CHAPTER 3: PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Balance In Nature

1. Diagram 1 shows the gases needed by animals and plants for their activities.

What is X and Y?

2. Diagram 2 shows the carbon cycle.

What are processes P and Q?

3. What is the role of bacteria found in the roots of a leguminous plant?

A. To make food for the plant
B. To convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates
C. To convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates
D. To break down nitrates into ammonium compounds
4. Diagram 5 shows a part of nitrogen cycle.

What is Z?
A Nitrites C Nitrogen
B Nitrates D Protein
5. Diagram 3 shows three processes.

What is X?
A Oxygen C Hydrogen
B Nitrogen D Carbon dioxide
6. Diagram 4 shows a part of a water cycle.

What is process Y?
A Transpiration C Condensation
B Evaporation D Sublimation
7. Which of the following processes can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A Respiration C Transpiration
B Evaporation D Photosynthesis
8. Diagram 6 below shows a pyramid number. Which of the following is the secondary consumer?

9. Study the information below.

Which of the followings describes plants?

A Producer C Consumer
B Decomposer D Oxygen producer
10. Which statement describes a plant as a producer?

A. The dead plant is decomposed

B. The plant is a source of food for animals
C. The plant releases oxygen during photosynthesis
D. The plant grows healthier with sufficient nutrients
11. Diagram 10 shows a part of a carbon cycle

What is process X?
A Oxidation B Respiration
C Decomposition D Photosynthesis
12. Diagram 9 represents a food web in an ecosystem.

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Paddy is the first consumer
B. Rat is the secondary consumer
C. Snake is the secondary consumer
D. Sparrow is the secondary consumer
13. Diagram 12 shows a food chain.

What will happen to the grass and bird populations if the grasshoppers are eliminated?

14. Diagram 13 shows a part of water cycle?

Which of the following A, B, C or D is the process of changes from liquid to gasses?
15. Which of the pyramids number below is true?

16. Diagram 14 below shows a part of nitrogen cycle.

What is X?
A Decomposers B Nitrifying bacteria
C Denitrifying bacteria D Nitrogen fixing bacteria
17. Which of the following is a natural disaster?
A Flood C Pollution
B Acid rain D Species extinction
18. Diagram 10 represents a food web in an ecosystem.

Paddy Sparrow

Eagle

Rat Snake

DIAGRAM 10
Which of the following is a secondary and tertiary consumer?

A Rat C Eagle
B Sparrow D Snake
19. Natural disaster that can spread diseases include
I. drought
II. flood
III. volcanic eruption

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
20. Diagram 16 shows several organisms that live together in a community.

a) Which organism is the producer? (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) What will happen to the organisms below if the number of birds decreases?
(i) Number of grasshoppers (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Number of eagles (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) Construct a food chain by using the organisms above. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

21. Diagram 17 shows a part of carbon cycle.

a) What are processes R and S?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State gases P and Q?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) What will happen to the quantity of gas P according to the uncontrolled open burning of fossil
fuels?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) What is the effect of environment pollution that occurs in (c)?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. Figure 3 shows a food web. A food web is made up of several food chains.

Figure 3

a) State the producer and secondary consumer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) What will happen to the paddy yield and rat population if the farmer mange to kill all the snakes in the paddy field.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Bacteria and fungi are known as decomposers. Explain their role in an ecosystem.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

23. Figure 1 shows the natural cycle of an element.

Figure 1

a. Name the element involved in the cycle.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Name the process labeled P, Q and R

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. S is two processes that can increase the content of carbon dioxide. Give two processes.
i. Give the use carbon dioxide to plants.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii. Which part of a plant absorbs carbon dioxide

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.2 The Effects of Environmental Pollution

1. What is the effect of damaging ozone layer to human health?

A Cataract C Diabetes
B Hepatitis D Blood pressure
2. Diagram 7 is an information about an environmental pollution.

What is the human activity that causes the phenomena?

A. Burning of fossil fuels

B. Improper disposal of domestic wastes
C. Release of chlorofluorocarbons
D. Waste chemicals from factories

3. Diagram 11 shows a layer of gas in the atmosphere.

What is the natural phenomenon that occurs?

A Pollution C Acid rain

B Ozone depletion D Green house effects
4. What causes ozone depletion?

A Oxygen CCarbon monoxide

BCarbon dioxide D Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
5. Which of the following is the main pollutant that causes greenhouse effect?

A Oxygen C Oxides of nitrogen

B Carbon dioxide D Chlorofluorocarbon
6. Which of the following is true?

7. Which of the following daily appliances uses CFCs?

A Computer C Microwave
B Television D Refrigerator
8. Which gas is involved in the greenhouse effect

A Ammonia C Sulphur dioxide

B Carbon dioxide D Nitrogen dioxide
9. Which of the following pollutant produced by vehicles can cause environmental pollution.
I lead
II carbon monoxide
III sulphur dioxide
A. I and II only C II and III only
B. I and III only D I, II and III

10. Which of the following is not an effect of thinning of the ozone layer?

A causes cataract and skin cancer in humans

B reduces photosynthesis in plant
C destroy phytoplankton
D restores the balance of nature

11. Which of the following gases cause the formation of acid rain?
I. sulphur dioxide
II. carbon monoxide
III. nitrogen dioxide
A I and II only C II and III only
B I and III only D I, II and III

12. What is the effect of excessive fertilizer in a river?

A Alga grows rapidly

B Habitat for more organisms
C The population of fish increases
D Aquatic plants in the river get carbon dioxide from alga and grow healthily

13. Table 1 shows the relationship between the number of cars and percentage of harmful gases released by the cars in
Kota Bharu for a day.

a) Make a hypothesis based on the table above.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 b) Draw a graph using the data in Table 1.

c) What is the manipulated variable?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d) Predict the percentage of harmful gases released by 40 cars.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

14. A group of students want to study about water pollution. They take water samples from a drain of an industrial area and
from a tap. The samples of water are tested using blue litmus paper. The result is as in Table 2 below:

a) i) Which water sample is acidic?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

ii) What inference could you make?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) State the variables :

i) Manipulated : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

ii) Responding : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

iii) Constant: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) What is the operational definition of polluted water?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. Diagram 1 shows the result of an experiment to study the air pollution level in three different places around the school.

