Chemistry Answers PDF

AFVC
SOALAN LATIHAN BERFOKUS (SOLAF )

SKEMA JAWAPAN
SPM 2018
CHEMISTRY FORM 5
CHAPTER 1
RATE OF REACTION
A RATE OF REACTION
B FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF
REACTION
C COLLISION THEORY
1
SKEMA PEMARKAHAN - CHAPTER 1 FORM 5 RATE OF REACTION
SOALAN OBJEKTIF.
1 Konsep ROR
1 C 6 B 11 B 16 B
2 D 7 B 12 C 17 D
3 D 8 C 13 B 18 A
4 A 9 D 14 B 19 B
5 B 10 D 15 C 20 D
2 Luas Permukaan
1 D 2 D 3 D
3 Kepekatan
1 B 3 B 5 C 7 D
2 B 4 B 6 C
4 Suhu
1 C 2 C 3 C
5 Mangkin
1 A 3 B 5 B
2 C 4 A 6 C
2
SOALAN STRUKTUR
1 (a) Temperature 1
(b) Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 2
(c) Set I = 20.00 = 0.33 cm3/s 1
60
Set II = 32.00 = 0.53 cm3/s 1
60
(d) Volume (cm3) 2
Set I
Set II
Time (s)
(e)(i) Experiment 2 1
(ii)  The particles of reactants gain more kinetic energy
 Therefore, hydrogen ions and Zinc atom are collide each 1
other more rapidly 1
 The effective frequency of collision between hydrogen ions
and zinc increase, 1
TOTAL 11
3
No 2 Explanation Mark ∑ Mark
(a) Able to state the meaning of the rate of reaction
Sample answer :
Change in quantity of reactant / product in a certain range of time //
speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical
reaction// 1 1
Change in quantity of reactant / product
Time
(b) Able to write a balanced chemical equation
Answer : Zn + 2HCl→ZnCl2+H2
1. Correct formula of reactant and product 1
2. Balanced equation 1 2
(c)(i) Able to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid used
Answer :
30
1. No of mole of hydrogen gas produced 24000 //0.00125
2. Ratio of HCl to H2 1
2 mol of HCl produced 1 mol of H2//
0.0025m mol of HCl produced 0.00125 mol of H2
3. Concentration of HCl used 1
0.0025𝑥1000
mol dm-3 //0.05 mol dm-3
50 1 3
(ii) Able to calculate the average rate of reaction
30 30
Answer : 5 cm3 min-1 // 5𝑥60 cm3 s-1 // 6 cm3 min-1 // 0.1 cm3 s-1
1 1
(d) Able to explain why the rate of reaction decreases with time by using
collision theory
Sample answer :
1. The concentration of H+ ion decreases // The number of H+ ion per 1
unit volume decreases
2. The frequency of collision between H+ ion and zinc decreases 1
3. The frequency of effective collision decreases 1 3
(e) Able to sketch a correct curve when using the same volume and
concentration of sulphuric acid to replace hydrochloric acid 1 1
Answer :
Volume of gas/cm3 Isi padu gas/cm3
60
30
Time/min
4 Masa/min
Number Answer / sample answer Marks
5 (a) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
3 1
1. Correct formula reactants and products 1 2
2. Balanced equation
(b) (i)  correct label of axes and units for both axes – X and
– Y and correct uniform scale 1
 correct transfer of data 1
 smooth curve 1 3
(ii)  tangent on the curve 1
 answer : 0.14 ± 0.05 cm3s-1 1 2
(c) (i) Volume of gas / cm3
b(i)
c(i)
Time /s
(ii) (Refer to (b) (i)

1. The smaller the size of reactants, the larger the
total surface 1
area // 1
2. frequency of collision between particles 1 4
increases
3. frequency of effective collision increases
( vice versa for (c) (i) )
5
4 (a) (i)Hydrogen 1
(ii) Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2

1
- Reactants and products are correct 1
- Equation is balanced
(iii) No of mol Mg = 1.2/24 = 0.05 mol

Mol of H2 = 0.05 mol 1
Volume of H2 = 0.05 x 24 dm3/1.2 dm3/1200 cm3 1
1
(b)
- Experiment I is higher 1
- Concentration of hydrochloric acid is higher/Time 1
taken in experiment I is shorter
** Reject if not mentioned EXP I
(c) -Uses of catalyst 1

- Temperature 1
TOTAL 10
6
5 Explanation Mark ∑
Mark
(a) Able to draw a complete, functional and label the apparatus set-up
Hydrochloric Water
acid
Calcium carbonate
1. Functional of apparatus:
Clamp the burette, dotted line for water and hydrochloric acid, end of
delivery tube below water level in the basin. 1
2. Label:
Hydrochloric acid/ HCl, calcium carbonate/ CaCO3, water 1 2
(b) Able to draw the graph with these criterion:
1 Labelled axis with correct unit 1

2 Uniform scale for X and Y axis & size of the graph is at least half of the
graph paper 1
3 All points are marked 1
4 Correct shape, Curve is smooth and start from origin point 1 4
(c)(i) Able to draw the tangent and show the working and correct unit
1 Correct tangent at 90 second on the graph 1

2 Show calculation of the tangent with correct answer and unit
Range ( 0.10 – 0.17 ) cm3s-1 1 2
(ii) Lower // accept one value than answer in c (i) 1 1
(iii) The concentration of the acid decreases 1 1
Total 10
7
Question Answer Mark
number
6 (a)
hydrogen peroxide
solution
manganese(IV)
oxide
functional diagram 1
label 1
(b) (i) Oxygen 1
(ii) 2H2O2  2 H2O + O2 [formula correct and balanced] 2

[Formula correct but not balanced, 1 mark]
(c) (i) Experiment II 1
(ii) Concentration of hydrogen peroxide in Expt II is higher than in Expt I 1
(iii)
II
2
(d) Lower the activation energy ( 1)
Frequency of effective collision increases (1) 2
Total 11
8
Question Rubric Score
7(a)
Able to state the comparison of the observation correctly.
Sample answer
More bubbles produced in Experiment II than in Experiment I //

3
Water level in Experiment II is lower than in Experiment I //
Gas volume in Experiment II is more than the gas volume in

Experiment I
[vice-versa]
7(b)
Able to state the inference correctly
Sample answer
3
Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than in Experiment I //
Rate of bubbles produced in Experiment II is higher than in

Experiment I //
Bubbles produced faster in Experiment II (vice-versa)
7(c)
Able to state all three variables correctly
Sample answer
Manipulated variable : Total surface area of calcium

carbonate(marble) // Size of calcium carbonate
3
 name the reactant
Responding variable : Rate of reaction //

Rate of bubbles formed//
Water level//
Volume of gas
9
Fixed variable : Mass of calcium carbonate //
Volume / Concentration of hydrochloric acid//
Temperature
a: symbols for substances
7(d)
Able to suggest a correct relationship between the MV and the RV
with direction
Sample answer
3
Total surface area of calcium carbonate increases/decreases, the rate
of reaction increases/decreases //
The bigger/smaller size of calcium carbonate, the rate reaction

increases/decreases
a: [2 statements]
7(e)
Able to write all the burette readings with 2 decimal places
49.70 40.10 31.50
24.10 19.50 15.10
11.50 9.60 8.10 8.10 3
7(f)(i)
Able to plot the graph with
1. All the correct points

2. smooth curve 3
7(f)(ii)
Able to extrapolate the graph and predict the time correctly
1. a curve ending with a horizontal portion and

2. state a time [3 – 3.5] min 3
10
7(f)(iii)
Able to calculate the rate of reaction with correct unit
Sample answer
3
41.60 = [ 11.89 – 13.87] cm3 min-1
[3 – 3.5]
7(g)
Able to state the operational definition of rate of reaction refer to
3 criteria
1. describe the operation[add different sizes of calcium

carbonate to hydrochloric acid]
2. *observation[more bubbles per unit time]
3. has higher rate of reaction 3
 *observation can refer to 1(a)
7(h)
Able to classify all the 5 ions correctly
a : [names]
Sample answer
Positive ion : Ca2+ , H+ 3
Negative ion : CO32- , Cl- , OH-
7(i)
Able to describe the change of colour and compare time taken
correctly.
Sample answer
11
3
Colour of small prawns becomes red/pink/orange faster than big
prawns
8 (a) [able to state the colour of sulphur correctly]

Example:
Light Yellow / kuning muda 1 .....1
(b) [able to explain how to measure a fixed quantity of sulphur
produced correctly]
Example:
1. A piece of white paper marked ‘X’ was placed under the
conical flask 1
2. Time taken for enough sulphur to produce and cover the
mark ‘X’ until it disappear from sight 1 .....2
(c) (i) [able to calculate the
1
correctly ]
time
Example:
1
(s – 1 )
time
0.030 0.042 0.053 0.063 0.071
1
(s – 1 ) 1
masa
.....1
(ii) [able to draw the graph correctly]
1. both axes are labelled correctly 1
2. All 5 points transferred correctly 1 .....2
(d) (i) [able to state the relationship correctly]
Example:
When the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases 1 .....1
(ii) [able to explain using the collision theory correctly]
Example:
12
1. Increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of 1
thiosulphate ion / particles // Thiosulphate ion move 1
faster
2. Frequency of collision between thiosulphate ion and 1 .....3
hydrogen ion increases.
3. Frequency of effective collision increases
TOTAL 10
SOALAN ESEI BAHAGIAN B RESPON TERTUTUP
Questio Mark scheme Mark Σ Mark

n
1(a) P1. Smaller size has larger total surface area. 1 4
P2. Absorb heat faster. 1
P3. Bigger size has smaller total surface area. 1
P4. Absorb heat slower 1
(b)(i) Copper(II) sulphate 1 1
(b)(ii) 1. Experiment I 1 2
Rate of reaction = 40/2 = 20 cm3 min-1 1
2. Experiment II
Rate of reaction = 60/2 = 30 cm3min-1
(b)(iii) P1. Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I. 1 5
P2. Substance X used in Experiment II is a catalyst. 1
P3. Catalyst provided an alternative path with requires a lower 1
activation energy. 1
P4. More particles are able to achieve lower activation energy. 1
P5. Frequency of effective collisions between zinc atoms and
hydrogen ions are higher.
(b)(iv) 1. Label of axes and unit 1 2

2. Correct curve and label 1
(v) 1. Correct formula of reactants and product 1 2
2. Balanced equation 1
Zn + 2H+ Zn2+ + H2
13
(vi) 1. Rate of reaction using sulphuric acid is higher. 1 4
2. Volume of hydrogen gas released is doubled. 1
3. Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid. 1
4. Concentration of hydrogen ions in sulphuric acid is double 1
than that in hydrochloric acid.
Total 20
No. Mark Scheme Sub Total

Mark Mark
2 (a) Rate of reaction is the speed at which reactants are
converted into products in a chemical reaction. 1 1
(b) 30 = 0.25 cm3s-1

(i) 2x 60 1
45 = 0.375 / 0.38 cm3s-1

(ii) 2x 60 1 3
15 = 0.125 / 0.13 cm3s-1

(iii) 2x 60 1
(c) CaCO3 + H2SO4  CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O

(i)
Reactant and product correct 1
2
Balance equation 1
(ii) The number of moles CaCO3 = 0.2/40 + 12 + (16x3)

= 0.002 mol
1
1 mole of CaCO3 releases 1 mole of CO2. (ratio of CaCO3 to
CO2) 1
0.002 mole of CaCO3 releases 0.002 mole of CO2
The maximum volume of CO2 = 0.002 x 22.4 1 4
= 0.0448 dm3
= 44.8 cm3
1
(d) - Experiment II has a higher rate of reaction
(i) compared to experiment I 1
14
- The concentration of sulphuric acid, H2SO4 in
experiment II is higher than experiment I 1
- When the concentration of the solution is
increase/higher, the number of reactant particles
also increase/higher.
- The frequency of collision between carbonate ions 1
and hydrogen ions increases
- The frequency of effective collision also increases 1 5
- Experiment I has a higher rate of reaction compared
to experiment III 1
- The temperature used in experiment I is higher than
(d) in experiment III
(ii) - Higher temperature causes particles move 1
faster/higher//kinetic energy is increase
- Frequency of collision between carbonate ions and 1
hydrogen ions increase
- The frequency of effective collision also increases 1
5
1
1
TOTAL 20
15
MARK
QUESTION NO Marking Criteria
SUB TOTAL
3 (a) - Industries emit (acidic gases)/(sulphur dioxide). 1
- These gases dissolve in rainwater forming acid rain. 1
- The rain water has a higher concentration of acid. 1
- more collisions between (reacting particles)/(metal 1 4
and acid) to occur.
(b) (i) Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 1
HCl : H2 = 2 : 1 1
Mole of H2 = ½ x 0.4 x 50/1000// 0.01 1
Volume of H2 = 0.01 x 24 // 0.24 #dm3# 1 4
(ii)
Volume(dm3)
0.24
II
0.12 III
I
5 10 Time (min.)
0
- Axes are labels with units 1

- Curves I, II and curve III are leveling started at 1
10 and 5 minutes respectively.
- The gradient of curves II and III are more 1
steep than curve I
- Volume of graph level off in Exp. II is 0.24 1 4
dm3 and 0.12 dm3 in Exp. I and III.
(iii) I: rate = 0.12 x 1000/10 x 60 // 0.2 1

II: rate = 0.24 x 1000/10 x 60 //0.4 1
III: rate = 0.12 x 1000/5 x 60 // 0.4 1 3
(iv) Experiment I and Experiment II:

- The initial rate of reaction in experiment II is 1
higher.
- The concentration of hydrochloric acid in 1
experiment II is higher.
- The frequency of collision between zinc atoms and 1
hydrogen ions is higher.
- The frequency of effective collision also increases. 1
16
Experiment I and Experiment III:
- The initial rate of reaction in experiment III is 1
higher.
- The powdered zinc has a larger total surface area. 1
- The frequency of collision between zinc atoms and 1
hydrogen ions is higher.
- The frequency of effective collision also increases. 1 8
4 (a) 1.Smaller pieces of charcoal has larger/bigger total surface total 1

area
2.Smaller pieces of charcoal is easier to burn when exposed to 1
oxygen
3.More heat is produced by smaller pieces of charcoal than big 1
pieces
4.More heat energy is absorbed by the food 1 4
(b) (i) ) 40/160 // 0.25 cm3s -1 1
(ii) ) Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 1+1
1. Correct formula od reactants

