TD Du DR Talla Batiment B

MASTER II GENIE ENERGETIQUE
3ème PROMOTION
UE : DIMENSIONNEMENT DES EQUIPEMENTS PHOTOVOLTAIQUES

POUR PRODUCTION D’ENERGIE
THEME : SIZING
OF A SOLAR OFF-GRID
SYSTEM FOR BATIMENT B IN NATIONAL
ADVANCED SCHOOL OF PUBLIC WORK
Rédigé par: GIONGOUE NATHALIE NADEGE 14TP2L00639
NGU LEONEL TEKWE 14TP2L00757
FODOUNG MICHEL BRICE 14TP2L00801
Dispensé par: Dr Talla Andre

SIZING OF A SOLAR OFF-GRID SYSTEM FOR
BATIMENT B IN NATIONAL ADVANCED
SCHOOL OF PUBLIC WORK
Introduction
We are going to design an off-grid system that supplies energy from the
sun to be used by the building Batiment B. This energy will have to be used
everytime daily. In our conception, firstly we begin by explaining our location,
our design plan and the solar radiation on the building. Secondly, we calculate
the energy consumption of our building by dividing it into block systems
separate from each other, taking into account the power of every equipment and
its usage hours. Thirdly, we design and size every component of our solar
system which is divided into blocks for our building. Lastly, we size the
dimensions of our cable linking every component, and propose the electrical
scheme of our installation.
1. INITIAL PERSPECTIVE OF OUR BUILDING

(Batiment B)
The building, batiment B, is a 3floor story building made up of 10

classes, 2 administration offices and 4 toilets. We are going to look at the
building location, how we plan our building to design it and the daily solar
radiation on the building.
1.1. Building Location
Batiment B is located in the school ENSTP Younde. Figure 1.1 shows the
picture of the building batiment B. It is mainly used by students for classes.
With a longitude of 3.52 and latitude of 11.29 on the earth surface. It covers an
area of 428.04m2.
Fig 1.1. Batiment B
1.2. How the building (Batiment B) was planned to be design.
For us to size our building, we divided it into several blocks. Each of these
blocks was made 1or 2 classes group together. The design of each of these
blocks is separated from each other. Each of these blocks has its own set of
panels, regulators, batteries and inverters which do not affect in anyway each
other. So, each block constitute a system. We have calculated the energy
consummation of each block and tried to determine the size of its solar
components
1.3. Daily radiation for the whole year
Using pvgis, we input the values of the longitude and latitude of our building
location to calculate the daily radiation for the whole year[1]. The values of the
longitude and latitude of the building (Batiment B) was gotten from the android
apps mobile topography installed in our phone. This apps gives you the values
of the longitude, latitude and coordinates of South, West and East positions.
From the output calculation of pvgis we can calculate we choose the optimal
horizontal radiation in inclined plane for the worst month which is
4.02KWh/m2/day in the month of August. Figure 1.1 gives you the data results
from our pvgis calculations.
Fig 1.2. Incident global irradiation in Yaounde
1.3 THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE
BUILDING (BATIMENT B):
We are going to calculate the energy consumption of each of these blocks of
classes. The hour of usage of the electrical equipment in the building which is a
critical part of our analysis was analyzed with great attention. The usage hours
of these electrical equipment is of paramount importance to our final results of
energy consumption and the size of our solar system. We carried out an
interrogation, to ask the students how often they use their appliances and we
tried to maximize the usage hours by taken into account energy efficiency. For
us to design a system that will last for long without damage due to very high
demand with time, we had to overestimate the usage hours of the equipment,
knowing full well that for the system to be economical the students will have to
practice a little bit of energy efficiency. For example, the usage hours of the
light bulbs was considered on only during the night while during the day the
students will use natural lighting.
The list of the equipment we found in the building are:
- Long Tube Fluorescent bulbs of T8 type

- LED tube
- Incandescent bulbs
- Laptops
- Desktop computers
- Video projectors
- Printers
- Refrigerator
- Coffee-pot
The arrangement setting of each of these blocks of classes, the various

equipment, power rating, and hour of usage and energy consumption of the
various blocks is given Table 2.1.
Table 2.1. The Sectioning of our building into blocks of classes with each block
having its various Energy consumption.
Equipements Nombre Puissance Puissance Temps de Energie
dans le d’un de tout fonctionnement journalière
bâtiment équipement equipment journalier d’un consommée par
k Pk(W) équipement l’effectif de
k × Pk(W) chaqu’équipment
tk(h)
𝑬𝒊
= ∑ 𝑷𝒌 𝒕𝒌 (𝑾𝒉)
𝒌
SALLE DE CLASSE B01
tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

fluorescents
(T8)
Vidéo projecteur 1 1640 1640 4 6560
Ordinateur 25 80 2000 3 6000

(laptop)
total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 14072
SALLE DE CLASSE B02
tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 25 80 2000 3 6000

(laptop)
total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh) 14072
Puissance totale(W) des equipements Du 7784

block B01, B02
TOTAL D’ENERGIE JOURNALIER EN (wh/j) CONSOMMEE DANS 28144

LE BLOCK B01, B02
SALLE DE CLASSE B03
tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 28 80 2240 3 6720

(laptop)
SALLE DE CLASSE B04
tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 21 80 1680 3 5040

(laptop)
Cafetière 1 1100 1100 0.58 638
Puissance totale(W) des equipements Du 7164

block B03, B04

LE BLOCK B03, B04
SALLE DE CLASSE B11
tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 27 80 2560 3 6480

(laptop)
SALLE DE CLASSE B12
tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 22 80 2160 3 5280

(laptop)
Puissance totale (W) des equipements du 8804

block B11, B12

LE BLOCK B11, B12
SALLE DE CLASSE B13
tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 42 80 3360 3 10080

