Draft Analysis of Alternative Frameworkv Final 90

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DRAFT V.2 Analysis of Alternative Framework

CBP applies a comprehensive approach to secure the border, and fencing is one element of the
layered border security plan. Our comprehensive plan includes additional and substantial
investments in technology, tactical infrastructure (TI) and enforcement personnel. Fencing and
technology are complementary tools. Technology allows Border Patrol Agents to detect,
identify/classify, and track illegal activity. Fencing provides Border Patrol Agents the time they
need to respond to illegal cross border activity. A combination of technology and TI returns the
tactical advantage to Border Patrol Agents and fosters as safer environment them to effectively
do their job. CBP will continue to deploy the right mix of technology, TI, and personnel to
secure the border as effectively and efficiently as possible.
Our framework as we approach each segment of the border is to look at the application of
technology, pedestrian fencing, vehicle fencing and Border Patrol Agents as identified by CBP
operational requirements and a “border calculus” methodology. In border calculus, officials
analyze the time between an illegal entry and a developed line beyond which the Agent’s
interception capability almost vanishes. The SBInet and Tactical Infrastructure solution has to
ensure the Agent can respond within that timeline and bring the matter to a law enforcement
resolution.
In order to have full area situational awareness, we have identified need to deploy technology to
all parts of the border. The alternative will leave us with an unacceptable ability to detect,
identify, and classify illegal entries into the United States.
From that point, we focus on our ability to gain and maintain a level of control without adding
vehicle or pedestrian fence. If we can, we move to the next border segment. If not, we research
the utility of deploying vehicle fence. If we can add vehicle fence to the technology and gain a
level of control, we move to the next border segment. If not, we look at adding pedestrian fence
to provide the final element. In conjunction with fence, we also deploy lighting and roads to
support visibility and response access. The final critical element is the distribution of Border
Patrol Agents at the appropriate levels and locations to bring all situations to a safe and
successful law enforcement resolution.
This framework calls for the lay-down of technology for detection and situational awareness all
across the border and constructing vehicle fence and pedestrian fence according to local
operational conditions. With the full border coverage using technology, and tactical use of
fence, roads and lighting, we add the critical component, the Agent. This sector by sector
methodology also considers the cost of the three factors as well as how invasive the solution
would be to the environment and local community. As a result of this deployment strategy, we
have the spectrum of trained professional Border Patrol Agents, with the proper technology and
blend of tactical infrastructure to gain effective control of the borders of the United States..
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Below we provide several detailed segment analyses as examples of the Analyses of

Alternatives, again with the entering position that all segments will have technology for detection
and situational awareness. In alignment with the appropriations direction, DHS and CBP will
construct infrastructure where it is the most appropriate means to gain and maintain effective
control over the international border. Four main factors contribute to fence location decisions:
(1) the initial BP operational assessments; (2) input from stakeholders, including landowners; (3)
environmental assessments; and (4) engineering assessments, which include the cost to
construct.
Based upon the current information available and estimates, pedestrian fence equates to an
average of (b) (4) per mile and vehicle fence an average of (b) (4) per mile. The cost of
real estate is a wide variable, as is the cost of environmental mitigation. The cost of land and the
environmental mitigation are not included in these average costs; however, they are funded from
the TI funding in the BSFIT Appropriation Development and Deployment PPA. Operational
assessments by the local Chief Patrol Agents – based on illegal cross-border activity and the
Border Patrol’s extensive field experience – identified multiple locations where pedestrian or
vehicle fencing would most effectively enhance border security. The deployment of the TI is
geared toward disrupting identified routes into the United States that are utilized by smugglers,
criminal organizations and potential terrorists. This infrastructure will strengthen the Border
Patrol’s defense in-depth strategy, providing Border Patrol agents with a tactical advantage over
illegal entrants and enable agents to push the depth of intrusion as close to the border as
possible.
Between the Ports of Entry, the Border Patrol operates in three primary environments: urban,
rural, and remote. In an urban environment, where pedestrian fence is deployed, Border Patrol
Agents have literally seconds to minutes to detect an illegal entry, identify and classify the threat
level involved, respond to the illegal entry, and bring the situation to the proper law enforcement
resolution. Pedestrian fence provides Border Patrol Agents the invaluable time to assess,
respond and react to an illegal entry. In rural and remote locations, vehicle fence has been
identified as the operational requirement acting as a physical deterrent to any criminal
organization attempting to exploit the openness and vastness of these sections of the border.
Locations where we do not currently have plans for fencing are areas where the border terrain (
and environment acts as a natural impediment or other options have been deemed more b
appropriate than fencing. )
(
6
)
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1. Example of Analysis of Alternatives for an Urban Segment in Brownsville,

Texas: Project O-19 Fort Brown Station
CBP Office of Border Patrol (OBP) identified and prioritized locations along the southwest
border in Brownsville, TX, that operationally require pedestrian and/or vehicle fencing, in
addition to the full coverage of the border using technology. Site visits were conducted to
determine the specific fence style(s) to be installed, to agree on the specific lay down location of
the proposed fencing and associated infrastructure, and to identify real estate, environmental,
engineering, and construction challenges to be addressed.
Technology Lay Down: Future technology coverage is in the preliminary design stage for this
segment. This lay down will be designed with CBP OBP input to SBI and working with the
Boeing Company under a future Design Task Order. (b) (5)
Agent Deployment: (b) (7)(E) Deleted: Station XXX

Deleted: XXX
Deleted: XXXX
Tactical Infrastructure: The Brownsville urban environment, and all urban segments, requires
tactical infrastructure in the form of PF and or VF, where cities adjoin the border or are in close
mileage to the border. In this urban environment, the illegal entrant can be across the border and
into the community in a matter of minutes or seconds. Interdiction efforts are achieved by multi-
tiered enforcement operations to include pedestrian and vehicle fencing to deter entrants. With
the current accessibility to illegal entry, the Brownsville urban area would require an inordinate Deleted: s
number of enforcement personnel to effectively confront the illegal activity. In this Deleted: s
environment, pedestrian fencing provides a critical deterrent.
The proposed PF/VF fence in this location will deny smugglers and illegal entrants from easily Deleted: would prevent
concealing themselves by blending in with the general public within the City of Brownsville.
The fence would force current routes of egress to be rerouted to less populated areas. This
rerouting provides enforcement personnel a significant advantage and increased ability to
respond time and should result in a higher rate of apprehension.
(b) (7)(E)
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Real Estate: In the Brownsville, TX urban segment ADD ANY REAL ESTATE ESTIMATE
FOR O-19 :
Environmental: Another important part of CBP’s decision-making process is the formal

environmental review process required by the NEPA. The environmental planning process
includes an evaluation of options to mitigate – by either avoiding, minimizing, reducing, or
compensating for – the potential impact of the project on affected local communities. During the
preparation of NEPA documents, 14 areas are evaluated including: land use, geology, and soils;
biological and water resources; cultural resources; air quality and noise; aesthetics and visual
resources; and socioeconomics. The environmental review process includes extensive
consultation with Federal, State, and local officials, landowners, and the public. Federal
agencies, such as the USFWS and the International Boundary and Water Commission, are also
included in the review process.
Consultation: These extensive consultations in Brownsville, Texas have allowed CBP to

continue to identify areas where we can make accommodations to meet both operational needs
and other elements in the decision-making process, including local Brownsville stakeholder
input. (b) (5)
2. Example of Analysis of Alternatives for a rural segment in Segment TUS1 of

the Tucson sector: TUCSON STATION
border in the Tucson Sector, of A rizona, that operationally require pedestrian and/or vehicle Deleted:
fencing, in addition to the full coverage of the border using technology. Site visits were Deleted: Z
conducted to determine the specific technology and fence style(s) to be installed, to agree on the
specific lay down location of the proposed technology and fencing and associated infrastructure,
and to identify real estate, environmental, engineering, and construction challenges to be
addressed.
Technology Lay Down: (b) (7)(E)
Agent Deployment: (b) (7)(E)

Deleted: XXX
Deleted: XXXX
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The ORBPP model provides inputs on the optimal number of agents to respond to the different
levels of border control, and will be re-evaluated each year as the operational conditions change,
the threat changes, and the use of fencing and technology are brought to the location.
Tactical Infrastructure: (b) (5)
Deleted: areas requires
PF: (describe the plan)
VF: (describe the plan)
Real Estate: In the TUCSON station rural segment:

compensating for – the potential impact of the project on affected local communities. (b) (5)
Consultation: These extensive consultations in XXX have allowed CBP to continue to identify
areas where we can make accommodations to meet both operational. (b) (5)
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(b) (7)(E)
3. Example of Analysis of Alternatives for a Rural Segment in The El Centro/B4

Sector, CA:
border in the El Centro Sector, CA, that operationally require pedestrian fencing, in addition to
the full coverage of the border using technology. Site visits were conducted to determine the
specific technology and fence style(s) to be installed, to agree on the specific lay down location
of the proposed technology and fencing and associated infrastructure, and to identify real estate,
environmental, engineering, and construction challenges to be addressed.
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Technology Lay Down:

Add here
Agent Deployment: (b) (7)(E) Deleted: Sector

Deleted: XXX
Deleted: XXXX
Tactical Infrastructure: (b) (7)(E)
ADD THE COST ESTIMATE FOR B-4
Real Estate: In the El Centro/B4 station rural segment:

compensating for – the potential impact of the project on affected local communities. (b) (5)
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Consultation: These extensive consultations in XXX have allowed CBP to continue to identify
areas where we can make accommodations to meet both operational. (b) (5)
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San Diego Sector

The San Diego BP Sector contacted 53 individual landowners. The Sector held a town
hall meeting in East San Diego County and a meeting with officials at Sector
Headquarters.
For potential fencing within the San Diego Sector, CBP drafted an Environmental Impact
Statement and an Environmental Assessment to address different potential segments of
fence. The draft documents were released to the public on January 4 and 8, 2008,
respectively. Public open house meetings were held in San Diego and Alpine, California,
respectively on January 17 and 16, 2008, respectively.
The following table provides summary BP operational assessments for each potential
fence segment under consideration within the San Diego Sector, as well as a brief
analysis of potential environmental impacts:
Project ID: A-1 State: CA Station: BRF Location: Pack Truck Trail Approx. Length 1 (mi): 3.58
This project traverses Zones (b) (7)(E) which are located in the Chula Vista Station and the Brown Field
Station areas of responsibility. The project is located in the central corridor of San Diego Sector and is situated on
the south side of Otay Mountain. Due to the influx of technology and infrastructure in the Tucson Sector, along
with the implementation of programs such as Streamline in Del Rio, Yuma and Laredo, a shift in the flow of illegal
aliens has occurred. This shift has had a direct affect on San Diego Sector which is the only sector to have an
increase in traffic for 3 straight years. This area is the most heavily trafficked corridor in San Diego Sector due to
its remoteness and inaccessibility. Currently, (b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
The operational requirements would be to construct an access road to the west side of Otay Mountain, construct PF
and an accompanying patrol road on the south side of Otay Mountain which runs east from the area known as the
“puebla tree” to the 250 border monument. It would also encompass the improvement of the existing 250 road.
This project would certainly raise the level of control, assist in the preservation of the Otay Mountain Wilderness
and most importantly allow us to maintain a far greater level of safety for our agents who patrol the area.
(b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: Constructing the proposed fence and access
roads could result in short- and long-term, minor, adverse and beneficial impacts on land use. Short-term, minor,
adverse impacts would occur from construction and use of staging areas during the construction. Impacts on land
use would vary depending on potential changes in land use and the land use of adjacent properties. There is no
residential land use along Section A-1. Short-term, minor, indirect, adverse impacts on recreation and open land
uses, including the recreation and open space uses of the Otay Mountain Wilderness Area, Pack Trail, and Marron
1
Actual total construction mileage will vary due to environmental, land acquisition,
engineering constraints, and/or operational requirements.
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Valley Preserve, would occur during construction of Section A-1. These impacts would be short-term and localized
to staging and construction areas. No adverse impacts on recreation would be expected after construction, during
operation of the Proposed Action. Within Section A-1, portions of U.S. land would be south of the fence, therefore
since this land would be difficult and possibly unsafe to access, its value would decrease significantly. Air Quality:
San Diego County, including the area associated with the Proposed Action, is within a Federal and state
nonattainment area for 8-40 hour O3, the Federal moderate maintenance area for CO, and state nonattainment area
for PM10 and PM2.5. Major, short-term, adverse impacts would be expected from construction emissions and land
disturbance associated with the Proposed Action. The construction projects would generate total suspended
particulate and PM10 emissions as fugitive dust from ground-disturbing activities (e.g., grading, trenching, soil
piles) and from combustion of fuels in construction equipment. These impacts would be temporary, and would fall
off rapidly with distance from the proposed construction sites. The emissions of NAAQS pollutant is not high;
would not contribute to the deterioration of the air quality in the region; does not exceed the de minimis threshold
limits for nitrogen oxide (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and PM10/2.5; and does not exceed 10
percent of the regional values. Therefore, major, adverse impacts on regional or local air quality are not anticipated
from implementation of the Proposed Action. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Long-term, minor, adverse
impacts on waters of the United States would be expected as a result of Section A-1 crossing intermittent tributaries
associated with Copper and Buttewig Canyons. Necessary permits from the USACE-Los Angeles District would be
obtained prior to construction into drainages. If constructed, these fence locations would be inspected following
runoff events to remove any debris and to maintain the integrity of the PF and ensure that there is sufficient passage
to allow water to flow unimpeded. Section A-1 contains areas of riparian corridor. If wetland impacts cannot be
avoided, any necessary CWA Section 404 permits and Rivers and Harbors Act Section 10 Permits would be
obtained. As part of the permitting process, a wetlands identification, mitigation, and restoration plan would be
developed, submitted, and implemented to reduce and compensate for unavoidable impacts. Wildlife and Aquatic
Resources: Implementation of the Proposed Action would be anticipated to have short- and long-term, negligible to
major, adverse impacts on wildlife due to habitat conversion; short-term, minor to moderate, adverse impacts on
wildlife due to construction noise; and minor to moderate, adverse impacts on aquatic habitats due to siltation from
construction activities. Minor to moderate beneficial impacts would result from protection of wildlife and habitats
U.S. side of the fence. Threatened and Endangered Species: Short- and long-term minor to major adverse, and
minor beneficial impacts are expected as a result of the proposed construction of A-1. Direct and indirect impacts of
construction, operation, and maintenance associated with implementation of the Proposed Action would include
short- and long-term impacts to the Quino checkerspot butterfly and range from negligible to major beneficial and
major adverse. Direct and indirect impacts of construction operation, and maintenance associated with
implementation of the Proposed Action would include short- and long-term impacts to the arroyo toad and range
from negligible to minor adverse, and negligible to major beneficial. Direct impacts of construction of A-1 to the
Least Bell’s Vireo would be short-term, minor, and adverse. Beneficial impacts of implementing the Proposed
Action would be short- and long-term, minor, and beneficial. There would be no direct impacts of construction
associated with implementation of the Proposed Action to the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher. Cultural and
Historic Resources: Potential impacts on cultural resources associated with the project are limited to ground-
disturbing construction and future maintenance and patrolling activities and indirect impacts from increased access.
Long-term minor adverse impacts to cultural and historic resources are expected with the construction of A-1.
Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: ECJ Location: Ceti's Hill Approx. Length (mi): 0.57
Ceti’s Hill is a large Hill that is privately-owned and bisected by the international border located in Zone(b) of the
(7) the
El Cajon Station’s AOR. PF has been installed on either side of the hill, but not over the top of the hill along
border. (b) (7)(E) (E)
The operational requirement for this area would be to construct PF that

