Flood Preparedness Lecture Handouts

Flood Preparedness 3/13/2018
CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management
Hazards and Disaster Management
Flood Hazard/Disaster
Management
Muhammad Asim Shoaib
Deputy Director (Hydraulics)
BSc Civil Engineering (UET Lahore 2007-2011)
Master of Engineering in Water Engg. & Mgt. (AIT Thailand 2014-2016)
References:
Archives of Drainage & Flood Zone, Irrigation Department,
Government of Punjab, Lahore.
1
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LAHORE
Indus, its Tributaries and Major Hyd. Strs.
2
1
Flood Infrastructure in Punjab, Pakistan
River Length of River Length of Bunds Spurs / Studs

(km) (km) (No.)
Indus 547 811 131
Jhelum 363 155 43
Chenab 731 1330 309
Ravi 694 630 127
Sutlej 515 406 30
Total 2850 3332 640
3
Irrigation Zones of Punjab, Pakistan
4
2
Schematic/Line Diagram
5
Hierarchy of PID’s Field Formations

Chief Engineer
(CE)
Superintending Superintending
Engineer (SE) Engineer (SE)
Executive Executive Executive Executive

Engineer (XEN) Engineer (XEN) Engineer (XEN) Engineer (XEN)
Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub

Divisional Divisional Divisional Divisional Divisional Divisional Divisional Divisional
Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer
(SDO) (SDO) (SDO) (SDO) (SDO) (SDO) (SDO) (SDO)
Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub

Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers
6
3
Schedule of Flood Preparedness Activities

Activity Target Date
I. Preparation of Flood Fighting Plans as per
SOP/Format
a) Submission of Draft Divisional Plans by Zonal Chiefs to 1st March
Chief Engineer, Drainage & Flood (after scrutiny by
SEs/CEs)
b) Review by Chief Engineer D&F 31st March
c) Final submission of Divisional Plans 15th April
II. Inspection of flood works
- By XENs 15th March
- Checking /Inspections by SEs/CEs 31st March
- Inspection by Departmental & Army Teams 31st March
III. Indication of Encroachments on Bunds and Spurs to 31st March
the Civil Administration.
7
Schedule of Flood Preparedness Activities

Activity Target Date
IV. Painting Gauges, RD Marks, Data Boards and
Repairs to Flood Bunds etc. 31st March
V. Replenishment of Reserve Stock of Stone and

Flood fighting materials
a) Identification of needs. 28th February
b) Funding/Procurement Arrangements. 15th March
c) Procurement, stacking, Prescribed field checks. 30th June
VI. Installation of Wireless Sets. 15th June
VII. Opening of Zonal Flood Cells.
a) Duty Roster 1st June
b) Operative
15th June
8
4
Flood Fighting Plan SOP / Format

PART-A
Chapter-1 Salient feature of the concerned Division
1.1 Location
1.2 General Description
1.3 Administrative setup
Chapter-2 Flood Protection and River Training Works
2.1 Design parameter of Training Works
2.2 Location Map
Chapter-3 Brief history of past flood events
Chapter-4 Design Data, Historic peak flood data and previous five
years flood data of Head Works/Barrages and or other
control points
4.1 Flood Limits
4.2 Time Lags of Floods
4.3 Highest Floods
4.4 Peak discharges
9

Chapter-5 Flood Fighting Strategy
Chapter-6 Flood Damages Restoration Works
Chapter-7 Flood Fighting Watching Arrangement
7.1 Pre-Flood Arrangement
7.2 Watching Establishment
7.3 Arrangement at Sensitive sites
7.4 Watching Material
7.5 Arrangement for Sounding & Probing
7.5 Lighting Arrangement
7.6 Ration Arrangement
7.7 P.O.L. Arrangement for Vehicle
7.8 Transportation
7.9 Law and order
7.10 Medical Arrangement for Labour
7.11 Liaison with other Department
7.12 Role of the Army
7.13 Duties of Telephone Attendant
7.14 Wireless Arrangements
10
5