2. Correct formula of products
3. Mol of H2SO4 = 0.5 X 50/1000 // 0.025mol 1
From equation, 1 mol of H2SO4 1 mol of H2

4. If 0.025 mol of H2SO4 0.025 mol of H2 1
5. Volume of H2 = 0.025 x 24 dm3 //0.6 dm3 //

1
0.025 x 24000//600 cm3
5
(iii)
Expt I and II
1.Rate of reaction of expt I is higher 1
2.The size of zinc in Expt I is smaller 1
3.Total surface area of zinc in Expt I is bigger/larger 1
4.The frequency of collision between zinc atom and hydrogen 1
ion/H+ in Expt I is higher
5. The frequency of effective collision between particles in Exp I is 1
higher
17
Expt II and III
1. Rate of reaction in Expt II is higher
2.The concentration of sulphuric acid in Exp II is higher 1
3. The no. of H+ per unit volume in Expt II is higher/greater in Expt 1
II// the concentration of hydrogen ion in Expt II is higher 1
4. The frequency of collision between zinc atom and H+ in Expt II is
higher 1
5. The frequency of effective collision in Expt II is higher 1
10
Total 20
5 (a) Able to state

(i) Sulphuric acid 1
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2 1
(ii) Able to draw an energy profile diagram that shows the following five
information:
1. label of energy on vertical axis 1
2. The position of the energy level of the reactant is higher than 1
the
energy level of the product 1
3. Correct position of Ea 1
4. Correct position of E’a 1
5. Correct position of ∆H
If energy level diagram given, not energy profile diagram, award pt1 and
pt2 only)
Able to give explanation by stating the following information:
1. Reaction is exothermic
2. The reactants contain moare energy than the products
3. Heat given nout during bond formation is greater than heat
absorbed during bond breaking
4. ∆H is the energy difference between the reactants and products
5. Activation energy, Ea must be overcome in order for the
reaction to take place
6. The use of catalyst reduces the activation energy 5
(must correspond to the energy profile diagram: negative
catalyst increases the activation energy)
7. the use of catalyst increases the frequency of effective collision
between H+ ion and magnesium atom
(Neagative catalyst reduces the frequency of effective collision
18
between H+
and magnesium atom)
any five points:
Note: If endothermic reaction: Pts 1,2,3 lost
(b) (i) Able to calculate the average rate of reaction 1+

1. volume divided by time 1
2. Correct answer with the unit
Avarage rate of reaction = 400 cm3
200 s
= 2 cm3 s-1
(ii) Able to explain the difference in the rate of reaction by stating the
following information
1. The rate of reaction for Experiment II is higher/greater than 1

Experiment I
r: slower/faster
2. This is because sulphuric acid in Experiment II is 1
diprotic/dibasic acid
3. Hydrochloric acid in Experiment I is monoprotic/monobasic 1
acid
(Basicity of acid in Experiment II is higher than acid in
Experiment I gives pts 2 and 3) 1 6
4. Diprotic acid has higher concentration of H+ ion //monoprotic
acid has lower concentration of H+ ion
a: more/higher number/less H+ 1
5. The frequency of collision between H+ ion and magnesium in
Experiment II is higher than in Experiment I// The frequency of
collision between H+ ion and magnesium in Experiment I is
lower than in Experiment II
r: between particles
1
6. The frequency of effective collision in Experiment II is
higher/greater than in Experiment I// The frequency of effective
collision in Experiment I is lower/smaller than in Experiment II
19
6 (a) Smaller pieces of charcoal have bigger total surface area 1
More area is exposed to oxygen 1
Big pieces of charcoal have smaller total surface area 1
Less area is exposed to oxygen 1……… 4
(b) (i) Rate of reaction of Exp I : 1/18= 0.056 s -1 1

Rate of reaction of Exp II: 1/10= 0.100 s -1 1……… 2
(ii) Mol of sulphuric acid:

10x 0.1 // 0.001
1000
1
Mol of Sodium thiosulphate :
50x 0.1 // 0.005
1000
1
1 mol of sulphuric acid produce 1 mol of S
0.001 of sulphuric acid produce 0.001 mol of S
1
Mass of sulphur: 0.001 x 32 g // 3.2 g
1…...….4
Exp I and II
Rate of reaction of Exp II is higher

Exp II has higher temperature, 1
the kinetic energy of the particles higher 1
The frequency of collision between hydrogen ions and 1
thiosulphate ions increases
Frequency of effective collision increases 1
1……....5
Exp I and III

Rate of reaction of Exp I is higher
The concentration of Exp I is higher 1
The number particles per unit volume in the solution 1
increases 1
The frequency of collision between hydrogen ions and 1
thiosulphate ions increases
The frequency of effective collision increases 1………5
TOTAL 20
20
SOALAN ESEI bahagian C respon terbuka
1.a.(i)
The speed at which reactant are converted into product in a chemical 1
reaction// change in selected quantity of reactant or product per unit of time
taken.
(ii)
Total surface area / concentration of reactant / temperature of reactant / use 1+1
of catalyst / pressure of gaseous reactant
b) (any 4)
To make the coffee powder and sugar dissolve easier in water. 1
The heat given to the water will give more kinetic energy to the particles.
1
The particles of water, coffee powder and sugar move faster.
They will collide each other more frequent. 1
The frequency of effective collision will increase. 1
Precipitate : Sulphur 1
c)
Materials: 1
0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate, 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, a piece of white
paper marked ‘X’ at the centre.
1
Apparatus:
150 cm3 conical flask, stopwatch, 50 cm3 measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 measuring
cylinder, thermometer, Bunsen burner, wire gauze.
1
Procedure:
Using a measuring cylinder, 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate
solution is measured and poured into a conical flask.
The conical flask is placed on top of a piece of white paper marked ‘X’ at the 1
centre.
21
5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is measured using another measuring 1
cylinder.
The sulphuric acid is poured immediately and carefully into the conical flask. At 1
the same time, the stop watch is atarted
The mixture in a conical flask is swirled. 1
The ‘X’ mark is observed vertically from the top of the conical flask through the
solution. 1
The stopwatch is stopped once the ‘X’ mark disappears from view. 1
Step 1 – 7 are repeated using 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate
solution at 40oC, 50oC, 60 oC by heating the solution before 5 cm3 of sulphuric 1
acid is added in.
(Max 8)
1
Conclusion
The increase of temperature, increase the rate of reaction
1
20
QUESTION SAMPLE ANSWER SCORE

2 (a) How does the temperature affect (the rate of reaction) / (the
time for mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight)? 3
2(b) Manipulated variable : Temperature of sodium thiosulphate
solution.
Responding variable : The rate of reaction // 3
the time for mark ‘X’ to disappear from
sight
Fixed variable : Volume and concentration of sodium
thiosulphate solution //
Volume and concentration of sulphuric acid.
2(c) When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution

increases, (the rate of reaction increases) / (the time for mark 3
‘X’ to disappear from sight is short)
2(d) Substances : 0.2 mol dm-3 of sodium thiosulphate solution,
1.0 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid.
22
Apparatus : Thermometer, stopwatch, conical flask,
measuring cylinder 50 cm3, 3
measuring cylinder 10 cm3, tripod stand, wire
gauze,
bunsen burner, white paper marked ‘X’.
2(e) Procedures :
1. 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution is
measured by using measuring cylinder and pour into
conical flask.
2. 5 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid is measured by
using measuring cylinder.
3. Sodium thiosulphate solution in the conical flask is
heated until the temperature is 30 oC 3
4. The conical flask is put on the white paper that have
marked ‘X’.
5. The sulphuric acid is poured quickly into the conical
flask and get the time for mark ‘X’ disappear from sight.
6. Repeat step 1 until 5 using different temperature.
2(f)
Time for mark ‘X’ 3
Experiment Temperature / oC disappear from
sight / s
I
II
III
IV
V
Total mark Max 17
23
Question Mark Scheme Marks
3(a) Able to give the problem statement correctly 3
Sample Answer
Does catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) affect the rate of reaction /

(decomposition of hydrogen peroxide)? //
How does a catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) affect the rate of

reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide)? //
What is the effect of catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) on the rate

of reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide)? //
Able to state the problem statement less accurate. 2
Sample Answer
Catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) affects the rate of reaction /

(decomposition of hydrogen peroxide) //
To investigate the effect of catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) on the

rate of reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide).
Able to give an idea of problem statement. 1
Sample answer:
Catalyst affects the decomposition.//
Catalyst affects the reaction
No response or wrong response 0
24
3(b) Able to state the three variables correctly 3
Sample Answer
Manipulated variable
Catalyst
Responding variable
Rate of reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide) // Time
taken for lighted splinter rekindle.
Contant variable
Volume and concentration of hydrogen peroxide
Able to state any two variables correctly. 2
Able to state any one variable correctly. 1
25
3(c) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable 3
and the responding variable correctly with direction.
Sample Answer
Catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) increases / decreases the rate of

reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide) //
The presence of catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) increases /

decreases the rate of reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen
peroxide) //
When catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) is present, the rate of

reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide)
increases/decreases
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable 2

and the responding variable correctly without stating the direction.
Sample answer
Catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) affects / changes the rate of

reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide) //
The presence of catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) affects / changes

the rate of reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide) //
When catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) is present, the rate of

reaction / (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide) changes / different
Able to state an idea of hypothesis. 1
Sample answer
Catalyst affects the decomposition.//
Catalyst affects the reaction //
Catalyst changes the reaction //
26
3(d) Able to list completely the materials and apparatus 3
Sample Answer
Materials:
20-volume hydrogen peroxide, manganese(IV) oxide
Apparatus:
Test/boiling tube, spatula, wooden splinter
Able to list incompletely materials and apparatus 2
Sample answer
Materials:
Hydrogen peroxide, manganese(IV) oxide
Apparatus:
Test/boiling tube, wooden splinter
Able to give an idea of materials and apparatus 1
Sample answer
Materials:
Hydrogen peroxide
Apparatus:
Test / boiling tube / [any suitable container]
27
3(e) Able to state the steps correctly 3
Sample Answer
1. Pour [5-10 cm3 ] hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 into a test tube /

(test tube I)
2. Add [little/(0.-1.0) g] manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2 into the test
tube / (test tube I)
3. Bring/insert/place/put a glowing wooden splinter to the mouth
of the test tube / (test tube I)
4. Record the time taken for the glowing splinter light up.
5. Repeat (in test tube II) the experiment / (step 1, 3 and 4) without
manganese(IV) oxide
Able to state the steps partially correct 2
Sample answer
1. Pour hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 into a test tube / (test tube I)

2. Add manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2 into the test tube / (test tube I)
3. Bring/insert/place/put a glowing wooden splinter to the test
tube /
(test tube I)
4. Record the observation.
Able to give an idea of the procedure 1
Sample answer
Add manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2 into hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
28
3(f) Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes the following 2
information:
1 Heading for the manipulated variable
2 Heading for the responding variable
Sample Answer
Experiment / test tube Rate of reaction / observation

Catalyst presence /
Manganese(IV) oxide/ MnO2/ I
No catalyst / II
//
Rate of reaction / observation
Hydrogen peroxide/H2O2 and
manganese(IV) oxide/
MnO2/catalyst
Hydrogen peroxide/H2O2
Able to exhibit the incomplete tabulation of data that includes: 1
1 Heading for the manipulated variable
2 Heading for the responding variable
Sample answer
Experiment / test tube /catalyst Rate of reaction / observation
Total 17 marks
29
Notes : In question no. 2, accept alternate answers if student use other suitable reaction with
correct reactants and catalyst.
4 (a) (i) P : [any metal situated above Cu in the ECS] 1

Example :
Magnesium / Zinc / Aluminium
[r : Potassium / sodium]
Q : Any acid 1
Example :
Hydrochloric acid / Sulphuric / Nitric acid
[ a : weak acid]
[Chemical equations] 1+1 4

1. Correct formula of reactant and product
2. Balance chemical equations
Sample answer : Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
(a) (ii) Experiment I : = 30 // 3 cm3 s-1 1

10
Experiment II : = 30 // 1.5 cm3 s-1 1 2

20
[ Unit must be correct ]

(a) (iii) 1. Rate of reaction in experiment I is higher than
Experiment II. 1
2. The concentration of acid in Experiment I more than in
Experiment II // Number of hydrogen ions perunit
volume in Experiment I more than in Experiment II. 1
3. Frequency of collision between hydrogen ion and
metal P in Experiment I is higher than in Experiment II. 1
4. Frequency of effective collision between particles in
Experiment I is higher than in Experiment II. 1 4
30
(b) Factor : Size of Reactant
1. [Name of reactants used] 1

Example :
Zinc / Magnesium / calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid 1
2. Pour [20-50] cm3 an acid* 1.0 mol dm-3 into a conical
flask. 1
3. Filled a burette with a water and inverted it over a 1
basin of water and clamp a burette vertically using
retort stand.
4. Initial burette reading is recorded. 1
5. Granulated / pieces of metal / metal carbonate is 1
added into a conical. The conical flask is closed
immediately with stopper and delivery tube. 1
6. Start the stopwatch.
7. The volume of gas collected is recorded at 30 seconds 1
intervals.
8. Step 1 to 8 is repeated by using a powder of metal / 1
metal carbonate.
9. Results :
Exp .1 : Using a large piece of metal/metal carbonate

Time(s) 0 30 60 90
Volume of gas
(cm)3
Exp. II :Using a powder of metal /metal carbonate

Time (s) 0 30 60 90 1
Volume of gas
(cm3))
31
Max
1 10
1
10. Sketch the graph of volume of gas against time for
both experiment at same axes.
Volume of gas/ cm3
II
Time/ s
11. [Gradient graph using powder is higher than large

pieces]
12. Rate of reaction using powder is higher than large
pieces
32
Factor : Temperature
1. [Name of reactants used] 1

Example :
Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid 1
2. [ 20 -100] cm3 of sodium thiosulphate solution [ 0.1 –

1.0 ] mol dm-3 is pour into a conical flask. 1
3. Record the temperature of sodium thiosulphate. 1
4. The conical flask is placed on the top of piece of white
paper with mark X. 1
5. 5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid is pour quickly into a conical
flask. Stir the mixture / the conical flask is swirl. 1
6. A stopwatch is started immediately. 1
7. The time required for the mark X is disappear from
sight is recorded. 1
8. Step 1 to 7 is repeated using sodium thiosulphate
solution at 35 oC, 40 oC, 45 oC and 50 oC. 1
9. Results :
1
Temperature(oC
)
Time (s)
1/time (s-1)
1
10. Plot the graph of :
i) Temperature against time OR
ii) Temperature against 1 /time
Temperature / oC
Time / s
1
Max
11. Conclusion : The higher the temperature, the higher 10
the rate of reaction.
TOTAL 20
33
Soalan 5.
Experiment 1: Na2S2O3 + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + S + SO2 + H2O
Question No. Rubric Score
5 (i) Able to give the statement of the problem accurately.
Response is in question form.
Sample answer:
Does the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution

affect the rate of reaction? //
3
How does the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution
How does the high / low temperature of sodium

thiosulphate solution affect the rate of reaction?
Able to give the statement of the problem less accurately.

