Lasting Consequences of the Summer Learning Gap a Alemder Dare Enwile ote Hep Une, as pins ty nda Se Oe ote Hips ety ‘Pre muh denoted tt mer ering te fy acon ntons ihshonn p o ta arwhe hing fi ee {yond may uns His av mint eng btn usc nor lec yy cron el ie at ‘othe Bare Bg Sho Sau pan we arom aceon ‘ora hes of igh acho nt et dona precesfc eie f ‘cha ey in at gra fi ht coat as rte ie ror fier shang mai refs! erwin igh {Sew Se oneene gp ah rae any as filer leaning the con prs Tee en ot fsck! rai ‘ices ie rm, nana coor ache ee foo fay SES i et ect place lige pron or hoki! ‘encom andor cle ance eda pn for ‘rc ee of ct! iit a el rca poy and pose amparisos of sol yea al sane nie ne ane! quis ot socom eratemanshel ehh ‘Sm andcommaniy inference amie doce Witcher ‘ler schon nd communes ding ‘hola baju irons eso une ere manera hem ince al exp ods nena bang ice ‘f lng cli cpa decoy tue Tish ts ere nit epee Barbar Heya io her 1978 es Summer Sirens tre sonra ote cena pty ny Stine tnd ely ws noe Sang nt It he i oe io ta of st caro de ea of rig Sot ine per Ge Cop ed alps {Sse)acm antes rr pe tem amend Hon te ‘Se sche oie vaca {Femi Tse aco kero ‘is ig ly sorcrecb {Boend whch hr cn spa xr Eitan ewe me ety seta Jeet dau ome fs (Ea, ‘Rented Our 197 Sr om dtd i te sates (unas 19 ‘ti nn al ns oe Ser ay 6, Rares, icy Sad tds ius e204; Davey von Finan rk 8 RedUsing cs Ely Ci Leni snd 5) tk ‘Enlace ea ey tse ons ro yu ng tn Ktedacsinraton te denser ‘scien of mea aig atm tne sca dae eg “Et lane er a forex Diet Sepa igh nel ye ‘estes tbr doug May ht the toa tle Cet coo ye Ietpcaly nil nd same set i nin porno ‘os, Whetstone oe ‘fussed ECL Saas ‘int aren fon be SES fie, Ion moe te mer nde ees Graged covaterpar (Saha ea doors inns emis ne spar con stu) peo igh sk te lee ‘Seat gopy y Setacssey ‘Sto ring epost. Sh and sory smc 2) ‘ih ening ao er saa ies ore Tent onl Suing he cl yee, eee ‘ene ofscnng ef fe ogi {Stypeeflieasowtetate ees Sompenstery sl, bong we euton tht ‘fo Cotuetn lion re pence ot ‘Shoe ge dbs mp ar ‘Stee eqalnos nace parte ‘Shoslssutr ropes oer he ‘See ae gute oneal die fee, Doapiey 956, se ih frm ur nesting of ‘icc ned ty tio, thotood, (tain cogene deeip ne ed oe cm (ent nl oy ral etek Secon feminism the qumon, ther esha beens feu oud nnn te ep {em finslonrenentoneying oso fer (ea, ering deren ea foe expan of come ao up ‘Senne you Silo Ses of ce (Tiong omnes ere nei gae—conene tat ely ‘es achivemee scores aay level of sctoag croton ete Sieg aio ole colle en ns, colge acpi Ge Ese ta {ovr an eee ibe ‘mutt Rests Reuse, a ‘heme i), Send cost ahve. ‘Goethe install ae meaty © yc te cng ces he {at nema ger tu eon See ee een oe wh see a Sad ae (Ge Rs ste Sees 8, We, ‘Sloe nT 1992, eine prs ftp fal ad eng bes oa {Exdooo he Catorna Ate Tet ta ‘prem le yu ne Ti the acumen optional ‘oa hte schermente fey SES She he emery sho! eas ces ‘Sey sure ling eee od hitatincmen sash eid sees ci seer ps soot te bof ‘iets hn) senor ain {itecnces dag enol eyes ian ncn ett one no nclaing the caine St oF ‘het and frame, cole. Twp he hme es se cough flutetote pt Oe Ug fon te Buiznoe ae Doing Soot Shy ss) youn panto mls is omc of came! arg ifieees ‘Sing he elena sc! years ei Gentine sing SAMPLE