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CH3 習題解答
3-1
No. 1
1, x, x 2 , x 3
y1 1, y1iv 0
iv
y 2 x, y 2 0
y 3 x 2 , y3iv 0
y 4 x3 , y4
iv
0
23
1xx x 2
1 x 32 x
2 2 6x
0W 1 x 32 x 0 2 6x 120
0 2 6x 0 6 0 6
0 06
No. 2
cos x, sinx, x cos x, x sin x
y1 cos x, y1 ' sin x, y1 " cos x, y1 " ' sinx, y1iv cos x
y3 x cos x, y3 ' cos x x sin x, y3 " sin x sin x x cos x 2 sin x x cos x
y3 " ' 2 cos x cos x x sin x 3 cos x x sin x, y 2iv 3 sin x sin x x co
y4 x sin x, y4 ' sin x x cos x, y4 " cos x cos x x sin x 2 cos x x sin x
y 4 " ' 2 sin x sin x x cos x 3 sin x x cos x, y 2iv 3 cos x cos x x
1 e 2 x cos x e 2 x sin x
W 0 e 2 x 2 cos x sin x e 2 x 2 sin x cos x
0 e 2 x 3 cos x 4 sin x e 2 x 4 cos x 3sin x
tan x, cot x,
4
tan x cotx
4 2 2
2 2 sec x csc x
W sec x csc x 0
4 2 2
2 2 2tan xsec x 2cotx csc x
2tan xsec x 2cotx csc x 0
2 2
sec x csc x
2 2 2
tan x sec x cotx csc x
cot x sec 2 x csc 2 x tan x sec 2 x csc 2 x
2
cos 2 x sin 2 x
2 2 2
2 0
sin 3 x cos x sin x cos 3 x sin 3 x cos 3 x sin 3 x cos 3 x
e x cos x e x sin x e x
W e x cos x sin x e x cos x sin x e x
2e x sin x 2e x cos x e x
cos x sin x 1
e3x cos x sin x cos x sin x 1
2 sin x 2 cos x 1
cos x sin x 1
e 3x sin x cos x 0
2 sin x cos x 2 cos x sin x 0
No.6
sin x, cos x, sin2 x
sin x cos x sin 2x
W cos x sin x 2 cos 2x
sin x cos x 4 sin 2x
sin x cos x sin 2x
cos x sin x 2 cos 2x
0 0 3sin 2x
sin x cos x
3sin 2x
cos x sin x
3 sin 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x 3 sin 2 x 0
Linearly independent.
No. 7
cosh x, sinhx, e x
x x
cosh x e e
2
x x
cosh x e e
2
e x cosh x sinh x
Linearly dependent.
3-2
No. 1
No. 2
y iv 16 y" 0
Auxiliary equation: 4 162 2 2
0 16 0
1 2 0 (Double root)
3 4i, 4 4i
y1 1, y 2 x, y3 cos 4 x, y 4 sin 4 x
General sol.: y x c1 c2 x c3 cos 4 x c4 sin 4 x
No. 3
D 4 10D 2 9I y 0 y iv 10 y"9 y 0
Auxiliary equation: 4 102 9 0 2
1 2 9 0
1 i, 2 i, 3 3i, 4 3i
y1 cos x, y 2 sin x, y3 cos 3x, y3 sin 3x
General sol.: y x c1 cos x c 2 sin x c3 cos 3x c 4 sin 3x
No. 4
No. 5
y ' x c1e x 0.5e 0.5 x c 2 cos 3x c3 sin 3 x e 0.5 x 3c 2 sin 3 x 3c3 cos 3 x
c1e x e 0.5 x 0.25c 2 1.5c3 9c 2 1.5c3 cos 3 x 1.5c 2 0.25c3 1.5c 2 9c3 sin1.5 x
No. 6
3-3
No. 1
y" '3 y"3 y ' y e x x 1
y h c1e x c 2 xe x c3 x 2 e x c1 c 2 x c3 x 2 e x
Set y p Cx 3 e x K1 x K o
y ' p 3Cx 2 e x Cx 3e x K1 3 x 2 x 3 Ce x K1
y" p 6 x 3x 2 Ce x
6C 1; C 1
6
K1 1; K1 1
3K1 K o 1
Ko 4
y p 1 x 3e x x 4
6
General sol.: y x
y h y p c1 c 2 x c3 x 2 e x 1 x 3e x x 4
6
No. 2
D 4 5D 2 4I y 3.5 sinh 2 x
Homogeneous equation: y iv 5 y"4 y 0
Auxiliary equation: 4 52 4 2 1 2 4 0
1 i, 2 i , 3 2i, 4 2i
y1 cos x, y 2 sin x, y 3 cos 2 x, y 4 sin 2 x
y h c1 cos x c 2 sin x c3 cos 2 x c4 sin 2 x
2 x e 2 x
r x 3.5 sinh 2 x 3.5 e
2
Set y p C1e 2 x C 2 e 2 x
y ' p 2C1e 2 x 2C 2 e 2 x
y" p 4C1e 2 x 4C 2 e
y' " p 8C1 e 2 x 8C 2 e
y iv
p 16C1e
2x
16C 2 e 2 x
Replace y ivp , y p " ' , y" p , y p ' and yp in the original equation.
