Running Head: Literature Review Domain E

Literature Review: Domain E

Kelly Burkhead

National University

March 23, 2018

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for

TED 690−Capstone Course

Carol M. Shepherd, Ed.D.

1
Running Head: Literature Review Domain E

Abstract

The following is a discussion of the main concepts from an article titled Classroom

Management. There are various facets that are included under this vital teaching skill of

Classroom Management. Some of these include the physical environment, classroom climate,

psychological environment, and the role that the teacher plays in the classroom environment.

2
Running Head: Literature Review Domain E

Classroom management includes a wide range of educational areas that relate to

interactions within classroom. It is an area that has been vastly studied in the field of

educational psychology. There exists a theory which initially focused on the physical aspects of

one’s surroundings to the “psychosocial relationships between students in the classrooms as well

as between the teacher and students” (classroom environment article | Classroom Management |

Teachers, 2018).

The physical environment was previously the main area of focus with regard to

classroom management. This aspect was shown to impact both behavioral and academic results

in current times. The physical environment has further been divided into more specific areas of

focus including class composition, class size, and classroom management. Class composition

research involves the study of how students are grouped. Results indicate that students that

reflect a more positive persona in the classroom also had superior academic marks. Class size

may also impact student interactions as well. It is logical that the study found that classes of

smaller size resulted in students who remained on task and felt decreased stress levels. It is

thought that with a larger class comes more work that is not academically related, thereby

decreasing valuable instruction time available. Classroom management skills within a classroom

by teachers need to be effective, consistent, and timely to communicate what is expected in a

direct fashion. Consequences of failing to follow expectations set forth should also be clearly

communicated. This parallels the notion that teachers who take the time to emphasize and make

transparent their rules actually spent less time dealing with disruptive behaviors. “Intentionally

providing organizational instruction at the start of the academic year is a characteristic of an

effective classroom environment manager” (classroom environment article | Classroom

Management | Teachers", 2018).

3
Running Head: Literature Review Domain E

Classroom Climate incudes the interactions of students with peers and student

interactions with the teacher. The interaction between teachers themselves and teachers with

other personnel is described as Educational Climate. Assessment and measurement of

Classroom Climate are primarily subjective and based upon what is perceived. Opinion may be

taken from the review of test scores, grades, attendance, health and family. Notes taken which

assess Classroom Climate contribute to perception.

A psychological environment is created just as much as a physical environment.

Research in this area includes rates of student participation in class, teacher support, and how

well learning goals are communicated. One example is when students were asked to explain

what it means to participate, the majority replied that answering an asked question in class

signifies the student was actively taking part in the activity.

Teacher behavior plays a huge role in the Classroom Environment. Again, expectations

need to be communicated clearly on the first day of school, reiterated, and consistently followed.

Research has shown that “teachers who run respectful classrooms are in turn more respected

by their students, and students believe that these teachers also hold higher learning expectations”

(classroom environment article | Classroom Management | Teachers", 2018).

Clearly, the tone for what is expected inside a classroom must be set from the very first

day of school. Students need to see the teacher consistently applying these rules as well as

applying any consequences that result from not following expectations. There are many factors

which help to contribute to a well-maintained classroom with students who behave as expected,

participate, and respect not only their teacher, but one another as well. This allows for more

valuable instructional time, happier students, and a greater chance of academic success.

4
 Running Head: Literature Review Domain E

References

classroom environment article | Classroom Management | Teachers. (2018). Scribd. Retrieved 21

March 2018, from https://www.scribd.com/document/366888429/classroom-

environment-article