Cellophane tape Dust particles

Petri dish A Petri dish B Petri dish C

Diagram 1

a) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State the variables in this experiment:
i) Manipulated variable:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Responding variable:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) The slides were put in three places which are at the school gate, in the laboratory and in the canteen.
i) Which slide was put at the school gate? Give a reason for your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) State the source for the dust particles in the air at the bus station.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) If a slide is put in an air-conditioned room, predict the amount of dust particles found on it if compared with Petri
dish B.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

16. Diagram 2 shows an environmental phenomenon caused by chemical substance, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on
layer X.

Layer X
Ray Q: …………………………..

Diagram 2
a) What happened to layer X?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 b) Name ray Q in Diagram 2.

c) State the main function of layer X.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Give one negative effect of ray Q on humans.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) State one step that can be taken to overcome the problem of layer X.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) Mark ( √ ) the objects that contribute to the above environmental phenomenon.

Refrigerator Television Microwave Aerosol

17. Figure 2 shows the formation of acid rain.

Figure 2
 a) Complete the figure 2.

b) Name one factory that produces a lot of the gases shown above.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give two effects of acid rain on aquatic animal and land plants.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. A group of students wants to study about the acidity of water from two sources.

They are given 2 test tubes.

a. Suggest a hypothesis for the investigation to be carried out.

Water from factory area is …………………………………………………………. than tap water.

b. Plan an experiment to test the hypothesis in 1(a) based on the following criteria:

(i) Aim of the experiment

To ……………………… the ……………………………………………………. from factory area and tap water.

(ii) Identification of variables

Manipulated variable: ………………………………………………………….

Responding variable: ………………………………………………………….

Fixed variable : …………………………………………………………..

(iii) List of apparatus and materials

Test tubes, …………………………………….., tap water, …………………………………………………………….

(iv) Procedure or method

1. …………………………..two test tubes with A and B.

2. ……………………. test tube A with …………………………………………..and test tube B
with…………………………………………………………..
3. Put the ……………………………………………. into test tubes A and B.
4. …………………………………and ………………………..the ………………………………. of the litmus
paper.
(v) Tabulation of data
3.3 Preservation and Conservation of The Environment and Pollution Control
3.4 The Importance of Proper Management of Natural Resources In Maintaining Balance In Nature

1. How to maintain the balance of nature?

A. Providing better amenities for rural people
B. Educating the people on the need for family planning
C. Having more research and development of environment
D. Proper and well-planned management of the natural environment

2. What is the purpose of using biodegradable plastics?

A. To prevent soil pollution
B. To prevent global warming
C. To reduce the cost of producing plastic goods
D. To prevent pollution from used plastic wrappers

3. Which gas is involved in the greenhouse effect?

a. Ammonia C. Sulphur dioxide
b. Carbon dioxide D. Nitrogen dioxide

4. What is the function of the ozone layer?

A. To reflect sun rays to avoid the greenhouse effect
B. To protect living organisms from the bad effect of ultraviolet
C. To absorb a certain amount of sunlight to reduce the temperature of the earth
D. To avoid excess heat from reaching the earth which may cause global warming

5. What is the main idea in environmental conservation?

A. Not using natural resources at all
B. Uncontrolled usage of natural resources
C. Controlled usage of resources to ensure its availability lasts longer
D. Controlled usage but ensures that the natural resources are used up quickly

6. Which of the following cannot be recycled?

A. Petrol C. Glass
B. Paper D. Plastic

7. What is the importance of the interactions between organisms and organisms, and between organisms and
environment?
A. To maintain balance in nature
B. To encourage competition among organisms
C. To increase the number of various organisms
D. To control the population of all the organisms

8. Which of the followings contributes a balance ecosystem?

A. The natural cycles
B. The interactions between organisms
C. The interactions between organisms and the environment
D. The interactions between organisms or between organisms and the environment
9. What is the purpose of preservation of the environment?
A. To recover the natural resources
B. To maintain the natural resources
C. To reduce the quality of the environment
D. To change the natural resources from their present condition

10. The purpose of preservation of the environment is to

A. maintain the natural resource C. recover the natural resource
B. reduce the quality of the environment D. change the natural resource from their present condition

11. Which of the following campaigns are relevant to maintaining the balance in nature?
I. recycling
II. replanting
III. adopting rivers
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I, II and III. D. I and III only

12. What are materials that can be recycled?

I. plastics
II. glass
III. aluminium cans
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. I, II and III.

13. Explain how the above-mentioned phenomena occur and how they affect the environment. Your answer must cover
the following aspects:
The pollution of earth causes various phenomena such as the greenhouse effect,
acid rain and the thinning of the ozone layer.

a) Identify the problem

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.
b) Explanation of the problem

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.
c) Methods or ways to solve the problem

Phenomena Solution
a) reduce the burning of fossil fuel

The greenhouse effect b) ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

c) ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Acid rain
d) ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

e)
Thinning of the ozone layer
…………………………………………………………………………………………………