x x
16C1e 2 x 16C 2 e 2 x 20C1e 2 x 20C 2 e 2 x 4C1e 2 x 4C 2 e 2 x 3.5 e e
2
x x
40C1e x 40C 2 e x 3.5 e e
2
y p 7 e 2 x 7 e 2 x
160 160
General solution:
No. 3
x 3 D 3 2 x 2 D 2 xD I y x 2
Homogeneous equation; x 3 y" '2 x 2 y" xy ' y 0
Auxiliary equation m 3 a 3 m 2 a b 2 m c 0
m 3 2 3 m 2 2 1 2 m 1 0
m3 m 2 m 1 0 m 1 2 m 1 0
m1 1 m2 m3 1 (double root)
y1 x 1 , y 2 x, y3 x ln x
yh c1x 1 c2 c3 ln x x
2
r x x x 5
x3
x1 x xln x
Wx x2 1 1ln x x2 2x2 2x2 ln x2x2 ln x x2 4x2
2x3 0 x1
0 x lnxx
x lnxx
W1x 0 1 1lnx ln ln xxxxxx
1 1lnx
1
10 x
1 1
x 0 lnxx x x0
1 1
2 x lnxx 1 1 1 1 1 2 x x 1 1 1
2xW x 0 1lnx 2 x x ln xx lnx x 2x lnxW3x x 1 0 2 x x 2x
3 1 x 1lnx 3 x 1
2x 1 x 2x 0 1
W x W x W x
y p x y1 x 1 r x dx y 2 x 2 r x dx y3 x 3 r x dx
W x W x W x
x 1 2 x 1 ln x
1 5
x 1 x
x 5 dx x 5
x dx x ln x 2 x x dx
4x 2 4x 2 4x 2
x 4 2 x 4 ln x
1 x 2 4
x dx x
dx x ln x x dx
4 4 2
1 3 3 3 3
x 1 x x x 2 x ln x x x ln x x
4 12 4 3 9
6
2 2 2 ln x 2 2
x x x x x ln x
4 12 6 18 6
2
x
9
2
General sol.: y x y h y p c1 x 1 c2 c3 ln x x x
9
No. 4
D 3 3D 2 3D I y 4 cos x
Homogeneous equation; y" '3 y"3 y ' y 0
3 32 1 0 1 3 0
1 2 3 1 (triple root)
y1 e x , y 2 xe x , y3 x 2 e x
y h c1 c 2 x c3 x 2 e x
r x 4 cos x
Set y p K cos x M sin x
y ' p K sin x M cos x
General sol.: y x y h y p c1 c 2 x c3 x 2 e x cos x sin x
No. 5
No.6
1 e x e 2x
x 2x
x 2 x e 2e x x x
xW 0 e 2e x 2x 4e 2e 6e
x 2 x e 4e
0 e 4e
x 2x
0e e
x 2x
x 2x e e x x x
W1x 0 e 2e 2e e 3e
x 2x
x 2 x e 2e
1 e 4e
2x
10e
2x
2x 0 2e 2x
W2x 0 0 2e 2e
2x
2x 1 4e
0 1 4e
x
1e0
x
x e0x
W3x 0 e 0 e
x
x e1
0e1
W x W x W x
y p x y1 x 1 r x dx y 2 x 2 r x dx y3 x 3 r x dx
W x W x W x
x 2 x x
3e 4e 2 x cos xdx e x 2e 4e 2 x cos xdx e 2 x e 4e 2 x cos xdx
6e x 6e x 6e x
5 5
e 2 x 4 2 cos x 2 2 2 sin x 5 15 3
5
e 2 x 2 cos x 2 sin x
5
另解 Set y p e 2 x K cos x M sin x
e 2 x 4 K 2 M K 2 M cos x 2 K 4 M 2 K M sin x
e 2 x 3K 4M cos x 4 K 3M sin x
e 2 x 6 K 8M 4 K 3M cos x 8 K 6M 3K 4M sin x
e 2 x 2 K 11M cos x 11K 2M sin x
original equation
e 2 x 2 K 11M cos x 11K 2 M sin x e 2 x 3K 4M cos x 4 K 3M sin x e 2 x
2 2 K M cos x K 2 M sin x 4e 2 x cos x
e 2 x 2 K 11M 3K 4M 4 K 2M cos x 11K 2M 4 K 3M 2 K 4M sin x 4e 2 x cos x
e 2 x 5 K 5M cos x 5 K 5M sin x 4e 2 x cos x
5 K 5M 4
5 K 5M 0; K M
K 2,M 2
5 5
5
y p e 2 x 2 cos x 2 sin x
5
General sol.: y x y h y p c1 c 2 e x c3e 2 x e 2 x 52 cos x 52 sin x a
y ' x c 2 e x 2 c3e 2 x 2e 2 x 2 cos x 2 sin x e 2 x 2 sin x 2 cos x
5 5 5 5
c 2 e x 2 c3 e 2 x e 2 x 4 2 cos x 4 2 sin x
5 5 5 5
5
c 2 e x 2 c3 e 2 x e 2 x 2 cos x 6 sin x
5
b
y" x c2 e x 4 c3 e
5 5
c 2 e x 4 c3e 2 x e 2 x 4 6 cos x 12 2 sin x 5 5
c 2 e x 4 c3 e 2 x e 2 x 2 cos x 14 sin x
5 5
c
The initial values are then inserted into (a), (b), (c) respectively
y 0 0.4, y ' 0 0.4, y" 0 0.4
c1 c2 c3 0.4 0.4
c 2 2 c3 0.4 0.4
c 2 4 c3 0.4 0.4
c1 c 2 c3 0
No.7
original equation
K sin x M cos x 4 K sin x 4M cos x 10 cos x 5 sin x
5M cos x 5 K sin x 10 cos x 5 sin x
5M 10; M 2
5 K 5; K 1
y p cos x 2 sin x
No.8
CH3 總複習
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No.6
No.7
No.8
No.9
No.10