(laptop)
COULOIR
tubes 6 36 216 6 1296

fluorescents
(T8)
Ampoule à 2 40 80 6 480
incandescence
total d’énergie journalière consommée au couloir( 𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 1776
TOILETTE
tubes 4 18 72 2 144
fluorescents
(T8)
Tubes LED 2 4 8 1 8
total d’énergie journalière consommée aux toilettes( 𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 152

SALLE DE CLASSE B23 (Bureau administrative)
tubes 3 36 108 2 216

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur de 1 90 90 3 270
bureau avec
écran plasma
(desktop)
Imprimante 1 375 375 0.25 93.75
Réfrigérateur 1 100 100 12 1200
total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 1779.75

block B13, couloir, toilette, B23
TOTAL D’ENERGIE JOURNALIER EN (wh/j) CONSOMMEE DANS 25024.75

LE BLOCK B13, couloir, toilette, B23
SALLE DE CLASSE B14
tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 28 80 2240 3 6720

(laptop)
SALLE DE CLASSE B21
tubes 14 36 504 6 3024

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 30 80 2400 3 7200

(laptop)

block B14, B21
LE BLOCK B14, B21
SALLE DE CLASSE B22 (Bureau administrative)
tubes 2 36 72 2 144
fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 3 80 240 2 480

(laptop)
Ordinateur de 1 90 90 1 90
bureau avec
écran plasma
(desktop)
Imprimante 1 375 375 0.25 93.75
Cafetière 1 750 750 0.16 120
total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh) 927.75
SALLE DE CLASSE B24
tubes 10 36 360 6 2160

fluorescents
(T8)
Ordinateur 27 80 2160 3 6480

(laptop)
total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh) 8640

block B22, B24
TOTAL D’ENERGIE JOURNALIER EN (wh/j) CONSOMMEE DANS 9567.75

LE BLOCK B22, B24
CONSOMMATION ENERGETIQUE JOURNALIERE TOTALE

DU BATIMENT B (ET) EN (wh/j)
138098.5
A design the solar system of each of the various group of classes into blocks
was done. From table 1. Class B01 and B02 where group together into one
block to design its own solar system followed by Class B03 & B04; Class B11
& B12; Class B13, corridor, toilet & B23; Class B14 & B21; and Class B22 &
B24.
1. SIZING THE SOLAR COMPONENTS OF
THE VARIOUS BLOCKS
2.1. Block B01 & B02:
- The energy consumption of this block from Table2.1 was calculated to be
EC = 28144Wh/day
- The energy produced Ep is calculated as
Ep = Ec/k (2.1)
Where k is the coefficient of performance of the whole system assumed
to be 0.65.
Ep = 28144/0.65 = 43298.46Wh/day
- The peak power
Pc = Ep/Ir (2.2)
Where Ir is the irradiation of per month gotten from Figure1.1
Ir = 4.02KWh/m2/day
Pc = 43298.46/4.02 = 10770.76
From the peak power we can select the voltage of system from Table 2.1.
Table 2.1. Selecting our system voltage

Power of pv field 0-500Wc 500 to 2KWc More than
2KWc
The tension 12V DC 24V DC 48 VDC
recommended
Since our peak power is more than 2KWc, then the voltage of our system
should be 48V DC.
2.1.1 Choice of pv panel:

The name of our chosen panel is MAXPOWER CS6X-310M[
The technical specifications of our chosen panel is given in figure 2.1.
Fig 2.1. Technical specification of panel
2.1.2. The total number of panels to be installed:

Our total number of panels to be installed for Block B01 & B02
Nm = Pc/Pm (2.3)
Where Pm = 310W from our selected panel
Nm =10770.76/310 = 35panels
2.1.3. Total space to be occupied by our panels:

S = Nm × Sm (2.4)
Where Sm = surface are of one panel from figure 1
= 1.95 × 0.98m = 1.91m2
Then, S = 35panels × 1.91m2 = 66.85m2
2.1.4. Choice of Regulator:
We look for a large regulator that could support a large voltage and a
large current with the tension of its system 48V. Our chosen regulator is
Power Tarom 4140[4]. This regulator is an MPPT regulator. So, it always
selects its voltage and current at the maximum power point. It fixes and
maintains its output voltage to the voltage of the system (48V).
Its technical specification is as given in figure 2.2.
Fig2.2. Technical specification of regulator
The sizing of the number of panels in series and parallels is based on the
technical specification of our regulator chosen. Our design of panels in
series and parallels must respect the following laws for our system should
last for long [7].
- The maximum power of the photovoltaic field must be lesser than the
nominal power of our regulator.
Then, Pmax(pv field) < Pmax(regulator) = 4140W
- The open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic field(multiplied by our
coefficient of security) must be lesser than the maximum tension that our
regulator can support.
Uoc(pv field) × 1.14 < Umax(input of regulator) = 100V
- The total output current of the photovoltaic field must not be more than
the input current of the regulator.
Isc(pv field) × 1.25 < Imax(input of regulator) = 140A
Since our regulator is an MPTT regulator it will always bring the tension
of the system to 48V as recommended.
2.1.5. Number of panels in series:

The number of panels in series to be connected to a regulator is
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
Nms = E( ) (2.5)
1.14 ×𝑉𝑜𝑐
Where; 1.14 is the coefficient of security which takes into account the
high voltage that could occur in very low temperature, lighting and other
unforeseen circumstances than could increase our voltage.
Vmax(regulator) is the largest input voltage that could be supported by
our regulator
100
Nms = E( ) = 1panel
1.14 ×45.3
2.1.6. Number of panels in parallel:

The number of panels to be connected in parallel to the a regulator is
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
Nmp = E( ) (2.6)
1.25 ×𝐼𝑠𝑐
Where; Imax(regulator) is the largest input current that could be
supported by our regulator
1.25 : is a coefficient of security imposed by the guide UTE C15_712
140
= 𝐸( ) = 12 panel
1.25 ×8.95
2.1.7. Number of regulators to be connected:

Nr = (total number of panels)/(Number of panels in parral) (2.7)
= 35⁄12 = 2.9 = 3regulators
We are going to have 3 regulators with each regulator connecting 12

panels in parallel. The regulators will all be wired together to a single
park of batteries.
Let’s verify if the total current demanded by the equipment of the
block can be supplied by the regulators:
The current demanded by the total power of the equipment should be
able to be supplied or supported by the regulators.
To verify this;
Iequipment = Pequipment/Ut (2.8)
= 7784/48 = 162.16A
Since the total output maximum current of the regulator is
Iregulator = 3regulator × 70A = 210A
Since Iregulator > Iequipment then our system is good.
If it was not the case we would have to choose a different regulator.
2.1.8. Sizing our park of batteries:
From the energy of our Block B01 & B02 we then calculate the capacity
of our batteries.
C = (𝐸𝑐 × 𝑁)⁄(𝐷 × 𝑈𝑡 ) (2.8)

Where; Ec is the energy consumed by our block.
N is the autonomy of our battery and we choose 3days
D is the maximal discharge that our battery should support
which we choosed 0.7
Ut is the tension of our system.
C = (28144 × 3)/(0.7 × 48)
= 2512.85Ah
The capacity of battery is affected by temperature. When the temperature
is high the capacity our battery reduces[5].
From table 2.2 we can get that coefficient value that affects our battery
Temperature oC Multiplier
26.0oC 1.00
21.2°C 1.04
15.6°C 1.11
10.0°C 1.19
4.4°C 1.30
-1.1°C 1.40
-6.7°C 1.59
Table 2.2. Multiplier coefficient on batteries due to temperature.
From the weather statistics of Yaounde, figure 2.3 shows our lowest
temperature is 13.9oC in the month of March[9].
Fig2.3. Table of average monthly varying temperautre from the weather
statistics of Yaounde[9].
Therefore our Multiplier value is 1.19.

Then our capacity of battery is
C’ = 1.19×C
= 2990.3Ah
2.1.9. Choice of battery:

When choosing a battery, we choose a battery capacity that will avoid a
parallel connection of more 2 or 3. This is because when the parallel
connection is more than 2 or 3 we risk shortening the battery life due to
uneven charging of the far away batteries[5].
The choice of our batteries is PowerSafe 10 OPzV 1000 [3]. From figure
2.4 this battery has a capacity of C10 = 1170Ah and a voltage of 2V.
Fig2.4. Technical specification of our battery.
2.1.10. Number of batteries in parallel:

Nbatp = C’/C10 = 2990.3/1170 = 2.55 =3
Number of batteries in series:

Nbats = Ut/2V = 24
2.1.11. Choice of inverter:

We choose an inverter that can support our total power rating of all the
equipment in our block and a tension rating of 48V of the system.
Our choice of inverter must be such that
- The power demanded must be less than the nominal power rating of the
inverter.
- The current from the batteries which is the current demanded by the
equipment in the building must be less than the input current the inverter
can handle.
- The tension of system of the inverter must be the tension of the battery
system.
The input current of the inverter should be able to support the output
current of all the 3 regulators to be connected parallel to it. The output
current of a regulator is 70A, then for 3 regulators its current is 210A.
The choice of our inverter is 15000W(Max 60000W) Low
Frequency Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter[6]. This inverter has a
maximum power rating in continuous mode of 15000W, a maximum
battery charger input current of 250A and system voltage of 48V.
The technical specification of the inverter is shown in figure 2.5.
Fig2.5. Technical specification of inverter.

2.2. BLOCK 03 & 04
EC = 21982Wh/day
Ep = Ec/k
Where ; k is the coefficient of performance of the whole system assumed
to be 0.65.
Ep = 21982/0.65 = 33818.46Wh/day
- The peak power
Pc = Ep/Ir
Where ; Ir is the irradiation of per day of the worst month gotten from
Figure1.1
Ir = 4.02KWh/m2/day
Pc = 33818.46/4.02 = 8412.55W
From the peak power we can select the voltage of system from Table 2.2
should be 48V DC.
2.2.1. Choice of pv panel:

We choose the same panel with the same characteristics as in Figure2.1
that is panel MAXPOWER CS6X-310M[3].

Nm = Pc/Pm
Nm = 8412.55/310 = 28panels

S = Nm × Sm
= 1.95 × 0.98m = 1.91m2
Then, S = 28panels × 1.91m2 = 53.48m2
the same as in figure2.2 that is Power Tarom 4140[4].
The number of our panels in series and parallels is based on the technical
specification of our regulator chosen.

The number of panels in series to be connected to be regulator follows the
same approach as 2.1.5.
100
Nms = E( ) = 1panel
1.14 ×45.3

This follows the same approach as 2.1.6
140
Nmp = 𝐸( ) = 12 panels
1.25 ×8.95

Nr = (total number of panels)/(Number of panels in parallel)
= 28⁄12 = 2.3 = 3regulators

park of batteries.

To verify this;
Iequipment = Pequipment/Ut
= 7164/48 = 149.25A
From the energy of our Block B03 & B4 we then calculate the capacity of
our batteries.
C = (𝐸𝑐 × 𝑁)⁄(𝐷 × 𝑈𝑡 )
C = (21982 × 3)/(0.7 × 48)
= 1962.68Ah
From table 3 we have the same multiplier coefficient value that affects
our battery
Our Multiplier value is 1.19.