would be installed along the border and tie into the PF on either side of Ceti’s Hill. Construction of this fence
segment is vital in elevating the level of control for this area.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: With the implementation of the Proposed Action
Alternative, land use within the Roosevelt Reservation would remain a Federal law enforcement zone.
Approximately 27 acres of private land would be required to construct the A-2 fence segments. The remainder of
the project corridor is within the Roosevelt Reservation or on BLM property. No significant impacts to land use are
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expected as the indirect beneficial impacts would greatly outweigh the minor direct impacts. Air Quality:
As a result of the construction of the TI, exhaust pollutants and dust emissions would increase temporarily from the
operation of heavy equipment used for construction activities. These emissions would return to pre-construction
levels following construction. Indirect beneficial impacts to air quality are anticipated as a result of reducing
fugitive dust emissions. Vegetation: Approximately 123 acres of vegetation would be impacted during the
construction of the A-2 fence sections. However, of the 123 acres, only 78 would be permanently impacted; the
remainder would be temporarily impacted and rehabilitated. Significant impacts are not expected. Surface Waters
and Waters of the U.S.: The proposed construction of fence sections A-2 would result in indirect beneficial impacts
to ephemeral streams as a result of reducing illegal vehicle traffic and reducing erosion and sedimentation. Wildlife
and Aquatic Resources: Approximately 78 acres of habitat could be permanently impacted and 45 acres would be
temporarily impacted during the proposed construction. The temporarily impacted areas would be rehabilitated.
The habitat in the corridor is locally and regionally common. Therefore, no significant impacts are expected.
Wildlife movement across the international boundary would be impeded within the project corridor; however, these
impacts would be minimal to wildlife, locally and regionally. Threatened and Endangered Species: The
construction of the fence segment is expected to affect Quino checkerspot butterfly and the California gnatcatcher.
No significant impacts to any state or BLM protected species are expected. Cultural and Historic Resources: No
cultural resources would be impacted either directly or indirectly as a result of the construction of this fence section.
Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: ECJ Location: W. Horseshoe Canyon Approx. Length (mi): 0.89
Horseshoe Canyon is located in Zone (b and in the El Cajon Station’s AOR and this component is contained within
)
BLM land. The existing patrol road veers northward from the border in order to traverse Sacred Canyon and
(7
eventually Horseshoe Canyon. (b) (7)(E)
)
The operational requirement in this area(E is to construct and install a PF/VF on the southern toe of the road along the
border. Cut and fill activities would be) required at some minor drainages to keep the footprint close to the border
and to avoid creating unsafe driving conditions. The western end of the road/fence would begin near the east side of
Sacred Canyon and the eastern end of the road/fence would dead end into a steep rock outcrop on the eastern side of
Horseshoe Canyon.
expected as the indirect beneficial impacts would greatly outweigh the minor direct impacts. Air Quality:
As a result of the construction of the TI, exhaust pollutants and dust emissions would increase temporarily from the
Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: ECJ Location: East Bell Valley Approx. Length (mi): 0.12
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The East Bell Valley component is located at eastern boundary of Zone (b and the western boundary of Zone (b in
the El Cajon Station’s AOR (b) (7)(E) ) )
(7 (7
) )
The(EEast Bell Valley requirement would tie
(E all
)
these segments together and extend the patrol road as far east as practicable. ) to
The road would need to be widened
60 feet in this reach to accommodate an all-weather patrol road, drag road, and associated parallel drainage ditches.
(b) (7)(E)
expected as the indirect beneficial impacts would greatly outweigh the minor direct impacts. Air Quality: As a
result of the construction of the TI, exhaust pollutants and dust emissions would increase temporarily from the
Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: ECJ Location: Ag Loop Approx. Length (mi): 1.02
This project is located in Zone (b in the El Cajon Station’s AOR and is located on BLM land. The Ag Loop road is
)
located east of the Eastern Railroad Tunnel which extends into Mexico (b) (7)(E)
(7
)
(E
)
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Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: CAO Location: Southwest Rim of Smith Canyon Approx. Length (mi): 0.17
This project is located in the Zone (b and is in the Campo Station’s AOR. Smith Canyon is a deeply incised canyon
8 (approximately 500 feet deep) that) trends northwest to southeast. Smith 9 Canyon is within BLM lands. The
current access road to the western (7
rim of the canyon is located approximately 600 to 800 feet north of the border.
(b) (7)(E) )
(E
)
Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: CAO Location: Rattlesnake Ridge to Larry Pierce Road Approx. Length (mi): 1.06
This project is located in Zone (b and is in the Boulevard Station’s AOR. The existing patrol road in the
Rattlesnake Ridge area is located) approximately 0.5 mile north of the border and is situated on private lands within
(7
San Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E) utility right-of-way. The length of patrol road is approximately 17
) of Rattlesnake Ridge to the border at Larry Pearce Road. This length and the
miles starting at the western edge
(E
circuitous route requires (b) (7)(E) for agents to respond to incursions or emergency actions that occur within
)
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this reach. No PF has been installed in this area, so it too, is a high traffic area for illegal pedestrian and vehicular
traffic. The operational requirement would be to construct a patrol road and PF as close to the border as practicable.
Construction of this road would reduce the amount of time required by agents to respond to emergencies by (b)
Installation of the PF would be expected to preclude illegal vehicle traffic and substantially(7) reduce
illegal pedestrian traffic. (E)
Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: CAO Location: West edge of Boundary Peak Approx. Length (mi): 0.09
This project is located in Zone (b and is the Boulevard Station’s AOR. The existing PF has a gap that is
approximately 425 feet long. The) PF was not installed by previous Joint Task Force Six (JTF-6) actions due to large
boulders and a small drain. The(7operational requirement at this location is to install PF in the gap. This would
) pedestrian and vehicle traffic to breach the border. It would also provide
remove an opportunity for illegal
continuous and parallel access (E
along the border that currently is not available.
)
The existing infrastructure is classified as VF and (b) (7)(E)
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Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: BLV Location: Willows Access #1 Approx. Length (mi): 1.63
This project is located in Zone (b and is in the Boulevard Station’s AOR. Current access from Old Highway 80 to
)
the border is through private property. Landowners have threatened to prevent use of these access roads.
Consequently, USBP has recently (7 acquired an easement to access the border. The operational requirement would be
to develop this easement into an ) access road. In addition to the road, the existing infrastructure (fixed VF) is easily
(E
breached by pedestrian and vehicular traffic. To further enhance operational control the existing fixed VF would
) would allow for the natural water table flow that is associated with the area.
need to be retro-fitted into PF that
Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: BLV Location: Willows Access #2 Approx. Length (mi): 2.01
This project is located in Zone (b and is in the Boulevard Station’s AOR. The description and operational
)
requirement for this project is essentially the same. The only difference is that this project is east of the Willows
(7
Access #1 project near the Jacumba Airport. The operational requirement would be to develop this easement into an
access road. In addition to the )road the existing infrastructure is considered fixed VF and is easily breached by
pedestrian and vehicular traffic.(ETo further enhance operational control the existing fixed VF would need to be
)
retro-fitted into PF that would allow for the natural water table flow that is associated with the area.
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Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: BLV Location: Airport Mesa Approx. Length (mi): 0.05
This project is located in Zone (b) and is in the Boulevard Station’s AOR. The subject of the project is a mesa that is
very high and towering over the (7)Jacumba and O’Neil valley. Access roads have been constructed to the top of the
(E)
mesa on the south side of the border, providing illegal aliens with opportunities to conduct surveillance from an
advantage point and provide an avenue for illegal entry by both pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The operational
requirement would be to construct a road access to the top of the mesa and install pedestrian fencing along the
border. The effect would allow agents to gain the advantage of the high ground and thereby allowing greater control
of Zone (b .
)
(b) (7)(E)(7
)
(E
)
Project ID: A-2 State: CA Station: BLV Location: O'Neil Valley Approx. Length (mi): 1.47
This project is located in Zone (b and is in the Boulevard Station’s AOR. This area is east of Airport Mesa and the
)
(7
)
(E
)
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current infrastructure is fixed VF. This is same type of infrastructure that exists within the Willows Access projects
which lends itself to high volume illegal entries by both pedestrian and vehicle traffic. The operational requirement
would be to retro-fit the existing fixed VF with pedestrian fencing.
The existing infrastructure is classified as VF and does not hamper illegal pedestrian traffic in their attempts to enter
illegally. The illegal traffic is able to vanish within minutes of the entry due to the close proximity of Highway 94.
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El Centro Sector
The El Centro BP Sector contacted 17 individual landowners, and held 4 meetings with
officials, including the Calexico Mayor and Council Members, the Imperial County
Board of Supervisors, and representatives of the State Assembly and State Senate.
For potential fencing within the El Centro Sector, CBP drafted an Environmental
Assessment that was released to the public on December 26, 2007. A public open house
meeting was held in Imperial, California, on January 9, 2008.
fence segment under consideration within the El Centro Sector, as well as a brief analysis
of potential environmental impacts:
Project ID: B-2 State: CA Station: ELS Location: Mon 224 to ELS West Checks Approx. Length (mi): 2.36
(b) (7)(E)
Additionally, the area identified

in Section B-2 is likely to become urban on the Mexican side of the border in the future. Currently, there are plans to
build a “Silicone Valley” type area in Mexico and as a result there have been talks about opening another POE to
facilitate commerce. If this occurs, the need for infrastructure in this section will become of paramount importance.
El Centro Sector believes it wise and operationally sound to place infrastructure in this section to curb the flow of
illegal aliens and narcotics before the area becomes completely urban.
(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: Long-term, minor, adverse and beneficial direct
and indirect effects on land use would occur as a result of the Proposed Action. Direct effects would occur in areas
characterized as General Agriculture and Heavy Agriculture Zones because small areas would be permanently
converted to Government Special Use Zones. These areas are currently near the U.S./Mexico international border
and it is likely that the proposed land use change would not result in the loss of agricultural lands. Long-term, minor,
adverse direct effects on land use would occur on BLM managed lands in the area of the Proposed Action. The
Proposed Action would not result in a loss of any BLM managed lands. Therefore, the effects would be minor.
Indirect beneficial effects could occur as a result of decreased illegal traffic within the areas adjacent to the Proposed
Action. Air Quality: The Proposed Action would occur within a Federal marginal/State moderate nonattainment
area for 8-hour 03 and Federal serious/State nonattainment area for PM10. General Conformity Rule requirements
are applicable to the Proposed Action. Emissions from the Proposed Action would not exceed the de minimis
thresholds for the Southeast Desert Air Quality Control Region and would also be less than 10% of the emissions
inventory for the Region. Minor adverse impacts on local air quality would be anticipated as a result of the
construction of section B-2. Vegetation: Under the Proposed Action new boundary roads and access roads would
be constructed and existing roads widened resulting in the loss of approximately 5.3 acres of sparse creosote bush
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shrub communities corridor-wide. Additional loss of habitat would result from the clearing of lay-down areas for
construction materials and maintenance/storage areas. Sites within the project corridors that are disturbed
temporarily during construction could re-vegetate to annual plant species (seasonally and during moist precipitation
cycles) resulting in insignificant to low, beneficial and adverse, short- and long-term effects due to provision of food
sources and ground cover for wildlife and due to the potential spread of nonnative species including Mediterranean
grass and crane’s-bill, among others. Revegetation would be considered unlikely to occur due to the around-the-
clock international border security patrol access needs, the tremendous seasonal presence of recreational vehicles,
and low annual precipitation. Therefore vegetation impacts related to fence installation would be considered long-
term to permanent. Effects on sparse Colorado Desert vegetation communities due to elimination of human foot
traffic and some vehicle travel following construction of the PF as proposed would be insignificant, beneficial, and
long-term. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Under the Proposed Action, PF and VF construction would
occur on the international border up to 200 feet or more south of the All-American Canal, resulting in insignificant
short- and long-term adverse effects on surface water of the canal in terms of flow volume or duration and the canal
water quality would reflect conditions within the Colorado River Basin prior to delivery. Fences installed in
washes/arroyos would be designed and constructed in a manner to ensure that water flow during excessive rain
events would not be impeded or ponded. Approximately ½ mile of Pinto Wash would be crossed by pedestrian
fencing; however there would be insignificant effects on surface water flow volume, duration, and water quality in
this ephemeral drainage. Implementation of the Proposed Action would be expected to have insignificant short-
term, adverse effects on surface water quality as a result of potential erosion and associated transport of sediments
into adjacent surface waters. Under the Proposed Action there would be no41 effect on submerged aquatic
wetlands. An insignificant to low, long-term, beneficial effect on wetland communities would result from
eliminating or reducing significantly the human access of the canal bank and resultant trampling of plants. A formal
delineation and jurisdictional determination of the extent of waters of the U.S. that are likely to be impacted by
implementation of the Proposed Action will be conducted. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Under the Proposed
Action, existing border access roads would be widened from approximately 16 feet to approximately 20 feet
resulting in the loss of approximately 5.3 acres of habitat. Additional loss of habitat resulting from clearing of lay-
down areas for construction materials and maintenance and storage areas for heavy equipment would be minimal as
previously disturbed areas would be selected for these functions to the extent practicable. Potential impacts on
wildlife and aquatic life include habitat loss, noise and physical disturbance associated with construction and
subsequent maintenance activities impacts of lights on nocturnal species, and beneficial impacts due to reduced
cross-border violator traffic. Threatened and Endangered Species: Under the Proposed Action, new boundary roads
and construction access would occur and existing roads widened resulting gin the loss of approximately 5.3 acres of
sparse creosote bush shrub communities corridor-wide. Additional loss of habitat resulting from clearing of lay-
down areas for construction materials and maintenance/storage areas would be minimal. The implementation of
best management practices and conservation efforts would be implemented to the fullest extent applicable and
practical to minimize impacts to the flat-tailed horned lizard. Impacts to flat-tailed horned lizard are expected to be
long-term minor adverse. These adverse impacts would be offset by the beneficial impact of reduced cross-border
violator traffic through the remaining habitat. Cultural and Historic Resources: There are no archaeological sites
within the area of potential effect for the Proposed Action. Of the archaeological resources adjacent to the area of
potential effect for the Proposed Action, none have been assessed for National Register of Historic Places eligibility.
No historic architectural resources or resources of traditional or cultural significance to Native American tribes are
known to be within the area of potential effect. Accordingly, the Proposed Action does not have the potential to
impact archaeological or architectural resources.
Project ID: B-4 State: CA Station: CAX Location: CAX East Checks Approx. Length (mi): 8.59
This section of border with Mexico sees a steady flow of illegal cross-border activity with illegal alien smuggling
and narcotic smuggling being two of the most common. Approximately two miles of this section is situated
immediately north of the Mexican city of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. Mexicali’s population (1.5 million) is
large compared to the cities north of the border in the Imperial Valley, California (150,000). This equates to an ever
present criminal network with established roots in Mexico. Much of this section is also a short distance to California
State Highway 98, again offering a route to the interior of the United States. Another concern in this area is the
potential for border violence due to lack of infrastructure. Criminal elements can quickly and easily blend into a city
of 1.5 million after committing acts of violence upon law enforcement officers or other 3rd parties due to the lack of
infrastructure.
000348
(b) (7)(E)
construction of section B-4. Vegetation: Under the Proposed Action new boundary roads and access roads would
shrub communities corridor-wide and approximately 8.3 acres of active sand dune communities adjacent to
proposed sections B-4, B05A, and B-5B. Additional loss of habitat would result from the clearing of lay-down
areas for construction materials and maintenance/storage areas. Sites within the project corridors that are disturbed
temporarily during construction could re-vegetate to annual plant species resulting in insignificant to low, beneficial
and adverse, short- and long-term effects due to provision of food sources and ground cover for wildlife and due to
the potential spread of nonnative species including Mediterranean grass and crane’s-bill, among others.
Revegetation would be considered unlikely to occur due to the around-the-clock international border security patrol
access needs, the tremendous seasonal presence of recreational vehicles, and low annual precipitation. Therefore
vegetation impacts related to fence installation would be considered long-term to permanent. Effects on sparse
Colorado Desert vegetation communities due to elimination of human foot traffic and some vehicle travel following
construction of the PF as proposed would be insignificant, beneficial, and long-term. Surface Waters and Waters of
the U.S.: Under the Proposed Action, PF and VF construction would occur on the international border up to 200
feet or more south of the All-American Canal, resulting in insignificant short- and long-term adverse effects on
surface water of the canal in terms of flow volume or duration and the canal water quality would reflect conditions
within the Colorado River Basin prior to delivery. Fences installed in washes/arroyos would be designed and
constructed in a manner to ensure that water flow during excessive rain events would not be impeded or ponded.
Approximately ½ mile of Pinto Wash would be crossed by pedestrian fencing; however there would be insignificant
effects on surface water flow volume, duration, and water quality in this ephemeral drainage. PF construction would
bisect the playa east of the Alamo River in Section B-4 resulting in intermittent, insignificant to low, adverse effects
on ponded water when present. Implementation of the Proposed Action would be expected to have insignificant
short-term, adverse effects on surface water quality as a result of potential erosion and associated transport of
sediments into adjacent surface waters. Under the Proposed Action there would be no41 effect on submerged
aquatic wetlands. An insignificant to low, long-term, beneficial effect on wetland communities would result from
delineation and jurisdictional determination. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Threatened and Endangered Species:
Short- and long-term minor adverse and long-term minor beneficial impacts are expected under the Proposed
Action. Assuming implementation of applicable and practicable best management practices, impacts of construction
and subsequent maintenance activities on Peirson’s milkvetch and flat-tail horned lizard, including noise and
physical disturbance, are anticipated to be short-term moderate and long-term minor adverse, respectively. Under
the Proposed Action, existing border access roads would be widened from approximately 16 feet to approximately
20 feet resulting in the loss of approximately 5.3 acres of habitat. Additional loss of habitat resulting from clearing
of lay-down areas for construction materials and maintenance and storage areas for heavy equipment would be
000349
minimal as previously disturbed areas would be selected for these functions to the extent practicable. Potential
impacts on wildlife and aquatic life include habitat loss, noise and physical disturbance associated with construction
and subsequent maintenance activities impacts of lights on nocturnal species, and beneficial impacts due to reduced
sparse creosote bush shrub communities corridor-wide and 8.3 acres of active sand dune communities adjacent to
proposed sections B-4, B-5A, and B-5B. Additional loss of habitat resulting from clearing of lay-down areas for
construction materials and maintenance/storage areas would be minimal. The implementation of best management
practices and conservation efforts would be implemented to the fullest extent applicable and practical to minimize
impacts to the flat-tailed horned lizard. Impacts to flat-tailed horned lizard are expected to be long-term minor
adverse. These adverse impacts would be offset by the beneficial impact of reduced cross-border violator traffic
through the remaining habitat. Cultural and Historic Resources: There are no archaeological sites within the area of
potential effect for the Proposed Action. Of the archaeological resources adjacent to the area of potential effect for
the Proposed Action, none have been assessed for National Register of Historic Places eligibility. No historic
architectural resources or resources of traditional or cultural significance to Native American tribes are known to be
within the area of potential effect. Accordingly, the Proposed Action does not have the potential to impact
archaeological or architectural resources.
Project ID: B- State: CA Station: CAX Location: Approx. Length (mi): 9.4
5A.1
Section B-5A is remote and isolated somewhat. (b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
construction of section B-5A. Vegetation: Under the Proposed Action new boundary roads and access roads would
000350
areas for construction materials and maintenance/storage areas. Effects of Colorado Desert vegetation removal
would be low to moderate adverse and long-term due to the large amount of similar vegetation regionally, other
construction projects in the area cumulatively resulting in vegetation removal, and the highly disturbed condition of
the entire B-5A and B-5B corridor due to the previous and ongoing recreational activities. Sites within the project
corridors that are disturbed temporarily during construction could re-vegetate to annual plant species resulting in
insignificant to low, beneficial and adverse, short- and long-term effects due to provision of food sources and
ground cover for wildlife and due to the potential spread of nonnative species including Mediterranean grass and
crane’s-bill, among others. Revegetation would be considered unlikely to occur due to the around-the-clock
international border security patrol access needs, the tremendous seasonal presence of recreational vehicles, and low
annual precipitation. Therefore vegetation impacts related to fence installation would be considered long-term to
permanent. Effects on sparse Colorado Desert vegetation communities due to elimination of human foot traffic and
some vehicle travel following construction of the PF as proposed would be insignificant, beneficial, and long-term.
Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Under the Proposed Action, PF and VF construction would occur on the
international border up to 200 feet or more south of the All-American Canal, resulting in insignificant short- and
long-term adverse effects on surface water of the canal in terms of flow volume or duration and the canal water
quality would reflect conditions within the Colorado River Basin prior to delivery. Fences installed in
adverse. Adverse impacts to the species would be offset by the beneficial impact of reduced cross-border violator
traffic through the remaining habitat. Cultural and Historic Resources: There are no archaeological sites within the
area of potential effect for the Proposed Action. Of the archaeological resources adjacent to the area of potential
effect for the Proposed Action, none have been assessed for National Register of Historic Places eligibility. No
historic architectural resources or resources of traditional or cultural significance to Native American tribes are
Project ID: B- State: CA Station: CAX Location: Approx. Length (mi): 9.76
5A.2
Section B-5A is remote and isolated somewhat. (b) (7)(E)