Response in question form.
Sample answer:
Does the increase / decrease in temperature 2

increase/decrease the rate of reaction? //
How does the increase/decrease in temperature affect the

rate of reaction?
Able to give an idea of statement of the problem.
Sample answer:
Does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
The increase/decrease in temperature will increase

/decrease the rate of reaction. // 1
The higher / lower in temperature will increase /decrease

the rate of reaction. //
To investigate the effect of temperature to the rate of

reaction.

34
5(ii) Able to state the three variables correctly
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable:
Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution
3
Rate of reaction // Time taken for mark ‘X’ to become
invisible /disappear
Constant variable:
Volume and concentration of sodium thiosulphate/
sulphuric acid / size of conical flask
Able to state any two variables correctly 2
Able to state any one variables correctly 1
35
5 (iii) Able to state the relationship correctly between the
manipulated variable and the responding variable with
direction.
Sample answer:
The higher/lower the temperature of sodium thiosulphate
solution, the higher/lower the rate of reaction. //
The higher/lower the temperature of sodium thiosulphate

solution, the shorter/longer the time taken for mark ‘X’ to
3
disappear from sight/view //
The increase/decrease in temperature of sodium

thiosulphate solution will increase/decrease the rate of
reaction. //
When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution

increase /decrease, the rate of reaction will
increase/decrease.
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated

variable and the responding variable with direction.
Sample answer:
The higher/lower the temperature, the higher/lower the
rate of reaction. //
2
The higher/lower the temperature, the shorter/longer the
time taken for mark ‘X’ to disappear //
The increases/decreases in temperature will increase

/decrease the rate of reaction. //
Able to state the idea of hypothesis.
Sample answer;
1
Different temperature, different reactivity. //
Temperature changes, the time taken is different.
0
No response or wrong response
36
5 (iv) Able to give complete list of materials and apparatus
Sample answer:
Materials:
Sodium thiosulphate solution, sulphuric acid.
3
Apparatus:
Conical flask, ,bunsen burner, measuring cylinder (10 ml),
measuring cylinder (50 ml), stop-watch, filter /white
/cardboard paper.
Able to give complete list of materials and four apparatus as

following.
Answer:
Materials:
2
Sodium thiosulphate solution, sulphuric acid.
Apparatus :
Conical flask, thermometer, bunsen burner, filter / white
/cardboard paper.
Able to give at least one substances and at least one

apparatus. 1
37
5 (v) Able to list all the steps correctly
Sample Answer:
1. ‘X ‘mark is drawn on a piece of white/filter/

cardboard paper.
2. 50 cm3 of sodium thiosuphate solution [(0.01-1.0)
mol dm-3] is measured with a (50 cm3 ) measuring
cylinder and is poured into a conical flask.
3. The solution is slowly heated until 30 oC.
4. 5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid [(0.1- 2.0) mol dm-3] is
measured with a (10 cm3) measuring cylinder and is
3
added to the conical flask. A stop-watch is started
immediately.
5. The conical flask is swirled and is placed on a
white/filter/cardboard paper with a mark ‘X’.
6. The ‘X’ mark is observed vertically from the top
through the solution.
7. The stop-watch is stopped immediately when the ‘X’
mark cannot be seen. Time is recorded.
8. The experiment is repeated by using the sodium
thiosuphate solution at 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC and 70 oC
respectively.
Able to list down steps 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 2
Able to give an idea to step 4. 1
38
5 (vi) Able to tabulate the data with following aspects
1. Correct titles with units

2. Complete list of temperatures
Sample answer:
Temperature Time 2
(oC) (s)
30
40
50
60
70
Able to contruct a table.
1. At least 1 titles correct without units

2. Incomplete list of tempereatures
Sample answer:
Temperature 1
30
39
Experiment 2: 2HCl + Zn  ZnCl2 + H2

5 (i) Able to give the statement of the problem accurately.
Response is in question form.
Sample answer:
Does the temperature of hydrochloric acid solution affect

the rate of reaction? //
3
How does the temperature of hydrochloric acid solution
How does the high / low temperature of solution affect the

rate hydrochloric acid of reaction?
Able to give the statement of the problem less accurately.

Response in question form.
Sample answer:
Does the increase / decrease in temperature 2

increase/decrease the rate of reaction? //
How does the increase/decrease in temperature affect the

rate of reaction?
Able to give an idea of statement of the problem.
Sample answer:
Does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
The increase/decrease in temperature will increase

1
/decrease the rate of reaction. //
The higher / lower in temperature will increase /decrease

the rate of reaction. //
To investigate the effect of temperature to the rate of

reaction.
40

5 (ii) Able to state the three variables correctly
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable:
Temperature of hydrochloric acid
3
Responding variable:
Rate of reaction // Volume of gas per unit time
Constant variable:
Mass/size of zinc //
Volume and concentration of hydrochloric acid
Able to state any two variables correctly 2
Able to state any one variables correctly 1
41
5 (iii) Able to state the relationship correctly between the
manipulated variable and the responding variable with
direction.
Sample answer:
The higher/lower the temperature of hydrochloric acid, the
higher/lower the rate of reaction. //
The higher/lower the temperature of hydrochloric acid, the

higher/lower the volume of the hydrogen gas release per 3
unit time //
The increase/decrease in temperature of hydrochloric acid

will increase/decrease the rate of reaction. //
When the temperature of hydrochloric acid

increases/decreases, the rate of reaction will
increase/decrease.

variable and the responding variable with direction.
Sample answer:
rate of reaction. //
2
volume of the hydrogen gas released per unit time. //
The increase/decrease in temperature will

increase/decrease the rate of reactions. //
Sample answer;
1
Different temperature, different reactivity. //
Temperature changes, the time taken is different.
42
5 (iv) Able to give complete list of materials and apparatus
Sample answer:
Materials:
Zinc, hydrochloric acid
3
Apparatus:
Conical flask, thermometer , bunsen burner, stop-watch
measuring cylinder (50 ml), delivery tube and stopper,
burette, basin,
Able to give all materials and five apparatus as following.
Answer:
Materials:
Zinc, hydrochloric acid 2
Apparatus :
Conical flask, thermometer, bunsen burner, delivery tube,
burette
Able to give at least one substance and at least one

apparatus. 1
43
5 (v) Able to list all the steps correctly
Sample Answer:
1. Burette is filled with water and inverted into a basin

containing water.
2. The burette is clamped vertically using retort stand.
3. Initial reading of burette is recorded.
4. [20-50] cm3 of hydrochloric acid [(0.01-1.0) mol
dm-3] is measured with a (50 ml) measuring cylinder
and is poured into a conical flask.
5. The solution is slowly heated until 30 oC. 3
6. 2 g of zinc is weighed, and is put into the conical
flask.
7. The conical flask is closed immediately with a
stopper which is joined to the delivery tube and
the stopwatch is started.
8. The burette reading is recorded at interval of 30
seconds until the reaction is completed.
9. The experiment is repeated by using the
hydrochloric acid at 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC and
70 oC respectively.
Able to list down steps 1, 4, 6, 8, 9 2
Able to give an idea to step 6. 1
44
5 (vi) Able to tabulate the data with following aspects
1. Correct titles with units

2. Complete list of temperatures
Sample answer:
Temperature Time 2
(oC) (s)
30
40
50
60
70
Able to contruct a table.
1. At least 1 titles correct without units

2. Incomplete list of tempereatures
Sample answer:
Temperature 1
30
45
6 (a) 2H+ + S2O32- → S + SO2 + H2O
- all formulae correct 1
- equation balanced 1
(b) Rate of reaction = fixed mass of sulphur formed / time.
- fixed mass of sulphur formed 1
- / time 1
(c) Factor Effect
Concentration of The higher the concentration, the higher the 1
acid rate of reaction 1
Concentration of The higher the concentration, the higher the 1
thiosulphate rate of reaction 1
solution
Temperature of acid The higher the temperature, the higher the 1
rate of reaction 1
Temperature of The higher the temperature, the higher the 1
thiosulphate rate of reaction 1
solution
any two factors and corresponding effects from the above 4
(d) To investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction.
1 Measure 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution* with 1
a measuring cylinder and pour into a conical flask.
2 The conical flask is placed on top of a filter paper marked with a ‘X’ 1
mark.
3 Measure 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid** with a 10 cm3 1
measuring cylinder.
4 Pour the acid into the conical flask quickly and carefully, at the 1
same time start a stop watch.
5 Swirl the mixture in the conical flask slowly 1
6 Observe the ‘X’ mark on the filter paper from vertically above 1
through the solution.
7 When ‘X’ marked is not visible through the mixture, stop the stop 1
watch and record the time taken
8 Discard the content in the conical flask and clean the conical flask 1
properly with a brush.
9 Repeat step 1 to 7 by using the volume of sodium thiosulphate 1
solution, distilled water and acid as shown :
Volume of Volume of Volume of Time taken /
solution / distilled acid / cm 3 s
cm 3 water
/ cm3
45 5 5
40 10 5
35 15 5
30 20 5
46
[Table showing the above with volume of acid fixed and time 1
10 recorded ]
11 Plot a graph of concentration against time // time against

concentration// concentration against 1/time // 1/time against
concentration 1
12 - graph
Time / s
13 Concentration /moldm-3
14 [ inference from graph]

As the concentration increases, the time taken decreases 1
[conclusion]
The higher the concentration, the higher the rate of reaction. 1
* replace with acid if factor is concentration of acid
** replace with sodium thiosulphate solution if factor is
concentration of acid
OR To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction.
1 Measure 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution using 1

a measuring cylinder and pour into a conical flask.
2 Measure the temperature of the solution using a thermometer 1
3 Place the conical flask on top of a piece of white paper with a 'X'
marked at the centre 1
4 Measure 5 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid using a 10 cm3
measuring cylinder. 1
5 Then pour the sulphuric acid quickly and carefully into the conical
flask and start a stop watch immediately. 1
6 Swirl the mixture in the conical flask a few times. Then place the
conical flask back on the white paper. 1
47
7 Look at the 'X' mark vertically from above through the solution.
8 Stop the stopwatch immediately once the mark 'X' can no longer be 1
seen and record the time t taken .
9 Discard the content in the conical flask and clean the conical flask 1
properly with a brush.
10 Repeat steps 1 to 9 by heating the sodium thiosulphate solution to 1
35°C, 40°C, 450C and 50°C respectively at step 2. All other
conditions remain unchanged.
1
11 A graph of time against temperature / temperature against time 1

// 1/ time against temperature / temperature against 1/ time is
plotted
12 Graph 1
Time / s
Temperature / 0C
13 [Inference from graph] :

when the temperature is high, time is low / 1/time is high 1
14 [Conclusion] :
the higher the temperature, the higher the rate of reaction 1
max 12
Total 20
48
AFVC

SKEMA JAWAPAN
SPM 2018
CHEMISTRY FORM 5
CHAPTER 2
CARBON COMPOUNDS
A CARBON COMPOUNDS
B ALKANES
C ALKENES
D ISOMERISM
E ALCOHOLS
F CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
G ESTERS
H FATS
I NATURAL RUBBER
49
SOALAN OBJEKTIF
ALKANE / ALKANE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A B A C C C C C C B
ALKENA / ALKENE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B A D A C C B
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
C D D A A B D
ALKOHOL / ASID KARBOKSILIK / ESTER

ALCOHOL / CARBOXYLIC ACID / ESTER
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B D C A C D D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A D C C A A A A
FATS AND NATURAL RUBBER

