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PBI 6/4th Semester
B. Definition of sound
1. David Wood says that sound is specific type of wave that takes the form of
vibrations travelling through air, water, or any other material.
2. Maclachlan (1989:26) says that sounds is directly perceived sensations of some sort
produced in the observer when the sound waves strike the air.
3. O'Shaughnessy (2000:447) says that sound is originates at a distance and we can
hear that it is coming from a direction and even place, and while there is no auditory
experiece of hearing that the sound is where we are.
4. Aristotle says that sound is a particular movement of air.
5. Galileo (1623) registered that sounds are produced and heard by us when a
frequent vibration of air shaken in tiny waves moves a certain cartilage of the
tympanum in our ears.
6. Perkins (1983) says that the sound we hear is identical with the train of airwaves
that stretches from the distant sounding object to our ear.
7. Pasnau (1999:316) says that sounds either are the vibrations of (objects that have
sounds), or supervene on those vibration.
8. Casati and Dokic (1994) say sounds requires a medium which transmits information
from vibrating object to the ears.
9. Kulvicki (2008:2) says that sounds are perceived transiently, but they are not
perceived as being transient and they are not in fact transient.
10. Scruton (2009) says that sounds are "pure events", things that hapoen but which
don't happening to anything, and that they are "secondary objects" entities whose
nature is bound up with the way we perceive them.