000351
(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
construction of section B-5A. Vegetation: Under the Proposed Action new boundary roads and access roads would
000352
adverse. Adverse impacts to the species would be offset by the beneficial impact of reduced cross-border violator
Project ID: B-5B State: CA Station: CAX Location: Approx. Length (mi): 2.85
This section runs through the Imperial Sand Dunes Recreational Area and is of course bordered by Mexico to the
south. This area is used primarily by narcotic smugglers, but human smuggling also occurs here. Vehicles crossing
the border with large narcotic loads are common. (b) (7)(E)
The eastern portion of this section

happens to be a seam with the Yuma BP Sector. Building infrastructure up the seam is proposed on the Yuma Sector
side, which makes it prudent to place infrastructure here as well so the criminal enterprises cannot exploit a gap in
the seams.
(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
000353
construction of section B-5B. Vegetation: Under the Proposed Action new boundary roads and access roads would
into adjacent surface waters. Under the Proposed Action there would be no effect on submerged aquatic wetlands.
An insignificant to low, long-term, beneficial effect on wetland communities would result from eliminating or
reducing significantly the human access of the canal bank and resultant trampling of plants. A formal delineation
and jurisdictional determination of the extent of waters of the U.S. that are likely to be impacted by implementation
of the Proposed Action will be conducted. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Under the Proposed Action, existing
border access roads would be widened from approximately 16 feet to approximately 20 feet resulting in the loss of
approximately 5.3 acres of habitat. Additional loss of habitat resulting from clearing of lay-down areas for
construction materials and maintenance and storage areas for heavy equipment would be minimal as previously
disturbed areas would be selected for these functions to the extent practicable. Potential impacts on wildlife and
aquatic life include habitat loss, noise and physical disturbance associated with construction and subsequent
maintenance activities impacts of lights on nocturnal species, and beneficial impacts due to reduced cross-border
violator traffic. Threatened and Endangered Species: Under the Proposed Action, new boundary roads and
construction access would occur and existing roads widened resulting gin the loss of approximately 5.3 acres of
000354
adverse. Section B-5B extends into potential habitat for Algodones dune sunflower and Peirson’s milkvetch.
Surveys of this section, conducted in September 2007, revealed no plants of these species. In coordination with the
USFWS Carlsbad Office, identified best management practices for Peirson’s milkvetch would be implemented to
the extent practicable and would serve to reduce impacts on Algodones dunes sunflower as well. Impacts to
Peirson’s milkvetch and Algodones dunes sunflower are expected to be short-term and moderate. Adverse impacts
to threatened and endangered species would be offset by the beneficial impact of reduced cross-border violator
Yuma Sector
The Yuma BP Sector contacted 23 individual landowners. In addition, the BP met with
concerned citizens and members of the Yuma Rod and Gun Club, with members of the
Sheriff’s Department, USFWS, and Arizona Game and Fish in attendance. Five separate
meetings were also held with local officials, including public land managers, the Sheriff’s
Department, the Quechan and Cocopah Indian Nations, and the Mayor of San Luis,
Arizona.
For potential fencing within the Yuma Sector, CBP drafted a Supplemental
Environmental Assessment that was released to the public on January 22, 2008. A public
open house meeting was held in Yuma, Arizona on January 30, 2008.
fence segment under consideration within the Yuma Sector, as well as a brief analysis of
potential environmental impacts:
Project ID: C-1 State: CA Station: CAX/YUS Location: Andrade POE: Imperial sand dunes to CA-AZ Approx. Length (mi): 10.28
line
The terrain throughout the C-1 segment consists of both urban and remote areas. The urban areas are adjacent to the
Andrade POE and are comprised of neighborhoods and businesses within Mexico. On the United States side, the
Andrade POE is surrounded by rolling hills and mountainous terrain. The remote portions of the C-1 segment are
adjacent to the Imperial Sand Dunes. The terrain is comprised of rolling sand dunes which are sparsely vegetated.
The pedestrian fencing within the C-1 alignment would cover miles of urban and remote areas in California.
(b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: No impacts to land use are anticipated under the
proposed construction of C-1. The lands affected by the Proposed Action are currently part of the 60-foot Roosevelt
Reservation or are under Bureau of Reclamation management. The Proposed Action is consistent with current use
and management of the affected lands. Air Quality: Minor and temporary impacts on air quality would occur
during construction; however, air emissions would remain below de minimis levels. Vegetation: Although the
construction of C-1 and C-2B would result in the disturbance of up to 102 acres of vegetation, there would be
000355
minimal loss of vegetation communities since the project corridor is either disturbed by past activities or is devoid of
vegetation. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: The Proposed Action alternative would have minimal impact
on surface water quality. Some temporary water quality impairments may occur if there is a major rain event during
the construction efforts. Construction activities can disturb soils, which, in turn, increase the probability of sediment
migration. No significant impacts on surface waters are expected. No jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. would be
affected by the implementation of the Proposed Action Alternative since one were observed within the project
corridor. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: The construction of C-1 and C-2B is anticipated to impact 102 acres;
however, little impacts to wildlife habitats would occur since vegetation communities are sparse and considered low
quality. The construction of PF will preclude trans boundary migration of larger mammals. However, no significant
adverse effects are anticipated as the majority of the project corridor on either side of the international border is
highly developed or disturbed and would not be expected to be an important migratory route for large mammalian
species. Additionally, any such species that do occur in the project region are common in both the U.S. and Mexico.
Threatened and Endangered Species: Under the Proposed Action Alternative only one Federally protected species,
Pierson's milk vetch has the potential to be affected by the Proposed Action. However, based on surveys and the
amount of disturbance that has occurred in the area, the construction of PF is not anticipated to have an affect on this
species. A total of eight state-protected species utilize habitats similar to those affected by the Proposed Action.
Due to the vast amounts of similar habitat, impacts are anticipated to be negligible. There is the potential to
adversely affect the flat-tailed horned lizard. Best management practices including openings in the fence for flat-
tailed horned lizard movement will be incorporated to minimize impacts. Cultural and Historic Resources: It is
anticipated that all infrastructure activities would occur adjacent to the existing historic levee and flood control
system. No direct impacts to the 91 previously recorded archeological sites which are located within one half mile
of the project area of potential effect are anticipated from construction activities. Indirectly, the reduction of illegal
traffic through the area would have the potential for long term beneficial impacts to cultural resources found in the
region. The reduction of illegal traffic would decrease the amount of foot and vehicle traffic through the area which
has the potential of decreasing impacts to cultural resources.
Project ID: C-2B State: AZ Station: YUS Location: From end of PF 70 project to County 18 Approx. Length (mi): 3.70
The terrain through-out the C-2B segment is located adjacent to an urban area. The urban areas consist of
neighborhoods and businesses in close proximity to the Colorado River as well as egress routes. The pedestrian
fencing within the C-2B alignment would cover approximately 3.7 miles of this area.
(b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: No impacts to land use are anticipated under the
Proposed Action. The lands affected by the Proposed Action are currently part of the 60-foot Roosevelt Reservation
or are under Bureau of Reclamation management. The Proposed Action is consistent with current use and
management of the affected lands. Air Quality: Minor and temporary impacts on air quality would occur during
construction; however, air emissions would remain below de minimis levels. Vegetation: Although the construction
of C-1 and C-2B would result in the disturbance of up to 102 acres of vegetation, there would be minimal loss of
vegetation communities since the project corridor is either disturbed by past activities or is devoid of vegetation.
Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: The Proposed Action alternative would have minimal impact on surface
water quality. Some temporary water quality impairments may occur if there is a major rain event during the
construction efforts. Construction activities can disturb soils, which, in turn, increase the probability of sediment
migration. No significant impacts on surface waters are expected. No jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. would be
affected by the implementation of the Proposed Action Alternative since none were observed within the project
corridor. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: The construction of C-1 and C-2B is anticipated to impact 102 acres;
however, little impacts to wildlife habitats would occur since vegetation communities are sparse and considered low
quality. The construction of PF will preclude trans boundary migration of larger mammals. However, no significant
adverse effects are anticipated as the majority of the project corridor on either side of the international border is
highly developed or disturbed and would not be expected to be an important migratory route for large mammalian
species. Additionally, any such species that do occur in the project region are common in both the U.S. and Mexico.
000356
Threatened and Endangered Species: Under the Proposed Action Alternative only one Federally protected species,
Pierson's milk vetch, has the potential to be affected by the Proposed Action. However, based on surveys and the
amount of disturbance that has occurred in the area, the construction of PF is not anticipated to have an affect on this
species. A total of eight state-protected species utilize habitats similar to those affected by the Proposed Action.
Due to the vast amounts of similar habitat, impacts are anticipated to be negligible. There is the potential to
adversely affect the flat-tailed horned lizard. Best management practices including openings in the fence for flat-
tailed horned lizard movement will be incorporated to minimize impacts. Cultural and Historic Resources: For the
C-2B project, no cultural or historic resources are known to occur within the project corridor. A number of historic
features are located adjacent to the C-2B project area of potential impact. The use of Best Management Practices
will reduce the likelihood of any potential impact to cultural or historic resources.
000357
Tucson Sector
The Tucson BP Sector contacted 46 individual landowners. The Sector held town hall
meetings in Huachuca, Arizona, and with Tohono O’odham Legislative Council and
community members in Sells, Arizona. The BP also held five meetings with public
groups including the Nogales Station’s Citizen Advisory Board, members of the San
Rafael Valley Association, Sonoita community stakeholders, the Southern Arizona
Association of Realtors, and members of the Malpai Ranch Community. In addition,
eight outreach meetings were held with officials, including leadership from the City of
Nogales, law enforcement, public land managers, members of Congress, and a separate
meeting with the Tohono O’odham Legislative Council.
For potential fencing within the Tucson Sector, CBP drafted an Environmental
Assessment that was released to the public on January 18, 2008. A public open house
meeting was held in Tucson, Arizona, on January 31, 2008.
fence segment under consideration within the Tucson Sector, as well as a brief analysis of
Project ID: D-2 State: AZ Station: AJO Location: AJO 2mi east of POE Approx. Length (mi): 3.10
In 2001, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) prepared the Supplemental Programmatic Environmental
Impact Statement (SPEIS) for INS and Joint Task Force 6 (JTF-6) Activities along the U.S.-Mexico Border.
Additionally, in December 2003, National Park Service (NPS) issued a Final Finding of No Significant Impact
(FONSI) and Final EA for the proposed Permanent VF (also known as “fixed vehicle fence” or FVF) across the
southern boundary of the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (OPCNM) in Pima County, Arizona. The FVF
spans approximately 30 miles of the U.S.–Mexico border. The FVF constructed by NPS has served effectively and
efficiently in deterring and hindering illegal vehicle traffic on the OPCNM. However, due to recent legislation and
shifts in illegal alien traffic, there is a need to construct PF.
Potential Impacts and Benefits: This project is to construct and deploy PF on the border with Mexico along both
sides of the Lukeville POE. This fence will extend out in both directions. The national strategy, regarding border
infrastructure, is the construction of fences in urban areas, and VF in rural areas. This is the only place in Ajo AOR
that is considered urban. (b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: The majority of the D-2 project corridor is
located within the Roosevelt Reservation and is currently set aside to be used for USBP operations. However,
approximately 7 acres of National Park Service lands over Sonoyta Hill would be used for USBP infrastructure for
the construction of the entire D-2 project. The lands would remain National Park Service lands; however, USBP
would be allowed use of the 7 acres as articulated through a Special Use Permit. Indirect impacts to land use could
occur outside the project corridor as illegal aliens attempt to circumvent the proposed infrastructure. These impacts
cannot be quantified or predicted at this time. Indirect beneficial impacts to land use within the area is anticipated as
a result of decreased illegal traffic within the project corridor. Air Quality: Pima County is in attainment for all
criteria pollutants. Minor, temporary impacts would occur during construction but would cease upon completion of
the Proposed Action alternative. Vegetation: The proposed construction of the D-2 project is anticipated to result in
the loss of approximately 28 acres of vegetation within the project corridor. The remaining 17 acres is currently
disturbed and devoid of vegetation. Erosion within the disturbed areas is anticipated as a result of the proposed
construction. However, impacts to vegetation and soils would be minimized as a result of implementing pre- and
000358
post-construction best management practices. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: No wetlands would be either
directly or indirectly impacted as a result of this alternative as none exist within the project corridor. Wildlife and
Aquatic Resources: Although approximately 45 acres would be permanently impacted from the Proposed Action,
these impacts would be considered negligible since much of the project corridor is previously disturbed. Wildlife
movement across the international boundary would be impeded within the corridor. However, these impacts would
be minimal to wildlife locally and regionally. The Proposed Action would not have direct impacts to fish or other
aquatic species as the proposed construction activities would not take place in naturally flowing or standing water.
No deficit to the region's available groundwater sources would occur as a result of the construction of the D-2
project. Threatened and Endangered Species: Due to the construction of the D-2 project, food sources for the lesser
long-nosed bat and habitat for the Sonoran pronghorn would be impacted. The Proposed Action may affect and is
likely to adversely affect these two species. Section 7 consultation with the USFWS is on-going. Conservation
measures have been identified and would be implemented to off-set impacts to the bat and pronghorn. Indirect
impacts could occur to habitat or species outside of the corridor if illegal aliens attempt to circumvent the proposed
infrastructure. Cultural and Historic Resources: Three historic resources are located within the D-2 project corridor
and could be affected by the implementation of the Proposed Action. The historic objects are listed on the National
Register of Historic Places and are considered significant cultural resources. In consultation with the State Historic
Preservation Officer, mitigation measures have been identified to avoid adverse impacts to these resources.
Project ID: D-2 State: AZ Station: AJO Location: AJO 2mi west of POE Approx. Length (mi): 2.10
In 2001, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) prepared the Supplemental Programmatic Environmental
Impact Statement (SPEIS) for INS and Joint Task Force 6 (JTF-6) Activities along the U.S.-Mexico Border.
Additionally, in December 2003, National Park Service (NPS) issued a FONSI and Final EA for the proposed
Permanent VF across the southern boundary of the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (OPCNM) in Pima
County, Arizona. The FVF spans approximately 30 miles of the U.S.–Mexico border. The FVF constructed by NPS
has served effectively and efficiently in deterring and hindering illegal vehicle traffic on the OPCNM. However, due
to recent legislation and shifts in illegal alien traffic, there is a need to construct PF.
Potential Impacts and Benefits: This project is to construct and deploy PF on the border with Mexico along both
sides of the Lukeville POE. This fence will extend out in both directions. The national strategy, regarding border
infrastructure, is the construction of fences in urban areas, and VF in rural areas. This is the only place in Ajo AOR
that is considered urban. (b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: The majority of the D-2 project corridor is
located within the Roosevelt Reservation and is currently set aside to be used for USBP operations. However,
approximately 7 acres of National Park Service lands over Sonoyta Hill would be used for USBP infrastructure for
the construction of the entire D-2 project. The lands would remain National Park Service lands; however, USBP
would be allowed use of the 7 acres as articulated through a Special Use Permit. Indirect impacts to land use could
occur outside the project corridor as illegal aliens attempt to circumvent the proposed infrastructure. These impacts
cannot be quantified or predicted at this time. Indirect beneficial impacts to land use within the area is anticipated as
a result of decreased illegal traffic within the project corridor. Air Quality: Pima County is in attainment for all
criteria pollutants. Minor, temporary impacts would occur during construction but would cease upon completion of
the Proposed Action alternative. Vegetation: The proposed construction of the D-2 project is anticipated to result in
the loss of approximately 28 acres of vegetation within the project corridor. The remaining 17 acres is currently
disturbed and devoid of vegetation. Erosion within the disturbed areas is anticipated as a result of the proposed
construction. However, impacts to vegetation and soils would be minimized as a result of implementing pre- and
post-construction best management practices. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: No wetlands would be either
directly or indirectly impacted as a result of this alternative as none exist within the project corridor. Wildlife and
Aquatic Resources: Although approximately 45 acres would be permanently impacted from the Proposed Action,
these impacts would be considered negligible since much of the project corridor is previously disturbed. Wildlife
movement across the international boundary would be impeded within the corridor. However, these impacts would
be minimal to wildlife locally and regionally. The Proposed Action would not have direct impacts to fish or other
000359
aquatic species as the proposed construction activities would not take place in naturally flowing or standing water.
No deficit to the region's available groundwater sources would occur as a result of the construction of the D-2
project. Threatened and Endangered Species: Due to the construction of the D-2 project, food sources for the lesser
long-nosed bat and habitat for the Sonoran pronghorn would be impacted. The Proposed Action may affect and is
likely to adversely affect these two species. Section 7 consultation with the USFWS is on-going. Conservation
measures have been identified and would be implemented to off-set impacts to the bat and pronghorn. Indirect
impacts could occur to habitat or species outside of the corridor if illegal aliens attempt to circumvent the proposed
infrastructure. Cultural and Historic Resources: Three historic resources are located within the D-2 project corridor
and could be affected by the implementation of the Proposed Action. The historic objects are listed on the National
Register of Historic Places and are considered significant cultural resources. In consultation with the State Historic
Preservation Officer, mitigation measures have been identified to avoid adverse impacts to these resources.
Project ID: D- State: AZ Station: NGL Location: 1mi W to 3mi W of Mariposa POE Approx. Length (mi): 2.00
5A
Potential Impacts and Benefits: Construct a 2 mile long PF along the U.S./Mexico Border in support of the National
Strategy. The fence will start one mile to the west of the Mariposa POE and run to a ridge known to agents as the
“60’s Ridge”. This fence is designed to prevent illegal aliens and vehicles from entering the United States
undetected and unabated. Along the route of the project are at least two sites that are notoriously used by Narcotics
Trafficking Organizations (NTO) that drive vehicles laden with illegal drugs into the country.
There are also any number of locations along the currently porous barbed wire fence that are used by illegal aliens
and human “mules” who smuggle illegal drugs into this country. Construction of this fence will not only disrupt
illicit traffic as it exists, but will act as a “force multiplier” by allowing more agents who would normally patrol this
area to deploy to more remote areas in an effort to bring them under manageable control.
Vanishing Time: (b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: No impacts to land use would occur as a result
of the construction of the D-5A project. The project would occur within the Roosevelt Reservation which is
currently authorized and used for USBP operation. Indirect impacts could occur outside of the project corridor as
illegal aliens attempt to circumvent the proposed infrastructure. By reducing illegal traffic within and adjacent to
the project corridor, damage to agricultural land north of the project corridor would also be reduced or possibly
eliminated. Air Quality: While a portion of the project corridor is in nonattainment for PM10, no significant long-
term impacts to air quality are expected. Emissions as a result of the construction activity are all below the de
minimis threshold and do not require an air conformity analysis. Conversely, ambient air quality conditions would
likely incur slight improvements do the reduction in off-road illegal alien traffic and consequent USBP enforcement
actions. Vegetation: The implementation of D-5A would result in the permanent loss of 18 acres of vegetation
which includes 9 acres of Semi-Dessert Grasslands, 8 acres of Encinal Oak Woodland, and 1 acre of Broadleaf
Riparian Communities. The disturbance of up to 18 acres of soils would result in conditions for the establishment of
non-native plant species throughout the project corridor. The use of best management practices would reduce this
risk. The PF is expected to have an indirect benefit to vegetation communities by preventing impacts as a result of
illegal alien traffic. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: 18 washes do occur within the project corridor. The
design of the TI within D-5A includes openings in the fence large enough to properly convey surface waters.
Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Direct impacts to wildlife would occur as a result of the loss of 18 acres of habitat.
These impacts would negligible based on the existing disturbances in the project corridor and the vast areas of
similar habitat north of the project area. Some displacement of wildlife would occur, but these impacts would be
considered insignificant. Due to the fence design which includes openings to allow for migration of small mammal
species and the free flow of surface waters, only minor impacts associated with the restriction of trans-boundary
movement of wildlife would occur. Threatened and Endangered Species: The project corridor provides potential
foraging and migratory habitat for three protected species—the lesser long-nosed bat, the jaguar, and the northern
aplomado falcon. The Proposed Action may adversely affect the lesser long-nosed bat and jaguar and may affect,
but it is not likely to adversely affect the aplomado falcon. Formal consultation with the USFWS assist with the
implementation of the lesser long-nosed bat recovery plan, assist with the implementation of the Jaguar
Conservation Framework; and participate in the Jaguar Conservation Team. To reduce any adverse affects to the
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lesser long-nosed bat’s foraging habitat, mature agaves would be move to a suitable area outside the project
corridor. Jaguars have been observed in the surrounding regions, but have not been observed within the project
corridor. Impacts to the jaguar are expected to be minimal due to the amount of human presence in the in the area of
impact. Potential impacts are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the jaguar or the lesser long-nosed
bat. The small area impacted, which is adjacent to a vast acreage of similar habitat, is not expected to result in a
significant loss of foraging habitat for the aplomado falcon. Indirect beneficial impacts are anticipated due to the
reduction in illegal alien traffic in the corridor. Cultural and Historic Resources: Based on the current investigation
two border monuments are the only historic properties within the project corridor which are eligible for listing on
the National Register of Historic Places. The monuments would not be directly impacted due to the construction
activities as the monuments would be protected with temporary fencing. Indirect effects to known and unknown
cultural resource sites would be both beneficial and adverse. In the area immediately north of the project corridor,
the PF would protect known and unknown resources by reducing the amount of illegal alien traffic. Conversely,
adverse indirect impacts to cultural resource sites could occur in the other areas where illegal aliens attempt to
circumvent the PF.
Project ID: D-5B State: AZ Station: NGL Location: NGL 1mi E to 6mi E of POE Approx. Length (mi): 5.16
Potential Impacts and Benefits: Construct a 5 mile long PF along the U.S./Mexico Border in support of the National
Strategy. The fence will start one mile to the east of the DeConcini POE and run to the Santa Cruz River area. This
fence is designed to prevent illegal aliens and vehicles from entering the United States undetected and unabated.
Along the route of the project are several sites that are notoriously used by NTO that drive vehicle laden with illegal
drugs into the country.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: There would be a minor insignificant direct
impact on land use upon implementation of the Proposed Action Alternative as 55 acres of private rangeland would
be converted to TI and a law enforcement zone due to the construction of D-5B and D-6. There would be a
temporary direct impact on 26 acres of land used for equipment staging, but the land would return to its original
functions following the construction period. There could be indirect effects outside of the project corridor as illegal
aliens attempt to circumvent the proposed infrastructure. Indirect beneficial effects are expected as a result of
decreased illegal traffic north of the project corridor. By reducing illegal traffic within and adjacent to the project
corridor, damage to grazing lands north would also be reduced or possibly eliminated. Air Quality: The
construction of D-5B and D-6 are anticipated to result in a minimal and temporary impact on local air quality.
During construction, fugitive dust levels would increase within the region of impact. However, these emissions
would be below the de minimis threshold and would further be minimized through the use of dust suppression
techniques. No significant long-term impact on air quality is expected as a result of the Proposed Action.
Vegetation: The construction of sections D-5B and D-6 would result in the permanent loss of 55 acres of
vegetation, which includes 49 acres of Scrub-Grassland, 3 acres of Riparian Deciduous Forest and Woodland, and 3
acres of Cottonwood-Willow. The Cottonwood-Willow community is important habitat to many riparian wildlife
and aquatic species. Therefore, loss of this community is undesirable and would require compensatory mitigation
under the Section 404 permit process. Storage of equipment and materials at the temporary staging areas would
result in the temporary disturbance of 26 acres of the common Scrub-Grassland community. Operation of
temporary lighting would result in negligible indirect impacts on vegetation adjacent to the project corridor. The
impact on vegetation communities from the temporary lighting would not inhibit ecological processes, population
size, or individual fecundity of any plant species adjacent to the project corridor. Surface Waters and Waters of the
U.S.: Implementation of the Proposed Action Alternative would result in minor, temporary impact on surface water
resources from sedimentation and erosion caused by construction. However, this impact would be minimized
through the use of pre- and post-construction best management practices. The construction of sections D-5B and D-
6 would result in the impact to 27 potentially jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. for a total impact to .3 acres of
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wetlands. It is anticipated that effects to wetlands or Waters of the U.S. would be offset by appropriate mitigation
measures as identified in the Clean Water Act Section 404 permitting process and Section 401 Water Quality
Certification. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Direct impacts to wildlife would occur as a result of the loss of 55
acres of habitat due to the construction of the PF and maintenance road for sections D-5B and D-6. This impact
would be negligible due to existing disturbances and the vast areas of similar habitat north of the project corridor.
There would be moderate impacts associated with the restriction of transboundary movement of wildlife. The use of
a bollard-style fence with openings large enough to allow transboundary migration of small mammals and reptiles
will reduce the impacts. The loss of .3 acre of aquatic habitat would be offset by the indirect benefits of reduced
illegal traffic and any mitigation recurred under the Section 404 permit process. There could be an indirect adverse
impact on wildlife in other areas along the southwest border if illegal aliens choose to cross the border at other
locations. Beneficial effects on wildlife populations are anticipated as a result of the reduction in illegal pedestrian
traffic and consequent USBP enforcement actions to wildlife habitats located north of the project corridor.
Threatened and Endangered Species: Pedestrian surveys for threatened and endangered species will be conducted
prior to construction. There is the potential for jaguar, lesser long-nosed bat, and Pima pineapple cactus to occur
within the project corridor. In the event that protected species are found within the project corridor, CBP will enter
into formal Section 7 consultation with USFWS. Avoidance will be the conservation measure. In coordination with
USFWS, CBP is in the process of identifying best management practices and conservation measures for impacts to
protected species which cannot be avoided. Cultural and Historic Resources: Two historic properties are known to
occur within the D-5B and D-6 project corridor. These properties would not be directly affected by construction
activities as a temporary barrier would be placed around them during construction and all earth work within the
proximity of the historic resources would be supervised by a qualified archaeologist. Pedestrian surveys and section
106 coordination with the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office would take place prior to construction.
Project ID: D-6 State: AZ Station: NGL Location: E Deconcini POE Approx. Length (mi): 2.23
Potential Impacts and Benefits: The fence will start near the east bank of the Santa Cruz River and run to a section
of land bound by the U.S. Forest Service. This fence is designed to prevent illegal aliens and vehicles from entering
the United States undetected and unabated. Along the route of the project are several sites that are notoriously used
by NTO that drive vehicle laden with illegal drugs into the country. This area is known for shootouts with law
enforcement officers and aggressive dangerous maneuvers as they attempt to elude officers.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: There would be a minor insignificant direct
impact on land use upon implementation of the Proposed Action Alternative as 55 acres of private rangeland would
be converted to TI and a law enforcement zone due to the construction of D-5B and D-6. There would be a
temporary direct impact on 26 acres of land used for equipment staging, but the land would return to its original
functions following the construction period. There could be indirect effects outside of the project corridor as illegal
aliens attempt to circumvent the proposed infrastructure. Indirect beneficial effects are expected as a result of
decreased illegal traffic north of the project corridor. By reducing illegal traffic within and adjacent to the project
corridor, damage to grazing lands north would also be reduced or possibly eliminated. Air Quality: The
construction of D-5B and D-6 are anticipated to result in a minimal and temporary impact on local air quality.
During construction, fugitive dust levels would increase within the region of impact. However, these emissions
would be below the de minimis threshold and would further be minimized through the use of dust suppression
techniques. No significant long-term impact on air quality is expected as a result of the Proposed Action.
Vegetation: The construction of sections D-5B and D-6 would result in the permanent loss of 55 acres of
vegetation, which includes 49 acres of Scrub-Grassland, 3 acres of Riparian Deciduous Forest and Woodland, and 3
acres of Cottonwood-Willow. The Cottonwood-Willow community is important habitat to many riparian wildlife
and aquatic species. Therefore, loss of this community is undesirable and would require compensatory mitigation
under the Section 404 permit process. Storage of equipment and materials at the temporary staging areas would
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result in the temporary disturbance of 26 acres of the common Scrub-Grassland community. Operation of
temporary lighting would result in negligible indirect impacts on vegetation adjacent to the project corridor. The
impact on vegetation communities from the temporary lighting would not inhibit ecological processes, population
size, or individual fecundity of any plant species adjacent to the project corridor. Surface Waters and Waters of the
U.S.: Implementation of the Proposed Action Alternative would result in minor, temporary impact on surface water
resources from sedimentation and erosion caused by construction. However, this impact would be minimized
through the use of pre- and post-construction best management practices. The construction of sections D-5B and D-
6 would result in the impact to 27 potentially jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. for a total impact to .3 acres of
wetlands. It is anticipated that effects to wetlands or Waters of the U.S. would be offset by appropriate mitigation
measures as identified in the Clean Water Act Section 404 permitting process and Section 401 Water Quality
Certification. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Direct impacts to wildlife would occur as a result of the loss of 55
acres of habitat due to the construction of the PF and maintenance road for sections D-5B and D-6. This impact
would be negligible due to existing disturbances and the vast areas of similar habitat north of the project corridor.
There would be moderate impacts associated with the restriction of transboundary movement of wildlife. The use of
a bollard-style fence with openings large enough to allow transboundary migration of small mammals and reptiles
will reduce the impacts. The loss of .3 acre of aquatic habitat would be offset by the indirect benefits of reduced
illegal traffic and any mitigation recurred under the Section 404 permit process. There could be an indirect adverse
impact on wildlife in other areas along the southwest border if illegal aliens choose to cross the border at other
locations. Beneficial effects on wildlife populations are anticipated as a result of the reduction in illegal pedestrian
traffic and consequent USBP enforcement actions to wildlife habitats located north of the project corridor.
Threatened and Endangered Species: Pedestrian surveys for threatened and endangered species will be conducted
prior to construction. There is the potential for jaguar, lesser long-nosed bat, and Pima pineapple cactus to occur
within the project corridor. In the event that protected species are found within the project corridor, CBP will enter
into formal Section 7 consultation with USFWS. Avoidance will be the conservation measure. In coordination with
USFWS, CBP is in the process of identifying best management practices and conservation measures for impacts to
protected species which cannot be avoided. Cultural and Historic Resources: Two historic properties are known to
occur within the D-5B and D-6 project corridor. These properties would not be directly affected by construction
activities as a temporary barrier would be placed around them during construction and all earth work within the
proximity of the historic resources would be supervised by a qualified archaeologist. Pedestrian surveys and section
106 coordination with the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office would take place prior to construction.
Project ID: E-2A State: AZ Station: NCO Location: NCO 17.75mi W to San Pedro River Approx. Length (mi): 6.44
Two Elementary Schools and a Middle School in close proximity of the border in this area. There is also a Bible
College in this area and a Catholic Chapel/Shrine. Based on their close proximity to the border any of these
educational facilities could be exploited as a target for terrorist activity.
Potential Impacts and Benefits: There are three recreation areas adjoining the border in this area. Coronado
National Memorial, the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, and the Coronado National Forest
(Huachuca Mountains). (b) (7)(E)
The amount of alien trash discarded within all three recreation areas is monumental.
The “funneling effect” of other infrastructure projects is being felt in this area. Several other areas that were utilized
by narcotics smuggling organizations now have completed fencing. Naco Agents are now seeing narcotics
smuggling activity daily within the E2A project area, due to other areas being closed off. This area has already seen
more drive-thrus in the first 3.5 months of FY 2008 than in the entire last fiscal year. The “removable VF” should
be added within the 100 year flood plain of the San Pedro River to slow the upward trend in drive-thru narcotics
traffic.
This project area is a major narcotics smuggling corridor and always has been. The Big Sandy drive thru area is
within this fence project area. Recent housing constructed allows rapid concealment of both narcotics and illegal
aliens once an entry has been made. (b) (7)(E)
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(b) (7)(E)
The Huachuca Mountains have become a major smuggling corridor for narcotics mules and large groups of other-
than-Mexican aliens.
Vanishing Time: The population immediately north of the E-2A project area is booming. What was once mostly
ranch land is now mostly rural housing. A large upscale housing area is under development right now. (b) (7)(E)
Along with Illegal Alien foot traffic, narcotics are also smuggled in this project area as well.
(b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: Construction of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1
projects would result in the permanent change in use 542 acres of rangeland, open space, and growth area to border
enforcement. However since the majority of the land is currently utilized as rangeland and/or designated as the
Roosevelt Reservation which is primarily used by the USBP for enforcement operations, the impact to land use
would be minimal. Approximately 5 acres of prime farmland would be directly impacted by the implementation of
the Proposed Action. Air Quality: Since Cochise County is classified as a nonattainment area for SO2 and PM10.
However, emissions as a result of the construction activities are not expected to exceed de minimis thresholds.
While minor short-term impacts would result from the implementation of the Proposed Action, ambient conditions
would be expected to return shortly after cessation of the construction activities. Vegetation: Through the
implementation of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects, a total of 402 acres of undisturbed vegetation would be
permanently altered. The greatest effects would occur to the semi-desert grassland shrub community and the
Chihuahuan scrub vegetation community. Both of these are common Arizona plant communities and therefore this
represents a less than significant impact. The project would also impact 1.6 acres of riparian scrub. Although these
communities are not common in southern Arizona, the implementation of this project will protect hundreds of acres
of interior riparian scrub upstream of the impact zone by reducing the drive-through activity and traffic of illegal
aliens. Minimal or no affects are expected to vegetation communities outside the project corridor. Surface Waters
and Waters of the U.S.: Temporary impacts to surface waters would occur as a result of increased turbidity, erosion
and sedimentation within the river basin due to the construction of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects. These impacts
would be reduced through the implementation of best management practices. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources:
Implementation of the Preferred Alternative would result in the direct loss of 402 acres of undisturbed wildlife
habitat within the project corridor. The remaining area, 124 acres, is already disturbed and not suitable as wildlife
habitat. The majority of the habitats lost and all of the wildlife species that will directly be impacted by the project
construction are relatively common and are present in large numbers in southern Arizona. Direct impacts to wildlife
in the project corridor are not expected to be significant. Threatened and Endangered Species: Designated critical
habitat for the Mexican spotted owl does occur within the project corridor, but not within the proposed construction
area. Therefore, no direct impacts to the Mexican spotted owls are expected. A portion of the San Pedro River is
designated as spikedace and loach minnow critical habitat and would be impacted by the proposed construction
activities. Approximately 0.2 acres of critical habitat would be impacted and require mitigation or compensation.
There is the remote potential for the project activities to affect the jaguar. Cultural and Historic Resources: There
are 14 potentially eligible archaeological sites present within the project corridor affected by the Proposed Action.
Two of the eligible sites have already undergone mitigation from previous projects. Twelve National Register of
Historic Places eligible sites would experience significant adverse impacts as a result of the construction of the E-
2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects. Mitigation measures including data recovery and testing of potentially eligible sites
would be conducted.
Project ID: E-2B State: AZ Station: NCO Location: Monument 97 to 4.75mi W of POE Approx. Length (mi): 6.94
Potential Impacts and Benefits: An area heavily used by drive-thru organizations in past years. The area consists of
mostly ranchland with a few residences. Most alien traffic funnels toward the San Pedro Riparian National
Conservation Area after entry and as it progresses north from the immediate border. All drainages west of Naco,
Arizona lead to the San Pedro, and the alien traffic normally follows the drainages. Due to the necessary clearing
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and grubbing of the land in preparation of fence construction and constructed low water crossings, Naco Agents now
have better vehicle access to the border in this area than ever before.
So far this year, due to the fence being nearly complete, there have been no drive-thrus in this area.
Vanishing Time: (b) (7)(E) .
Land Use: Construction of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects would result in the permanent change in use 542 acres
of rangeland, open space, and growth area to border enforcement. However since the majority of the land is
currently utilized as rangeland and/or designated as the Roosevelt Reservation which is primarily used by the USBP
for enforcement operations, the impact to land use would be minimal. Approximately 5 acres of prime farmland
would be directly impacted by the implementation of the Proposed Action. Air Quality: Since Cochise County is
classified as a nonattainment area for SO2 and PM10. However, emissions as a result of the construction activities
are not expected to exceed de minimis thresholds. While minor short-term impacts would result from the
implementation of the Proposed Action, ambient conditions would be expected to return shortly after cessation of
the construction activities. Vegetation: Through the implementation of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects, a total of
402 acres of undisturbed vegetation would be permanently altered. The greatest effects would occur to the semi-
desert grassland shrub community and the Chihuahuan scrub vegetation community. Both of these are common
Arizona plant communities and therefore this represents a less than significant impact. The project would also
impact 1.6 acres of riparian scrub. Although these communities are not common in southern Arizona, the
implementation of this project will protect hundreds of acres of interior riparian scrub upstream of the impact zone
by reducing the drive-through activity and traffic of illegal aliens. Minimal or no affects are expected to vegetation
communities outside the project corridor. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Temporary impacts to surface
waters would occur as a result of increased turbidity, erosion and sedimentation within the river basin due to the
construction of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects. These impacts would be reduced through the implementation of
best management practices. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Implementation of the Preferred Alternative would
result in the direct loss of 402 acres of undisturbed wildlife habitat within the project corridor. The remaining area,
124 acres, is already disturbed and not suitable as wildlife habitat. The majority of the habitats lost and all of the
wildlife species that will directly be impacted by the project construction are relatively common and are present in
large numbers in southern Arizona. Direct impacts to wildlife in the project corridor are not expected to be
significant. Threatened and Endangered Species: Designated critical habitat for the Mexican spotted owl does
occur within the project corridor, but not within the proposed construction area. Therefore, no direct impacts to the
Mexican spotted owls are expected. A portion of the San Pedro River is designated as spikedace and loach minnow
critical habitat and would be impacted by the proposed construction activities. Approximately 0.2 acres of critical
habitat would be impacted and require mitigation or compensation. There is the remote potential for the project
activities to affect the jaguar. Cultural and Historic Resources: There are 14 potentially eligible archaeological sites
present within the project corridor affected by the Proposed Action. Two of the eligible sites have already
undergone mitigation from previous projects. Twelve National Register of Historic Places eligible sites would
experience significant adverse impacts as a result of the construction of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects.
Mitigation measures including data recovery and testing of potentially eligible sites would be conducted.
Project ID: E-3 State: AZ Station: NCO Location: NCO 3.4mi E to 12.4mi E of POE Approx. Length (mi): 5.07
Potential Impacts and Benefits: This area is a major alien smuggling route and a major drive-through area. Roads
are in close proximity to the border within this project area. (b) (7)(E)
This area is the seam between the Naco and Douglas Station AORs.