LEMAK DAN GETAH ASLI
1 2 3 4 5 6
D C B A A D
50
SKEMA JAWABAN SOALAN STRUKTUR
1 a Sebatian karbon yang mengandungi unsure karbon dan hydrogen sahaja 1
b i) Alkana 1
ii) butana 1
iii) C 4H10 1
c i) 58 1
ii) 0.0725 g ( tunjukkan carakira) 3
d 1,2-diklorobutana 1
1
H H H H
H–C–C–C–C–H
H H Cl Cl
10
2 a Sebatian karbon yang mempunyai formula molekul yang sama tetapi 1

formula struktur yang berbeza
b X : pentana 1
Y : 2-metilbutana 1
c i) Cn H2n+2 1
ii) Tidak larut dalam air/ Neutral / Tidak alirkan arus elektrik
mana-mana 2 2
d Lapisan tanpa warna terapung di atas permukaan air 1
Ketumpatan X kurang daripada ketumpatan air 1
e C5 H12 + 8 O2  5CO2 + 6 H2 O 2
f Tiada UV atau cahaya matahari 1
11
3 a i) Alkena 1
ii) Ikatan ganda dua antara karbon-karbon 1
iii) Cn H2n 1
b Takat didih but-1-ene lebih tinggi 1
Kerana jisim molekul bertambah 1
Tarikan antara molekul bertambah 1
c C 3H6 Cl2 ; 1,2- dikloropropana 2
51
d H
2
H- C- H
H H H H H H
H C = C - C - H H C - C = C - C -H
H H H H H H H
,
10
4 a i) Hidrokarbon yang mengandungi kurang atom hydrogen disebabkan 1

kehadiran ikatan ganda dua antara karbon-karbon.
ii) etena 1
b i) Asid phosforik, suhu 300 C, tekanan 60 atm 1
ii) Alkena  alkohol 1
c i) Nikel 1
ii) H H 1
H H
+ H2 H–C–C –H
H–C=C–
H H H
d i) Dehyfration 1
2
ii)
Jumlah 9
52
5 a i) But-1-ena 1
Butana 1
ii)
H H H H 1
H C = C - C - C -H
H H
b Dehydration Diagram (4d(ii) ) 2
c i) Agen pengoksidaan 1
ii) bertindakbalas dengan Mg hasilkan gas hydrogen 2
bertindak balas dengan karbonat logam menghasilkan gas karbon
dioksida
6 a Penapaian 1
b Mempunyai unsure lain selain daripada Hidrogen dan Karbon di dalam 1
sebatiannya
c i) C nH2n+1 OH 1
ii) etanol 1
d i) Z adalah sejenis asid 1
ii) H O 1
H C - C - OH
H
E i) Acid : propanoik asid 1

Alcohol : etanol 1
ii) Formula struktur 1

9
7 a i) Alcohol 1
C 2H5 OH 1
b Bulatkan COOH 1
c Y bertindak balas dengan logam Mg hasilkan gas Hidrogen manakala X 2
tidak
Atau Y bertinda balas dengan karbonat logam hasilkan gas karbon
dioksida
manakala X tidak
d i) Sebatian X direfluks dengan kalium dikromate(VI) berasid dan asid 2
sulfurik
53
ii) Rujuk buku teks amali 2
e Etil etanoat 1
10
8 a i) 100 C 1
ii) Menjadi keruh 1
iii) C 2H5 OH + 7/2 O2  2CO2 + 3H2 O 2
b i) Asid propanoik , formula struktur 1
ii) Pengawet / perisa 1
iii) Mangkin , propel propanoate 1
c i) Alcohol : etanol 2
Asid : asid propanoik
ii) Bau harum buah buahan 1
10
9 a Penghidrogenan 1
b i) Phosforik asid, suhu 300 C , 60 atm 1

ii) C 2H4 + H2  C2 H6 1
c Asid Etanoik 1
d C 2H5 OH  C 2H4 + H2O 1
e i) Pengesteran 1
ii) Mudah meruap / tak larut dalam air atau mana sifat yang sesuai 1
iii) Formula struktur etil etanoate 1
Jumlah 8
10 a Cn H 2n+2 1
b A – ikatan ganda dua antara atom karbon-karbon 1

D- karboksil 1
c H 2
H H H H H- C- H
H H
H C - C - C - C -H H C - C - C - H
H H H H H H H
,
d Butyl propanoat ; lukis formula struktur 2
54
e i) C4 H8 + 6 O2  4 CO2 + 4 H2 O 1
(ii) mol A = 0.2 mol

Mol CO2 = 0.8 mol 3
Bil molekul = o.8 x 6.02 x 1023
11
SKEMA JAWABAN ESSEI

Skema Jawapan : ESSEI
1 (a) (i) Formula umum alkana ialan CnH2n+2 di mana n =1, 2, 3, ….. 1
(ii) Nama ahli Formual molekul

Metana CH4 1
Etana C2H6 1
Propana C3H8 1
(iii) ciri–ciri siri homolog bagi ahli–ahlinya
• perbezaan atom–atom dalam molekul antara satu ahli dengan ahli
berikutnya ialah –CH2 / jisim molekul relatif berbeza sebanyak 14 unit
• mempunyai kumpulan berfungsi yang sama / semua atom dalam
moleku diikat dengan ikatan kovalen
• takat lebur / takat didih / ketumpatan bertambah dengan
pertambahan bilangan atom karbon per molekul (jisim molekul)
* keadaan fizik berubah secara beransu–ansur / berubah dari gas
ke
cecair ke pepejal dengan pertambahan bilangan atom karbon
per 4
molekul (jisim molekul)
• menunjukkan sifat kimia yang serupa
(iv) Dua sifat kimia

1 Alkana (atau metana) membakar dalam oksigen berlebihan 1
menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan air
2 Alkana (atau metana) bertindak balas dengan klorin dalam 1

kehadiran cahaya matahari menghasilkan kloroalkana(atau
klorometana) dan hidrogen klorida atau persamaan seimbang
55
(b) Pertukaran alkohol kepada alkena secara pengdehidratan etanol 1
kepada etena
Senarai radas dan bahan kimia

1
Wul kaca, tabung didih/tabung uji, serpihan porselin, penunu bunsen,
bikar 500 cm3, kaki retort dan pengapit, air dan etanol
Prosedur
- Wul kaca yang telah basahkan dengan etanol diletak di dasar 1
tabung uji/ didih
-Bahagian tengah tabung kemudian dipenuhkan dengan serpihan 1

porselin/ aluminium oksida
- Mulanya bahagian tengah tabung uji dipanaskan dengan kuat dan 1

kemudian bahagian hujung tabung uji dihangat.
- Gas yang dibebaskan dapat dikumpulkan dalam tabung uji yang 1

ditelangkupkan melalui sesaran air ke bawah. /
Gas yang mula–mula
keluar daripada hujung salu tidak dikumpulkan kerana gas itu adalah
udara
Mengenalkan gas
- Sedikit air bromin ditambahkan ke dalam tabung uji berisi gas dan 1
tabung uji digoncang
- Warna perang air bromin dinyahwarnakan.
56
20
2 (a)
1
1
Butan-1-ol Butan-2-ol
1
1
2-methylpropan-1-ol 2-methylpropan-2-ol
4
Choose any two structural formula and correct name.
(b)
Aspect P Q
Type of compound hydrocarbon Non-hydrocarbon 1
Homologous alkene Carboxylic acid
series
Type of atom Contains carbon Contains carbon 1
present atoms and atoms, hydrogen
hydrogen atoms atoms and oxygen
only atom 1
Solubility in water Insoluble in water Soluble in water
1
Functional group Carbon-carbon Carboxyl group
double bond 1
Reaction with Decolourises Does not change the
bromine water brown bromine brown colour of 1
water bromine water
57
Reaction with Decolourises Does not change the 1
acidified potassium purple colour of purple colour of
manganate(VII) potassium potassium
solution manganate(VII) manganate(VII) 1
solution solution
General formula CnH2n, n=2,3,… CnH 2n+1COOH, n=0,1,… Max 6
(c) Apparatus : test tubes, dropper

Materials: bromine water // acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution, hexane, hexene 1
Procedure:
1. 2 cm3 of liquid in bottle X is poured into two separate test 1
tubes.
2. 2 to 3 drops of bromine water are added to two test 1
Tubes
3.The mixture is shaken. 1
4.Any observation is recorded. 1
5. Step 1 to 3 are repeated using liquid in bottle Y to 1
replace liquid in bottle X.
Observation:
Liquid in bottle X Liquid in bottle Y
Brown bromine water No visible change.
decolourises // purple 1+1
acidified potassium
manganate (VII) solution
decolourises
Liquid in bottle X is hexene 1

Liquid in bottle Y is hexane 1
__
10
T0TAL 20
58
Quest Explanation Mar Σ
ion k Mark
No.
3(a) 1. Hexene is a unsaturated hydrocarbon while hexane 1
is a saturated hydrocarbon
2. Hexene has a double bond between carbon and 1
carbon atoms
3. Undergoes addition reaction when it reacts with 1
bromine water
4. Hexane has single bond between carbon and 1
carbon atoms
5. Cannot react with bromine water 1 5
6. % of C in C6H14 = 6(12) x 100%

86 1
7. = 83.72% 1
8. % of C in C6H12 = 6(12) x 100%
84 1
9. = 85.71% 1
10. The percentage of carbon atoms in C6H12 is higher than C6H14 1 5
Total marks
10
(b)
Homologous Functional
General formula Member
series group
Alkene CnH2n Carbon – Ethene
carbon double
bonds
(or C = C)
Alcohol CnH2n+1OH Hydroxyl group Ethanol
(or –OH ) 10
Carboxylic CnH2n+1COOH Carboxyl group Ethanoic acid
acid (or COOH)
59
4(a) Aim
To prepare two different types of ester using the same carboxylic acid with different
alcohols and describe their scents.
(b) Hypothesis
Different alcohol produces different ester.
(c) Substances
Methanol, ethanol, butanoic acid, concentrated sulphuric acid.
Apparatus
Measuring cylinder, test tubes, beakers, round bottom flask, Bunsen burner,
dropper, retort stand, test tube holder, condenser Liebig
(d) Procedure
1. Using a measuring cylinder, 25 cm3 of methanol and 50 cm3 of butanoic acid is
separately measured and poured into a round bottom flask.
2. The mixture is then stirred.
3. Using a dropper, 10 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid is added and the
apparatus is set up for reflux.
4. The mixture is then heated under reflux.
5. Ester is collected in a conical flask, smelled and its scent recorded.
6. Step 1 to step 5 is repeated by replacing methanol with ethanol while butanoic
acid is used in both experiments.
(e) Tabulation of data

Alcohol Carboxylic acid Scent
[17 marks]
60
5
(a) Aim of experiment
To compare the elasticity of vulcanized and unvulcanized rubber.
(b) All the variables

Manipulated variable: Vulcanized rubber and unvulcanized rubber
Responding variable: Change in length of rubber strip
Fixed variable : Length (size) of rubber strip, mass of weight
(c) Statement of the hypothesis

Vulcanized rubber is more elastic than vulcanized rubber.
(d) Substances
Vulcanized rubber strip, unvulcanized rubber strip
Apparatus
Retort stand and clamps, Bulldog clips, metre rule, 50 g weight
(e) Procedure
[Please refer to Practical chemistry book page 63 for complete diagram and
procedure.]
(f) Tabulation of data
Length with weight Length after removal

Initial length / cm
/cm of weight / cm
Vulcanized
rubber
Unvulcanized
rubber
61
6 (i)
Natural rubber Vulcanised rubber
Soft Hard
Less resistant to heat Resistant to heat
Less elastic Very elastic
3
(ii) Bacteria in latex produces acid (H+ions)
Hydrogen ions in acid neutralise the negative charges on
the particles (protein membrane) of rubber.
This will enable the rubber particles to come closer, collide
each other resulting in breakage of protein membrane
4
Rubber molecules combine with one another and entangled
then the latex coagulate.
(iii) -Hydroxide ions, OH- from the aqueous ammonia solution neutralise the
lactic acids produced by the bacteria in the latex. 4
-the negatively charged on the membrane of the colloidal particles remain.
-the repelling forces between the particles keep them apart.
-no coagulation of latex occurs
(iv) - Positively charged H+ ions from the acids neutralise the negatively
charged membranes of the colloidal particles.
- Repelling forces between
colloidal particles disappear.
-collisions of these neutral particles cause their membranes to break up,
rubber polymers are set free.
-The free rubber polymers combine together to form large lumps.

4
62
AFVC

SKEMA JAWAPAN
SPM 2018
CHEMISTRY FORM 5
CHAPTER 3
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION
A REDOX REACTIONS
B RUSTING AS A REDOX REACTION
C THE REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS
AND ITS APPLICATION
D ELECTROLYTIC AND CHEMICAL CELLS
63
1 C 11 A 21 C 31 A 41 A 51 C 61 B 71 B
2 B 12 B 22 A 32 D 42 C 52 D 62 A 72 D
3 A 13 B 23 C 33 A 43 B 53 A 63 C 73 C
4 C 14 B 24 D 34 B 44 A 54 D 64 B 74 B
5 D 15 A 25 B 35 C 45 B 55 B 65 C 75 D
6 C 16 A 26 B 36 B 46 B 56 A 66 B 76 D
7 B 17 C 27 C 37 A 47 B 57 C 67 C
8 B 18 B 28 D 38 B 48 C 58 D 68 C
9 C 19 C 29 A 39 B 49 D 59 A 69 A
10 C 20 A 30 A 40 B 50 A 60 B 70 A
64
Kertas 2
1 (a) To allow the movement of ions. 1
(b)
e G e
e e
Electrode P Electrode Q
Potassium iodide
Chlorine water
solution
Dilute sulphuric acid
(c) (i) Colourless change to brown 1

(ii) Place a few drops of starch solution. 1
A blue precipitate is formed.
(d) Iodide ion // potassium iodide 1
Loss electron//increase in oxidation number 1
(e) Cl2 + 2e  2Cl- 1
(f) Bromine water // acidified KMnO4 solution // acidified 1
K2Cr2O7 solution
(g) 0 to -1 1
2 (a) (i) White residue : magnesium oxide

Black powder : carbon
1
(ii) 2Mg + CO2  2MgO + C
Formula of reactant and product correct 1
Balance 1
(iii) CO2 1
Loss oxygen // oxidation number of carbon 1
decrease
(b) (i) +2 to +3 1
(ii) Chlorine water // [another oxidising agent] 1
(c) Experimen II:

Iron(II) ion acts as reducing agent//Reduce 1
manganate(VII) ion to manganese(II) ion.
Iron(II)ion lose electron 1
Experimen III:
65
Iron(II) ion acts as oxidising agent// Oxidise 1
zinc to zinc ion 1
Iron (II) ion gain electron
3 (a) (i) Yellow/Brown 1

