1.

Fill in the blanks

1) Transformer oil : some special test items, such as the breakdown voltage is lower

than the standart operating oil or (Chromatographic) testing found that is a fault

exists, so shouldn’t think of other special items, should take decisive measure to

ensure the safety of equipment.

2) The power plant that cooling by sea water, when the condesate water sodium

consentration more than (400) µg/L must emergancy shutdown.

3) Boiler water PH less than ( 7) must shutdown immediately.

4) Good transfomers oil should be clean and (Transparent) liquid, no sediment, no

mechanical impurerites, no (Suspended Solid) and cotton-like material. If it si

contaminated and oxidiized, and produce resin and sediment, the color will

gradually become light red, until the (Dark brown) liquid. In addition, the

transformers oil can be expressed as turbid milky, black color, or dark.

Transformers oil are turbid milky, indicationg that the oil contains (Water). Oil

color is dark, indicating that transfomers oil (Insulating aging). Oil color is black,

and even coke smell, indicating transformer (Internal) failure.

5) [AVT(R0} All volatile treatment (reduction) : treatment of boiler feed water with

(Amonia) and reducing agent.

6) If cooling water leakage into the condensate water will cause the (ph) increase. So

we must supervise the compensator leakage, and prevent high consentration of

calium and magnesium.

7) Operating experiance has shown that (Sodium) hygrometers are more sensitive and

intuative that conductivity meters in monitoring trace amounts of salt in water can

detect minutes leak of condenser quickly

8) The condenser and condensate pump (Leakage) is the main reason for the present

of DO in the condensate. Condensate DO increase, will cause (Corrosion) of

condensate system.

9) When the quality of the water and steam deterioration, should promptly check the

(Representation) of sample, the (accuracy) of the resault, and comprehensive

analysis of the system of water, steam quality changes, confirm the correct

judgement, treatment according the following three-level treatment principles

10) The first-level treatment : have the possibility causing corrosion, scaling, salt

accumulation. Should be restored within (72 h) to the appropriate standard value.

11) Transformers oil test items include: appearance, water-soluble, acid (value), (Trace

water), interfacial tension, (Diekectric loss factors), (Breakdown voltage), (Volume

resistance), dissolved gas volume percent, (Flash-point) (close cup)

12) Compotition of feed water: (Makeup water), (Condensate), (Drain water), and

produce return water.

13) Transfomers oil treatment methods are (Filtration), dehydration, (degassing),

pollution treatment and other processes.

14) Add antioxidants, instal the oil purifier is to maintain the operation of turbine on

commonly use measures, the other maintance measureand method are (Add rush

inhibitor), to prevent oil emulsificant, (check and cleaning the system) to prevent

water, steam and impurities disturbace.

15) Turbine oil granularity must less than (8) and water content cannot more than (100)

mg/L

16) EH oil granualarity must less than (6) and water content cannot more than (1000)

mg/L
 17) (Moisture) and (ash) are non-combustible contents, () and fixed carbon are

combustible components.

18) The elemental composititon of coal: moisture + ash + carbon + (hydrogen) + oxygen

+ (nitrogen) + (sulfur) = 100%.

2. Definition:

1. cation conductivity Conductivity of water samples treatment with hydrogen-type strong

acid cation exchange resin

2. expectation value The optimal value that the operation control or can be reached by

effort. Control this value can be more effective control unit corrosion, fouling and salt

accumulation and other hazards.

3. Selective carry over When saturated steam comes into contact with saturated water,

part of the dissolved salt in the water dissolves in the steam

4. Gas chromatography analysisChromatography is a physical separation technique,

proposed in 1903 by the Russian botanist Zwitt (M²S²Tswett). He experimentally found

that when different substances were in different phases of relative motion, they were

separated because the mixture was between the sample molecules and the stationary

phase molecules when the mobile phase was carried through the column Of the

interaction, so that the sample molecules in the two-phase distribution.