Chapter-8 Detail of Encroachment
Chapter-9 Duty Roster/Flood Fighting Program
Chapter-10 Emergency Telephone Nos.
Chapter-11 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Breaching Sections
11.1 History of the breaching section
11.2 Location, Design, Quantity and Variety of the explosive
required for detonation.
11.3 Arrangement of explosives and security of explosive stores
11.4 List of the security staff alongwith detail of their training etc
11.5 Detail of mechanical means as a standby arrangements in
case of detonation failure
11.6 Duty Roster in case of critical situation
11.7 Breaching Committee with their action plan
11.8 List of the villages likely to be inundated in case of breach
11.9 Announcement and detail of evacuation arrangements
11.10 Details of coordination with Civil/Army Authorities
11.11 Parallel communication arrangements
11.12 Index Plan
11

PART-B
Chapter-12 Vulnerable sites on Flood Bund / Structures:
12.1 Apprehended breaches in Flood Bunds/Structures
Chaper-13 Emergency Contingency Plan for vulnerable site (sites) listed above.
Emergency Contingency Plan must include:-
13.1 Plan showing route of Flood Water coming out of the breach
supported
13.2 Detail of villages abadies likely to be affected and this should also be
shown on the plan.
13.3 Strategy and action taken be explained. This may include:
13.3.1 Arrangements
13.3.2 Establishment of Flood Fighting Camps
13.3.3 Duties of Officers/Officials and their camp sites
13.3.4 Departmental Machinery available
13.3.5 Machinery available from Private Source
13.3.6 Flood Fighting Material required
13.3.7 Flood Fighting Material available
13.4 Detail of other infrastructure like electric, Sui gas, Telephone,
installations, road network, other buildings, Canals and drainage network
12
6
Bunds / Levees / Embankments
Bunds or Levees are defined as an

earthen embankments built in order to
safeguard the important areas from
inundation due to flood waters.
Right Marginal Bund of Mailsi Syphon

Along Sutlej River
Chiniot Flood Bund along Chenab River
13
Spurs / Studs / Groynes
A spur, stud or groyne is an

embankment constructed, with earth
and stones, transverse to the river flow
and extend from the bank into the river.
These are widely used for the purpose
of river training.
Model of Dadal Flood Bund along Cenab

River at Hydraulic Research Station
Nandipur
Stone Studs along Right Bank of

Marala Ravi Link Canal
14
7
Spurs / Studs / Groynes
15
Gauges, RD Marks and Data Boards
Gauge at Jhang Flood Bund along Chenab River
Gauge at Jhang Flood Bund

along Chenab River RD 0+000 of Chiniot Flood Bund along Chenab River
16
8
Reserve Stock of Stone
It is defined as the reserved stone work

to protect the side slopes and
vulnerable parts of embankments and
spurs against erosion.
17
Reserve Stock of Stone
18
9
Flood Fighting Material

S. No. Name of item Sr. No. Name of item
1 K.Oil 18 Chouldaries
2 Gas lamp 19 Tents
3 Gas Mentals 20 Driving Pegs
4 Washer for gas lamps 21 Steel wire rope 1/2"
5 Nozzles for gas lamps 22 Hand Saw
6 Torches three cells (Chargeable Torches) 23 Manila rope of sorts.
7 E.Gunny bags 24 Karries
8 Sutli
25 G.I Wire 12 no.
9 Wewing needles
26 G.I. Bucket
10 Bamboos 12'-14'
27 Plastic bags
11 Toot Baskets 28 Chairs
12 Khaji mat 29 Tables
13 Match boxes 30 Generator 5-1/2 2000 watt
14 Oil Extractor 31 Petrol
15 Munj Ban
32 M.Oil
16 Funnels 33 Wire 7 / 0.29
17 Munj Trunger 34 Wooden board 10 x 12'
19
Flood Fighting Material
20
10
Focus of Flood Preparedness (FP)

Protection of Barrages
Protection of main cities / towns
Protection of Irrigation infrastructure

(Canals, Bunds, Spurs etc.)
Protection of communication network

(Railways, Highways)
21
Govt. Instructions Regarding FP

The calendar of flood preparedness activities should be strictly
adhered to.
All the flood preparedness activities should be checked /

verified at site by the senior officers in order to ensure timely
compliance.
The Chief Engineers have to submit certificates regarding

health of the flood infrastructure by 31st March, every year.
Flood fighting plans should be properly reviewed and updated

according to revised format / SOP.
RD marks, gauges, data boards should be fixed on the flood

infrastructure.
22
11

Availability of the prescribed quantities of reserve stock of
stone and flood fighting materials should be ensured at
identified locations.
The availability of watching establishment in line with the

provisions of the flood fighting plans should be ensured during
flood season. Adequate machinery must be deployed on
vulnerable / identified locations.
All the flood damages should be restored on fast track basis.

