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Horticulture :: Vegetables:: Watermelon
Watermelon
Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Matsum and Nakai
Cucurbitaceae

Varieties: Sugar Baby and Arka Manik,PKM 1

Hybrids: Arka Jyoti and Pusa Bedana.

PKM 1 :

Fruits are bigger in size with dark green skin and pink is red flesh. It yields 36-38 t/ha in 122-135 days.

Soil
Sandy loam rich in organic matter with good drainage and pH range for 6.5-7.5 is ideal for cultivation of watermelon. This crop requires a moderate
warm temperature.

Season
Sow the seeds during November – December

Seed rate
About 3.5 kg of seeds are required for a hectare.

Seed treatment
Treat with Trichoderma viiridi 4 g or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g or Carbendizim 2g/kg of seeds
PKM 1
Preparation of field
Plough the field to a fine tilth and form long channel 2.5 m apart.

Sowing
Sow the seeds on one side of the channel with a spacing of 0.9 m between hills. Thin the seedlings 2/hill at 15 days after sowing. Sowing during January – February enables harvest
during summer months and fetches higher price.

Irrigation
Irrigate the field before dibbling the seeds and thereafter once a week. Irrigation should be given at regular intervals of time. Irrigation after a long dry spell results in cracking of fruits.

Application of fertilizers
Apply FYM 20 t/ha, P 55 kg and K 55 kg as basal and N 55 kg/ha 30 days after sowing.Apply Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria @ 2 kg/ha and Pseudomonoas @ 2.5 kg/ha along
with FYM 50 kg and neem cake 100 kg before last ploughing.

Nursery preparation: Nursery for watermelon can be prepared either with polythene bags of 200 gauge, 10 cm diameter and 15 cm height size or through protrays under protected
nursery. In polybag nursery, fill the bags with 1:1:1 ratio of red soil, sand and farmyard manure mixture. Use protrays, each having 98 cells for raising seedlings. Transplant about 12
days old seedlings in the main field.

Drip irrigation: Install drip system with main and sub-main pipes and place the inline lateral tubes at an interval of 1.5 m. Place the drippers in lateral tubes at an interval of 60 cm
and 50 cm spacing with 4 LPH and 3.5 LPH capacities respectively.

Field preparation: Raise beds of 1.2 m width and 30cm height for sowing.

Planting: Spread the lateral tubes in the centre of each bed. Irrigate the beds by operating the drip system continuously for 8-12 hrs. Spray pre-emergence weedicide
(Pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i/ha) just before planting. Plant the seedlings in the holes made at 60 cm distance.

Fertigation: Apply a dose of 200:100:100 kg NPK/ha throughout the cropping period through split application

Fertigation Schedule
Recommended Dose: 200:100:100 Kg/ha

Total Nutrient supplied % requirement

Duration in Fertilizer
Stage Crop stage Fertilizer
days grade N P K N P K
(kg/ha)
19:19:19 + 26.81 5.00 5.00 5.00 10.00 5.00 10.00
Crop
MN 11.00 1.43 - 4.95
1 establishment 10
Urea 29.03 13.35 - -
stage
Subtotal 19.78 5.00 9.95
12-61-0 12.28 1.47 7.49 - 30.00 7.50 30.00
13-0-45 66.00 8.58 - 29.70
2 Vegetative stage 30
Urea 109.00 50.14 - -
Subtotal 60.19 7.49 29.70
12-61-0 12.28 1.47 7.49 - 30.00 7.50 20.00
Flower initiation 13-0-45 44.00 5.72 - 19.80
3 30
to first picking Urea 115.00 52.90 - -
Subtotal 60.09 7.49 19.80
19:19:19 + 26.31 5.00 5.00 5.00 30.00 5.00 40.00
MN 78.00 10.14 - 35.10
4 Harvesting stage 45
13-0-45 97.52 44.86 - -
Urea
Total duration 115 Subtotal 60.00 5.00 40.10

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Horticulture :: Vegetables:: Watermelon http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_vegetables_watermelon.html

200.06 24.98 99.35 100 25 100

Total (or) (or)
25.00 100.00

*75% RD of Phosphorus applied as superphosphate = 469kg/ha.

1. 19:19:19 = 53 kg/ha
2. 13:0:45 = 199kg/ha
3. 12:61:0 = 25 kg/ha
4. Urea = 351kg/ha

After cultivation
Spray Ethrel 250 ppm (2.5 ml/10 lit of water) 4 times at weekly intervals commencing from 15 days after sowing. Weeding is done thrice.

Plant protection
Pests
Beetles
Bettles can be controlled by spraying Malathion 50 EC 1 ml/lit at weekly intervals.

Fruit fly
1. Collect the affected fruits and destroy.
2. The fly population is low in hot day conditions and it is peak in rainy season. Hence adjust the sowing time accordingly.
3. Expose the pupae by ploughing.
4. Use polythene bags, fish meal trap with 5 g of wet fish meal and 1 g of Dichlorvos in cotton, 50 traps are required per hectare. Fish meal and Dichlorvos impregnated cotton are to
be renewed once in 20 and 7 days respectively.
5.Neem oil @ 3.0 % as foliar spray as need based
Do not use DDT, copper and sulphur dust, as these are phytotoxic

Harvest
Fruits are harvested when it produces dull sound upon tapping or the fruits surface on the ground level produces light yellow colour are the harvest index for water melon.

Yield
25 – 30 t/ha of fruits in 120 days can be obtained.

Market Information

Crop Growing districts Kancheepuram, Villupuram, Thiruvallur

Major markets in Tamil Nadu Coimbatore, Chennai

Preferred Varieties and hybrids Mithila, Suganthi, Kiran, Simran, Vishal

Grade Specification Symmetrical and uniform in appearance. The surface

should be waxy and bright in appearance devoid of
scars, sunburn, transit abrasions or other surface
defects.

Last Update : November 2014

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