C’ = 1.19×C
= 2335.59Ah

The choice of our batteries is still PowerSafe 10 OPzV 1000 [3]. From
figure 3 this battery has a capacity of C10 = 1170Ah and a voltage of 2V.

Nbatp = C’/C10 = 2335.59/1170 = 1.996 =2

Nbats = Ut/2V = 24

equipment in our block and a tension rating of 48V of the system. The
input current of the inverter should be able to support the output current
of all the 3 regulators to be connected parallel to it. The output current of
a regulator is 70A, then for 3 regulators its current is 210A.
2.3. BLOCK B11 & B12

- The energy consumption of this block from 2.1 was calculated to be EC
= 27164Wh/day
Ep = Ec/k
to be 0.65.
Ep = 27164/0.65 = 41790.76Wh/day
- The peak power
Pc = Ep/Ir
Figure1.1
Ir = 4.02KWh/m2/day
Pc = 41790.76/4.02 = 10395.71W
should be 48V DC.

We choose the same panel with the same characteristics as in figure2.1

Nm = Pc/Pm
Nm = 10395.71/310 = 34panels

S = Nm × Sm
= 1.95 × 0.98m = 1.91m2
Then, S = 34panels × 1.91m2 = 64.94m2
the same as in figure2.2 that is Power Tarom 4140[4].

The number of panels in series to be connected to a regulator follows the
100
Nms = E( ) = 1panel
1.14 ×45.3

140
1.14 ×8.95

= 34⁄12 = 2.3 = 3regulators

park of batteries.

To verify this;
= 8804/48 = 183.41A
our batteries.
C = (𝐸𝑐 × 𝑁)⁄(𝐷 × 𝑈𝑡 )
C = (27164 × 3)/(0.7 × 48)
= 2425.35Ah
From table2.2 we have the same multiplier coefficient value that affects
our battery

C’ = 1.19×C
= 2886.17Ah


Nbatp = C’/C10 = 2335.59/1170 = 2.466 =3

Nbats = Ut/2V = 24

2.4. BLOCK B13, corridor, toilet, B23.

- The energy consumption of this block from 2.1 was calculated to be EC
= 25024.75Wh/day
Ep = Ec/k
to be 0.65.
Ep = 25024.75/0.65 = 38499.61Wh/day
- The peak power
Pc = Ep/Ir
figure1.1
Ir = 4.02KWh/m2/day
Pc = 38499.61/4.02 = 9577.01W
should be 48V DC.

We choose the same panel with the same characteristics as in figure 2.1

Our total number of panels to be installed for BLOCK B13, corridor,
toilet, B23
Nm = Pc/Pm
Nm = 9577.01/310 = 31panels

S = Nm × Sm
Where Sm = surface are of one panel from figure2.1
= 1.95 × 0.98m = 1.91m2
Then, S = 31panels × 1.91m2 = 59.21m2
the same as in figure 3 that is Power Tarom 4140[4].
100
Nms = E( ) = 1panel
1.14 ×45.3

140
1.25 ×8.95

= 31⁄12 = 2.5 = 3regulators

park of batteries.

To verify this;
= 6606/48 = 137.62A
From the energy of our BLOCK B13, corridor, toilet, B23 we then
calculate the capacity of our batteries.
C = (𝐸𝑐 × 𝑁)⁄(𝐷 × 𝑈𝑡 )
C = (25024.75 × 3)/(0.7 × 48)
= 2234.35Ah
our battery

C’ = 1.19×C
= 2658.87Ah


Nbatp = C’/C10 = 26588.87/1170 = 2.27 =3

Nbats = Ut/2V = 24

2.5. BLOCK B14 & B21.

EC = 26216Wh/day
Ep = Ec/k
to be 0.65.
Ep = 26216/0.65 = 40332.3Wh/day
- The peak power
Pc = Ep/Ir
figure1.1
Ir = 4.02KWh/m2/day
Pc = 40332.3/4.02 = 10032.9W
should be 48V DC.

We choose the same panel with the same characteristics as in figure2.1

The total number of panels to be installed for Block B14 & B21
Nm = Pc/Pm
Nm = 10032.9/310 = 33panels
S = Nm × Sm
Where Sm = surface are of one panel from figure 2.1
= 1.95 × 0.98m = 1.91m2
Then, S = 33panels × 1.91m2 = 63.03m2
the same as in figure 3 that is Power Tarom 4140[4].

100
Nms = E( ) = 1panel
1.14 ×45.3

140
1.25 ×8.95

Nr = (total number of panels)/(Number of panels in parral)
= 33⁄12 = 2.75 = 3regulators

park of batteries.

To verify this;
= 7336/48 = 152.8A
From the energy of our Block B14 & B21 we then calculate the capacity
of our batteries.
C = (𝐸𝑐 × 𝑁)⁄(𝐷 × 𝑈𝑡 )
C = (26216 × 3)/(0.7 × 48)
= 2340.71Ah
our battery

C’ = 1.19×C
= 2785.45Ah

Nbatp = C’/C10 = 2785.45/1170 = 2.38 =3

Nbats = Ut/2V = 24

2.6. BLOCK B22 & B24

EC = 9567.75Wh/day
Ep = Ec/k
to be 0.65.
Ep = 9567.75/0.65 = 14719.61Wh/day
- The peak power
Pc = Ep/Ir
figure1.1
Ir = 4.02KWh/m2/day
Pc = 14719.61/4.02 = 3661.59W
should be 48V DC.

We choose the same panel with the same characteristics as in 2.1.1 that is
panel MAXPOWER CS6X-310M[3].

