Alternative and resilient sanitation solutions Discussion and policy implication

in emergencies and reconstruction situa

tions – a case study analysis Be more alternative in challenging environ

Urban drainage is necessary for
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Ms. Åse Johannessen, PhD stud, University of Lille, France making sanitation work during floods
The resilient our cases are from the reconstruction phase. However, resilient
sanitation solutions (raised latrines, urinals, urine diversion, etc) have im

Mrs. Juliana Porsani, Stockholm University, Sweden

Drainage systems are in mediate effect and benefit in 4 of the immediate cases. Any sus

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Ms. Terese Niklasson, Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden

tioning solid waste man
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Corresponding author: ase.johannessen@gmail.com agement
The ‘software’ For example: Urine Diverting Dry Toilets (UDDTs)
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UDDTs have proven to be a robust solution and adding resiliency. UDDTs enables
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bilization, hygiene promotion
etc are highly important for
easier handling of excreta, minimises volume, increases composting and thus pro

longs the life of a latrine. Its above ground location is suitable to flooded areas, not
sustainability and resilience. contaminating the groundwater and drinking water.
MSF & WaterAid in Maputo
We have collected and analyzed 17 case studies worldwide, where more resilient and in
many aspects more sustainable (or alternative) sanitation solutions have been used in Support emergency agencies with technical
emergency and reconstruction situations. In all cases the aim has been to cope with chal

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struction phase. They reveal examples of innovative solutions, which contribute to over
Many use raised latrines...
coming challenges in both immediate and reconstruction situations. success of implementation of alternative solutions
...in the immediate... ... and reconstruction phase
No of cases with certain success factor
We recommend to: $E3.:
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Urinal Urine Diverting Dry Toilets (UDDT)
1) Upscale alternative solutions in challenging environments, also in the immediate emer
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Help by local religious leaders
gency. Resource conservation can be applied later, if accepted by the users. Local experƟse (sweepers)
2) Support agencies with the necessary expertise. For children 5691?2;
Long term emergency predicted
3) Introduce the concept of a resilient sanitation service chain, to emphasise that its solu
and handi
friendly TradiƟon of alternaƟve sanitaƟon
The number of
tions are primarily aimed at coping and adapting to local conditions and challenges, e.g. capped structure by Technical advice
cases with a certain
floods (and building resilience). These solutions also contribute to sustainability. Action Acceptance by local community
success factor
Funding available
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ExisƟng project when disaster
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The storage: 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

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chambers We propose the concept of a resilient sani
or removable tation service chain, as most of the solutions in our case stud

barrels ies are implemented, primarily with the aim of coping with difficult environ

ments. This includes resilient components in the entire chain. Additionally, we

Note the staircase to rise also propose a new link in the chain of ‘water table management’ or similar, in

Local production cluding mitigating or adaptive measures to control the water table, such as
O&M etc is part of above ground Desludging by
hand pump (S. drainage and solid waste collection.
reconstructing the
local economy and Sugden)
part of the service
delivery process

Introduction
Emptying of compost
A challenging sanitation situation Alternative solutions in our cases are Planting trees in the
chamber in India by Desludging in peri

Emergencies often challenge conventional sanitation solutions including ‘improved =6A

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with too much water. Often several ratio WaterAid)
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Main challenges include:
* Lack of effort and investment in sanitation after a disaster
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used in Haiti
References

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