LGB 21103 Strength of Materials – Formulae

P
Normal Stress 
A
V
Shear Stress 
A
F fail  fail  fail
Factor of Safety F .S .   
Fallow  allow  allow
Average normal s's
 avg 
strain s

Shear strain   '
2
sin   
If θ is small cos   1
tan   
Pythagoras theorem a2  b2  c 2
Cosine rule a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos 

Strain 
L0

Hooke’s Law
  E
(Normal)
Hooke’s Law (Shear)   G

1 1 2
Strain Energy u   
2 2E
 lateral
Poisson’s Ratio 
 longitudinal

'
Lateral strain  lateral 
r0


Longitudinal strain  longitudinal 
L0


Modulus of Elasticity E

E
G
21  
Modulus of Rigidity

1
 LGB 21103 Strength of Materials – Formulae

PL PL
Displacement  
AE AE
Stress concentration  max
K
factor  allow

Angle of distortion   '
2

Angle of distortion      max
c

Shear stress     max
c
T
Shear stress 
J
Maximum shear Tc
 max 
stress J
Polar moment of  4
J c
inertia (solid shaft) 2
Polar moment of
J
2

 4
c0  ci
4

inertia (hollow shaft)

2 max c
T'    d
3
Torque (T’)
c c
2

Td 
Power P  T
dt
Power P  2fT
Allowable shear Tc
 allow 
stress J

Tx dx TL
L
TL
Angle of twist   
0
Jx G JG JG

Displacement of a
S  r
point on an arc