Our total number of panels to be installed for Block B22 & 24
Nm = Pc/Pm
Nm = 3661.59/310 = 11.81 = 12panels

S = Nm × Sm
= 1.95 × 0.98m = 1.91m2
Then, S = 12panels × 1.91m2 = 22.92m2
the same as in figure 2.2 that is Power Tarom 4140[4].

100
Nms = E( ) = 1panel
1.14 ×45.3
140
1.25 ×8.95

= 12⁄12 = 1 = 1regulators
We are going to have 1 regulator connecting 12 panels in parallel. The

regulators will all be wired together to a single park of batteries.

To verify this;
= 4047 /48 = 84.3A
The total output maximum current of the regulator is
Since Iregulator < Iequipment then our system for Block B22 & B24 has to be
rearranged.
2.6.8. System improvement:

- We are going to choose the same type of regulator with power rating of
4140W, current output max. 70A, and system voltage of 48V that is
Power Tarom 4140[4].
- This time we will use two regulators the regulator Power Tarom 4140
each having 6 panels.
The total output maximum current of the regulator is
Iregulator= 2regulator × 70A = 140A
Then Iregulator > Iequipment then our system while using two regulators with
each having 6 panels for Block B22 & B24 will be just perfect.
our batteries.
C = (𝐸𝑐 × 𝑁)⁄(𝐷 × 𝑈𝑡 )
C = (9567.75 × 3)/(0.7 × 48)
= 854.26Ah
our battery

C’ = 1.19×C
= 1016.57Ah

figure2.4 this battery has a capacity of C10 = 1170Ah and a voltage of 2V.

Nbatp = C’/C10 = 1016.57/1170 = 0.86=1
2.6.12. Number of batteries in series:

Nbats = Ut/2V = 24

equipment in our block B22 & B24 and a tension rating of 48V of the
system. The input current of the inverter should be able to support the
current demanded by the equipment of the building whose current is
= 4047 /48 = 84.3A
3. SIZING THE CABLES FROM THE
PHOTOVOLTAIC FIELD TO THE INVERTER.
To understand how the panels will be connected to the regulators we need
to have a picture of how the panels will be placed on the roof of the panels,
where you will place your junction box, your regulators, batteries and inverters.
A little bit of knowledge of cabling will be required here.
3.1. Arrangement of panels on the roof.
Figure 6 shows the surface dimensions of the roof. The dimensions of this
surface was given to us by the administrator in charge of infrastructure in the
school.
Fig.3.1. The dimensions of the roof top.
The total surface area of the roof is
Aroof surface = 35.4m × 11.3m + 4.3m × 6.6m
= 428.4m2
Figure 3.2 shows the dimensions of our panel

Fig3.2. Dimensions of panel
When placing the panels on the roof it is very important to avoid internal
shadowing. Internal shadowing refers to the shadow generated by modules or
other components of the PV plant in front on modules placed in theirs back with
respect to sun position[8]. In Cameroon, and on batiment B the panels are tilted
at an optimal angle of 8o and oriented due south to maximize production.
Considering the figure 3.3, to avoid shadowing from the modules deriving from
the front row, the back row of modules has to be installed at a distance higher
than d.
Fig3.3. Internal shadowing between panels
d = hsin𝛽tan(𝜑 – 𝛿) + hsin𝛽 (3.1)
where; h = 1.95is the length of the module on the tilted surface
𝜑 = 11.49 is the latitude of the site where the plant is installed
𝛽 = 8o is the angle of optimal inclination from pvgis
𝛿 is the sun declination when the sun is at its lowest position during
the midday which can be obtained from the formula
𝛿= 23.45osin(360o(D – 81)/365)
Table 3.1 shows the average sun declination per month[9].
Month Declination(o)
January -20.92
February -12.95
March -2.42
April 9.41
May 18.79
June 23.09
August 13.45
September 2.22
October -9.60
November -18.91
December -23.05
Table 3.1. Average sun declination per month
We choose 𝛿 of the month August having the lowest solar radiation. Then
𝛿=13.45
Therefore;
d = hsin𝛽tan(𝜑 – 𝛿) + hsin𝛽
= 1.95sin(8o)tan(11.49 – 13.45) + 1.95sin(8o)
= -0.009287 + 0.271= 0.26m
In this exercise we assumed a distance between the parallel rows of panels to be

0.5m to allow for natural ventilation and prevent internal shadowing.
Analyzing the surface area of the roof and calculating how many panels can feet
into it knowing full well that the distance between the panels has to be 0.5m we
saw that the best way of arranging the panels is disposing along the length of
the roof in a portrait form.
Along the length of the roof, 32 panels in a row will be placed in a portrait form
all closed together along that row.
Verifying this;
Width of the panel Wpanel = 0.98m
Total Width of 32 panels is WTpanel = 32 × 0.98m = 31.36m
Length of roof is Lroof = 35.4m
We see that Lroof > WTpanel, so, 32 panels in a row can enter the roof along the
length when arranging the panels in a portrait form.
From this analysis, this means is mean up of a block having 32 panels. Given
0.5m each along the rows we noticed that only 5 block rows can fit into the
roof. Therefore, block 1 ( B01 & B02), block 2 (B03 & B 04), block 3 ( B11 &
B12), block 4 (B13, corridor, toilet & B23), and block 5 (B14 & B21) will all fit
on the roof. There won’t be any space left for the last block 6 (B22 & B24).
Only this block 6 will be placed on the ground while the rest of the blocks will
be placed on the roof.
The diagram 1 shows the disposition of the panels facing south on the roof.
Knowing now the disposition of the panels on the roof we can easily estimate
the length of our cables. Knowing the length of our cables we can calculate the
cross section of our cables.
3.2. Sizing the cables.
If cables are not size corrected they may cause fire because of over-heating
due to internal resistance of the cables. It is always recommended to select a