AND METHODS Re BS ai rpm ema of merch che ‘Soa ogre eben sts {stems eet ge 2 Teepe en icf 18 hohe ayprcpa 50) nen teed oe pu ona iol wih et fey he ee srtg a pe, We se sing "op Batre Cy Pa Schoo! Sen (BCPS8 ross weak soe pt, ‘Sol es and set pet ety Sen tgs soleus lee (lege ypu vr te) a Set cs dan ona ge 9223 Yong, SS dare i (uate cn fom reared scl eooed a Soa pare She ly secon aed San et ena a eS ‘Signe 97 he Al x pd fervrale ectpcnn) CComprehenrion sibs ofthe Califor ‘etme le CAR) ery fam ac Fs BSS yeas Ugh (ars ‘eSler Tet 99) lan opie ope ‘tt nd» SS amino of ‘ne es jer aor eis Mit Gere me el ee i). Jermain noe {fa sie) td summer ring 0) lec iste my chon {etod for chides promote realty ‘epee oe eh Hig rae ‘ie ores ie ea) Te BPS ‘Seidl scivecteng BSS ye 1 eos 195 coer eae ‘ey tontaned eat CAT tery ae {ths btn apg 191 (he nd 0 as [een pmreren ce B ‘0 adit ofthe Reng Compe ‘Revonah Cony ibs ieig ‘poco conrge ae al pee The Iara been te fod of BSS fou 5 aad Spring yea ope tml scl es {odie Fist yerat high sel Wis no ‘oer eyes sca aad Sepa Seom, 40 over gi ae ned "eae 1 eigen uaa sping freak of he fe ea Plat Thinner at Ug cee races sing yo Tien woth ‘ftftng i bering sna fsa yh noe ‘ry ee. Cie cotage vice eed ‘Shot ng tr 2 (e900 ‘Shy Ascot se pone ee ‘enn lof asso (G87 netelitse sateen 80h Iallanple), by yu 9 else grows ‘rng cage 1890 svete al gl tlie ny with near empate etag ‘earns et on dot {bi fi jst atest ener. er xa, 81 ret oct be ore ti oF ing secon and ern ve in ore ert eo rmugof ie ceunsnac re pemted “xpd ves oft odin ed 0 [Sputie|eang ma npn (Gp Alon 2009), These meted eet, ‘ingore rt ail sta [cpap sreserens song ch ‘He nce inthe sae ae, ‘ae ely SES bc (oso thous rn che am fr ‘recucs igh eo pce ‘eed STATA mfr cay ot pate ton rose? The nnd nF 1G wes a esl comport nae "csr (eee cma ai etn ly S88 wre cpet, ene ot pd fer ih ach tek al eae 2 ce {hal oucone vals wed Spode "its iste grein ose “hap aecos dvr dred spear oe ver patty ‘cosine ey es doing of year) acl te or ‘beens components dine mes ‘lf ender cams salam fais et emery ren, cane Smet port cewey ge nd ‘ealgnin ovr sa Geog) Boss ees 2Scaomeisa smentaunana upiaton of he ma ic imu hou. a at ‘ly cca bn of ess oi Tepe of eesti meted eagle vege, See otuean eeepc Cetin Si tt nero oe Eh tn salad rly ome {pi ere org eal val igvhscordgy e gp ease 8 Se ona pi a twit pe esa tones ee eh ‘ied ae pred DISAGGREGATING YEAR [AGHLEVEMENT SCORES ‘ee sgrng ye 9 ahevement weg fr he Mate mn 76 eee ‘us ih snd etna of 603 Ge JB Te degen oon hie (eel of sd perfomance ey BE ‘Sat or forego a8 finn able ven opis en ‘fetal ta gc: 2) weg coma ‘Shzetyno pn 1950 po spa ‘Sota unt pt pee ‘orem rng lee ‘SJacovengr ume soy me teri ST pons ner ie ya 6 gh eh eeu ‘gehen tom ser “eaten rere aos esi ou te don hs 3 eng i he fal of de stints eee ‘a tr ceny nly SORWIED ee ic of e307 poe ‘Snow riche tana Sealine tiottneemenas oa itt oes pees sie eon ae sche sali ey 9 Berton Stat oe pe wel ini epteteosey Set Some ae Reta at rate Seite Suse ims oe waiheasesb tenons ew Sctultey i te sox Team SESS cern Sot anges hen Rete sees Schwere nn Se pe ence ; et crs ne se eumen tt oe hp dh Sept lg teem Cut scoped rayne ‘Srna ters ‘sane “exten ave tba