(ii) Add sodium hydroxide solution/ potassium 1
hexacyanoferrate(II) solution/potassium thiocyanate solution 1
Brown precipitate/ Dark blue precipitate/ Blood red solution
formed
(b) +2 to +3 1
(c) Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution 1
(d) (i) Reduction 1
(ii) X + (-2)4 = -1 1
X=+7
Oxidation number of Mn = +7 1
(iii) 2I-  I2 + 2e 1
(iv) From potassium iodide solution to potassium manganate(VII) 1
solution through external circuit
4 (a) (i) [able to state the change in oxidation number and type of
reaction correctly]
Example: 1
Change in oxidation number : – 3 to 0
(ii) [Able to state the type of reaction correctly]
Example : Oxidation 1
(b) (i) [able to compare reaction using bromine and chlorine gas
correctly] 1
Example: Reaction using chlorine gas more reactive
(ii) [able to explain the difference correctly]
Example: Size of chlorine atom is smaller than bromine atom 1
The force of attraction between the nucleus and the
valence 1
electron is stronger in chlorine atom
(c) (i) [able to state the role of bromine]
Example: As an oxidizing agent 1
(ii) [able to explain thefunction of bromine]
Example : oxidation number of bromine reduces from 0 to – 1
// bromine accepts electrons from Fe 2+ ions 1
(d) [able to give a test to show that reaction has occurred]
Example : Aqueous sodium hydroxide / aqueous ammonia /
potassium thiocyanide solution is added to product 1
Brown precipitate/blood red solution is formed 1
66
(e) [able to give the observation for the tetrachloromethane
layer] 1
Example : The tetrachloromethane layer turns purple colour
5 (a) Chemical reaction that involves oxidation and reduction 1

occurring simultaneously / at the same time
(b) To allow the movement of ions in order to complete the circuit 1
(c ) Must show in the diagram: electron flows from electrode P to 1

Q
(d) 2I- I2 + 2e
1. Correct formulae of reactant and product 1
2. balance 1
(e) Brown solution turns dark blue 1
(f) (i) 6 // +6 1
(ii) Reduction 1
(iii) 1. Oxidation number of Chromium decreases 1
2. from +6 to + 3 1
(ii) Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution // Bromine water 1
// chlorine water
6 (a) Colourless solution turns to brown 1

(b) (i) Iodine 1
(ii) Description of method 1
Name of reagent 1
Observation 1
Sample answer:
Add a few drops of starch solution / CCl4 into a test
tube containing the mixture from b(i). Dark blue /
purple colouration is observed.
(iii) Br2 + 2I- → 2Br- + I2 1
(c) (i) 0 to -1 1
(ii) Potassium iodide 1
(iii) Oxidation number increase / undergoes oxidation 1
reaction / it release electron in the reaction.
67
(d) Iodine, bromine, chlorine 1
7 (a) Acidified Potassium manganate(VII) 1

(b) +7 1
(c) reduction 1
(d) (i) Colourless solution turn brown 1
(ii) 2I- → I2 + 2e 1
(iii) Iodide ion release electron 1
(e) To allow the flow of ion from both electrolytes 1
(f) Functional diagram of simple cell 1
Label 1
8 (a) (i) Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution 1
(ii) Fe2+ ------------- Fe3+ + e- 1
Green solution turns to colourless 1
(iii) From electrod carbon X to Y 1
(iv) X + 4 (-2) = -1 1
X + (-8) = -1
X = +7 1
(b) (i) Cl2 + 2I- ----------- I2 + 2Cl- 1
(ii) An oxidizing agent//substance 1
(iii) -1 to 0 1
(iv) Bromine water 1
9 (a) (i)
Redox reaction 1
2Fe 2+ + Cl2  2Fe 3+ + 2Cl-
(ii)
Correct chemical formulae of reactants and products 1
Balance the equation correctly. 1
(iii) Sodium hydroxide solution is added slowly into the product until 1
in excess.
Brown precipitate that is insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide 1
solution is produced
(b) (i) Pink colouration / spot is observed 1
(ii) Blue colouration / spot is observed 1
(c) When iron is in contact with zinc, iron does not rust. 1
When iron is in contact with copper, iron rusts. 1
(d) Apply grease on the surface//apply paint on the surface // 1
galvanising // tin plating
10 (a) (i) To detect the presence of iron(II) ions / Fe2+.
68
(ii) Fe → Fe2+ + 2e
(iii) Test tube B. 1
Iron/Ferum is more electropositive than P. 1
(iv) Q, Fe, P
(b) (i) …5…Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ → 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + …4... H2O

(ii) purple to colourless
(iii) Iron(II) ion // Fe2+ 1
Oxidation number of iron increased // Fe2+ donate 1
electron
(iv) Add sodium hydroxide/ammonia solution. 1
Brown precipitate formed. 1
1 (
1 a)
Water rust
Oxygen droplet
Oxygen
Iron 2
Negative terminal// anode : Fe  Fe2+ + 2e

Positive terminal// cathode : O2 + 2H2O + 4e  4 OH-
iron(II) ions produced combined with the hydroxide ions 1
to form Fe(OH)2 1
Fe(OH)2 is oxidized by oxygen to form rust / Fe2O3 x.H2O 1
1
1
69
No Explanation Mark
12
(a)(i) Able to state the function of hydrochloric acid
Answer 1
To allow the flow of ions
(ii) Able to mark the electron flow; from KI to KMnO4 through external circuit
1
(iii) Able to State the colour change

Answer
Purple to colourless 1
(iv) Able to Name the reducing agent

Answer
Iodide ion / potassium iodide 1
(v) Able to Write the half equation

Answer
2I-  I2 + 2e 1
(b)(i) Able to State the observation

Answer
Green to brown 1
(ii) Able to state the change in the oxidation number of bromine

Answer
0 to -1 1
(iii) Able to Write the ionic equation

Answer
Br2 + 2Fe2+  2Br- + 2Fe3+
1 Correct formulae of reactants & products 1

2 Balance the equation 1
(iv) Able to Describe a test to confirm the product formed
1 Correct procedure
2 Correct corresponding observation
Sample Answer
1 Add sodium hydroxide solution // potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) solution
// potassium thiocyanate solution // ammonia solution 1+1
2 Brown precipitate // dark blue precipitate // blood red colouration //
70
Brown precipitate
13 (a) Colourless to brown 1

(b) 2I-  I2 + 2e 1
(c) -1 to 0 1
(d)(i Reduction 1
)
(ii) MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e  Mn2+ + 4H2O 2
(iii) Oxidizing agent 1
(iv) Acidified solution of potassium dichromate(VI)/ bromine water 1
(e) From potassium iodide solution to acidified potassium 1
manganate(VII) through the external circuit.
(f) To allows movement of ions // to allows ions to pass through it 1
// to complete the electric curcuit
ESEI
No Explanation Mark ∑
1 mark
a)(i) Able to explain the meaning of redox based on the oxidation number
Sample answer
1. Combustion of Mg in air // any suitable examples 1
2. Magnesium is oxidized because its oxidation number increases / change
from 0 to +2. 1
3. Oxygen is reduced because its oxidation number decreases/ change from
0 1
to -2. 1
4. Oxidation and reduction occurs simultaneously/ at same time / together.
6
(ii) Able to explain why neutralization is not a redox reaction
1. Correct name of acid and alkali // balanced equation 1
2. No change in charge of all ions involved // No change in oxidation number
of all elements. 1
b)(i) Able to give correct explanation
Fe2+ ion releases 1 electron to form Fe3+ // Fe2+ is oxidized 1

Bromine atom accepts 1 electron to form Br- // Bromine is reduced. 1
Fe2+ is the reducing agent 1
71
(ii) Able to give correct explanation 6
Fe2+ ion gains 2 electrons to form Fe atom 1
Fe2+ is reduced // Fe2+ shows decrease in oxidation number 1
Fe2+ is the oxidizing agent 1
(c)
Carbon electrode
Bromine water
Iron (II) sulphate solution
// any iron(II) salt solution
Dilute sulphuric acid
Diagram:
1. Functional diagram 1
2. Label : carbon electrodes, bromine water, ‘any’ iron(II) salt solution,
sulphuric acid 1
Procedure:
3. A U-tube is half-filled with dilute sulphuric acid
4. Carefully / Using a dropper, the left arm is filled with bromine water and 1
the right arm with iron (II) sulphate solution.
5. One carbon rod is immersed in bromine water and the other in iron (II) 1
solution.
6. Complete the circuit with galvanometer // connect two rods with wire to 1
galvanometer.
1
Half Equation:
7. Negative terminal : Fe2+  Fe3+ + e 1
8. Positive terminal : Br2 + 2e  2Br - 1
Observation (Change in colour )
9. Bromine water: reddish-brown / brown is decolourised / to colourless 1

10. Iron(II) sulphate : light / pale green changes to yellow / brown 1
72
8
max
2 (a) Oxidation is a process of an increase in the oxidation number 1

of a substance.
Reduction is a process of a decrease in the oxidation number
of a substance. 1……… 2
(b) (i) 1. [Example of neutralization reaction] 1

2. [Oxidation number of elements] 1
3. No change in oxidation numbers 1
(ii) 1. [Example of precipitation reaction] 1

2. [Oxidation number of elements] 1
3. No change in oxidation numbers 1……… 6
(c) Process I
[Ionic equation] :
2Fe3+ + Zn → 2Fe2+ + Zn2+ 1+1
Substance :
Oxidised : Zinc
Reduced : Iron(III) ion / Fe3+ 1
Oxidizing agent : Iron(III) ion / Fe3+

Reducing agent : Zinc 1…...….4
Process II
[Ionic equation] :
2Fe2+ + Br2 → 2Fe3+ + 2Br- 1+1
Substance :
Oxidised : Iron(II) ion / Fe2+
Reduced : bromine 1
Oxidizing agent : bromine

Reducing agent : Iron(II) ion / Fe2+ 1……....4
73
Process III
[Ionic equation] :
Fe2+ + Mg → Fe + Mg2+ 1+1
Substance :
Oxidised : Magnesium
Reduced : Iron(II) ion / Fe2+ 1
Oxidizing agent : Iron(II) ion / Fe2+

Reducing agent : Magnesium 1………4
20
No MARKING CRITERIA MARK

SUB TOTAL
3 (a)
Oxidation is a loss of electrons. 1
Reduction is a gain of electrons 1 2
(b)  Magnesium / zinc / iron / lead / tin 1 1

(i) [accept symbol]
[reject Na, K, Ca]
(ii)  W is more electropositive than Cu.
 W has higher tendency to donate electrons.
 W is located above Cu in the electrochemical series
 W is able to displace Cu from its salt solution
 W is able to reduce Cu2+ ion.
 W is stronger than Cu as a reducing agent.
[Any three correct questions]
3 3
(ii)  Oxidation number of W increases from 0 to +2 1
 W undergoes oxidation 1
 Oxidation number of copper decreases from +2 to 0 1
 Cu2+ undergoes reduction 1 4
(c)
Mixture of carbon powder
and oxide X
Crucible Pipe- clay

triangle
Heat
74
1
 Correct set up of apparatus 1 2
 Label correctly
Procedure:
1. A spatula of carbon powder and a spatula of solid oxide of X are 1
mixed throughly in a crucible.
2. The mixture is heated strongly. 1
3. Any changes that occur are observed. 1
4. Step a to 3 are repeated using oxide of Y. 1
Result:
Mixture Observation
Carbon + oxide of X The mixture burns with a bright
flame / The mixture glow brightly. 1
Carbon + oxide of Y No visible change 1
Conclusion:
Carbon is more reactive than X but less reactive than Y. 1
Equation:
C + 2XO   2X + CO2
1 8
20
75
Question Explanation Mark Σ Mark
No.
4 (a) Chemical Equations : II and III 1+1
Reasons : Involving oxidation and reduction occurring 1

simultaneously/at the same time
Reaction II
Oxidation: Cu loses electron to form Cu2+
Reduction: Ag+ gain electron to form Ag
// Electron transfer from Cu to Ag+
or
Oxidation: Oxidation number of Cu increase from 0 to 2+
Reduction: Oxidation number of Ag+ decrease from +1 to 1+1
0
Reaction III
Oxidation: Zn loses electron to form Zn2+
Reduction: 2H+ gain electron to form H2
or
Oxidation: Oxidation number of Zn increase from 0 to 2+
Reduction: Oxidation number of H+ decrease from +1 to 0 1+1 Max 6
// Electron transfer from Zn to H+
(b)(i)
Bromine water 1
(ii)
Terminal Half- equation Observation
negative Fe2+  Fe3+ + e Green to 1+1
brown/yellow
positive Br2 + 2e  2Br- brown to colourless
/decolourises 1+1 5
76
(iii) Draw out 1 cm3 of the solution from terminal negative into 1 3
a test tube.
Add NaOH / NH3 solution / 1
Potassium Hexanocyanoferrate(II) solution to the test 1
tube
Observation: Brown ppt / brown ppt / dark blue ppt
respectively.
Shows that iron(II) ion is changed / oxidised to iron(III) ion
(d)
Electrolytic Cells Chemicals Cells 1+1
Energy Electrical energy Chemical Energy
change  Chemical  Electrical
energy Energy 1+1 6
Half-equation Cu  Cu2+ + 2e Zn  Zn2+ + 2e
at anode
Electron flow Electrons flow Electrons flow from 1+1
from anode to zinc to copper./ 20
cathode.
[ -1 if students does not construct a table ]
Total marks

[Able to state the relationship correctly between the manipulated
1 (a) variable and the responding variable ]
Example: 3
When a more/less electropositive metal in contact with iron, the
metal inhibits/speeds up rusting.
[Able to state the relationship incorrectly between the
manipulated variable and the responding variable]
Example: 2
The rusting of iron is inhibits/speeds up, when a more/less
electropositive metal in contact with iron,
[Able to state an idea of hypothesis]
Example:
1
The electropositivity of metals affect the rusting of iron
[No response given or wrong response] 0
77
[Able to state three variables correctly]
1 (b)
Example:
Manipulated variable: metals in contact with
iron//magnesium,copper,zinc 3
Responding variable: Presence of blue colour