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Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: The majority of the project corridor for project
E-3 is within the Roosevelt Reservation, which is currently used for USBP operations and would continue
unchanged. However, the land over Limestone Ridge is not within the Roosevelt Reservation and is considered
marginal rangeland. Approximately 3 acres of marginal rangeland would be impacted as a result of the Proposed
Action. Indirect impacts to land use could occur outside of the project corridor as illegal aliens attempt to
circumvent the proposed infrastructure. Air Quality: Cochise County is classified as a maintenance area for sulfur
dioxide and a marginal nonattainment area for particulate matter. The proposed construction activities would not
exceed de minimis thresholds and would not require a Conformity Determination. Vegetation: Up to 3 acres of
permanent impacts would occur as a result of the construction of the E-3 project. The majority of the project
footprint is previously disturbed and the vegetation is regionally and locally common. Thus, no significant impact
would be expected. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: The E-3 project corridor crosses two ephemeral
streams which are considered potential jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. As a result, constriction activities would
require Clean Water Act Section 404 permits from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
Regulatory Branch and Section 401 water quality certification from the Arizona Department of Environmental
Quality. The drainage structures planned for the roadway and fence would stabilize existing erosion problems and
not create additional erosion to the washes that cross the project corridor. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: The
Preferred Action Alternative would convert 3 acres of wildlife habitat to a USBP patrol road and PF. However, this
type of wildlife habitat is abundant locally and regionally and the loss would result in negligible impacts to the
overall viability of wildlife species in the project region. Threatened and Endangered Species: The nearby Mule
Mountains are considered suitable habitat for jaguars, a protected species. If jaguars looking to move into the Mule
Mountains from Mexico could traverse the project area, the proposed PF would be an impediment to this movement.
For this reason, CBP has determined that this project may affect and is likely to adversely affect the jaguar.
Potential foraging habitat occurs in the areas north of the project corridor for the lesser long-nosed bat. No mines or
caves that could serve as roosting sites were observed in the project area. However, the Proposed Action could
remove eight individual agave, a food source for the lesser long-nosed bat. As a result, CBP will replace the agave
at a 2:1 ration. CBP has determined that the Preferred Action may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect, the
lesser long-nosed bat. Cultural and Historic Resources: Two potentially significant cultural resource sites could be
impacted by the fence construction, depending upon the final design and construction method of the fence. Section
106 compliance would be completed prior to construction near these sites.
Project ID: F-1 State: AZ Station: NCO Location: From existing fence to Kings Ranch Approx. Length (mi): 0.97
Potential Impacts and Benefits: Operational requirements necessitate constructing a Pedestrian/Bollard fence along
the U.S./Mexico Border to include all necessary road improvements and redesign to accommodate the amount of
water flow that occurs in the area in question. The fence will start at Plantation road and the International Boundary
(approximately 4 miles west of the Douglas Arizona POE) and continue westbound for approximately 1 mile where
it will join the 10-46 Fence at Kings Highway and the International Boundary. This fence is designed to prevent
illegal aliens and vehicles from entering the United States while providing a means for water to continue its natural
course.
Construction of this fence will complete the Douglas AOR on the west side with regards to PF and will act as a
“force multiplier” by allowing more agents who would normally patrol this area to deploy to more remote areas in
an effort to bring them under manageable control. If constructed the Douglas Station Westside AOR would no
longer have open areas where a smuggler could simply drive or walk across the border.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: Construction of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1
projects would result in the permanent change in use 542 acres of rangeland, open space, and growth area to border
enforcement. However since the majority of the land is currently utilized as rangeland and/or designated as the
Roosevelt Reservation which is primarily used by the USBP for enforcement operations, the impact to land use
would be minimal. Approximately 5 acres of prime farmland would be directly impacted by the implementation of
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the Proposed Action. Air Quality: Since Cochise County is classified as a nonattainment area for SO2 and PM10.
However, emissions as a result of the construction activities are not expected to exceed de minimis thresholds.
While minor short-term impacts would result from the implementation of the Proposed Action, ambient conditions
would be expected to return shortly after cessation of the construction activities. Vegetation: Through the
implementation of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects, a total of 402 acres of undisturbed vegetation would be
permanently altered. The greatest effects would occur to the semi-desert grassland shrub community and the
Chihuahuan scrub vegetation community. Both of these are common Arizona plant communities and therefore this
represents a less than significant impact. The project would also impact 1.6 acres of riparian scrub. Although these
communities are not common in southern Arizona, the implementation of this project will protect hundreds of acres
of interior riparian scrub upstream of the impact zone by reducing the drive-through activity and traffic of illegal
aliens. Minimal or no affects are expected to vegetation communities outside the project corridor. Surface Waters
and Waters of the U.S.: Temporary impacts to surface waters would occur as a result of increased turbidity, erosion
and sedimentation within the river basin due to the construction of the E-2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects. These impacts
would be reduced through the implementation of best management practices. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources:
Implementation of the Preferred Alternative would result in the direct loss of 402 acres of undisturbed wildlife
habitat within the project corridor. The remaining area, 124 acres, is already disturbed and not suitable as wildlife
habitat. The majority of the habitats lost and all of the wildlife species that will directly be impacted by the project
construction are relatively common and are present in large numbers in southern Arizona. Direct impacts to wildlife
in the project corridor are not expected to be significant. Threatened and Endangered Species: Designated critical
habitat for the Mexican spotted owl does occur within the project corridor, but not within the proposed construction
area. Therefore, no direct impacts to the Mexican spotted owls are expected. A portion of the San Pedro River is
designated as spikedace and loach minnow critical habitat and would be impacted by the proposed construction
activities. Approximately 0.2 acres of critical habitat would be impacted and require mitigation or compensation.
There is the remote potential for the project activities to affect the jaguar. Cultural and Historic Resources: There
are 14 potentially eligible archaeological sites present within the project corridor affected by the Proposed Action.
Two of the eligible sites have already undergone mitigation from previous projects. Twelve National Register of
Historic Places eligible sites would experience significant adverse impacts as a result of the construction of the E-
2A, E-2B, and F-1 projects. Mitigation measures including data recovery and testing of potentially eligible sites
would be conducted.
El Paso Sector
The El Paso BP Sector contacted numerous individual landowners in regards to
PF-225 projects. Most landowners were contacted in regards to access areas for fence
construction as Southern New Mexico consists almost entirely of Roosevelt Easement
and immediate border areas in West Texas are controlled by the International Boundary
and Water Commission (IBWC) and/or local Water Districts.
The BP held town hall meetings in Animas, Sunland Park, and Deming, New Mexico.
Town hall meetings were also held in El Paso and Fort Hancock, Texas. In addition, the
Sector met with public groups in Deming and Alamogordo, New Mexico. Thirteen
public forum events were held with local officials, including city councils and
representatives of utilities, Tribes, universities, and law enforcement agencies
representing the States of New Mexico and Texas.
A Supplemental Environmental Assessment (SEA) specifically for potential fencing in