5. Coal ash fusibility: characterization of coal ash with temperature increase under the

conditions of deformation, softening, hemispherical and flow characteristics of the

physical state.

6. Continuous sewage Continuous blowdown: Discharge the dissolved part of the salt in

the furnace water, the purpose is to discharge the sediment in the furnace water, adjust
 the quality of the furnace water to make up for the lack of continuous discharge

deficiency.

7. gross calorific value (Qgr, ad) is the total mass of coal released when the unit mass of

coal is burned under excess oxygen in the oxygen bomb and the products of combustion

are carbon dioxide, liquid water, sulfur dioxide, solid ash, oxygen and nitrogen .

8. Standard value is The minimum required value for the operation control. Beyond the

standard value, the unit has corrosion, fouling and the possibility of salt and other

hazards

9. Mechanical carry over is How much mechanical loading, depending on the amount of

water and salt concentration.Mechanical transport of saturated steam is actually

affected by many factors, in general, drum water level, boiler load, water content of salt

water, working pressure are the influencing factors.

10. Breakdown voltage is Under specified test conditions, the voltage at which the insulator

or specimen is broken down.

11. Fire resistant oil Fire resistant oil, also known as EH oil. Fire resistant oil is a kind of

synthetic oil. It is toxic or low toxicity, if contacts a mount will impair the nerve, muscle

organs, showing limbs paralysis, in addition to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract have

a certain stimulating effect.

12. Net calorific value (Qnet.ar) net calorific value (Qnet, ar) is the total mass of coal

released when the unit mass of coal is burned under excess oxygen in oxygen bomb and

the products of combustion are carbon dioxide, gaseous water, sulfur dioxide, solid ash,

oxygen and nitrogen

3. Short answer question:

1.

2.

3. Bomp calorific (Qb, ad): A unit mass of coal sample is completely burned in the

presence of excess oxygen in the oxygen bomb and released as carbon dioxide, liquid

water, dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid, solid ash, oxygen and nitrogen release all the

heat.

Gross calorific value (Qgr, ad) is the total mass of coal released when the unit mass

of coal is burned under excess oxygen in the oxygen bomb and the products of

combustion are carbon dioxide, liquid water, sulfur dioxide, solid ash, oxygen and

nitrogen .

Net calorific value (Qnet, ar) is the total mass of coal released when the unit mass of

coal is burned under excess oxygen in oxygen bomb and the products of combustion

are carbon dioxide, gaseous water, sulfur dioxide, solid ash, oxygen and nitrogen .

4.

4. Performance question:

1. condensate mixed bed work characteristics

 the operation of high flow rate: condensate is willing to have water and low salt

content of the characteristics, it is advisable to use a high flow of mixed bed, the

flow rate in general at 100-120 meters/hour.

 the work pressure is high, at present uses the medium pressure mixed bed, 3.0-

3.6mpa the work pressure.6tr

  the failure of exhausted resin in vitro regeneration off-line regeneration external

~:.

 mixed-bed resin ratio: condensate mixed bed Zhongyang, anion resin ratio

depends on the exchange capacity of the two resins and water to remove the yin,.

2. High moisture coal, because the moisture accounted for the share of combustible,

calorific will be lower accordingly. And in the combustion the water to evaporate will

absorb heat, thus affecting the furnace temperature

3.

sodium/
(μg/kg)
SV EV
≤15 ―
≤5 ≤2
≤3 ≤2
≤2 ≤1
a:the units without condensate polishing, the CC standard value of the steam is not more
than 0.3μS/cm, the expectation value is not more than 0.15μS / cm.

4.

Standard :>8

Reason :

 Charge into the particles when fill oil

 Dust into the system

 System corrosion or parts wear

 Precision filter is not put into operation or failure

 Oil aging produces soft particles

Treartment: Identify and eliminate sources of particulates, inspect and start up precision

filtration equipment and oil cleaning system . if necessary, oil regeneration.