Similarly repair / restoration works on embankment, spurs and
other infrastructure should be undertaken on priority basis.
The breaching sections should be properly inspected and

prepared for activation in case of emergency.
23

All the wetting channels and 2nd defense bund should be
inspected and requisite repairs should be carried out to make
them functional and safe during floods.
All mechanical components/gates and gearings of the hydraulic

structures should be inspected to ensure that these are
functional.
The security and lighting arrangements at structures should be

checked for their adequacy and made functional.
Dry run / flood rehearsal should be arranged at all levels in

order to assess the state of preparedness / readiness and
improvement measures should be implemented in case of any
identified weakness.
24
12

It has to be clearly understood that the primary responsibility for
the inspection and safety of the flood infrastructure rest with the
concerned field formations. The embankments and other
infrastructures should therefore be thoroughly checked for any
cracks, rodent holes, unauthorized pipes, ramps and weak
spots. The requisite repairs should be urgently carried out.
Close liaison and coordination should be maintained with the

District / Local Administration, Public Representatives and
Army Units. They should be kept informed of the flood
preparedness activities, identified vulnerable reaches, removal
of encroachments and support / help needed from them in
normal and emergent situations.
25
Establishment of Flood Warning Centre

Flood Warning Centre (FWC) with contact Nos.042-99205371-
72 is established at 46-Jail Road Lahore w.e.f. 15th June every
year.
The FWC functions round the clock in 3 shifts of 8 hours each.
Each shift is headed by a Grade-18 officer.
Railways, WAPDA, C&W and Met department participate in
functioning of the center.
Information Department prepares flood bulletins for media.
Police Telecommunication Department Punjab establishes
wireless network for receiving 6 Hourly Gauge & Discharge
Data from H/Works, Barrages and other Control Points.
Police Wireless also disseminates flood warnings to out
stations as and when required.
26
13
Breaching Section
Breaching Section is defined as a

section of a flood embankment or other
flood protection work which is
designated for effecting a controlled
breach to release a part of flood under
specific conditions.
Breaching Section at RD 3+000 of Chiniot

Flood Bund along Chenab River
Inspection of one of the liners of Breaching

Section at RD 3+000 of Chiniot Flood Bund
27
Breaching Section
28
14
Breaching Sections in Punjab

PURPOSE:
In case of Exceptionally High Floods, part of the discharges
are escaped by breaching the bund on the pre-determined sites
for safety of the main Hydraulic Structures (Bridges & Barrages)
and main cities.
Breaching Section is operated by the Army Authorities after
the unanimous decision of the Breach Operation Committee.
Statistics of breaching sections are as under:-
Total No. of Breaching Sections in Punjab = 19 Nos.
Related to Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) = 13 Nos.
Related to Railway Department = 4 Nos.
Related to Punjab Highways Department / NHA = 2 Nos.
29
Breach Operation Committee

Breach Operation Committee has been constituted by Secretary
Irrigation Department vide No.SO(F)VII-3/2003, dated
26.05.2004 as below:
1. Executive Engineer Barrages / Headworks / Flood Bunds
(Convener).
2. DCO of District or his representative (Member).
3. Rep. of respective Army Corps not below Lt. Col. (Member)
4. Representative officer of Highways/Railways Department
not below the rank of BS-18 (Member).
Breach Operation Committee monitors flood situation at
each breaching site and operates the breaching section as per
prescribed criteria as contained in the Flood Fighting Plan.
30
15
Pre Breaching Operations

Placement of Explosive at Breach Site
Machinery Arrangements as an alternate in case explosives

do not work.
Warning Communication to the likely affected areas through

District Government / PDMA / Police Department.
Evacuation of the areas by District Government and

establishing Relief Camps.
31
Post Breaching Operations

Evaluation of Damages in areas affected by Breaching
Operation (Irrigation Department, Highway – Railway,
PDMA)
Arrangement of Machinery /Material for Immediate

Restoration of Communication (Irrigation Department,
Highway – Railway)
Establishment of Relief Camps by PDMA/District