the area of Deming, New Mexico, was released to the public on January 18, 2007. A
SEA was also released and a FONSI was completed on December 31, 2007, for the K-1
projects. Another Supplemental Environmental Assessment is being prepared for the
remaining areas of West Texas in the El Paso Sector and is expected to be released on
February 18, 2008. A public open house meeting has been tentatively scheduled for
February 28, 2008, to solicit public comments.
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fence segment under consideration within the El Paso Sector, as well as a brief analysis
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Project ID: H-2A State: NM Station: DNM Location: approx. 17 miles West of Columbus POE Approx. Length (mi):
beginning approx. 3 miles West of the POE 14.11
The Deming Station has historically been one of the busiest Stations in El Paso Sector. This is largely due to the
terrain features on either side of the Columbus, New Mexico (NM) POE. The town of Palomas, Chihuahua, Mexico
is also major transportation hub with several Mexican bus lines. The Alien Smuggling Organizations (ASOs) as
well as the Drug Smuggling Organizations (DSO’s) both have a well developed foot-hold in the immediate area.
Segments H-2A, I-1A, and I-1B are all located within the eastern half of Deming’s AOR. (b) (7)(E)
These 3 projects, combined with the technology package to follow, will

effectively raise the levels of control within the Deming Station AOR.
The Border Community of Las Palomas, Chihuahua, Mexico, directly influences the high percentage of illegal cross
border activity as it is the largest town on the Mexico/New Mexico border. It is a natural hub for illegal activity
attempting to enter the U.S. There are also two small farming communities west of Las Palomas, Las Palmas and
Las Chepas, that contribute to the smuggling infrastructure.
Las Palomas, Chihuahua, Mexico has a large population base with an infrastructure of roads, highways and
businesses conducive to support of large-scale alien smuggling operations between Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico
(south of El Paso, Texas) and Agua Prieta, Sonora, Mexico (south of Douglas, Arizona). Trucks, buses, taxis and
other conveyances transport people into Las Palomas on a daily basis. These people come to Palomas with the
intention of being smuggled into the U.S.
(b) (7)(E)
Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: The extension of approximately 14 miles of PF
would not result in any additional impact to land use as these areas are currently part of the 60-fott Roosevelt
Reservation which is designated for border enforcement. Air Quality: Temporary and minor increases in air
pollution would occur form the use of construction equipment and the disturbance of soils while constructing the PF.
Fugitive dust from disturbed soils and emissions from the construction equipment are expected to create temporary
increases in air pollution during the construction months of the project. Due to the short duration of the construction
project, any increases to, or effect on, ambient air quality are expected to be short-term. Vegetation: There would be
no additional impact to vegetation communities as a result of the implementation of the Proposed Action. The entire
60-foot Roosevelt Reservation has been or is being developed. The construction of the PF or the conversion of the
PVBs to PF would not require any additional vegetation clearing. The installation of a PF would protect vegetation
communities immediately north of the fence. Indirect effects on vegetation communities could occur if illegal
traffic attempts t circumvent the TI. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Since the construction activities for
project H-2A will involve conversion or replacement of PVBs and not additional road construction, there would be
no or negligible impacts to Waters of the U.S. Seventeen potential Waters of the U.S. have the potential to be
impacted under the Proposed Action which is a direct impact to less than 0.1 acre of impact to wetlands or Waters of
the U.S. Fence designs would be coordinated with USIBWC to ensure that international stream flow is not impeded
within either country and the proper conveyance of flood flows is achievable. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources:
Construction of the Proposed Action would result in a 30-mile seamless fence which hast the ability to serve as a
physical barrier to many wildlife species, particularly large mammals, resulting in habitat fragmentation. However,
the Proposed Action is located within or adjacent to previously disturbed areas. Openings in the fence would allow
for transboundary migration of small mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. Although the PF would result in habitat
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fragmentation, no significant adverse effects are anticipated. Threatened and Endangered Species: No designated
critical habitat exists within the project corridor; therefore, there would be no impact on critical habitats. Informal
Section 7 consultation was initiated with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serve in April of 2007. USFWS concurred with
CBP on the finding that the construction would not likely adversely affect protected species. Cultural and Historic
Resources: CBP will attempt to avoid sites of historical significance. Known historic sites will be marked with
barrier fencing. A qualified archeologist would be present to monitor construction activities and compliance routes.
Project ID: I-1A State: NM Station: DNM Location: DNM 1.5mi E to 3mi E of POE Approx. Length (mi): 2.56
Segments H-2A, I-1A, and I-1B are all located within the eastern half of the Deming Station’s AOR. The same
history, terrain, factors and statistics described for Project ID H-2A apply to this segment.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: The construction of section I-1A would not
result in any additional impacts to land use, as these areas are currently part of the 60-foot Roosevelt Reservation,
which is designated for border enforcement. There would be no change to land use as a result of this project. Air
Quality: Temporary and minor increases in air pollution would occur from the use of construction equipment and
disturbance of soils while constructing the PF. Fugitive dust (PM10) from disturbed soils and emissions from
construction equipment engines are expected to create temporary increases in air pollution in the area during the
construction months of the project. Due to the short duration of the construction project, any increases or impacts on
ambient air quality are expected to be short-term. Vegetation: Approximately 382 acres of common, natural
vegetation communities would permanently be converted to TI as a result of the I-1A project, and 350 acres of
temporarily impacted areas would be rehabilitated following construction. Impacts to vegetation communities would
not be significant as the construction activities and subsequent operations are not expected to inhibit ecological
processes, population size, population connectivity, migration, or individual fecundity of any plant species within
the project corridor. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Only minor temporary impacts to groundwater
resources would occur. Minor temporary impacts to surface flow, as a result of altered surface drainage and erosion
would be minimized by the use of appropriate best management practices. Appropriate permits (i.e., Department of
the Army Section 404 [NWPs or Individual Permits]) for drainage crossings would also be obtained as required.
Water usage would not cause a net deficit in aquifer volume, or lower the groundwater table. The actions would not
substantially alter existing drainage patterns or result in a permanent loss of wetlands or wetland function. Thus, the
Proposed Action Alternative would have an insignificant effect on the region’s water resources. No impacts to
jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. are anticipated as a result of the construction of I-1A. Wildlife and Aquatic
Resources: Construction of I-1A would result in minor additional impacts associated with restriction of
transboundary movement of wildlife. Upon completion of fence construction, a 6-mile seamless fence would serve
as a physical barrier to many wildlife species, particularly large mammals that migrate north and south of the border.
However, fragmentation is also a function of the degree of contrast in quality between the local habitat and its
surroundings. In this case, the project corridor is Chihuahuan Desertscrub habitat, and the location of the fence
would be in previously disturbed areas along an existing TI corridor near developed areas around Columbus, New
Mexico and Palomas, Chihuahua. Furthermore, within this 6-mile reach, two washes exist, which would require the
placement of fences designed to allow floodwaters to be conveyed. The openings in this style of fence would allow
for transboundary migration of small mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. Thus, PF would not affect the genetic
variability of small animals that are common to the locale within the foreseeable future. No significant adverse
effects are anticipated because these species are regionally common in both the U.S. and Mexico. Additionally,
wildlife habitat to the north of the project corridor would be beneficially impacted by the reduction in illegal
pedestrian traffic. Threatened and Endangered Species: While potential habitat occurs sporadically throughout
grassland habitats within the project corridor, no adverse effects to the Federally protected aplomado falcon are
expected. No designated critical habitat exists within the project corridor; therefore, no impacts to critical habitat
would occur. Cultural and Historic Resources: The project corridor bisects 36 archeological sites, many of which
are either eligible, or recommended eligible under the National Historic Preservation Act. Through the Section 106
consultation process, which is currently in progress, mitigation measures would be identified and implemented in
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order to (1) avoid sites to the extent practicable, (2) recover data, and (3) monitor construction activities to ensure
potential impacts are minimized. Prior to any construction activity, Section 106 compliance would be completed and
all mitigation measures would be implemented.
Project ID: I-1B State: NM Station: Location: 3mi E of POE to Luna County Line Approx. Length (mi): 9.89
DNM/STN
Segments H-2A, I-1A, and I-1B are all located within the eastern half of the Deming Station’s AOR. The same
history, terrain, factors and statistics described for Project ID H-2A apply to this segment.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: The extension of approximately 14 miles of PF
would not result in any additional impact to land use as these areas are currently part of the 60-fott Roosevelt
Reservation which is designated for border enforcement. Air Quality: Temporary and minor increases in air
pollution would occur form the use of construction equipment and the disturbance of soils while constructing the PF.
Fugitive dust from disturbed soils and emissions from the construction equipment are expected to create temporary
increases in air pollution during the construction months of the project. Due to the short duration of the construction
project, any increases to, or effect on, ambient air quality are expected to be short-term. Vegetation: There would be
no additional impact to vegetation communities as a result of the implementation of the Proposed Action. The entire
60-foot Roosevelt Reservation has been or is being developed. The construction of the PF or the conversion of the
PVBs to PF would not require any additional vegetation clearing. The installation of a PF would protect vegetation
communities immediately north of the fence. Indirect effects on vegetation communities could occur if illegal
traffic attempts t circumvent the TI. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Since the construction activities for
project H-2A will involve conversion or replacement of PVBs and not additional road construction, there would be
no or negligible impacts to Waters of the U.S. Seventeen potential Waters of the U.S. have the potential to be
impacted under the Proposed Action which is a direct impact to less than 0.1 acre of impact to wetlands or Waters of
the U.S. Fence designs would be coordinated with USIBWC to ensure that international stream flow is not impeded
within either country and the proper conveyance of flood flows is achievable. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources:
Construction of the Proposed Action would result in a 30-mile seamless fence which hast the ability to serve as a
physical barrier to many wildlife species, particularly large mammals, resulting in habitat fragmentation. However
the Proposed Action is located within or adjacent to previously disturbed areas. Openings in the fence would allow
for trans-boundary migration of small mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. Although the PF would result in habitat
fragmentation, no significant adverse effects are anticipated. Threatened and Endangered Species: No designated
critical habitat exists within the project corridor; therefore, there would be no impact on critical habitats. Informal
Section 7 consultation was initiated with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serve in April of 2007. USFWS concurred with
CBP on the finding that the construction would not likely adversely affect protected species. Cultural and Historic
Resources: CBP will attempt to avoid sites of historical significance. Known historic sites will be marked with
barrier fencing. A qualified archeologist would be present to monitor construction activities and compliance routes.
Project ID: J-1 State: NM Station: STN Location: STN 1mi W of POE Approx. Length (mi): 1.15
Colonia Rancho Anapra, Chihuahua, Mexico is a rural residential suburb of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico with
approximately 60,000 inhabitants. Approximately 19,000 residents inhabit the City of Sunland Park, NM.
Recent intelligence supports information that human traffickers and aliens are opting to illegally enter the United
States in the Santa Teresa AOR due to an entrenched network of organized smugglers in the area. (b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
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(b) (7)(E)
Areas immediately north of the Santa Teresa POE consist of several rural communities that provide the
infrastructure to harbor and transport aliens. (b) (7)(E)
The planned development of a housing project
directly north of the POE will increase infrastructure necessary to harbor and transport both aliens and narcotics.
This improved urban area will greatly reduce the depth to tolerance ratio.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: No changes to land use would occur as the
Roosevelt Reservation is designated for border enforcement. Air Quality: No significant impacts to air quality are
expected as a result of the construction of J-1, J-2, and J-3. Although the proposed construction would cause
temporary and minor increases in air emissions from the use of construction equipment and the disturbance of soils
while installing the infrastructure. All emissions are expected to be temporary and below de minimis thresholds.
Long-term levels of fugitive dust in the project corridor would not increase significantly. Vegetation: Vegetation
within the project corridor consists of Chihuahuan desertscrub and Chihuahuan Semi-desert Grassland communities.
These communities would be directly impacted during the construction activities. Approximately 8 acres of
Chihuahuan desertscrub would be permanently converted to aesthetic fence and its associated maintenance road and
39 acres would be temporarily impacted. Impacts to the vegetation communities impacted are common and
abundant, both locally and throughout the Chihuahuan Desert. Impacts to vegetation communities would not be
significant, as the construction activities and subsequent operations are not expected to inhibit ecological processes,
population size, population connectivity, migration, or fecundity of any plant species within the project corridor.
Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Under the Proposed Action, insignificant amounts of water would be used
for construction activities. No impacts to wetlands or Waters of the U.S. are anticipated. There are no jurisdiction
Waters of the U.S. within the project corridor. The construction of the fence could alter natural sheetflow drainage
patterns if not constructed properly; however, proper design and stormwater retention/detention measures would be
incorporated to avoid impact. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: The construction of J-1, J-2, and J-3 would not have
any direct impacts to fish or other aquatic species. The proposed construction activities would not take place in
naturally flowing or standing water. The Proposed Action would result in approximately 8 acres of permanent and
39 acres of temporary direct impacts to wildlife habitat. Indirect beneficial and adverse impacts would occur due to
illegal aliens circumventing the aesthetic fence. Only minor impacts associated with restriction of transboundary
movement of wildlife would occur. Threatened and Endangered Species: No designated critical habitat exists
within the project corridor; therefore no direct impacts to critical habitat would occur. The construction of J-1, J-2,
and J-3 would have an insignificant impact on threatened and endangered species. Cultural and Historic Resources:
The construction of J-1, J-2, and J-3 would potentially impact sites determined eligible and potentially eligible for
listing on the National Register of Historic Places. In addition, indirect adverse impacts to cultural resources could
occur as illegal aliens travel to adjacent areas with less developed border infrastructure to avoid detection.
Avoidance and mitigation measures would be performed to minimize damage to cultural resources. Section 106
consultation and mitigation measures would be identified and implemented in order to minimize impacts.
Project ID: J-1 State: NM Station: STN Location: STN 1mi E of POE Approx. Length (mi): 1.15
Segments J-1, J-2, and J-3 are all located within the Santa Teresa Station’s AOR. The same terrain, factors and
statistics described for Project ID J-1 (above) apply to this segment.
Colonia Rancho Anapra, Chihuahua, Mexico is a rural residential suburb of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico with
approximately 60,000 inhabitants. Approximately 19,000 residents inhabit the City of Sunland Park, NM.
Recent intelligence supports information that human traffickers and aliens are opting to illegally enter the United
States in the Santa Teresa AOR due to an entrenched network of organized smugglers in the area. (b) (7)(E)
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(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
Areas immediately north of the Santa Teresa POE consist of several rural communities that provide the
infrastructure to harbor and transport aliens. (b) (7)(E)
The planned development of a housing project
directly north of the POE will increase infrastructure necessary to harbor and transport both aliens and narcotics.
This improved urban area will greatly reduce the depth to tolerance ratio.
Project ID: J2 State: NM Station: STN Location: West side of Blackie’s gate to west side of Approx. Length (mi): 3.49
the cattle pens
The terrain is generally level, consisting of scrub brush and loose arid sand. The sand base can vary from 2 feet to
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10 feet deep and maintaining drag roads are a huge challenge. (b) (7)(E)
Project ID: J-3 State: NM Station: STN Location: STN Blackie's Gate to W end Sunland Approx. Length (mi): 1.08
This area consists of a deep sand base with a natural valley that provides immediate access from Mexico into the
United States. (b) (7)(E)
Approximately a quarter mile of this area is located near the small border Colonia Rancho Anapra, Chihuahua,
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Mexico. The closest town in the United States is located about a quarter of a mile north. (b) (7)(E)
Apprehensions in the Santa Teresa AOR are up 37% from the previous year due to the shift in alien traffic patterns.
Project ID: K-1 State: TX Station: EPS Location: EPS Pumphouse to end of fence at Roadside Approx. Length (mi): 1.07
Park
The terrain throughout the El Paso Station AOR consists of predominately urban areas that include residential,
commercial, industrial areas, and mountainous rugged terrain at the west end. Paisano Drive parallels this area
mere feet from the international border. (b) (7)(E)
The City of Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, with a population of over 1.7 million, is located directly south of the El
Paso Station AOR. The close proximity of these two large cities enables smuggling organizations to take advantage
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of vast infrastructure. The El Paso Station area of operations includes 11.4 miles of river border, within the El Paso
corridor, from Monument One to Midway Crossover.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: No impacts would be expected as a result of the
construction of the K-1 project. The area is currently used by USIBWC personnel for canal and levee maintenance
and by USBP agents as an access patrol road. The Proposed Action is consistent with the existing land uses within
the project corridor. Air Quality: Under the Proposed Action, the construction would generate temporary and minor
increases in hydrocarbon emissions from the use of construction equipment and PM-10 from the disturbance of soils
while installing the PF. All emissions are expected to be short-term and below de minimis thresholds. Vegetation:
The Proposed Action would permanently impact approximately 6 acres of previously disturbed vegetation but this
impact would be minimal and insignificant as the area is regularly maintained by the USIBWC maintenance crews.
Indirect effects would continue due to shifts in illegal alien activities. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: The
construction of the K-1 project would not impact or altar natural drainage patterns; however, as the construction area
is on top of the levee, impacts to canal irrigation water are possible. There are no anticipated impacts to surface
water as a result of the K-1 project. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: The K-1 project would result in permanent
direct impacts to approximately 6 acres of low quality wildlife habitat; however impacts are expected to be minimal
as the area is heavily patrolled by USBP agents and USIBWC personnel. In addition, the available wildlife habitat
within the project corridor is poor quality due to the presence of Paisano Drie and the man-made American Canal,
its levees, existing roads, lighting structures, fencing, and illegal traffic. The Proposed Action would not result in
direct impacts to fish or other aquatic species because the Proposed Action would not take place in naturally flowing
or standing water. Threatened and Endangered Species: No designated critical habitat exists within the project
corridor. No impacts to threatened or endangered species or their habitat are expected. No suitable habitat is within
the project corridor. All construction would occur within previously disturbed and urbanized areas. Cultural and
Historic Resources: No impacts to cultural resources are anticipated as a result of the implementation of K-1
project. There are no known cultural or historic resources eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic
Places within the project corridor.
Project ID: K-1 State: TX Station: EPS Location: EPS End of fence at Roadside Park to Approx. Length (mi): 0.65
Headgates
This segment is located within the El Paso Station’s AOR. The terrain in this area has earth banks and flat river
vegas on both sides of the Rio Grande River. The Rio Grander River vegas are covered with sparse to dense brush
and the river is generally void of significant water flow. (b) (7)(E)
increases in hydrocarbon emissions from the use of construction equipment and PM10 from the disturbance of soils
000376
Project ID: K-1 State: TX Station: EPS Location: EPS Headgates to West RR bridge Approx. Length (mi): 1.26
This segment is located within the El Paso Station’s AOR. The terrain in this area has earth banks and flat river
and the river is generally void of significant water flow (b) (7)(E)
increases in hydrocarbon emissions from the use of construction equipment and PM10 from the disturbance of soils
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Project ID: K-2A State: TX Station: YST Location: 1mi E of US 54 to Socorro Headgates Approx. Length (mi): 9.60
This segment is located within the El Paso and Ysleta Stations’ AOR. The terrain in this area has earth banks and
flat river vegas on both sides of the Rio Grande River. The Rio Grander River vegas are covered with sparse to
dense brush and the river is generally void of significant water flow. (b) (7)(E)
This river in this area is
a dry riverbed throughout most of the year. An irrigation canal with powerful currents parallels this section of the
border. (b) (7)(E) (b) (7)(E)
The City of Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, with a population of over 1.7 million, is located directly south of
the El Paso Station and Ysleta Station AOR. The close proximity of these two large cities enables smuggling
organizations to take advantage of vast infrastructure.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: The Proposed Action is compatible with existing
land uses and no direct effect to land use would occur. Indirect beneficial effects would occur due to the reduced
illegal traffic from crossing illegal aliens and resulting damage to adjacent agricultural fields. Air Quality: El Paso
County is classified as a non-attainment area for carbon monoxide and particulate matter air quality standards. The
proposed construction of the K-2A project would not result in direct or indirect emissions which would exceed de
minimis thresholds. Any impacts to air quality would be temporary and negligible in nature. Vegetation: Because
the project corridor has already been disturbed from levee and canal construction, impacts to native vegetation
would be negligible. Beneficial indirect effects would be expected as illegal traffic is reduced or eliminated once
the TI is completed. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: The construction of fence section K-2A is not
expected to directly impact surface water resources and no activities would take place in jurisdictional waters of the
U.S. Any impacts are anticipated to be minimal. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Direct impacts to wildlife are
expected as a result of the operation of the high intensity lighting. Shielding will be used to minimize impacts to
species movements or migration corridors. The lighting will not illuminate the top of the levee or behind it;
therefore there will not be impacts to wildlife north of the levee. Due to the presence of the continuous canal north
of the USIBWC levee in addition to the Rio Grande, the fence construction is not anticipated to impact wildlife
migration corridors. Threatened and Endangered Species: No threatened or endangered species were observed in
the project corridor during site visits and designated critical habitat does not exist in the project corridor. Impacts to
threatened and endangered species are not anticipated as a result of the construction of the fence section. Cultural
and Historic Resources: The project area has been previously disturbed as a result of the construction of the
USIBWC levee and irrigation canal. Impacts to cultural and historical resources are not anticipated. Light switches
will be installed to provide access to unlighted landscape near the Rio Grande for Ysleta del Sur Pueblo tribal
ceremonies.
Project ID: K- State: TX Station: YST Location: Socorro Headgates to 1 mi W of FAB POE Approx. Length (mi): 2.33
2B&C.1
This segment in within the Ysleta Station AOR. The terrain in this area has earth banks and flat river vegas on both
sides of the Rio Grande River. The Rio Grander River vegas are covered with sparse to dense brush and the river is
generally void of significant water flow making it a dry riverbed (b) (7)(E)
The Rio Bosque Wetlands Wildlife Refuge is located approximately 75 yards north of the international boundary in
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this area. This area is extensively dense with trees and brush. . (b) (7)(E)
proposed construction of the K-2B&C project would not result in direct or indirect emissions which would exceed
de minimis thresholds. Any impacts to air quality would be temporary and negligible in nature. Vegetation:
Because the project corridor has already been disturbed from levee and canal construction, impacts to native
vegetation would be negligible. Beneficial indirect effects would be expected as illegal traffic is reduced or
eliminated once the TI is completed. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: The construction of fence section K-
2B&C is not expected to directly impact surface water resources and no activities would take place in jurisdictional
waters of the U.S. Any impacts are anticipated to be minimal. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Direct impacts to
wildlife are expected as a result of the operation of the high intensity lighting. Shielding will be used to minimize
impacts to species movements or migration corridors. The lighting will not illuminate the top of the levee or behind
it; therefore there will not be impacts to wildlife north of the levee. Due to the presence of the continuous canal
north of the USIBWC levee in addition to the Rio Grande, the fence construction is not anticipated to impact
wildlife migration corridors. Threatened and Endangered Species: No threatened or endangered species were
observed in the project corridor during site visits and designated critical habitat does not exist in the project corridor.
Impacts to threatened and endangered species are not anticipated as a result of the construction of the fence section.
Cultural and Historic Resources: The project area has been previously disturbed as a result of the construction of the
USIBWC levee and irrigation canal. Impacts to cultural and historical resources are not anticipated.
Project ID: K- State: TX Station: YST Location: North of canal Approx. Length (mi): 7.63
2B&C.2
This segment of the project is within the Ysleta Station AOR. The terrain in this area has earth banks and flat river
and the river is generally void of significant water flow making it a dry riverbed (b) (7)(E)
Along the Rio Grande
River, the flood plain is flat with river vegetation. In addition, the Riverside Canals and the levee parallel the
international boundary approximately 100 yards north of the Rio Grande River. (b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)

