JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER

Vol. 18, No. 4 (2002), p. 866-870.

Heat release rates of burning items in fires

Hyeong Jin kim and David G Lilley

Abstract
Heat release rate of typical items in fires are needed as a prerequisite for estimating
fire growth and temperature in structural fires. That is, these burning rate in terms of
heat release rate vs time, are required to be specified by users as input to single
room and multi room structured fire computer codes such as CFAST and FASTILite.
Data are given that permit burning items to be specified in useful modeled way. In
this way , the user does not need to search for and incorporate a complicated set of
numbers into the fire simulation program.
Soil Science Society of America Journal Abstract
Vol. 40 No. 5,(1975) p. 779-782

The Transfer of Heat and Hydrophobic Substances

During Burning
L. F. Debano, S. M. Savage and D. A. Hamilto

Abstract
Wet and dry sand was tested for water repellency, after burning pine litter (Pinus
coulteri D. Don). Four conditions were studied: a burn of 25 min over dry or wet sand
and a burn at 5 min over dry or wet sand. The thickest and most intense water-
repellent layer was produced by a 5-min burn over dry sand. Although organic
materials were translocated deeper in the dry sand during the 25-min burn (down to
4 cm), some of the water repellency was destroyed in the upper 1-cm layer. In wet
sand, water repellency was concentrated in the upper 0- to 1.5-cm layer. The
translocation of hydrophobic substances and resulting water repellency depends on
changes in their polarity and oxidation state. Relationships developed for fire over a
dry soil may not adequately account for movement of organic substances in a moist
soil. These results suggest prescribed burning should be done when the soil is moist
on areas where water repellency is a problem.
Combustion and Flame
Volume 108, Issues 1–2, January 1997, Pages 118-126

Radiative emission fraction of pool fires burning heat

silicone fluids
Buch, R., Hamins, A., Konishi, K., Mattingly, D., and Kashiwagi

Abstrac
The steady-state mass burning flux and the radiative flux profiles to the surroundings
were measured for a series of burning silicone fluids and organic fuels in 0.1-m, 0.3-
m, 0.6-m and 1-m pool burners. Short-chain silicone oligomers and
aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons exhibited a strong dependence of the mass flux and
the radiative fraction on pool size. The longer chain length silicone fluids and
alcohols exhibited both markedly lower mass fluxes and radiative components of
heat release and these parameters were virtually independent of pool size. Silica, a
gas-phase combustion product of the silicone fluids, was observed to deposit into the
vaporizing liquid pool, the yield increasing with silicone chain length. This
necessitated correcting the measured apparent mass flux for the liquid volume
displaced by the silica. The measured radiative power emitted from flames burning
silicone oligomers and hydrocarbons was substantially larger than the power
radiated by flames burning long-chain silicone fluids or alcohols. The mass
gasification flux and the radiative fraction of the silicones fluids and the organic fuels
were well correlated by the ratio of the heat of combustion to the heat of gasification
of the fluids.
Journal of Aerosol Science
Volume 26, Issue 1, January 1995, Pages 5-18

Electric field enhanced heat deposition in

flame-synthesized materials manufacturing
Jungho Hwang and John W.Daily

Abstract
Theoretical and experimental studies of electric field enhanced deposition of flame-
synthesized silica onto a disk target were carried out in relation to applications in
optical waveguide preform manufacturing. The deposition method utilized an
imposed electric field to induce a charge on the particle and cause electrophoretic
drift in addition to thermophoretic drift towards the deposition target. An analytical
model utilizing an axisymmetric, viscous stagnation-point flow analysis was
developed. From the model calculations, the overall thermophoretic deposition rate
(mass/time) onto the target was found to be proportional to the target size to the
power of 32. In the presence of an applied electric field the model calculation results
showed that for a constant particle density and a constant particle charge the overall
deposition rate increased as the strength of the applied electric field increased. The
results also showed that for a constant particle density and a constant applied
potential the deposition rate increased as the degree of particle charging increased.
To confirm the analytical results, experiments were carried out. After preliminary
experiments to establish optimal conditions for deposition measurements, silica
deposition rates onto targets were measured both in the absence and in the
presence of applied electric fields. The experimental results for thermophoretic
deposition were found to be within 12% with respect to the deposition rates predicted
by the model. When a potential of −1.6 kV was applied to the 9 cm target, for particle
average charge of 2.78e (e: electronic charge) the deposition rate (0.28 g min−1) was
increased by approximately 35% compared to the thermophoretic deposition rate
(0.2 g min−1). Related to the deposition measurements, interesting aspects of silica
charging mechanisms were discussed.
Journal Combustion Science And Technology
Volume 76, Issue 1-3, (1991) pp 45-46

Transient Scalar Properties of Strongly Radiating Jet

Flames
Sivathanu, Y. R., Gore, J. P., and Dollinar, J

Abstract
An experimental and a theorietical study of transient radiation properties of strongly
radiating turbulent diffusion flames is described. Simultaneous transient
measurements of temperatures and volume fractions of soot obtained using a three
wavelength emission-absorption probe are reported. Soot volume fractions inferred
from absorption measurements are significantly higher than those inferred from
emission data suggesting the presence oflarge quantities of relatively cold soot
within the flames. The results show effects of progressive radiative cooling with
distance from the injector exit. Reasonably good predictions of monochromatic
intensities were obtained using a new bivariate stochastic analysis.