Water and Wastewater Teaching plan

Engineering (ECE 4453)

Course work: 40% Week Planning
Test 1: 10% Week 8 Introduction
Lab reports: 10% Week 9 Biological unit process
Assignment 1: 10% Week 10 Sludge treatment

Prepared by Dr Aida Isma

Assignment 2: 10% Week 11 Presentation 1
G1:
G2:
Final Exam: 60%
G3:
Text book: G4:
Water and Wastewater Engineering Week 12 Presentation 2
Metcalf and Eddy, McGraw Hill
Week 13 Presentation 3
Week 14 Presentation 4

Assignment 1 (10%) Assignment 2 (10%)

Identify all types of advanced wastewater
treatment available in the world.

Choose one type and briefly explain the:

fundamental concept,

principles,

characteristics and the detail processes,

advantages and disadvantages,

comment on the application in Malaysia.

List several types of natural wastewater
treatment in Malaysia (with photos).

Choose one type and explain the location,
the size, the characteristics and the
significant contribution to the surrounding
area.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages
of the natural wastewater treatment to us.

Highlight any issues reported in year 2000
onwards.

1
Rubrics
Item Score
Newspaper/catalog/article/magazi 1-5
ne
Introduction to wastewater
Photo/schematic/flow chart 1-5
Clear presentation 1-5
treatment process
Q&A 1-5
total 20

* Note: Minimum 20 slides ppt

Learning objectives Introduction

Describe the typical composition of raw
wastewater.
• Explain the primary, secondary and tertiary
treatment of wastewater

Wastewater is defined as any water that has
been adversely affected in quality by
anthropogenic influence. It can originate
from a combination of domestic, industrial,
commercial or agricultural activities, surface
runoff or stormwater, and from sewer inflow
or infiltration.

Contaminants in untreated wastewater

organic contaminants,

inorganic contaminants,

pathogens.

2
Composition of wastewater Why treat wastewater?

Causes a demand for dissolved oxygen
(lower DO levels of streams)

Adds nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) to

cause excessive growth

Increases suspended solids or sediments in

streams (turbidity increase)

*Source: Adapted from Tebbutt, 1998

Composition of solids in
Contaminants
wastewater

Organics:

Derived from animals and plants, or may be
manufactured chemical compounds.

All organics contain carbon. DISSOLVED
SOLIDS 500 mg/L

Measured as BOD.
TOTAL

Untreated influent BOD is 200 to 250 mg/L. SOLIDS
720 mg/L

Inorganics: COLLOIDAL

Not biodegradable. SOLIDS 70 mg/L

SUSPENDED

Include nutrients like phosphorous and nitrogen. SOLIDS 220 mg/L

Include heavy metals. SETTLEABLE

SOLIDS 150 mg/L

Pathogen:

Thermal waste.

3
 Typical Wastewater Treatment Units
Level Treatment Process Function
Screen Removes larger particles i.e. rags, rocks, branches etc.

Pre-Treatment Grit / Grease / Oil Removes heavier smaller particles i.e..sand, gravel;
Removal separates oil and grease

Equalisation Tank Balances and equalize flow

Primary Settling / Physical or chemical, or combination of both

Primary Treatment Chemical Treatment treatment for removal of highly toxic compounds,
heavy metals, solids etc.

Biological Removes major organic, biodegradable

Treatment pollutants i.e. BOD
Secondary Treatment

Secondary Settling

Removal of dissolved and suspended materials

Disinfection /
Tertiary Treatment remained after secondary treatment when
Filtration required.

Quaternary/ Removal of water from sludge

Sludge Dewatering
reducing volume for final disposal
Solids Handling
Disposal Discharge

Typical Wastewater Treatment Flow

Primary treatment
Raw
Preliminary & Primary
Treatment
Secondary
Treatment
Disinfection/
Tertiary

removal by physical separation of grit and
wastewater
Grit chamber Primary Biological
Final settling
Treatment
Contact
Treated large objects (material to landfill for
settling treatment wastewater
basin disposal)
Screening

Recycle Sludge Return activated

water sludge
Sludge

Sludge Waste
sludge
thickening
Cake
Disposal Solids
dewatering
Solids Treatment

4
 To tertiary process
Secondary treatment Secondary process

From primary process

Aerobic microbiological process (sludge)

organic matter + O2  CO2 + NH3 + H2O

NH3  NO3- (aquatic nutrient)

Lowers suspended solids content (into sludge)

air Aeration Settling

diffuser and rapid collects sludge
mixing on bottom

Tertiary (advanced) treatment Tertiary process

From secondary process

Anaerobic microbiological process with a add methanol as food source

different microbe where O2 is toxic (more Effluent
sludge)
NO3-  N2 (escapes to atmosphere)

PO43- if not removed in sludge in secondary
process
PO4-3 + Al+3  AlPO4 (s) (into sludge)

Aeration to strip N2 and re-oxygenate (add
Slow mixing Settling
DO) collects sludge
to keep suspended and O2
out on bottom