000379
eliminated once the TI is completed. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: The construction of fence section K-
USIBWC levee and irrigation canal. Impacts to cultural and historical resources are not anticipated. Ysleta Station
ranked as the third busiest station within the El Paso Sector (El Paso Station is second). This activity indicates that
illegal cross-border traffic is shifting from the Fabens Corridor (East) towards the El Paso Corridor (West).
Project ID: K- State: TX Station: YST Location: South of canal Approx. Length (mi): 9.47
2B&C.3
This segment of the project is within the Ysleta and Fabens Stations’ AOR that consists of rural areas. The terrain in
this area has earth banks and flat river vegas on both sides of the Rio Grande River. The Rio Grander River vegas
are covered with sparse to dense brush and the river is generally void of significant water flow making it a dry
riverbed (b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
eliminated once the TI is completed. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S. The construction of fence section K-
000380
USIBWC levee and irrigation canal. Impacts to cultural and historical resources are not anticipated. Ysleta Station
ranked as the third busiest station within the El Paso Sector (El Paso Station is second). This activity indicates that
illegal cross-border traffic is shifting from the Fabens Corridor (East) towards the El Paso Corridor (West).
Project ID: K-3 State: TX Station: FBN Location: FAB 1mi W to 3mi E of POE Approx. Length (mi): 9.03
This segment of the project is within the Fabens Station AOR that consists of rural areas. The terrain in this area has
earth banks and flat river vegas on both sides of the Rio Grande River. The Rio Grander River vegas are covered
with sparse to dense brush and the river is generally void of significant water flow making it a dry riverbed (b) (7)
(E)
San Ysidro, San Augustin, El Million, Reforma, Caseta, Guadalupe, San Ignacio and Loma Blanca are small towns
south of the Fabens Station AOR along the international boundary located east of Ciudad. Juarez, Mexico. This
infrastructure has historically supported the alien smuggling organizations with drop-houses and staging points.
These smuggling organizations are based in Juarez, Mexico where prospective crossers are recruited, housed and
then transported to these small communities. The Juarez-Porvenir Highway travels southeast from Ciudad. Juarez,
whose population is about 1.7 million, and parallels the international border providing easy access to these towns.
(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
Vanishing Points: (b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following: Land Use: The Proposed Action is compatible with existing
proposed construction of the K-3 project would not result in direct or indirect emissions which would exceed de
000381
the TI is completed. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: The construction of fence section K-3 is not expected
to directly impact surface water resources and no activities would take place in jurisdictional waters of the U.S. Any
impacts are anticipated to be minimal. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Direct impacts to wildlife are expected as a
result of the operation of the high intensity lighting. Shielding will be used to minimize impacts to species
movements or migration corridors. The lighting will not illuminate the top of the levee or behind it; therefore there
will not be impacts to wildlife north of the levee. Due to the presence of the continuous canal north of the USIBWC
levee in addition to the Rio Grande, the fence construction is not anticipated to impact wildlife migration corridors.
Threatened and Endangered Species: No threatened or endangered species were observed in the project corridor
during site visits and designated critical habitat does not exist in the project corridor. Impacts to threatened and
endangered species are not anticipated as a result of the construction of the fence section. Cultural and Historic
Resources: The project area has been previously disturbed as a result of the construction of the USIBWC levee and
irrigation canal. Impacts to cultural and historical resources are not anticipated.
Project ID: K-4 State: TX Station: FBN Location: 3 mi E of Fabens to 1.5mi W of Fort Approx. Length (mi):
Hancock 13.48
This segment of the project is within the Fabens and Fort Hancock Stations’ AOR that consists of rural areas. The
terrain in this area has earth banks and flat river vegas on both sides of the Rio Grande River. The Rio Grander
River vegas are covered with sparse to dense brush and the river is generally void of significant water flow making
it a dry riverbed (b) (7)(E)
The area also consist of mountainous and desert landscape to include the Alamo Arroyo
which is responsible for channeling runoff water during the monsoon season into the Rio Grande River. (b) (7)
(E)
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Project ID: K-5 State: TX Station: FHT Location: FHT 1.5mi W to 1.5mi E of POE Approx. Length (mi): 5.21
This segment of the project is within the Fort Hancock Station AOR that consists of farm and ranch land as well as
mountainous and desert landscape. The area continues with river vegas that are covered with dense brush and the
river is generally void of significant water flow. (b) (7)(E)
Marfa Sector
The Marfa BP Sector contacted six individual landowners and held a meeting with
members of the community at the Sector Headquarters. In addition, agents met with local
officials, including Presidio City and County representatives and Hudspeth County
representatives.
For potential fencing within the Marfa BP Sector, CBP drafted an Environmental
meeting was held in Marfa, Texas, on January 23, 2008.
000383
fence segment under consideration within the Marfa Sector, as well as a brief analysis of
Project ID: L-1 State: TX Station: SBT Location: Neely's Crossing Approx. Length (mi): 4.63
(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
In order for Marfa Sector to gain operational control of this area and to provide a safe secure border, the right
combination of personnel, technology, and infrastructure must be employed along this portion of the border. The
requested TI consists of both pedestrian and VFs installed along approximately 4.63 miles at Neely’s Crossing.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: Constructing the proposed TI would result in
long-term minor adverse impacts on land use. The community of Sierra Blanca will potentially be impacted by the
construction of the proposed TI. Air Quality: Minor, short term adverse impacts expected from construction
emissions and land disturbance from the proposed construction. No adverse impacts on local or regional air quality
are anticipated from maintenance activities. No net increase of greenhouse emissions is expected from the Proposed
Action. Vegetation: Within section L-1, construction grading would occur atop the short levee resulting in
approximately 34 acres of vegetation clearing and removal resulting in minor to moderate short-and long-term
adverse impacts on mostly nonnative shrub, grass, and forb communities dominated by salt-cedar, rabbitbrush,
seepweed, arrow weed, Bermuda grass, and Russian-thistle. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Short-term and
long-term negligible direct and indirect adverse effects on water quality would be expected as a result of
constructing the proposed TI. The proposed construction would increase impervious surface area and runoff
potential. Impacts on surface water and wetlands that are potentially jurisdictional waters of the U.S. would be
avoided to the maximum extent practicable. Impacts that cannot be avoided will be minimized and reviewed as a
part of the USACE 404 permit process. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Potential adverse impacts to wildlife
along the Marfa Sector include barrier to movement, interruption of corridors, increased human activity, and loss of
habitat. Although some incidental take may occur, wildlife populations within the proposed project corridor would
not be significantly impacted by implementation of the Proposed Action. In order to minimize the impacts to
migratory birds, best management practices will be implemented and a Migratory Bird Depredation Permit will be
obtained from USFWS. Removal of vegetation and grading during construction could temporarily increase siltation
in the river and therefore have short-term minor adverse impacts on fish within the Rio Grande. Threatened and
Endangered Species: Potential adverse impacts to wildlife along the Marfa Sector include barrier to movement,
interruption of corridors, increased human activity, and loss of habitat. Although some incidental take may occur,
wildlife populations within the proposed project corridor would not be significantly impacted by implementation of
the Proposed Action. In order to minimize the impacts to migratory birds, best management practices will be
implemented and a Migratory Bird Depredation Permit will be obtained from USFWS. Removal of vegetation and
grading during construction could temporarily increase siltation in the river and therefore have short-term minor
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adverse impacts on fish within the Rio Grande. Cultural and Historic Resources: The construction of this proposed
fence section will pass through no known historic properties. Surveys are underway to determine if previously
unknown historic properties can be found in the project area.
Project ID: L-1A State: TX Station: PRS Location: Presidio POE to 3.2mi E of POE Approx. Length (mi): 3.28
(b) (7)(E)
The requested TI in this area incorporates utilizing existing infrastructure, with modification, to deter pedestrian
crossings. It also calls for lighting and sensor technology enhancing our ability to respond to incursions.
Recent border violence incidents, mainly rocking incidents, also help define the necessity for the deployment of TI.
This TI will be utilized to prevent future illegal crossings as it is believed that this area will be one of the last urban
areas where illegal immigrants will stage along the southwest border and attempt entry. Pre-planning and the
deployment of this TI will be a proactive step in gaining operational control of this area of operation, providing a
safe and secure border area, reducing crime, and improving the quality of life in this border community.
long-term minor adverse impacts on land use. The community of Presidio will potentially be impacted by the
are anticipated from maintenance activities. No net increase of greenhouse emissions are expected from the
Proposed Action. Vegetation: Within sections L-1A and L-1B, construction and clearing would occur south of and
adjacent to the tall levee resulting in approximately 44 acres of vegetation clearing and removal. Vegetation
clearing and removal within this section would result in minor to moderate short- and long-term adverse impacts on
mostly nonnative tree, shrub, grass, and forb communities dominated by salt-cedar, honey mesquite, Bermuda grass,
and Russian-thistle. Within sections L-1A and L-1B in particular, the completed fence would capture Russian-
thistle tumbleweeds communities in the area and that represent a fire hazard. Surface Waters and Waters of the
U.S.: Short-term and long-term negligible direct and indirect adverse effects on water quality would be expected as
a result of constructing the proposed TI. The proposed construction would increase impervious surface area and
runoff potential. Impacts on surface water and wetlands that are potentially jurisdictional waters of the U.S. would
be avoided to the maximum extent practicable. Impacts that cannot be avoided will be minimized and reviewed as a
Endangered Species: Under the Proposed Action, for section L-1A and L-1B, construction clearing would occur
south of and adjacent to the tall levee resulting in approximately 44 acres of vegetation clearing and removal.
Vegetation clearing and removal is not anticipated to impact state or Federally listed species or their habitats. No
direct mortality of listed species is anticipated. Cultural and Historic Resources: The construction of this proposed
000385
Project ID: L-1B State: TX Station: PRS Location: Presidio POE to 3.2mi W of POE Approx. Length (mi): 2.87
Segments L-1A and L-1B are located within the Presidio Station’s AOR. The same terrain, factors and statistics
described for Project ID L-1A (above) apply to this segment.
long-term minor adverse impacts on land use. The community of Presidio will potentially be impacted by the
are anticipated from maintenance activities. No net increase of greenhouse emissions are expected from the
Proposed Action. Vegetation: Within sections L-1A and L-1B, construction and clearing would occur south of and
adjacent to the tall levee resulting in approximately 44 acres of vegetation clearing and removal. Vegetation
clearing and removal within this section would result in minor to moderate short- and long-term adverse impacts on
mostly tree, shrub, grass, and form communities dominated by salt-cedar, honey mesquite, Bermuda grass, and
Russian-thistle. Within sections L-1A and L-1B in particular, the completed fence would capture Russian-thistle
tumbleweeds common in the area and that represent a fire hazard. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Short-
term and long-term negligible direct and indirect adverse effects on water quality would be expected as a result of
constructing the proposed TI. The proposed construction would increase impervious surface area and runoff
potential. Impacts on surface water and wetlands that are potentially jurisdictional waters of the U.S. would be
avoided to the maximum extent practicable. Impacts that cannot be avoided will be minimized and reviewed as a
Endangered Species: Under the Proposed Action, for section L-1A and L-1B, construction clearing would occur
south of and adjacent to the tall levee resulting in approximately 44 acres of vegetation clearing and removal.
Vegetation clearing and removal is not anticipated to impact state or Federally listed species or their habitats. No
direct mortality of listed species is anticipated. Cultural and Historic Resources: The construction of this proposed
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Del Rio Sector