Constant variable: Iron nails//temperature
[Able to state any 2 variables correctly ] 2
[Able to state any 1 variable correctly ] 1
[No response or wrong response] 0

[Able to state the inference based on the observation correctly]
1(c)
Example:
Test tube A B C D
Inferences The iron The iron The iron The iron 3
nail does nail does nail rust nail rust a
not rust not rust quickly little
2
[Able to state any two inferences correctly]
1
[Able to state any one inference correctly]

1(d) [Able to write the balanced half equations correctly ]
Example:
Oxidation: Fe Fe2+ + 2e 3
Reduction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH-
[Able to write any one equation correctly//Able to write all the 2

formula correctly but not balanced]
[ Able to state an idea to write the equation] 1
78
Question
Rubric Score
Number
[Able to state the operational definition for rusting correctly ]
Example: 3
Blue colour is formed when iron is in contact with less
electropositive metals
1(e) [Able to state the operational definition in correctly]
Example: 2
Blue colour is formed when iron is in contact with metals
[Able to state an idea ]
Example: 1
Blue colour is formed
[ No response or wrong response] 0

[Able to state the function of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
1 (f) 3
correctly]
Example:
To detect the presence of iron(II) ions
[Able to state the function of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)

2
incorrectly]
Example:
To detect the presence of iron ions
[Able to state an idea]
Example: 1
To detect the presence of ions

1(g) [Able to explain the redox reaction correctly ]
Example: 3
Because the oxidation and reduction occurring simultaneously/at
the same time
[Able to explain the redox reaction incorrectly ]
Example: 2
Because the oxidation and reduction occur
79
Example: 1
Because the oxidation / reduction occur

1(h) [Able to explain correctly]
Example: 3
Because the presence of hydroxide ions
[Able to explain incorrectly]
Example: 2
Because the presence of alkali ions
Example: 1
Alkali solution

[Able to state the change of oxidation number of iron correctly]
1 (i) 3
Example:
0 to +2// 0 +2
[Able to state the change of oxidation number of iron incorrectly]

2
Example:
0 to 2
Example: 1
2
80
1(j) [Able to classify all the three metals correctly]
Metals that cannot 3

Metals that can provide
provide sacrificial
sacrificial protection
protection
Magnesium Copper
Zinc
2
[Able to classify any two metals correctly]
[Able to classify any one metal correctly] 1

[Able to state any three ways to control rusting of iron correctly]
1 (k) 3
Example:
Using oil/grease/paints/plastics//alloying//sacrificial protection
[Able to state any two ways to control rusting of iron correctly]

2
[Able to state any one way to control rusting of iron correctly]

1
KK0510 – Memberi definisi secara operasi

Question
Rubric Score
number
2(a) Able to give the operational definition accurately
Sample answer:
Metal that burns brightly when reacts with oxygen is
the most reactive metal //
3
Metal that glows faintly when reacts with oxygen is the
least reactive metal
Able to give the operational definition correctly 2
Sample answer:
Metal that reacts with oxygen is a reactive metal
81
Able to give the idea about the operational definition 1
Sample answer:
Magnesium is the most reactive metal
KK0501 – Membuat pemerhatian

Question
Rubric Score
number
2(b) Able to state one observation accurately
Sample answer:
3
Brown solid when hot, yellow solid when cold
Able to state the observation correctly

2
Sample answer:
Brown solid when hot // yellow solid when cold
Able to state idea of the observation

1
Sample answer:
Brown / yellow solid is formed
KK0504 – Membuat inferens

Question
Rubric Score
number
2(c) Able to state an accurate inference for this experiment:
Sample answer:
Magnesium is the most reactive metal 3
Able to state the inference for this experiment:

2
Sample answer:
Magnesium is a reactive metal
82
Able to state the general inference for this experiment:
1
Sample answer:
Magnesium oxide is formed //
Magnesium reacts with oxygen
KK0510 – Mengawal pembolehubah

Able to state three variables and the way to control
2(d) them correctly:
Sample answer:
(i) Manipulated variable
Type of metals
(ii) Responding variable

Reactivity of metals / Brightness of flame or glow 3
(iii) Controlled variable

Mass of metal powder / quantity of potassium
manganate(VII)
Able to state any 2 of the above information correctly 2

Able to state any 1 of the above information correctly 1
83
KK0511 – Membuat hipotesis
2(e) variable and the responding variable correctly and with
direction
Sample answer:
The higher the metal in reactivity series, the brighter
3
the flame / glow produced //
The higher the metal in reactivity series, the reactivity
of the metal increases.

variable and the responding variable correctly and without
direction
Sample answer:
The brighter the flame / glow produced, the higher the
metal in reactivity series 2
Able to state an idea of the hypothesis
Sample answer:
The higher the metal, the brighter the flame / glow
produced // 1
The higher the metal, the reactivity of the metal
increases.
84
KK0508 – Mentafsir data
Question
Rubric Score
number
2(f) Able to arrange the metals in ascending order of
reactivity series of metals towards oxygen accurately
Sample answer:
3
Copper, lead, zinc, magnesium
Able to arrange any 3 metals in ascending order of 2

reactivity series of metals towards oxygen correctly
Sample answer:
Lead, zinc, magnesium, copper //
Magnesium, copper, lead, zinc //
Magnesium, zinc, lead, copper
Able to arrange any 2 metals in ascending order of 1

reactivity series of metals towards oxygen correctly
KK0505 – Membuat ramalan

Question
Rubric Score
number
2(g) Able to predict the position of iron in the reactivity
series of metals accurately
Answer: 3
Between zinc and lead
Able to predict the position of iron in the reactivity

series of metals correctly 2
Answer:
Below zinc // above lead
Able to predict the position of iron in the reactivity

series of metals 1
Answer:
Below magnesium // above copper
85
KK0507 – Menggunakan perhubungan ruang dan masa

2(h) Able to explain the relationship between the time to
light up and the reactivity of metal accurately
Sample answer:
Magnesium is more reactive than zinc // 3
Zinc is less reactive than magnesium
Able to explain the relationship between the time to

light up and the reactivity of metal correctly
Sample answer:
Magnesium is a more reactive metal // 2
Zinc is a less reactive metal
Able to state an idea of the relationship between the

time
to light up and the reactivity of metal
Sample answer: 1
Magnesium is a reactive metal
Able to state the aim of the experiment accurately by relating the

3 (i) reactivity of metals X and Y towards oxygen.
Sample answer:
1. To investigate/study the (relative reactivity)/reactivity
of metal X and metal Y toward oxygen 3
2. To investigate/study whether metal X is more reactive

than metal Y towards oxygen
Able to state the aim of the experiment correctly by relating the

reactivity of metals X and Y toward oxygen 2
Sample Answer:
86
1. To compare the reactivity of metal X, Y with oxygen
2. Metal X and Y react differently with oxygen
3. How to compare the reactivity of metal X, Y with oxygen
?
Able to state the idea of the aim of the experiment

1
Sample Answer:
1. Metal X and Y will react with oxygen
2. Metal X and Y react with oxygen to produced metal oxide
No response given or wrong response 0
Able to state the three variables correctly

3 (ii) 3
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable: Metal X and Metal Y
Responding variable: Reactivity of metal formed with
oxygen
Controlled variable:
Amount of oxygen gas//amount of
potassium manganate(VII)//amount of
potassium chlorate(V) and manganese(IV)
oxide
Able to state any two variables correctly
2
Able to state any one variable correctly

1
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable

3 (iii) and the responding variable and state the direction.
Sample answer:
Metal X is more reactive towards oxygen than metal Y or vice versa
3
87
// The reactivity of metal X towards oxygen is higher than metal Y
or vice versa
Able to state hypothesis of experiment

2
Sample Answer:
The reactivity of metal X and metal Y towards oxygen is different
Able to state that there is a reaction between metal X and metal Y

with oxygen. 1
Sample answer:
Metal X and Y can react with oxygen
Able to list the materials and apparatus accurately

3 (iv)
Sample answer: 3
(Finely divided) powdered metal X and Y,
potassium manganate(VII)//[potassium chlorate(V) and
manganese(IV) oxide,
Test-tube//boiling tube, retort stand with clamp, bunsen burner,
glass-wool, asbestos paper.
Able to list sufficient materials and apparatus for the experiment

1. Metal X and Y 2
2. Potassium manganate (VII)
3. Bunsen burner
4. Test tube/boiling tube
5. Asbestos paper
3(iv) Able to list two materials and one apparatus correctly

1. Metal X and Y 1
2. Oxygen gas / potassium manganate (VII)
3. Bunsen burner
88
Able to state the following 6 steps correctly.

3 (v)
Sample answer:
1. Put 1 spatula/spoonful of potassium manganate(VI) into
a boiling tube
3
2. Push in some glass wool into the boiling tube
3. Place a spatula of powdered metal X into a asbestos
boat and place it next to the glass wool inside the boiling tube
4. Heat metal X and then heat potassium manganate(VII)
strongly
5. Observe and record the brightness of the flame/glow
when metal X burns
6. Repeat steps 1 – 5 using powdered metal Y
Able to write the necessary steps of the experiment procedure
Step 1,3,4 and 6 2
Able to write the minimum experiment procedure step 4 and 6

1
No response given or wrong response
0
Able to tabulate the data which includes the following four
3 (vi) information
3
1. Heading for the manipulated variable
2. Metal X and metal Y
3. Heading for responding variable
4. 2 x 3 table or 3 x 2 table
Sample answer:
Metals Brightness of the flame/glow
X
Y
89
Able to exhibit the tabulation of data correctly 2
Sample answer:
Metals / elements Brightness of the
flame / glow/ observation
Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes of the following

information 1
Metals / elements
90
Able to give the statement of the problem accurately and response
is in question form. 3
4 (a) Sample answer:

How do different types of metals in contact with iron affect
rusting?
Able to give the statement of the problem correctly.

2
Sample answer:
How do different types of metals affect rusting?
Able to give an idea of statement of the problem correctly.
Sample answer:
1
Do metal affect rusting//
To investigate/study the effect of other metal on the corrosion of
iron.
Able to state the three variables correctly.
Sample answer:
3
Manipulated variable: Different metal in contact with iron
(b) Responding variable: Rusting of iron // Rate of rusting
Controlled variable: Iron nails// medium in which
the iron nails are kept // temperature
Able to state any two variables correctly

2
Able to state any one variables correctly
1
91
and the responding variable correctly with direction.
(c) Sample answer: 3

When a more/less electropositive metal is in contact with iron, the
metal inhibits/speeds up rusting.

and the responding variable with direction.
Sample answer:
2
The metal inhibits/speeds up rusting when a more / less
electropositive metal is in contact with iron.
Sample answer: 1
Different types of metals speeds up / inhibits rusting
Able to give adequate list of materials and apparatus.
Sample answer:
Materials
1 Iron nails
2 Magnesium ribbon, copper strip
3 Hot jelly solution with a little potassium
(d) 3
hexacyanoferrate(III) and phenolphthalein
4 Sand paper
Apparatus
1 Test tubes
2 Test tube rack
92
Able to give a list of materials and apparatus.
Sample answer:
Materials
1 Iron nails
2 Magnesium/ copper strip 2
3 Hot jelly solution with a little potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) and phenolphthalein
Apparatus
Test tube/beaker/any container
Able to give an idea of materials and apparatus.
Sample answer:
Sample answer:
Material
1
Any metal
Apparatus
Test tube/beaker/ any container
Able to state the following five steps:
Sample answer:
1 Clean all the three iron nails, magnesium ribbon and copper
strip with sand paper
2 Coil two iron nails tightly with magnesium ribbon and
copper strip respectively
(e) 3 Place all the iron nails in the different test tubes. 3
4 Pour hot jelly solution containing potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) and phenolphthalein indicator into the
test tubes until completely cover the nails.
5 Keep the test tubes in a test tube rack and leave them aside
for a day.
6 Record the observations.
Steps 2,3,4 and 6

2
93
Step 3
1
Able to tabulate the data that includes the following information :

1. Correct titles
(f) 2. Complete list of iron and the metals in contact with iron.
Sample answer :
Test Observation // Intensity of blue

tube colouration // presence of pink colouration 3
Fe
Fe +
Mg
Fe +
Cu
Able to construct a table with:

1. At least one title
2. Incomplete list of iron and the metals in contact with iron.
Sample answer :
tube/ colouration // presence of pink colouration
2
metal
Fe
only
Fe +
Mg / Cu
94
Able to construct a table
1. Heading for observation
Sample answer :
1
tube/ colouration // presence of pink colouration
metal
Fe
95
AFVC

SKEMA JAWAPAN
SPM 2018
CHEMISTRY FORM 5
CHAPTER 4
THERMOCHEMISTRY
A ENERGY CHANGES IN CHEMICAL REACTION

B HEAT OF PRECIPITATION
C HEAT OF DISPLACEMENT
D HEAT OF NEUTRALIZATION
E HEAT OF COMBUSTION
96
Objective question
C. Energy change in
A. Heat of combustion B. Heat of chemical reactions
1 C displacement 1 D
2 C 1 B 2 C
3 C 2 C 3 B
4 D 3 A 4 B
5 A 4 C 5 B
6 A 5 C 6 B
7 B 6 C 7 B
8 C 7 C 8 B
9 D 8 B 9 D
10 C
11 A
12 C
13 C
D. Heat of neutralisation E. Heat of
14 C
precipitation
1 A
1 C
2 A
2 C
3 D
3 D
4 C
4 C
5 C
5 C
6 C
6 B
7 A
7 C
8 B
8 B
9 D
9 B
10 B
97
ANSWER ENERGY CHANGES IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1.
SPM 2007/P3/Q1
(a) (i)
Initial temperature Highest
(oC) temperature (oC)
Experiment I 28.0 36.0
Experiment II 29.0 25.0
Experiment III 27.0 32.0
Experiment IV 30.0 27.0
(ii)
Experiment Initial temperature Highest
(oC) temperature (oC)
I 28.0 36.0
II 29.0 25.0
III 27.0 32.0
IV 30.0 27.0
(iii)
Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction
Experiment I Experiment II
Experiment III Experiment IV
(b) (i) 1. The mass of sodium hydroxide.