cable size that reduces its internal resistance.
The cross section of a cable is obtained from the following formula[10].
S = (𝜌1 × 2 × L × I)/ (𝜀 × VA) (3.2)
Where; 𝜌1 = 1.25 × 𝜌0 , 𝜌0 being the conduction resistivity at 20oC in
Ωmm2/m
= 0.02314 Ωmm2/m
L is the length of the cable which is always multiplied by 2
to get the real length because of the +ve and –ve cables in it
(allez et retour).
I is the current flowing in the cable. This current is the Imp

current
VA is the voltage of the cable.
𝜀 is the assume voltage drop of the cable. In all our cables we

assumed a voltage of 1%
After calculating our cross sectional area we select a cross sectional area from
the list of our commercial solar cables having an area higher than what we
calculated. The technical specification of our commercial solar cable is given in
figure 3.3[2]. In this technical sheet, the cross-sectional area and the maximum
admissible current rating under continuous operation of 90oC and an ambient
temperature of 40oC (in A) are being specified.
Fig.3.4. Technical specification of our commercial solar cable
In the excel spreadsheet in the table 3.2, the calculated excel work is in our
folder including this document. This excel work shows all the results of the
various calculations of the different cable sizes from the photovoltaic field to
the inverter.
Fig. 3.2. The excel spreadsheet in the table 3.2

Long Imp Vm Section du Section du Courant
Nom du cable uer p cable S cable Verification du Verification admissible du
= (m) (mm2) commercial nouveaux du Cable Iz
6 8.44 36.7 6.38588337 16 0.003991177 0.008823738 95

9
=
7 101. 36.7 89.4023673 185 0.00483256 440
28
5 8.44 36.7 5.32156948 16 0.003325981 0.008158541 95
2
=
7 101. 36.7 89.4023673 185 0.00483256 440
28
4 8.44 36.7 4.25725558 10 0.004257256 0.009089816 76
6
=
7 101. 36.7 89.4023673 185 0.00483256 440
28
= 3 8.44 36.7 3.19294168 10 0.003192942 0.008025502 76
9
7 101. 36.7 89.4023673 185 0.00483256 440
28
2 8.44 36.7 2.12862779 6 0.003547713 0.008380273 52
= 3
7 101. 36.7 89.4023673 185 0.00483256 440
28
1 8.44 36.7 1.06431389 2.5 0.004257256 0.009089816 30
6
7 101. 36.7 89.4023673 185 0.00483256 440
28
6 8.44 36.7 6.38588337 16 0.003991177 0.009514103 95

9
8 101. 36.7 102.174134 185 0.005522926 440
28 1
5 8.44 36.7 5.32156948 16 0.003325981 0.008848907 95
2
8 101. 36.7 102.174134 185 0.005522926 440
28 1
4 8.44 36.7 4.25725558 10 0.004257256 0.009780182 76
6
8 101. 36.7 102.174134 185 0.005522926 440
28 1
3 8.44 36.7 3.19294168 10 0.003192942 0.008715868 76

9
8 101. 36.7 102.174134 185 0.005522926 440
28 1
2 8.44 36.7 2.12862779 6 0.003547713 0.009070639 52

3
8 101. 36.7 102.174134 185 0.005522926 440
28 1
1 8.44 36.7 1.06431389 2.5 0.004257256 0.009780182 30
6
8 101. 36.7 102.174134 185 0.005522926 440
28 1
6 8.44 36.7 6.38588337 16 0.003991177 0.00878059 95

9
9 101. 36.7 114.945900 240 0.004789413 520
28 8
5 8.44 36.7 5.32156948 16 0.003325981 0.008115393 95

2
9 101. 36.7 114.945900 240 0.004789413 520
28 8
4 8.44 36.7 4.25725558 10 0.004257256 0.007450197 76

6
9 101. 36.7 114.945900 240 0.004789413 520
28 8
3 8.44 36.7 3.19294168 10 0.003192942 0.007982354 76

9
9 101. 36.7 114.945900 240 0.004789413 520
28 8
2 8.44 36.7 2.12862779 6 0.003547713 0.008337126 52

3
9 101. 36.7 114.945900 240 0.004789413 520
28 8
1 8.44 36.7 1.06431389 2.5 0.004257256 0.009046668 30

6
9 101. 36.7 114.945900 240 0.004789413
28 8
6 8.44 36.7 6.38588337 16 0.003991177 0.009312747 95
9
10 101. 36.7 127.717667 240 0.005321569 520
28 6
5 8.44 36.7 5.32156948 16 0.003325981 0.00864755 95

2
10 101. 36.7 127.717667 240 0.005321569 520
28 6
4 8.44 36.7 4.25725558 10 0.004257256 0.009578825 76

6
10 101. 36.7 127.717667 240 0.005321569 520
28 6
3 8.44 36.7 3.19294168 10 0.003192942 0.009046668 76

9
11 101. 36.7 140.489434 240 0.005853726 520
28 3
2 8.44 36.7 2.12862779 6 0.003547713 0.009401439 52

3
11 101. 36.7 140.489434 240 0.005853726 520
28 3
1 8.44 36.7 1.06431389 4 0.002660785 0.008514511 42

6
11 101. 36.7 140.489434 240 0.005853726
28 3
6 8.44 36.7 6.38588337 25 0.002554353 0.008940237 124

9
12 101. 36.7 153.261201 240 0.006385883 520
28 1
5 8.44 36.7 5.32156948 16 0.003325981 0.009711864 95

2
12 101. 36.7 153.261201 240 0.006385883 520
28 1
4 8.44 36.7 4.25725558 16 0.002660785 0.009046668 95