The Del Rio BP Sector contacted 22 individual landowners. In addition, the Sector held
11 meetings in the cities of Eagle Pass and Del Rio, Texas: 8 for city officials and 3 that
involved the public.
For potential fencing within the Del Rio Sector, CBP drafted an Environmental
meeting was held in Del Rio, Texas, on January 24, 2008.
fence segment under consideration within the Del Rio Sector, as well as a brief analysis
Project ID: M-1 State: TX Station: DRS Location: DRS San Felipe & Rio Grande to Cienegas Creek Approx. Length (mi): 2.36
& Rio Grande
The area where we plan to put fence is in the area where there is the shortest distance between the City of Del Rio
and Ciudad Acuna. (b) (7)(E)
This area is used extensively for narcotics and alien smuggling.
(b) (7)(E)
Our fence layout/design is the least intrusive and would not be recognizable as border fence. It is designed as
Pedestrian only, because the Rio Grande River is a natural barrier to vehicle entries. It will look similar to other
security fences surrounding a public park or business.
All landowners within the project area, including the City of Del Rio, have been supportive of negotiating with the
Government on the right to construct fence.
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: Short-term and long-term minor impacts to land
use are anticipated; however, there will be no impact to agriculture or to the 17 private residences and public parcels
as proposed under the original alignment. Air Quality: Short-term minor adverse effects to air quality are expected
as a result of emissions from the proposed construction, maintenance activities, and the operation of generators to
supply power to construction equipment and portable lights. Best management practices would be used to minimize
fugitive dust emissions. Vegetation: Approximately 49 acres of grading, contouring, and trenching are anticipated
as a result of the M-1, M2A and M-2B construction of TI. The 150 foot construction area would be removed of
vegetation, including the giant reed which is habitat for the state-listed threatened indigo snake and a movement
corridor for the ocelot and jaguarundi. The original fence alignment would have resulted in the loss of 61 acres due
to grading, contouring, and trenching. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Short-term and long-term minor
adverse effects on surface water and waters of the US would be expected. Effects on surface water and wetlands
that are potentially jurisdictional waters of the US would be avoided to the maximum extent possible. Short-term
negligible adverse effects on water quality would be expected. Approximately 43 acres of disturbance, including
impacts to Cienegas Creek and jurisdictional wetlands, would result as a result of grading, contouring, and
trenching. Erosion and sediment control and storm water management practices during and after construction would
be implemented to reduce impacts. It is anticipated that 55 acres would have been impacted under the original fence
alignment. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: The construction of the M-1 segment of TI would result in the loss of
43.3 acres of wildlife habitat. Potential threats to wildlife along the Del Rio Sector include barrier to movement,
interrupting of corridors, increased human activity, impacts of lights on nocturnal species, and loss of habitat. The
original fence location for section M-1 would have resulted in the loss of approximately 46 acres of wildlife habitat.
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For the entire length of 3.3 miles, the area would be cleared of vegetation resulting in short- and long-term minor
adverse effects on wildlife due to habitat conversion. Removal of vegetation and grading during construction could
temporarily increase siltation in the river and therefore have short-term minor adverse impacts on fish and other
aquatic resources within the Rio Grande. Threatened and Endangered Species: Under the Proposed Action, a 150-
foot-wide corridor containing the new PF, access/patrol roads, lights, and construction staging areas would be
cleared for section M-1. Together, the proposed grading required for sections M-1, M2A and M-2B would result in
approximately 49 acres of vegetation clearing and removal. Approximately 9 acres of giant reed wetlands would be
lost, increasing the potential for adverse impacts to the indigo snake, ocelot, and jaguarundi. 11 federally listed have
the potential to occur within the project corridor and 15 state listed species. Short-term and long-term negligible to
minor for ocelot and jaguarundi are expected with minor to moderate adverse effects on indigo snake. Cultural and
Historic Resources: Minor to major long-term adverse effects to cultural, historic, and archaeological resources are
anticipated. Section M-1 would not pass through any known archaeological sites or historic properties. The original
fence alignment for section M-1 would have passed through one known archaeological site.
Project ID: M- State: TX Station: EGT Location: EGT 2.3mi upstream to 1mi No of POE Approx. Length (mi): 0.75
2A
This area traditionally is the busiest for border related illegal activity in the Sector.
A few years ago, prior to Expedited Removal and Operation Streamline, this operational zone had the highest level
of OTM activity in the Nation.
(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
This area of Eagle Pass is for public use and includes a golf course, Public Park, both bordered by the Rio Grande,
carnival and market areas. Arrests within this zone are often made in close proximity to citizens using the public
areas, placing them in danger in the event of violence or chase.
(b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
Our fence layout/design is the least intrusive and would not be recognizable as border fence. It is designed as
Pedestrian only, because the Rio Grande River is a natural barrier to vehicle entries. It will look similar to other
security fences surrounding a public park or business. Because it lies behind the golf course as opposed to in front,
it will not negatively impact the aesthetic value of the Rio Grande River running alongside the golf course. Gates
will be provided on all roadways and city officials will control those gates.
All landowners within the project area, with the exception of the City of Eagle Pass have been supportive of
negotiating with the Government on the right to construct fence.
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as a result of the M-1, M2A and M-2B construction of TI. The 150 foot construction area would be removed of
impacts to Cienegas Creek and jurisdictional wetlands, would result as a result of grading, contouring , and
cleared for section M-1. Together, the proposed grading required for sections M-1, M2A and M-2B would result in
approximately 49 acres of vegetation clearing and removal. Approximately 9 acres of giant reed wetlands would be
lost, increasing the potential for adverse impacts to the indigo snake, ocelot, and jaguarundi. 11 federally listed have
the potential to occur within the project corridor and 15 state listed species. Short-term and long-term negligible to
minor for ocelot and jaguarundi are expected with minor to moderate adverse effects on indigo snake. Cultural and
Historic Resources: Minor to major long-term adverse effects to cultural, historic, and archaeological resources are
anticipated.
Project ID: M- State: TX Station: EGT Location: EGT POE to North of POE Approx. Length (mi): 1.06
2B
Segments M-2A and M-2B are both located within the Eagle Pass Station’s AOR. The same terrain, factors and
statistics described for Project ID M-2A (above) apply to this segment.
as a result of the M-1, M-2A, and M-2B construction of TI. The 150 foot construction area would be removed of
impacts to Cienegas Creek and jurisdictional wetlands, would result as a result of grading, contouring, and
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cleared for section M-1. Together, the proposed grading required for sections M-1, M-2A, and M-2B would result
in approximately 49 acres of vegetation clearing and removal. Approximately 9 acres of giant reed wetlands would
be lost, increasing the potential for adverse impacts to the indigo snake, ocelot, and jaguarundi. 11 federally listed
have the potential to occur within the project corridor and 15 state listed species. Short-term and long-term
negligible to minor for ocelot and jaguarundi are expected with minor to moderate adverse effects on indigo snake.
Cultural and Historic Resources: Minor to major long-term adverse effects to cultural, historic, and archaeological
resources are anticipated.
Rio Grande Valley Sector

The Rio Grande Valley BP Sector contacted 366 individual landowners. In addition,
seven meetings were held with public groups, including landowners in Weslaco,
Harlingen, and Mercedes, Texas; two meetings were held in Brownsville, Texas; and a
meeting was held at the McAllen Chamber of Commerce. The BP also held 14 meetings
with officials, including mayors; members of city councils; city managers; Chiefs of
Police; representatives from wildlife refuges; and county commissioners, delegates, and
judges.
For potential fencing within the Rio Grande Valley Sector, CBP drafted an
Environmental Impact Statement that was released to the public on November 16, 2007.
Public open house meetings were held in McAllen, Brownsville, and Rio Grande City,
Texas, on December 11, 12, and 13, 2007, respectively.
fence segment under consideration within the Rio Grande Valley Sector, as well as a
brief analysis of potential environmental impacts:
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Project ID: O-1 State: TX Station: RGC Location: Near Roma POE Approx. Length (mi): 3.76
The terrain throughout the Rio Grande City AOR consists of urban, rural and remote areas. The rural areas consist
of both farmlands with wooded areas lining the river’s edge, and rolling hills that are dense in brush and cacti. The
urban areas consist of neighborhoods and businesses within close proximity to the river. Pedestrian fencing would
cover several river miles of urban area in the cities of Roma (project O-1), Rio Grande City, Texas (project O-2) and
the rural areas immediately adjacent to these cities. This pedestrian fencing would cover approximately 3.8 miles of
urban and rural area in Roma, Texas. In Rio Grande City, Texas pedestrian fencing would cover approximately 8.7
miles of urban and rural area.
The proximity of the Rio Grande River to neighborhoods, the Roma Port of Entry (O-1) and the Rio Grande City
Port of Entry (O-2) (b) (7)(E)
Potential environmental impacts include the following. Land Use: Construction of the proposed TI would result in
long-term minor adverse impacts on land use. Short-term minor adverse impacts would occur from construction.
The proposed TI will traverse both public and private lands and various methods would be used to acquire the
necessary property. Agricultural land within the 60-foot proposed project corridor would not be available for crop
production. In addition, residential, industrial, commercial, and undeveloped lands within the proposed project
corridor would not be available for future development. Short-term minor indirect adverse impacts on recreation
would be expected during the construction phase. Long-term minor adverse impacts on recreation would be
anticipated due to limited access to recreational areas impacted by the proposed TI. Long-term indirect benefits on
recreational areas could occur as a result in decreased cross border violators coming into these recreational areas.
Land use in the areas between the 21 proposed fence sections in the Rio Grande Valley could be adversely impacted
by the deterrent impacts the fence sections would have as illegal aliens attempt to avoid apprehension. Air Quality:
Regulated pollutant emissions associated with Route A would not contribute to or affect local or regional attainment
status with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Route A activities would generate air pollutant emissions
form the proposed construction projects, maintenance activities, and the operation of generators to supply power to
construction equipment. Best Management Practices would be used to minimize impacts. No significant adverse
impacts on regional or local air quality are anticipated from the implementation of Route A and a conformity
determination in accordance with 40 CFR 93-153(1) is not required. Vegetation: A 60-foot wide corridor
containing the proposed PF and patrol road would be cleared during construction and a portion maintained following
construction to support long-term maintenance, sight distance, and patrol activities. With the Rio Grande Valley
Sector, approximately 508 acres would be impacted including urban, residential, private, agricultural, and native
land uses. Sector-wide, the loss of vegetation from approximately 125 acres of urban and agricultural land would
result in short- and long-term negligible minor adverse impacts due to the potential for the disturbed land to be a
nursery for nonnative plant species. Removal of large mature trees and the loss of approximately 50 acres
throughout the sector of disturbed floodplain shrubland, woodland, and forest habitat would result in long-term
moderate to major adverse impacts. The loss of 200 acres of herbaceous vegetation throughout the sector would
result in short- and long-term minor to moderate adverse impacts due to habitat conversion. It is anticipated that 125
acres of disturbed thornscrub shrubland and woodland habitat within the Rio Grande Sector would result in short-
and long-term moderate adverse impacts due to habitat conversion. In the first mile of O-1 approximately 4 acres of
Tamaulipan thornscrub would be removed resulting in long-term major adverse impacts due to habitat conversion
000391
and disruption of the substrate. The first 0.5 miles of proposed TI in section O-1, sedimentary rock outcrops on
south-facing slopes would be avoided during construction resulting in short- and long-term moderate to major
beneficial impacts due to preservation of a unique habitat that support s federally listed plant species. Surface
Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Short- and long-term negligible direct adverse impacts on the hydrology of the Rio
Grande would be expected to occur as a result of the grading and contouring in Sections O-1, O-2, and O-3.
Grading and contouring would be expected to alter the topography and remove vegetation of approximately 105
acres within the floodplain of the Rio Grande which could increase erosion potential. Revegetation of the area and
implementation of best management practices would reduce this impact. Negligible increases in the quantity and
velocity of storm water flows to the Rio Grande are anticipated as a result in the increased impervious surface.
Short-term direct minor adverse construction-related impacts on groundwater resources to Starr, Hidalgo, and
Cameron counties would be expected. Short- and long-term direct and indirect negligible adverse impacts on water
quality of Waters of the U.S. are expected as a result of the increase in impervious surface and runoff potential.
Impacts on surface water and wetlands that are potentially jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. would be avoided to the
maximum extent possible. Impacts that cannot be avoided would be minimized through the use of best management
practices or mitigated. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Implementation f the proposed TI in the Rio Grande
Valley Sector would be anticipated to have short- and long-term negligible to moderate adverse impacts on wildlife
due to habitat conversion. Short-term minor to moderate adverse impacts on wildlife are anticipated due to
construction noise. Negligible adverse impacts on aquatic habitat are anticipated as a result of siltation from
construction activities. Minor beneficial impacts would result from the protection of wildlife and habitats on the
north side of the proposed project corridor. Threatened and Endangered Species: Short-term moderate adverse
impacts are anticipated for the ocelots and jaguarundi due to elevated noise during construction. These elevated
noise levels could interfere with important communications, dispersal of individuals, and predator-prey interactions.
Overall, short-term minor to moderate impacts from construction would occur to state protected species and long-
term minor adverse impacts from maintenance and operations would be expected due to mortality on the associated
roads. Long-term beneficial impacts to state protected species could result from reduced foot traffic in areas on the
north side of the proposed project corridor. Cultural and Historic Resources: Section O-1 would extend along the
southern boundary of the NHL-designated Roma Historic District and parallel the Rio Grande. The Roma Historic
District would incur long-term major adverse impacts associated with Route A construction would atop the bluff at
the western and southern edges of the historic district under Route A. The infrastructure would constitute an element
out of character with the historic district and alter its historic setting and relationship to the river.
Project ID: O-2 State: TX Station: RGC Location: Near RGC POE Approx. Length (mi): 8.75
Segments O-1 and O-2 are both located within the Rio Grande City Station’s AOR. The same terrain, factors and
statistics described for Project ID O-1 (above) apply to this segment.
000392
and long-term moderate adverse impacts due to habitat conversion. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Short-
and long-term negligible direct adverse impacts on the hydrology of the Rio Grande would be expected to occur as a
result of the grading and contouring in Sections O-1, O-2, and O-3. Grading and contouring would be expected to
alter the topography and remove vegetation of approximately 105 acres within the floodplain of the Rio Grande
which could increase erosion potential. Revegetation of the area and implementation of best management practices
would reduce this impact. Negligible increases in the quantity and velocity of storm water flows to the Rio Grande
are anticipated as a result in the increased impervious surface. Short-term direct minor adverse construction-related
impacts on groundwater resources to Starr, Hidalgo, and Cameron counties would be expected. Short- and long-
term direct and indirect negligible adverse impacts on water quality of Waters of the U.S. are expected as a result of
the increase in impervious surface and runoff potential. It is anticipated that construction activities associated with
O-2 have the potential to affect the surface water of the Rio Grande and arroyos within the project corridor. Impacts
on surface water and wetlands that are potentially jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. would be avoided to the
north side of the proposed project corridor. Cultural and Historic Resources: Section O-2 would cross the southern
tip of the Fort Ringgold Historic District, including a portion of the archaeological component of the district. The
historic buildings of Fort Ringgold are distant from the southern tip of the district, which slopes down to the Rio
Grande; the impacts associated with Route A on the viewshed and setting of these buildings is thus minimized.
Moreover, there is thick vegetation and intervening buildings between the historic buildings at Fort Ringgold and
the Rio Grande to provide considerable visual screening. Proposed grading for access roads and patrol roads on Fort
Ringgold might adversely impact archaeological resources.
Project ID: O-3 State: TX Station: MCS Location: Los Ebanos POE Approx. Length (mi): 1.85
(b) (7)(E)
000393
and long-term moderate adverse impacts due to habitat conversion. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.: Short-
and long-term negligible direct adverse impacts on the hydrology of the Rio Grande would be expected to occur as a
result of the grading and contouring in Sections O-1, O-2, and O-3. Grading and contouring would be expected to
alter the topography and remove vegetation of approximately 105 acres within the floodplain of the Rio Grande
which could increase erosion potential. Revegetation of the area and implementation of best management practices
would reduce this impact. Negligible increases in the quantity and velocity of storm water flows to the Rio Grande
are anticipated as a result in the increased impervious surface. Short-term direct minor adverse construction-related
impacts on groundwater resources to Starr, Hidalgo, and Cameron counties would be expected. Short- and long-
term direct and indirect negligible adverse impacts on water quality of Waters of the U.S. are expected as a result of
the increase in impervious surface and runoff potential. Impacts on surface water and wetlands that are potentially
jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. would be avoided to the maximum extent possible. Impacts that cannot be avoided
would be minimized through the use of best management practices or mitigated. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources:
Implementation f the proposed TI in the Rio Grande Valley Sector would be anticipated to have short- and long-
term negligible to moderate adverse impacts on wildlife due to habitat conversion. Short-term minor to moderate
adverse impacts on wildlife are anticipated due to construction noise. Negligible adverse impacts on aquatic habitat
are anticipated as a result of siltation from construction activities. Minor beneficial impacts would result from the
protection of wildlife and habitats on the north side of the proposed project corridor. Threatened and Endangered
Species: Short-term moderate adverse impacts are anticipated for the ocelots and jaguarundi due to elevated noise
during construction. These elevated noise levels could interfere with important communications, dispersal of
individuals, and predator-prey interactions. Overall, short-term minor to moderate impacts from construction would
occur to state protected species and long-term minor adverse impacts from maintenance and operations would be
expected due to mortality on the associated roads. Long-term beneficial impacts to state protected species could
result from reduced foot traffic in areas on the north side of the proposed project corridor. Cultural and Historic
Resources: Section O-3 would be near the Los Ebanos POE and ferry, and within the southern and eastern side of
the community of Los Ebanos. The POE, ferry, Las Cuervas ebony, and surrounding area could be eligible for
listing in the National Register of Historic Places as a historic landscape, or for their historical or engineering
significance. Route A would be approximately 250 feet from the ferry crossing, and would present substantial
impacts on the viewshed and setting of the ferry and POE. Route A also would surround the community of Los
Ebanos to its south and east. Because the Rio Grande is very close to the eastern side of the community, there
000394
would be long-term major adverse impacts on the viewshed and setting of any historic properties identified within
the community. Los Ebanos has a community cemetery located on its western side. Impacts on the Los Ebanos POE,
ferry, and community would be long-term, major, and adverse.
Project ID: O-4 State: TX Station: MCS Location: From Penitas to Abram Approx. Length (mi): 4.35
This area consists of fencing to begin where the U.S. International Boundary and Water Commission levee begins,
just west of Penitas, Texas. The proposed fence will parallel the levee until reaching Abram Extension Road. The
areas south of the proposed fence are primarily Federal refuge property and farmland. This particular area
continually experiences significant illegal trafficking of undocumented immigrants and narcotics (b) (7)(E)
and long-term moderate adverse impacts due to habitat conversion. Surface Waters and Waters of the U.S.:
000395
north side of the proposed project corridor. Cultural and Historic Resources: Long-term minor to major adverse
impacts to cultural resources are anticipated as a result of the construction of the proposed TI in the Rio Grande
Valley. No known cultural resources will be directly impacted as a result of the construction of this particular fence
section.
Project ID: O-5 State: TX Station: MCS Location: Future Anzalduas POE Approx. Length (mi): 1.73
This project consists of continuous fence running just south of the Anzalduas Port of Entry which is currently under
construction near Granjeno, Texas. This fencing will provide additional security for the POE as well as for the
community of Granjeno, Texas. (b) (7)(E)
000396
quality of Waters of the U.S. are expected as a result of the increase in impervious surface and runoff potential. It is
anticipated that construction activities associated with O-5 have the potential to affect the surface water of the Rio
Grande and an irrigation canal occurring within the project corridor. Impacts on surface water and wetlands that are
potentially jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. would be avoided to the maximum extent possible. Impacts that cannot
be avoided would be minimized through the use of best management practices or mitigated. Wildlife and Aquatic
Resources: Implementation f the proposed TI in the Rio Grande Valley Sector would be anticipated to have short-
and long-term negligible to moderate adverse impacts on wildlife due to habitat conversion. Short-term minor to
moderate adverse impacts on wildlife are anticipated due to construction noise. Negligible adverse impacts on
aquatic habitat are anticipated as a result of siltation from construction activities. Minor beneficial impacts would
result from the protection of wildlife and habitats on the north side of the proposed project corridor. Threatened and
Endangered Species: Short-term moderate adverse impacts are anticipated for the ocelots and jaguarundi due to
elevated noise during construction. These elevated noise levels could interfere with important communications,
dispersal of individuals, and predator-prey interactions. Overall, short-term minor to moderate impacts from
construction would occur to state protected species and long-term minor adverse impacts from maintenance and
operations would be expected due to mortality on the associated roads. Long-term beneficial impacts to state
protected species could result from reduced foot traffic in areas on the north side of the proposed project corridor.
Cultural and Historic Resources: Section O-5 is approximately one-quarter to one-half mile south of the La Lomita
Historic District. Because there is substantial vegetative screening at the southern and eastern portions of the historic
district, impacts on the viewshed and setting of this district would be minor to moderate.
Project ID: O-6 State: TX Station: MCS Location: Hidalgo POE Approx. Length (mi): 3.86
(b) (7)(E)