2. the volume of water in the cup.
3. The size of the polystyrene cup.
(ii) The reaction between sodium hydroxide and water is an exothermic reaction.
(c) (i) Temperature change = 4 oC
Reason 1 :
Heat energy is absorbed by the reactants from the surroundings.
Reason 2 :
The energy of the products is more than the energy of the reactants.
98
(ii) The decrease in temperature shows that endothermic reaction happens where heat
energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
(d) 1. 37 oC
2. 32 oC
3. 30 oC
(e) (i) 1. Final temperature is lower than the initial temperature.

2. The temperature reading decreases.
3. Bubbles of gas are released.
(ii) Heat energy is absorbed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydrogen
carbonate to produce sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
(iii)
Volume of carbon
dioxide gas,/cm3
Time /minute
99
HEAT OF COMBUSTION
1.
(a) The heat released when 1 mole of alcohol is completely burnt in excess oxygen.
(b (i) 1. all points are transferred correctly

) 2. draw a straight line
(ii) The greater the number of carbon dioxide molecules, more products are formed which
causes more heat to be released during the formation of bonds.
(iii Relative molecular mass of ethanol

) = (12 x 2) + (1 x 6) + 16 = 46
Number of moles ethanol = 2.3 = 0.05 mol

46
Heat released = 0.05 x 1376
= 68.8 kJ
= 68 800 J
(c) ± 4100 kJ mol-1
(d No. Because the reaction involves the cystallisation of sodium ethanoate to produce
) heat when reacting with water. It doesn’t burn in air for the production of heat energy.
(e) (i) Methanol : 715 = 22.3 kJ g-1

32
(ii) Butanol : 2679 = 36.2 kJ g-1
74
(f) Butanol,
The fuel value of butanol is the highest.
100
2.a) Able to record all readings accurately to one decimal point with unit.
Sample answer:
Set Initial thermometer Highest thermometer
reading,°C reading,°C
I 27.0 53.0 3
II 29.0 57.0
III 27.0 59.0
Able to record all readings correctly.

# readings to one decimal point without unit.
# readings without decimal point with / without unit.
Sample answer:
reading reading
I 27.0 53.0
II 29.0 57.0
III 27.0 59.0
2
OR

reading reading, °C
I 27 53
II 29 57
III 27 59
Able to record three or five readings correctly 1
101
2.b) Able to construct a table to record the initial temperature of water,
highest temperature of water and increase in temperature for Set I,
Set II and Set III
1.correct titles
2. readings and units 3
Sample answer:
Set I II III
Initial temperature, °C 27.0 29.0 27.0
Highest temperature, oC 53.0 57.0 59.0
Increase in temperature, C o 21.0 29.0 32.0
Able to construct a less accurate table that contains the following:
1. Titles
2. Readings
Sample answer:
I II III
Initial temperature 27°C 29 27°C 2
Highest temperature 53.0 57.0°C 59.0°C
Increase in temperature 26°C 28°C 32
Able to construct a table with at least one title/ reading.

Sample answer :
I II III 1
Increase in temperature
102
2.c) Able to sketch the graph of heat of combustion of alcohols against
number of carbon atoms per molecule.
The graph must have the following information:
1. The axes are labeled correctly
2. Correct unit
3. Correct curve
Sample answer: 3
Heat of combustion, kJmol-1
1 2 3 4
Number of C atom per molecule
Able to sketch the graph of heat of combustion against number of

carbon atoms
i. without units on y-axis
ii. correct curve

2
sample answer:
Heat of combustion
1 2 3 4
Number of carbon atom
103
Able to sketch the graph with only one correct information.
Sample answer:
Or
Heat of combustion /kJmol-1
Number of C
atom
2.d) Able to state three correct information from the diagram.

Sample answer:
1. The reaction is an exothermic reaction // heat energy is
released to the surrounding.
3
2. 726 KJ of heat is released when one mole of methanol is
burnt.
3. Total energy of reactant is higher than the products.
Able to state any two correct information. 2

Able to state any one correct information. 1
No response or wrong response. 0
104
2.e) Able to classify all carbon compounds correctly.
Sample answer:
Hydrocarbon Non-hydrocarbon
Ethene, C2H4 Propanol, C3H7OH 3
Methanoic acid, HCOOH
Prophyl ethanoate,
CH3COOC3H7
Able to classify at least three carbon compounds correctly. 2
Able to classify any one carbon compound correctly. 1
No response or wrong response. 0
105
HEAT OF DISPLACEMENT
1.
(a) Heat released when 1 mol of metal is displaced from its salt solution by a more
electropositive metal.
(b) Initial temperature and highest temperature.
(c) 1. Stir the mixture.

2. Add the two solutions as quickly as possible.
3. Use polystyrene or plastic cup
(any one)
(d) (i) 1. Grey solid is deposited

2. Colourless solution turns blue
3. The thermometer reading rises or the container becomes hot or warm.
(any one)
(ii) 1. Silver metal is produced

2. copper(II) ion is produced
3. exothermic reaction/ heat is released to the surroundings
(e) (i) = 0.5 x 100 = 0.05 mol

1000
(ii) = 0.05 x 105 kJ

= 5250 J
(iii) Ө = 5.25 x 1000 = 12.5 oC

100 x 4.2
(f)
Energy
Cu + Ag+
∆H = -105 kJ mol-1
Cu2+ + Ag
106
(g) 1. Mol of Ag+ = 1 x 100 = 0.1 mol
1000
2. Heat change, Ө = 0.1 x 10500 = 25 oC

100 x 4.2
3. Number of mol of Ag+ is double or concentration of silver nitrate is double.
2.
(a) Zn2+ + Cu
(b (i) ∆H = 100 x 4.2 x 20 = 8400 J

)
(ii) Number of moles CuSO4 reacted = 0.5 x 100 = 0.05 mol
1000
Heat of displacement = ___ mcө_______

Number of moles
= 8400
0.05
= -168 000 J mol-1
= -168 kJ mol-1
(c)
Energy
Zn2+ + Cu
∆H = -168 kJ mol-1
Zn2+ + Cu
(d 1. Use a plastic / polystyrene cup

) 2. add the zinc powder quickly.
3. stir the solution
(any one)
(e) The heat released when 1 mole of copper is displaced from its solution.
107
(f) Tin (Sn)
3 (a) Exothermic reaction, 1

The temperature has increase 1
(b) Mg + Cu+  Mg2+ + Cu 2
(c) Change of heat = 50 x 4.2 x 8.5 2
= 1785 J @ 1.785 kJ
(d) Number of moles of CuCl2 = 50 x 0.2 = 0.01 mol 1
1000
Heat energy release when 1 mol of Cu is displaced
= 1.785 kJ = 178.5 kJ
0.01
Heat of displacement is - 178.5 kJ mol-1 1
(e) Heat energy level diagram 2

TOTAL 10
4 (a) Heat change /released when 1 mol copper is displaced from copper 1
(II) sulphate solution by zinc
(b) (i) 50 X 4.2 X 6 J // 1260 J 1
(ii) (1.0 )(50) 1
// 0.05
1000
(iii) 1260 1
J // 25200 J mol-1
0.05
= - 25.2 kJ mol-1 1
108
(c) 1. Correct reactant and product 1
2. Correct two energy level for exothermic reaction 1
3. Correct value heat of displacement and unit 1
Sample answer
Energy
Zn + CuSO4 //
Zn + Cu2+
∆H = - 25.2 kJmol-1
ZnSO4 + Cu //
Zn2+ + Cu
(d) Blue colour becomes paller / fader 1
(e) 1260 J // 630 J 1

2
Number of mole copper (II) sulphate half 1
TOTAL 11
HEAT OF NEUTRALISATION
1. SPM 2006/P3/Q1
(a) Initial temperature of mixture : 28.0 oC
Highest temperature of mixture : 40.0 oC
Change in temperature : 12.0 oC
(b
) Experiment Experiment I Experiment II
Initial temperature of 28.0 T1
mixture/ oC
Highest l temperature of 40.0 T2
mixture/ oC
Change in temperature/ oC 12.0 T3
109
(c) Strong acid produces higher heat of neutralization than weak acid.
(d 12.5 oC - 15.0 oC
)
(e) To enable us to obtain the change in temperature for both experiments.
(f) Change in temperature = Highest temperature of mixture - Initial temperature of mixture
(g) 1. A colourless mixture of solution is obtained.

2. The vinegar smell of ethanoic acid disappears.
3. The polysterene cup becomes hot.
4. Thermometer reading is rises
(h 1. The volumes of the acid and the alkali.

) 2. The concentrations of the acid and the alkali.
3. The type of cup used in the experiment.
(i) (i) The heat of neutralization is defined as the amount of heat released when 1 mole of
water is produced.
(ii) Experiment II uses a strong acid whereas Experiment I uses a weak acid.
(j)
Name of acid Type of acid
Ethanoic acid Weak acid
Hydrochloric acid Strong acid
Methanoic acid Weak acid
2.
(a) Neutralisation
(b) H+(aq) + OH–(aq) → H2O (l)
(c) Covalent bond
(d) Change in temperature = 38 – 25 = 13 °C
110
3. SPM 2008/P2/Q6
(a) Heat released when 1 mole of hydrogen ions reacts with 1 mole of hydroxide ions to form 1
mole of water.
(b) Observation : the mixture becomes hot or temperature increase
Explanation : the reaction is exothermic
(c) (i) No. of moles of NaOH = 100 x 2 = 0.2 mol

1000
Energy released = 0.2 x 57.3

= 11.46 kJ
(ii) Temperature change = 11.46 x 1000

200 x 4.2
= 13.6 oC
(d)
Energy
NaOH + HNO3
∆H = -57.3 kJ mol-1
Na NO3 + H2O
(e) 1. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid which partially ionize in water, nitric acid is strong acid that
ionize completely in water.
2. energy is used to ionize/dissociate weak acid.
111
HEAT OF PRECIPITATION
1
.
( To reduce the heat loss to the surroundings.
a)
( ( Exothermic reaction
b) i)
( Total energy of products is less than total energy of reactants
ii)
( Mix the solutions quickly and stir the reaction mixture.
c)
( ( Number of moles Ag+ = 25 x 0.5
d) i) 100
= 0.0125 mol
( The heat change = mcө
ii) = 50 x 4.2 x (31.5-29.0)
= 525 J
( 0.0125 mol of Ag+ ions that reacted with Cl- ions released 525 J
iii) 525
1 mol of Ag+ ions that reacted with Cl- ions released = J
0.0125
= 42000 J
Heat of precipitation = -42 kJmol-1
( Heat is released to surroundings.

e)
2 a. i. Exothermic reaction
H has a negative value which indicates that heat is evolved
in the reaction // energy content of the products is lower than
that of reactants.
ii. Ba2+ + SO42– BaSO4
b. i.
112
ii.
iii.
iv. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaCl

1 mole 1 mole 1 mole 2 mole
No. of mole of BaSO4 = 0.005 mole

Mass of BaSO4 = mole X relative molecular mass
= 0.005 X 233
= 1.165 g
113
SOALAN ESEI
1. a.
Characteristic Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

Change in temperature Increase Decrease
Type of chemical reaction Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction
Energy content of reactants The total energy content of The total energy content of
and products the reactants is more than the reactants is less than the
the energy content of the energy content of the
products products
Amount of heat energy Amount of heat absorbed for Amount of heat absorbed for
absorbed/ released during the breaking of bond in the the breaking of bond in the
breaking of bonds reactant is less than heat reactant is more than heat
released during formation of released during formation of
bond in the products bond in the products
b. Exothermic:
Neutralisation
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
Displacement reaction
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
Endothermic:
Dissolve ammonium nitrate in water.
NH4NO3 (s) + H2O (l) → NH2NO3 (aq)
Decomposition of calcium carbonate:

CaCO3 (s) →CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
c. i. If heat energy is absorbed from the surroundings, it is an endothermic

reaction. The water molecules gain kinetic energy, move faster, and able
to overcome the forces between them.
ii. Water on the wet shirt evaporated
Evaporation absorbs heat energy from body
2. a. Exothermic reaction is a reaction that releases heat to the surrounding.