6
12 101. 36.7 153.261201 240 0.006385883 520
28 1
3 8.44 36.7 3.19294168 10 0.003192942 0.009578825 95
9
12 101. 36.7 153.261201 240 0.006385883 520
28 1
2 8.44 36.7 2.12862779 10 0.002128628 0.008514511 76
3
12 101. 36.7 153.261201 240 0.006385883 520
28 1
1 8.44 36.7 1.06431389 4 0.002660785 0.009046668 52

6
12 101. 36.7 153.261201 240 0.006385883 520
28 1
6 8.44 36.7 6.38588337 35 0.001824538 0.009806892 52
9
15 101. 36.7 191.576501 240 0.007982354 520
28 4
5 8.44 36.7 5.32156948 35 0.001520448 0.009502803 52

2
15 101. 36.7 191.576501 240 0.007982354 520
28 4
4 8.44 36.7 4.25725558 25 0.001702902 0.009685256 52

6
15 101. 36.7 191.576501 240 0.007982354 520
28 4
3 8.44 36.7 3.19294168 25 0.001277177 0.009259531 42

9
15 101. 36.7 191.576501 240 0.007982354 520
28 4
2 8.44 36.7 2.12862779 16 0.001330392 0.009312747 95

3
15 101. 36.7 191.576501 240 0.007982354 520
28 4
1 8.44 36.7 1.06431389 16 0.000665196 0.00864755 95
6
15 101. 36.7 191.576501 240 0.007982354 520
28 4
Lregulator_junctionbox 1 70 48 6.74916666 10 0.006749167 0.009641667 76

(battery_side) Block 1,2,3,4,5 7
Ljunctionbox_battery 1 210 48 20.2475 70 0.0028925 239
Block1,2,3,4,5
Lregulator_junctionbox 1 70 48 6.74916666 10 0.006749167 0.009448833 76

(battery_side) Block 6 7
Ljunctionbox_battery Block6 1 140 48 13.4983333 50 0.002699667 185
3
Lbattery_inverter Block 1,2,3,4,5 2 210 48 40.495 50 0.008099 185
Lbattery_inverter Block 6 2 70 48 13.4983333 16 0.008436458 95

3
When sizing our cables we always verified to make show that 𝜀 < 1%. From the
solar panels to the regulator we verified for each cable that 𝜀 < 1%, and doing
same for the cable from regulator to battery and regulator to inverter. While,
verifying and we realize this law those not hold we then increase the cross
sectional area value of cable until 𝜀 < 1%.
To calculate 𝜀 the formula was used[7]:
𝜀 = (𝜌1 × 2 × L × I)/ (S × VA) (3.3)

Between the panels and a regulator is a junction box that sums up all the cable
from the panels to the junction box and a single size cable leaves the junction
box to the regulator.
The single size cable from the junction box to regulator is denoted 𝐋𝐚 .
The rest of the cables form the panel to the junction box is donated as
𝐋𝐚𝐛 where; a is the name of the block where the cable belongs.
b is the number of the panel from 1 – 12 belonging to a field

on a regulator.
In our analysis, we assume that the cables from 1 – 6 is the same as the cable
form 6 – 12 on the same regulator in a block. Furthermore, all the regulators of
a single block are having equivalent dimensions of cables to its panels.
When more than one regulator is used in a block, a junction box is always used
to have one output cable (or current) to the battery. The dimensions of the
cables is shown in table 3.2 calculated with excel.
The cable from the regulator to junction box in a block system on battery side is
denoted as Lregulator_junctionbox (battery_side) Block 1,2,3,4,5 and Lregulator_junctionbox (battery_side)
Block 6. It is assumed that all the cables from the regulator to the junction box on
the battery side are equal.
The cable from the junction box to the battery is denoted as Ljunctionbox_battery
Block1,2,3,4,5 and Ljunctionbox_battery Block6.
The total voltage drop from the regulator to battery must be verified to make
show that it is less than 1% as shown in excel in Table 3.2
The cable from the battery to the inverter is denoted as Lbattery_inverter Block 1,2,3,4,5
and Lbattery_inverter Block 6.
Ideologically, we verified to also make sure that the maximum admissible

current Iz of our cable is greater than 1.25 × Isc
That is Iz > 1.25 × Isc.
Where; Isc is the open circuit current that could flow in a cable.
3.2.1. Sizing the cables from the panels to the junction box:
- The current flowing in each cable into the junction box is I = Imp
- The voltage on each cable is VA = Vmp
From this we can calculate the cross sectional S of the cables from the panels to
the junction using equation 3.2. This calculation what done in excel as shown in
Table 3.2.
3.2.2. Sizing the cables from the junction box to the regulator:
- The current flowing in this cable to the regulator is the sum of all the
current in the cables entering the junction box.
For Block 1 (B01 & B02), block 2 (B03 & B 04),block 3(B11 & B12), block
4 (B13, corridor, toilet & B23), and block 5 (B14 & B21) all on the roofs
and having a total of 12panels for each regulator, then its current from
junction box to regulator is given by
I = 12 × Imp
For block 6 (B22 & B24) since 6 panels are connected together in parallel to
one regulator. Then its current is I = 6 × Imp
- The voltage of along this cable VA = Vmp
From this we can calculate the cross sectional S of the cables from the panels
to the junction using equation 3.2. This calculation what done in excel as
shown in Table 3.2.
3.2.3. Sizing the cables from the regulator to the junction box at
the side of the batteries:
- The current flowing in the cable from the regulator to the junction box on
the side of the batteries.
For the block 1, 2,3,4,5
I = 12 × Imax(output regulator)
While for the block 6
I = 6 × Imax(output regulator)
- The voltage along this cable VA = 48V