000397
(b) (7)(E)
north side of the proposed project corridor. Cultural and Historic Resources: Section O-6 would extend north/south
along the western boundary of the Louisiana-Rio Grande Canal Company Irrigation System Historic District. It
would be constructed adjacent to the Old Hidalgo Pumphouse on its eastern and western sides and continue easterly
within the southern portion of the district for a distance of approximately 1.5 miles, crossing into an area of open
irrigation canals that are contributing properties of the historic district. The proposed fence would be very visible
000398
from Levee Street and nearby streets, and from the Old Hidalgo Pumphouse grounds. However, the view of the
fence would be somewhat minimized by the substantial existing landscaping of the pump house rounds. Fence
designs or other construction design mitigation measures might be able to further minimize impacts on the pump
house. In addition to impacts on the historic pump house, the extension of the infrastructure into the canal system
would constitute a direct adverse impact on those features of the historic district.
Project ID: O-7 State: TX Station: MER Location: Proposed Donna POE Approx. Length (mi): 0.90
The terrain throughout the Weslaco BP AOR consists of 39 river miles of urban and rural areas. The rural areas
consist of both farmlands with wooded areas lining the river’s edge, and the urban areas consist of neighborhoods
and businesses within close proximity to the Rio Grande River. The proposed location of both fence projects will tie
into the future Donna Port of Entry fence on both the east and west sides creating a continuous fence line. (b)
(7)
(E)
000399
Grande and the Donna Canal. Impacts on surface water and wetlands that are potentially jurisdictional Waters of the
U.S. would be avoided to the maximum extent possible. Impacts that cannot be avoided would be minimized
through the use of best management practices or mitigated. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Implementation f the
proposed TI in the Rio Grande Valley Sector would be anticipated to have short- and long-term negligible to
moderate adverse impacts on wildlife due to habitat conversion. Short-term minor to moderate adverse impacts on
wildlife are anticipated due to construction noise. Negligible adverse impacts on aquatic habitat are anticipated as a
result of siltation from construction activities. Minor beneficial impacts would result from the protection of wildlife
and habitats on the north side of the proposed project corridor. Threatened and Endangered Species: Short-term
moderate adverse impacts are anticipated for the ocelots and jaguarundi due to elevated noise during construction.
These elevated noise levels could interfere with important communications, dispersal of individuals, and predator-
prey interactions. Overall, short-term minor to moderate impacts from construction would occur to state protected
species and long-term minor adverse impacts from maintenance and operations would be expected due to mortality
on the associated roads. Long-term beneficial impacts to state protected species could result from reduced foot
traffic in areas on the north side of the proposed project corridor. Cultural and Historic Resources: Long-term minor
to major adverse impacts to cultural resources are anticipated as a result of the construction of the proposed TI in the
Rio Grande Valley. No known cultural resources will be directly impacted as a result of the construction of this
particular fence section.
Project ID: O-8 State: TX Station: MER Location: Retamal Dam Approx. Length (mi): 3.24
The terrain throughout the Weslaco BP AOR consists of 39 river miles of urban and rural areas. The rural areas
consist of both farmlands with wooded areas lining the river’s edge, and the urban areas consist of neighborhoods
and businesses within close proximity to the Rio Grande River. The proposed location of both fence projects will tie
into the future Donna Port of Entry fence on both the east and west sides creating a continuous fence line. (b)
(7)
(E)
000400
north side of the proposed project corridor. Cultural and Historic Resources: Long-term minor to major adverse
impacts to cultural resources are anticipated as a result of the construction of the proposed TI in the Rio Grande
Valley. No known cultural resources will be directly impacted as a result of the construction of this particular fence
section.
Project ID: O-9 State: TX Station: MER Location: Progresso POE Approx. Length (mi): 3.86
The terrain throughout the Weslaco BP Station’s AOR consists of 39 river miles of urban and rural areas. The rural
areas consist of both farmlands with wooded areas lining the river’s edge, and the urban areas consisting of
neighborhoods and businesses also within close proximity to the river. The proposed location of pedestrian fencing
will cover urban areas near the city of Progreso Lakes, Texas (project O-9), and near the rural areas of the Progreso
Port of Entry (project O-10). The proposed location of the fence will tie into the Progreso Port of Entry fence thus
creating a continuous fence line.
(b) (7)(E)

000401
Grande and a settling basin and Moon Lake which occur within the project corridor. Impacts on surface water and
wetlands that are potentially jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. would be avoided to the maximum extent possible.
Impacts that cannot be avoided would be minimized through the use of best management practices or mitigated.
Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Implementation f the proposed TI in the Rio Grande Valley Sector would be
anticipated to have short- and long-term negligible to moderate adverse impacts on wildlife due to habitat
conversion. Short-term minor to moderate adverse impacts on wildlife are anticipated due to construction noise.
Negligible adverse impacts on aquatic habitat are anticipated as a result of siltation from construction activities.
Minor beneficial impacts would result from the protection of wildlife and habitats on the north side of the proposed
project corridor. Threatened and Endangered Species: Short-term moderate adverse impacts are anticipated for the
ocelots and jaguarundi due to elevated noise during construction. These elevated noise levels could interfere with
important communications, dispersal of individuals, and predator-prey interactions. Overall, short-term minor to
moderate impacts from construction would occur to state protected species and long-term minor adverse impacts
from maintenance and operations would be expected due to mortality on the associated roads. Long-term beneficial
impacts to state protected species could result from reduced foot traffic in areas on the north side of the proposed
project corridor. Cultural and Historic Resources: Long-term minor to major adverse impacts to cultural resources
are anticipated as a result of the construction of the proposed TI in the Rio Grande Valley. No known cultural
resources will be directly impacted as a result of the construction of this particular fence section.
000402
Project ID: O-10 State: TX Station: MER Location: Progresso POE Approx. Length (mi): 2.33
Segments O-9 and O-10 are both located within the Weslaco Station’s AOR. The same terrain, factors and statistics
described for Project ID O-9 (above) apply to this segment.
north side of the proposed project corridor. Cultural and Historic Resources: Section O-10 would pass to the south
of and approximately 0.3 miles from Toluca Ranch. Because the southern portion of the property has many mature
000403
trees and other vegetation, the house and other buildings would have some screening from the proposed project.
Impacts on the viewshed and setting of the historic district would be moderate. Section O-14 would pass
immediately south of the Landrum House, a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark since 1978. The Landrum House is
not listed in the National Register of Historic Places, but would be eligible for the National Register of Historic
Places for its historical and architectural significance. The house was constructed in 1902 for Frances and James
Landrum (THC 2007). The house and associated outbuildings would incur long term, major adverse indirect impacts
and potentially some direct impacts should the APE impact any associated archaeological deposit of this property.
Project ID: O-11 State: TX Station: HRL Location: Joe's Bar-Nemo Road Approx. Length (mi): 2.33
The fence starts at the Santa Maria Canal and parallels the levee to Nemo Road in Bluetown, Texas. The areas
south of the proposed fence are primarily Federal and State refuge properties and farmland. (b) (7)(E)
velocity of storm water flows to the Rio Grande are anticipated as a result in the increased impervious surface. No
impacts on hydrology would be expected for Sections O-11 through O-21 as these projects would be constructed
000404
outside of the Rio Grande Valley floodplain. Short-term direct minor adverse construction-related impacts on
groundwater resources to Starr, Hidalgo, and Cameron counties would be expected. Short- and long-term direct and
indirect negligible adverse impacts on water quality of Waters of the U.S. are expected as a result of the increase in
impervious surface and runoff potential. It is anticipated that construction activities associated with O-11 have the
potential to affect the surface water of the Rio Grande and the Santa Maria Canal. Impacts on surface water and
Project ID: O-12 State: TX Station: HRL Location: Weaver's Mountain Approx. Length (mi): 0.96
The fence starts at the Yellow Barn Road and runs parallel to the levee to Treviño Road in Los Indios, Texas. The
areas south of the proposed fence are primarily farmland, dense brush and vegetation, while the areas north of the
proposed fence have a number of small sub-divisions. (b) (7)(E)
000405
potential to affect the surface water of the Rio Grande and the Harlingen Canal. Impacts on surface water and
Project ID: O-13 State: TX Station: HRL Location: W Los Indios POE Approx. Length (mi): 1.59
This fencing will provide additional security for the POE as well as for the community of Los Indios, Texas. The
areas south of the proposed fence are primarily Federal refuge properties and farmland. (b) (7)(E)

000406
potential to affect the surface water of the Rio Grande and the San Benito Canal. Impacts on surface water and
000407
Project ID: O-14 State: TX Station: HRL Location: E Los Indios POE Approx. Length (mi): 3.59
This fencing will provide additional security for the POE as well as for the community of Los Indios, Texas. (b)
(7)
(E)
impervious surface and runoff potential. Impacts on surface water and wetlands that are potentially jurisdictional
Waters of the U.S. would be avoided to the maximum extent possible. Impacts that cannot be avoided would be
minimized through the use of best management practices or mitigated. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources:
000408
Resources: Long-term minor to major adverse impacts to cultural resources are anticipated as a result of the
construction of the proposed TI in the Rio Grande Valley. No known cultural resources will be directly impacted as
a result of the construction of this particular fence section.
Project ID: O-15 State: TX Station: HRL Location: Triangle - La Paloma Approx. Length (mi): 1.93
The fence starts at Cemetery Road in La Paloma, Texas and runs parallel to the levee to Garza Sandpit Road in El
Calaboz, Texas. The areas south of the proposed fence are primarily farmland, dense brush and vegetation. (b) (7)
(E)
000409
Project ID: O-16 State: TX Station: HRL Location: Ho Chi Minh - Estero Approx. Length (mi): 2.45
The fence starts at Garza Sandpit Road in El Calaboz, Texas and runs parallel to the levee to just east of Estero Road
in El Ranchito, Texas. The areas south of the proposed fence are primarily farmland, dense brush and vegetation.
Fencing is needed due to the proximity of the communities of El Calaboz and El Ranchito to the Rio Grande River,
(b) (7)(E)
000410
Project ID: O-17 State: TX Station: BRP Location: Proposed Carmen Road Freight Train Bridge Approx. Length (mi): 1.63
Fence placement in this location provides additional security for the area surrounding the Riverbend Resort and San
Pedro, Texas community. A proposed future railway port of entry will be located along this alignment. (b) (7)(E)

000411
(b) (7)(E)
000412
Resources: Section O-17 is close to (approximately 0.25 miles north) the Sabas Cavazos Cemetery, established in
1878 with the burial of a rancher and businessman, Sabas Cavazos (THC 2007). Route A would not impact this
resource.
Project ID: O-18 State: TX Station: BRP Location: Proposed Flor De Mayo POE to Garden Park Approx. Length (mi): 3.58
Some areas north and south of the proposed fence are Federal refuge property and farmland. (b) (7)(E)
Placing a fence in this area will act as a force

multiplier by allowing BP to redeploy resources to more remote areas and cover a larger area.
000413
potential to affect the surface water of the Rio Grande and the Los Fresnos pump canal. Impacts on surface water
and wetlands that are potentially jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. would be avoided to the maximum extent
possible. Impacts that cannot be avoided would be minimized through the use of best management practices or
mitigated. Wildlife and Aquatic Resources: Implementation f the proposed TI in the Rio Grande Valley Sector
would be anticipated to have short- and long-term negligible to moderate adverse impacts on wildlife due to habitat
project corridor. The construction of O-18, O-19, and O-21 has the potential to impose short-term negligible
adverse impacts on the state-listed silvery minnow due to increased siltation as a result of the removal of vegetation
and grading during construction. Implementation of standard best management practices, such as the use of silt
fences, should reduce this potential impact to negligible. Cultural and Historic Resources: Long-term minor to
major adverse impacts to cultural resources are anticipated as a result of the construction of the proposed TI in the
Rio Grande Valley. No known cultural resources will be directly impacted as a result of the construction of this
particular fence section.
Project ID: O-19 State: TX Station: BRP Location: B&M POE to Los Tomates Approx. Length (mi): 3.37
This fencing will provide additional security for the urban areas of Brownsville, Texas and the University of Texas
at Brownsville (UTB) campus. (b) (7)(E)
(b) (7)(E)
000414
result from reduced foot traffic in areas on the north side of the proposed project corridor. The construction of O-18,
O-19, and O-21 has the potential to impose short-term negligible adverse impacts on the state-listed silvery minnow
due to increased siltation as a result of the removal of vegetation and grading during construction. Implementation
of standard best management practices, such as the use of silt fences, should reduce this potential impact to
negligible. Cultural and Historic Resources: Section O-19, Route A curves northward close to the developed
portion of Brownsville, west of the park near the POE, and continues south along the western side of the Fort Brown
Historic District, a designated NHL. The proposed fence would be visible from 12th Street and portions of nearby
streets. However, the infrastructure related to the POE and the park located west of the POE would somewhat
minimize the impact of the proposed fence. The route continues west of the historic buildings of Fort Brown that
are now integrated into the University of Texas/Texas Southmost College campus, extends north/south immediately
west of the Neale House, and then takes an easterly route along the northern boundary of the historic district along
the U.S. section of the IBWC levee. A golf course is located south of the levee and within the boundaries of the
NHL historic district. Although there are significant historic properties in the area of Route A, there also is
substantial development. The historic buildings of Fort Brown are part of the university campus with other
buildings, landscaping, streets, and parking lots. The historic buildings are located a distance from Route A. The
000415
new development provides some measure of visual screening. The integrity of the archaeological component of Fort
Brown is unknown, and might have been impacted by prior activities. Additional research will be conducted
including consultation with the THC on the potential adverse impacts (direct and indirect) and potential mitigation
measures will be identified in the Final EIS. Route A would present major long-term indirect and possibly direct
impacts on the Neale House since it would be immediately west of the house. Section O-19 would cause moderate to
major, adverse, long-term impacts on the viewshed and setting of historic properties.
Project ID: O-20 State: TX Station: BRP Location: Tomates Y Approx. Length (mi): 0.91
Placement of the fence in this area is essential due to the fact that USFWS Cat Corridor easement runs along the
south side of the USIBWC levee near Brownsville, Texas. (b) (7)(E)
The Brownsville, Texas area has historically been the focal point of the Brownsville Station due to its
proximity to the city of Matamoros. Matamoros continues to be a significant smuggling hub for undocumented
immigrants, narcotics, and aliens from countries other than Mexico. This area is nationally notorious for the
apprehension of undocumented immigrants originating and/or traveling through “Special Interest Countries” as
defined by OBP. This particular area has experienced a significant amount of reportable border violence incidences,
including assaults on BP Agents. (b) (7)(E)
The presence of physical infrastructure would greatly enhance and
compliment our ability to deter illegal entry in that area.
000416
result from reduced foot traffic in areas on the north side of the proposed project corridor. The construction of O-18,
O-19, and O-21 has the potential to impose short-term negligible adverse impacts on the state-listed silvery minnow
due to increased siltation as a result of the removal of vegetation and grading during construction. Implementation
of standard best management practices, such as the use of silt fences, should reduce this potential impact to
negligible. Cultural and Historic Resources: Long-term minor to major adverse impacts to cultural resources are
anticipated as a result of the construction of the proposed TI in the Rio Grande Valley. No known cultural resources
will be directly impacted as a result of the construction of this particular fence section.
Project ID: O-21 State: TX Station: FTB Location: International POE to Sea Shell Inn Approx. Length (mi): 12.98
The terrain contained within this area is agricultural, urban and marsh in nature. Multiple entry points exist on the
south side throughout project O-21. Several of these entry points border urban environments. (b) (7)(E)
000417
potential to affect the surface water of the Rio Grande and the El Jardin Canal. Impacts on surface water and
project corridor. The construction of O-18, O-19, and O-21 has the potential to impose short-term negligible
adverse impacts on the state-listed silvery minnow due to increased siltation as a result of the removal of vegetation
and grading during construction. Implementation of standard best management practices, such as the use of silt
fences, should reduce this potential impact to negligible. Cultural and Historic Resources: Section O-21 would
parallel the southern boundary of the Old Brulay Plantation at a distance of approximately 100 feet or less from the
historic district complex. Construction of the TI likely would impact the viewshed and setting of this complex, and
could also directly impact historical archaeological materials related to the plantation. Impacts would be long-term,
major, and adverse. The historic complex could be damaged from construction activities. The Brulay Cemetery is
about 1,000 feet to the north of the alignment, but would not be impacted.
000418

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DRAFT V.2 Analysis of Alternative Framework

Below we provide several detailed segment analyses as examples of the Analyses of

1. Example of Analysis of Alternatives for an Urban Segment in Brownsville,

Agent Deployment: (b) (7)(E) Deleted: Station XXX

Environmental: Another important part of CBP’s decision-making process is the formal

Consultation: These extensive consultations in Brownsville, Texas have allowed CBP to

2. Example of Analysis of Alternatives for a rural segment in Segment TUS1 of

Technology Lay Down: (b) (7)(E)

Agent Deployment: (b) (7)(E)

Tactical Infrastructure: (b) (5)

Deleted: areas requires

PF: (describe the plan)

VF: (describe the plan)

Real Estate: In the TUCSON station rural segment:

Environmental: Another important part of CBP’s decision-making process is the formal

3. Example of Analysis of Alternatives for a Rural Segment in The El Centro/B4

Technology Lay Down:

Agent Deployment: (b) (7)(E) Deleted: Sector

Tactical Infrastructure: (b) (7)(E)

ADD THE COST ESTIMATE FOR B-4

Real Estate: In the El Centro/B4 station rural segment:

Environmental: Another important part of CBP’s decision-making process is the formal

San Diego Sector

The operational requirement for this area would be to construct PF that

Additionally, the area identified

Section B-5A is remote and isolated somewhat. (b) (7)(E)

Section B-5A is remote and isolated somewhat. (b) (7)(E)

The eastern portion of this section

Vanishing Time: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Time: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Time: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Time: (b) (7)(E) .

Vanishing Time: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Time: (b) (7)(E)

A Supplemental Environmental Assessment (SEA) specifically for potential fencing in

These 3 projects, combined with the technology package to follow, will

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Places within the project corridor.

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Points: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Points: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Points: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Del Rio Sector

Rio Grande Valley Sector

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)

Vanishing Point: (b) (7)(E)