Administration
Preventive and Curative Health Care (Health Department)
32
16
Impact of Breaches
Villages to be Population to be
Breaching Sites affected affected
(Nos.) (Nos.)
Trimmu 168 2,00,000
Punjnad 35 5,736
Balloki 10 21,098
Sidhnai 25 8,000
Suleimanki 27 34,374
Islam 20 7,250
Chiniot Flood Bund 23 2,021
Shahdara Breaching Section 21 5,50,000
33
Wetting Channel
It is defined as the channel provided on

the river side of an embankment in
order to wet the bund before the flood
season to find out weak points in the
embankments.
Filled Wetting Channel along

Jhang Flood Bund
Wetting Channel along

Chiniot Flood Bund
34
17
Encroachments on Flood Bunds
Encroached Spur along

Dadal Flood Bund
Encroachment along Left Marginal

Bund of Sidhnai Barrage
35
Flood Limits
River flowing within deep channel(s) but about
LOW FLOOD
to spill over River islands / belas.
MEDIUM FLOOD River partly inundating River island / belas.
HIGH FLOOD River almost fully submerging island/belas

and flowing upto high banks/bunds but without
encroachment on the freeboard.
V.HIGH FLOOD River flowing between high banks / bunds with
encroachment on the freeboard.
EXCEP. HIGH There is imminent danger of overtopping /
FLOOD breaching or a breach has actually occurred,
or high bank areas become inundated
36
18
Flood Warning System

A. BEYOND BORDER
a) During floods India supplies information through radio
Jammu at 1000 Hrs., 1530 Hrs. and 2340 Hrs. Pakistan
Standard Time (PST) for the following river stages:
i. Chenab at Akhnoor 75,000 Cs. &
above.
ii. Ravi below Madhopur 30,000 Cs. &
above.
b) Hourly & 6 Hourly flood data of sites for the following rivers
is conveyed on telephone to Pakistan Commissioner for
Indus Waters (depending on the flood situations):
i. Jammu and Munawar Tawi = 20,000 Cs. & above.
ii. Sutlej at Rupar below Harike & below Ferozepur H/W.
iii. Ravi below Madhopur.
iv. Levels of Bhakra Dam on Sutlej & Pong Dam on Beas.
37
Flood Warning System

B. WEATHER & FLOOD FORECASTS
Normal forecasts are issued by Met. Department every 24 hrs.

On occurrence of significant rainfall or flood, immediate
warnings are issued.
Irrigation Department supplies 6 hourly gauge & discharge data
of all Barrages / Headworks & Nullahs to F.W.C. 46-Jail Road,
Lahore.
Flood Warnings are started at medium flood level. At high flood
level hourly data are supplied and warnings issued.
Flood Emergency Cell is established in Irrigation Department
which monitors flood situation round the clock and collects
damage reports if any.
38
19

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Flood Preparedness 3/13/2018

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Hazards and Disaster Management

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Indus, its Tributaries and Major Hyd. Strs.

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Flood Infrastructure in Punjab, Pakistan

River Length of River Length of Bunds Spurs / Studs

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Irrigation Zones of Punjab, Pakistan

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Hierarchy of PID’s Field Formations

Executive Executive Executive Executive

Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub

Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Schedule of Flood Preparedness Activities

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Schedule of Flood Preparedness Activities

V. Replenishment of Reserve Stock of Stone and

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Flood Fighting Plan SOP / Format

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Flood Fighting Plan SOP / Format

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Flood Fighting Plan SOP / Format

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Flood Fighting Plan SOP / Format

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Bunds / Levees / Embankments

Bunds or Levees are defined as an

Right Marginal Bund of Mailsi Syphon

Chiniot Flood Bund along Chenab River

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Spurs / Studs / Groynes

A spur, stud or groyne is an

Model of Dadal Flood Bund along Cenab

Stone Studs along Right Bank of

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Spurs / Studs / Groynes

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Gauges, RD Marks and Data Boards

Gauge at Jhang Flood Bund along Chenab River

Gauge at Jhang Flood Bund

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Reserve Stock of Stone

It is defined as the reserved stone work

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Reserve Stock of Stone

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Flood Fighting Material

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Flood Fighting Material

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Focus of Flood Preparedness (FP)

Protection of main cities / towns

Protection of Irrigation infrastructure

Protection of communication network

CE-315 Hazards and Disaster Management

Govt. Instructions Regarding FP

All the flood preparedness activities should be checked /

The Chief Engineers have to submit certificates regarding

Flood fighting plans should be properly reviewed and updated