The energy content of the products is lower than the energy content of the
reactants.
Endothermic reaction is a reaction that absorbs heat from the surrounding.
The energy content of the products is higher than the energy content of the
reactants.
114
b. A reacts with B to form C and D.
A and B are the reactants while C and D are the products.
Heat energy is released. / the reaction is exothermic.
Total energy content of A and B/ reactant is higher than total energy content of
C and D / products.
c. Label Energy, correct level of reactants & product

- correct chemical equations
- Δ H with negative symbol and unit
d. (i) Bond breaking is endothermic/absorbs energy

and bond forming is exothermic/releases energy (1m)
more energy released than absorbed (1m)
(ii) Calculation:
No. of mole of ozone = 16g / 48 gmol-1

= 0.33 mol (1m)
Heat released = 0.33 mol x 143 kJmol-1
= 47.19 kJ (1m)
115
HEAT OF COMBUSTION
1 (a)(i) -heat of combustion is the heat released when 1 mole of ethanol burnt
completely in oxygen.
(ii) C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
- chemical formulae of reactants and products correct
- equation is balanced
(iii) Energy
2CO2 + 3H2O
ΔH = -1376 kJ mol-1
C2H5OH + 3O2
- energy is labeled for the y- axis and energy level correctly drawn
- reactants and product at the correct energy level
(iv) Relative molecular mass of ethanol = 2(12) + 6 + 16 / 46
Number of mole of ethanol = 2.3/46

= 0.05
Heat change = 0.05 x 1376 kJ

= 68.8 kJ /
= 68800 J
Temperature increased = 68800

4.2 x 500
= 32.8oC
Final temperature of water = 28.0 + 33.8

= 60.8 oC
(b) -labelled diagram

-arrangement of apparatus is functional
Procedure:
- 200cm3 of water is measured using a measuring cylinder
- and poured into a copper tin.
- The intial temperature of water is measured and recorded
- A spirit lamp is filled with butanol and weighed
116
- The spirit lamp is light and put under the copper can.
- The water is stirred continuously with a thermometer.
- When the temperature of water increased by 30oC, the flame is put
off.
- The spirit lamp is weighed again
- The highest temperature is recorded.
Results:
Mass of weight of spirit lamp +

butanol /g
Final mass of spirit lamp + butanol /g
Mass of butanol used/g
Highest temperature of water /oC
Initial temperature of water /oC
Increased in temperature /oC
-results tabulated in table form

-unit stated
2. (a) Aim of the experiment:

To compare the heat of combustion of different alcohols/ methanol, ethanol
and propan-1-ol

Manipulated variable: Type of alcohols / Methanol, ethanol and propan-1-ol
Responding variable: Heat of combustion
Controlled variable: Volume of water / copper can / thermometer
(c)
Statement of the hypothesis
The higher the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol molecules, the higher
the heat of combustion
(d)
Material: methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, water
Apparatus:
Copper can, thermometer, spirit lamp, weighing balance
117
(e) Procedure of the experiment
1. [100-250] cm3 of water is measured and poured into a copper can.
2. The initial temperature of water is recorded.
3. The copper can is placed onto a tripod stand.
4. A spirit lamp is filled with methanol and the initial mass is weighed
and recorded.
5. The spirit lamp is put under the copper can and the wick of the
lamp is lighted immediately.
6. The water is stirred with the thermometer until the temperature
rises about 30°C.
7. The flame is put off and the highest temperature is recorded.
8. The spirit lamp and its content is weighed immediately and the
final mass is recorded.
9. Steps 1-8 are repeated using ethanol and propan-1-ol to replace
methanol.
(f) Tabulation of data
Type of Initial Highest Initial mass Final mass

alcohol temperature temperature of spirit of spirit
of water /°C of water /°C lamp /g lamp /g
Methanol
Ethanol
Propan-1-ol
3 (a) Aim of experiment

To decide which fuel is more economical by determination of heat combustion
of fuel X and Y

Manipulated variable: Type of fuel / Fuel X and fuel Y
Responding variable: Mass of petrol used
Controlled variable: Volume of water / copper can
(c) Hypothesis:
The mass of fuel Y used is less than fuel X and fuel Y is more economical. /
The heat of combustion of fuel Y is greater than the heat of combustion of
fuel X. Fuel Y is more economical.
118
(d) Material:
Fuel X, fuel Y , water
Apparatus:
Copper can, thermometer, weighing scale, wooden block, pipe-clay triangle,
tripod stand
(e) Procedure of the experiment

1. [100-250] cm3 of water is measured and poured into a copper can.
2. The initial temperature of water is recorded.
3. The copper can is placed onto a tripod stand.
4. A spirit lamp is filled with fuel X and the initial mass is weighed and
recorded.
5. The spirit lamp is put under the copper can and the wick of the
lamp is lighted immediately.
6. The water is stirred with the thermometer until the temperature
rises about 30°C.
7. The flame is put off and the highest temperature is recorded.
8. The spirit lamp and its content is weighed immediately and the
final mass is recorded.
9. Steps 1-8 are repeated using fuel Y to replace fuel X.
Tabulation of data
(f)
Type Initial Highest Temperature Initial Final Mass
of temperature temperature change /°C mass mass of
fuel of water /°C of water /°C of of fuel
spirit spirit used
lamp lamp /g
/g /g
Fuel
X
Fuel
Y
119
HEAT OF DISPLACEMENT
1
(a) 1. The mixture becomes hot
2. The thermometer reading increase
3. Zinc powder dissolves
4. Brown solid/precipitate formed
5. The blue solution turn colourless
(Any three) 1+1+1
(b) Cu 2+ + Zn Cu + Zn2+
1
-Correct formula & reactants
(i)
-correct balance 1
Heat released in the reaction

1
-50x4.2x5// 1050 J
(ii) -number of mol of Cu atom
50x0.1//0.005 mol
1
1000
-show the step to obtain heat of displacement
1050 J
0.005 mol
- heat of displacement with unit and negative symbol 1
-210000 Jmol-1//-210 kJmol-1
1
-heat loss to the surrounding
1
(iii)
2 precautions
1. use polysterene cup//use two layers of polysterene cup
Instead of one.
(iv)
2. add zink powder quickly into the solution
3. stir the mixture continuously until highest temperature
obtained.(Any two) 1+1
1
-temperature change will be doubled//100C
1
- number of copper(II) ions per unit is doubled/ two times
c)
higher
120
2.
Apparatus:
Polystyrene cups, thermometer, measuring cylinder, spatula, electronic balance
Materials:
0.2 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate solution, 0.2 mol dm–3 copper(II) nitrate solution, zinc powder
Procedure:
1. 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate solution is measured with a measuring
cylinder and poured into a polystyrene cup.
2. The initial temperature of the solution is recorded.
3. About 1 g of zinc powder (in excess) is added to the copper(II) sulphate solution.
4. The mixture is stirred carefully with the thermometer.
5. The highest temperature reached in the mixture is recorded.
6. Step 1–5 are repeated using copper(II) nitrate solution to replace copper(II) sulphate
solution.
Results:
Mixture CuSO4 + Zn Cu(NO3)2 + Zn
Initial temperature (°C) T1 T3
Highest temperature (°C) T2 T4
Temperature rise (°C) T2 – T1 =Ɵ1 T4 – T3 = Ɵ2
Calculations:
A. Reaction between zinc and copper(II) sulphate solution
Number of mole of Cu2+ = 0.5 × 50 /1000
= 0.025 mol
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Number of mole of copper is displaced = 0.025 mol
Heat given off in the reaction = mcƟ

=50c Ɵ1
=wJ
= w/1000 kJ
Heat given off when 1 mole of copper is displaced from copper(II) sulphate solution
= w/1000 kJ x 1/0.025 mol
=x kJmol-1
Heat of displacement = – x kJ mol-1
121
B. Reaction between zinc and copper(II) nitrate solution
Number of mole of Cu2+ = 0.5 × 50 /1000
= 0.025 mol
Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s)
Number of mole of copper displaced = 0.025 mol

Heat given off in the reaction = mcƟ
=50c Ɵ2
=yJ
= y/1000 kJ
Heat given off when 1 mole of copper is displaced from copper(II) sulphate solution
= y/1000 kJ x 1/0.025 mol
=z kJmol-1
Heat of displacement = – z kJ mol-1
Heat of displacement = –z kJ mol-1, where x = z because Ɵ1 = Ɵ2
122
HEAT OF NEUTRALISATION
1 (a) (i) - The heat of neutralization in Experiment l is higher than the heat of
combustion in experiment ll
- Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid,
- Ionises completely in water, HCl  H+ + Cl-
- A high concentration of hydrogen ions is produced for the reaction,
- Ethanoic acid is a weak acid,
- Only ionises partially in water, CH3COOH  CH3COO- + H+
- A low concentration of hydrogen ion is produced for the reaction,
- Heat need to be absorbed to break the bond in ethanoic acid molecules
to ionises the hydrogen ions.
(ii) - Hydrochloric acid is a monoprotic acid,

- 1 mol of hydrochloric acid ionises completely in water to produce 1 mol of
hydrogen ion, HCl  H+ + Cl-
- Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid,
- 1 mol of sulphuric acid ionises completely in water to produce 2 mol of
hydrogen ions, H2SO4  2H+ + SO42-
- Therefore, the heat of neutralisation of sulphuric acid is two times more
than the heat the heat of neutralisation of hydrochloric acid,
(b) (i) - 114 kJ mol-1

(ii) - Sodium hydroxide solution and potassium hydroxide solution are strong
alkalis,
- 1 mol of strong alkali ionises completely in water to produce 1 mol of
hydroxide ions,
- In the process of neutralisation, the main reaction is between 1 mol of
hydrogen ion and 1 mol of hydroxide ion to form 1 mol of water,
- Therefore the heat of neutralisation between a strong acid and a strong
alkali is the same
(c) 1 mol of water formed : 55 kJ
The number of moles of water from the experiment : 2 x 100 = 0.2 mol
1000
0.2 mol of water produced = 11 kJ
123
Esei
1
1. Tomato puree is used as a colouring agent to restore the
a.(
colour of the food.
i)
2. Sugar // spice is used as a flavouring agent to enhance the
taste of food
3. Permitted modified starch is used as thickener to thicken
2+2
food.
(Any two)
Advantage :
(ii) i) to prevent food from spoilage 1
ii) to improve appearance, texture or taste
Disadvantage:
i) Lead to serious diseases like asthma, and cancer 1
- Part A is hydrophobic: Soluble in oil or grease 1+1

1+1
b. - Part B is hydrophilic: Insoluble in oil or grease//soluble in
1
water
1
1. Hard water contain Mg2+ and Ca2+ ion
1
c.
2. Detergent does not form scum in hard water
1
3. Soap form scum in hard water
1
4. Mg2+ and Ca2+ in hard water react with soap
5. Soap molecule consist of hydrophobic and hydrophilic 1

part
1
6. Hydrophobic part dissolve in oil
1
7. Hydrophilic part dissolve in water
1
8. During scrubbing/rinsing the oily stains/spots is washed
1
away
124
9. Cloth in experiment II /detergent is cleaner than cloth in
experiment I
10. Detergent in hard water is more effective than soap.

20
2 a) Patient X : Analgesic/ aspirin 1

Patient Y : Antibiotic/penicillin/streptomycin 1
Patient Z : Psychotherapeutic/antidepressant 1 3
b) i) Precaution : 1
1. Take after food
2. Swallowed with plenty of water
Explain
1. Acidic and cause irritation of the stomach. 1
2. To avoid internal bleeding/ulceration 2
ii) 1. To make sure all the bacteria are killed/ 1
becomes ill again
2. Bacteria become more resistant 1
3. Need stronger antibiotic to fight the same 1 3
infection
iii) 1. Drowsiness 1
2. Poor coordination/light 1 2
3 Materials: palm oil/corn oil/olive oil/any vegetable oil, 1

concentrated sodium hydroxide 1
Procedure:
1. Pour (5-10 cm3 )of palm oil/corn oil/olive into a beaker. 1
2. Add 50 cm3 of (5-6) mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide/ NaOH / 1
Concentrated sodium hydroxide
3. Stir and heat the mixture until it boils 1
4. Add 50 cm3 of distilled water and 3 spatulas of sodium chloride / 1
NaCl / Add 50 cm3 NaCl solution
5. Boil the mixture for another 5 minutes. 1
Filter out the soap
6. The soap is put into a test tube filled with water 1
7. Shake the test tube, foam is form 1 max
8
125
4 1. Soap molecule consists of hydrophobic and hydrophilic portion. 1
2. Soap will lower the surface tension of water

1
3. Allows the water to spread out and wet the surface of the cloth
1
4. Hydrophobic portion dissolve in oil
1
5. Hydrophilic portion dissolve in water
1
6. Soap break the grease into small droplets
1
7. During scrubbing/ rinsing washes away the small droplets
1
8. labelled diagram
max
8
126

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AFVC

SOALAN LATIHAN BERFOKUS (SOLAF )

(ii) (Refer to (b) (i)

(ii) Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2

(iii) No of mol Mg = 1.2/24 = 0.05 mol

(c) -Uses of catalyst 1

(b) Able to draw the graph with these criterion:

1 Labelled axis with correct unit 1

1 Correct tangent at 90 second on the graph 1

(ii) Lower // accept one value than answer in c (i) 1 1

(iii) The concentration of the acid decreases 1 1

(ii) 2H2O2  2 H2O + O2 [formula correct and balanced] 2

More bubbles produced in Experiment II than in Experiment I //

Gas volume in Experiment II is more than the gas volume in

Rate of bubbles produced in Experiment II is higher than in

Bubbles produced faster in Experiment II (vice-versa)

Manipulated variable : Total surface area of calcium

Responding variable : Rate of reaction //

a: symbols for substances

The bigger/smaller size of calcium carbonate, the rate reaction

49.70 40.10 31.50

24.10 19.50 15.10

11.50 9.60 8.10 8.10 3

1. All the correct points

1. a curve ending with a horizontal portion and

1. describe the operation[add different sizes of calcium

 *observation can refer to 1(a)

Positive ion : Ca2+ , H+ 3

Negative ion : CO32- , Cl- , OH-

8 (a) [able to state the colour of sulphur correctly]

SOALAN ESEI BAHAGIAN B RESPON TERTUTUP

Questio Mark scheme Mark Σ Mark

(b)(iv) 1. Label of axes and unit 1 2

No. Mark Scheme Sub Total

(b) 30 = 0.25 cm3s-1

45 = 0.375 / 0.38 cm3s-1

15 = 0.125 / 0.13 cm3s-1

(c) CaCO3 + H2SO4  CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O

(ii) The number of moles CaCO3 = 0.2/40 + 12 + (16x3)

- Axes are labels with units 1

(iii) I: rate = 0.12 x 1000/10 x 60 // 0.2 1

(iv) Experiment I and Experiment II:

4 (a) 1.Smaller pieces of charcoal has larger/bigger total surface total 1

(ii) ) Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 1+1

1. Correct formula od reactants

3. Mol of H2SO4 = 0.5 X 50/1000 // 0.025mol 1

From equation, 1 mol of H2SO4 1 mol of H2

5. Volume of H2 = 0.025 x 24 dm3 //0.6 dm3 //

5 (a) Able to state

Note: If endothermic reaction: Pts 1,2,3 lost

(b) (i) Able to calculate the average rate of reaction 1+

1. The rate of reaction for Experiment II is higher/greater than 1

(b) (i) Rate of reaction of Exp I : 1/18= 0.056 s -1 1

(ii) Mol of sulphuric acid:

Rate of reaction of Exp II is higher

Exp I and III

They will collide each other more frequent. 1

The frequency of effective collision will increase. 1

The mixture in a conical flask is swirled. 1

QUESTION SAMPLE ANSWER SCORE

2(c) When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution

Total mark Max 17

Does catalyst / (manganese(IV) oxide) affect the rate of reaction /