Fitting-to-Fitting

By James O. Pennock and Dave Murphy

The following statement was made in a communication about welding two fittings directly to each other.
"Fitting to fitting welding is not permissible; a pipe shall be (placed) between fittings."

This is an example of wrong information or wrongly interpreted information that has gotten started by
some inexperienced teachers/instructors in the past few years.

This specific statement is totally incorrect when applied to 3" (80mm) and larger butt-weld fittings. Any
butt-weld fitting or weld-neck flange can be directly welded to any other butt-weld fitting or weld neck
flange without the need for any extra piece of pipe (Pup piece) between them. It is just a butt-weld and
if I cannot make a butt-weld between these two round, beveled-end, schedule 40 carbon steel (fitting)
objects what if I need to join two other round, beveled-end, schedule 40 carbon steel pipes. What do I
put between these two pipe objects? Yes! It does sound a bit stupid.

For butt-weld fittings the only exception to this is; when there is an overall dimension requirement that is
greater than the combined total dimensions of the two fittings.

The only fittings that cannot be connected directly to each other are screwed or socket-welded elbow and
Tee fittings. Screwed and Socket-welded assemblies do require pipe, a pipe nipple or a swedge nipple
between these fittings.

I suspect that someone, somewhere was listening to instructions about the make-up of piping assemblies
for 2" (50mm) and smaller screwed or socket weld piping and then mistakenly applied the instruction to
all piping including large-bore butt-weld piping.

This is not the first time I have seen this. Over the years I have gotten many sketches via E-mail asking
about some certain aspect of a piping layout. Some of these sketches have shown this same faulty
piping error. One such case showed a common control valve station (manifold) which had 11 (eleven)
extra and unnecessary "Pup" pieces where butt-weld fittings could have and should have been welded
together. It was a waste of money.

When this is done at a point where it is not required, it does nothing to improve the function of the pipe
configuration. The only thing it does do is add cost to the job. The added cost comes from both a direct
and an indirect factor.
The direct cost includes:
• the cost of the pipe
• the cost of cutting the pipe and prepping the ends for welding
• the cost welding
• the cost of extra NDE
• the potential cost of a bad weld discovered during hydrotest that needs to be cut-out and re-welded.
• the cost of additional insulation and heat losses.
• the cost of adding another potential leak point even if the weld passes initial NDE and hydro.

The indirect cost includes:

• the cost of the added space required for a complex piping configuration when multiple pieces of
"pipe" (Pup pieces) are added between every fitting to fitting make-up.

I strongly urge all who read this,

o if you are doing this then STOP! Ask yourself, Why am I doing this?
o If you know pipers who are doing this then tell them to STOP! Ask them why are they doing this?

Why should I not do this is that it is amateurish, wasteful and improper piping.