From this we can calculate the cross sectional S of the cables from the panels
to the junction using equation 3.2. This calculation what done in excel as
shown in Table 3.2.
3.2.4. Sizing the cable from the junction box to the batteries:
- The current flowing from the junction box to battery.
For Block 1,2,3,4,5
I = Number of regulators × 12 × Imax(output regulator)
For block 6
- The voltage of these cables is 48V.
-
From this we can calculate the cross sectional S of the cables from the
panels to the junction using equation 3.2. This calculation what done in
excel as shown in Table 3.2.
3.2.5. Sizing the cable from the battery to the inverter

- The current flowing from the battery to the inverter.
For Block 1,2,3,4,5.
For block 6
- The voltage of these cables is 48V.
From this we can calculate the cross sectional S of the cables from the
panels to the junction using equation 3.2. This calculation was done in
excel as shown in Table 3.2.
figure3.5 The electrical installation scheme of the Block 1,2,3,4,5
figure3.6 The electrical installation scheme of Block 6
CONCLUSION
We have tried to give out a detailed plan for the dimensions of our solar
off-grid system to be used in Batiment B. We started by describing our location
of the building, then the energy consumption of the building by dividing it into
blocks of systems with each independent from one another. We then size the
solar components followed by its cables. To further complete this work we will
have to size the various protective elements like fuses and separators required to
prevent damage during faults. Lastly, we will have to analyze the economic
potential of the system by analyzing its pay back period.
REFERENCE
1) Website for the pvgis calculation.
http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/apps4/pvest.php?lang=en&map=africa
2) Product-brochure solar cable website : https://www.solar-
frontier.eu/fileadmin/content/downloads/product-brochure/SF-Product-Brochure-
EN.pdf
3) Prionso solar energy supplies, 2013-2014 PROINSO SOLAR CATALOGUE.
Website www.prionso.net
4) Technical solar catalogue website: http://pdf.archiexpo.fr/pdf/steca-
elektronik/steca-solar-thermie/74408-95601.html
5) Website :
http://rimstar.org/renewnrg/sizing_select_batteries_for_off_grid_solar_system.ht
m
6) Website: http://www.ebay.com/itm/Parallel-5kva-4000w-48v-pure-sine-wave-off-
grid-solar-inverter-MPPT-80A-charger-/161243046772
7) SEIAPI Sustainable energy (2012), off grid pv power systems system design
guidelines, website :
https://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/events/2013/March/Palau/8_OffGrid
_DesignGuidelines.pdf
8) Internal shadowing distance between rows of panels website :
https://www.civicsolar.com/support/installer/articles/determining-module-inter-
row-spacing
9) Weather statistics yaounde website:
https://www.yr.no/place/Cameroon/Central/Yaound%C3%A9/statistics.html
10) http://rimstar.org/renewnrg/solar_voltage_drop_table_calculator_wire_sizing_for_
dc.htm

TD Du DR Talla Batiment B

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

TD Du DR Talla Batiment B

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MASTER II GENIE ENERGETIQUE

UE : DIMENSIONNEMENT DES EQUIPEMENTS PHOTOVOLTAIQUES

Rédigé par: GIONGOUE NATHALIE NADEGE 14TP2L00639

NGU LEONEL TEKWE 14TP2L00757

FODOUNG MICHEL BRICE 14TP2L00801

Dispensé par: Dr Talla Andre

1. INITIAL PERSPECTIVE OF OUR BUILDING

The building, batiment B, is a 3floor story building made up of 10

1.1. Building Location

1.2. How the building (Batiment B) was planned to be design.

1.3. Daily radiation for the whole year

The list of the equipment we found in the building are:

- Long Tube Fluorescent bulbs of T8 type

The arrangement setting of each of these blocks of classes, the various

SALLE DE CLASSE B01

tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

Vidéo projecteur 1 1640 1640 4 6560

Ordinateur 25 80 2000 3 6000

total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 14072

SALLE DE CLASSE B02

tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

Vidéo projecteur 1 1640 1640 4 6560

Ordinateur 25 80 2000 3 6000

total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh) 14072

Puissance totale(W) des equipements Du 7784

TOTAL D’ENERGIE JOURNALIER EN (wh/j) CONSOMMEE DANS 28144

SALLE DE CLASSE B03

tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

Ordinateur 28 80 2240 3 6720

total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 8232

SALLE DE CLASSE B04

tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

Vidéo projecteur 1 1640 1640 4 6560

Ordinateur 21 80 1680 3 5040

Cafetière 1 1100 1100 0.58 638

total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 13750

Puissance totale(W) des equipements Du 7164

TOTAL D’ENERGIE JOURNALIER EN (wh/j) CONSOMMEE DANS 21982

SALLE DE CLASSE B11

tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

Vidéo projecteur 1 1640 1640 4 6560

Ordinateur 27 80 2560 3 6480

total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 14552

SALLE DE CLASSE B12

tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

Vidéo projecteur 1 1940 1940 3 5820

Ordinateur 22 80 2160 3 5280

total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 12612

Puissance totale (W) des equipements du 8804

TOTAL D’ENERGIE JOURNALIER EN (wh/j) CONSOMMEE DANS 27164

SALLE DE CLASSE B13

tubes 7 36 252 6 1512

Vidéo projecteur 1 1945 1945 5 9725

Ordinateur 42 80 3360 3 10080

total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 21317

tubes 6 36 216 6 1296

total d’énergie journalière consommée au couloir( 𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 1776

total d’énergie journalière consommée aux toilettes( 𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 152

tubes 3 36 108 2 216

Imprimante 1 375 375 0.25 93.75

Réfrigérateur 1 100 100 12 1200

total d’énergie journalier consommé dans la classe (𝑬𝒄 = ∑ 𝑬𝒊 ) en (wh/j) 1779.75

Puissance totale (W) des equipements du 6606