Experiment No.

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Date & -----@-------@----------

Object: To verify Norton’s Theorem.

Apparatus Required: D.C. electric Source, Resistance boxes, Load resistance,

miliampere, connecting wires.

Principle:

According to Norton’s theorem, any two terminal complicated circuit

is equivalent to one simple circuit in which one current IN that is known as
Norton current and one resistance RN that is called Norton resistance are in
parallel with the load resistance. This simple circuit is known as Norton’s
equivalent circuit.

VR2
Short circuited voltage VSC 
R1  R2

R1 R2
Norton’s equivalent resistance RN 
R1  R2

VSC
Hence Norton’s current IN 
RN

where, Vsc and R N are short circuited voltage and equivalent resistance of
circuit across two terminals respectively, when load resistance is removed and
all voltage sources are replaced by its internal resistance.

Dr. Alok Kumar Luka

It is clear from equivalent circuit, load current can be expressed as

I N  RN
IL 
RN  RL

Electric Circuit: -

Equivalent Norton’s circuit:-

Dr. Alok Kumar Luka

Experimental Arrangement:

Method:

1. First we connect the circuit as shown in figure and experimental

arrangement.
2. We apply voltage by d.c. voltage source than we put value of resistances
R1 and R2

3. Then we observe and note the load resistance by the help of miliampere.
4. Now we compare observed and calculated values of load current.
5. If these values are exact or approximately equal, it means Norton’s
theorem is verify now.
3

Dr. Alok Kumar Luka

Observation Table:

VSC I L/
Applied VR2 RR IN  I N RN
Sr. Voltage R1 R2 VSC  RN  1 2 RN IL 
R1  R2 R1  R2 R N  RL
No.
Ohm Ohm
(Volt) (Volt) Ohm
mA  10 3 mA
(A)

01-

02-

03-

04-

Calculations:

Dr. Alok Kumar Luka

Result:

It is clear from above observation table that experimental and

calculated values of load current are just equal or approximately equal; it
verifies Norton’s Theorem.

Precautions:

1. All connecting wires must be properly connected.

2. Screws of resistance box must be properly tight.
3. Miliampere must be in sensitive range.

Dr. Alok Kumar Luka

Signature of Professor In charge Signature of Student

Dr. Alok Kumar Luka