SE ntl se SS et ephenpm e ‘Sitsamcnngiconms even nd Sasetciniy asec cea epee Sierra ane eng ‘tah beie stareer (wt eel bend oo ‘bie. Reto petro Tet Se Decameron Ye St Ties ap iow NASES Tigh oh Loe sy __tng)_ian__ ‘er Sip rn dics ew SUS SES gage ss IowSt oh coin Atti tat ‘SES atten, 263 psa oda inne won hs ae ga, ining expences md frees {58 ee hol ny The er of ‘eal nity hen eam sei how hr es {8 pos or hur osha a ‘necro mnmeriing ioe re ice SES pp ly fie bt moedaeg he covcrondog Seo! yn andes he ih aap oi, tot seen acs) Batt {mente omg iene ‘ney er sare Intnl Beare i pt evra tcf olag non gh SES che cboo!ar fle. Ta at Shed ote al i, ond ‘cceoftesprganeamens SESE Seam Sms Ses nat bw arg Besse gh Son SS Senso apd ttt ser ‘entre bret comport ad ‘rr ert on SES cr So neat me, acm ‘wa centre Altair Ete nd ‘Samoon ates era SBritinyonn gevtianicowr save ‘Shon tr wc we a gc ‘eiewring omic yu tener ‘Gog teers alent ch cane “heey yates a edn stirred seas pea ar itn water pee osm foooch athe oe a brighter ea cet aetna iy ent ‘ising owe sy ie Inds enone [is Bacay Sh on my ne (eS knegun toe to, Seams bone 0) nee) "Sn Sen a se ny ie tse uty yrs Mees oft [Be hyn wh chen en ako 0 ‘Shims ids male» iene i StS out adi SES yout ae roe Sturm Downey al 290 Bae rope eit jar sheen Dp by SES tng expe ame ‘Soa! pee alee ase ‘See anu gipscewalyonpee ‘rs te pds and sumer pond or ‘Ege slay sch ye SUMMER LEARNING DIFFERENCES AND SCHOOLING OUTCOMES oe age opie fone tat ee Seto peodefre igh hol mtn {inment tors i igh schoo dst ‘shen bevchns forts mpd Desnpanconpreg cle cis 1 SE. Si per fg SES ened in aca eps ogre Inthe ej ero ow ‘SES group. Thee aye doroces eh ‘telnet andclep steno ‘el Bed animation nes ae ‘Searatertepanon ehh coal gr {lc ine 19947 over ati of ow ‘SES ouput} ec ft ih gro ‘epee ein hp ‘depots appentnasy ape ak ‘Speakon oxuftanon of Ope ens Sox pce of behigh SES pap and ‘ature cae yao pee ‘Stow 828 youth, "oltre ow see ing it occ einai be sa ‘Spanning of edn secngest ghactoctanéater te somo pn of ‘Te epee campmor re ‘ase atte eso ent {ees of yh whe al agoans thle pene gy ew SEs ‘Bthesonalgr ac nd high ES ota (Ge alegs eet cond ow SES pen ‘oman nah SES oan cd nna bre nal pn) ly ‘eth te toeSAE bh Steg ast nese Tess bss wigs cop_ one er er) ego igs one S$ og fe prin Pe Seow ar Clot at a Ze Poiana ca cae % oe ‘tec rm ees Sian Yao Sone un ee a Fo ean emis or consider ft he cole tc/nigh Tae ps mol in compan snags ny SE copie. can eet Snel let) Eels Het pir (3 0) tee Sema ohh at Fr Teac tre gu yur 9 wisenet fm conan be? ot SSnesmerherolereneh(6syeae) ‘Su iin cmeiy ly np {teeter tang bes ies eros xen ssa ‘om om denen ha Te el Semi ofr atanemse owe eee rey rina voregertemrenh Fs geunevtmccae Renan a eth petegiow SES pomment ogous agian “nlc nde Eoin siemois Rayot E rset 2 coo near) soem ce ft oes ei a SSeeideeman caso Taam; Semen tae iyo te 03cm em eens ote Seco ty il ee sh eee ee taafismal ie genres in yon See enOiyomsapina paca techn an comely Gouteringuicadeece ‘Seater hey eset wa af Tse fr ater of elu sa son ted sal ein ne ‘raion el everett fin seeing a nL cement {eset a hip seh do no age Setlritr aces anion Seeds athse wn esac dane ‘er ys wo tet al ved ore ‘te aoe dbo Bu conn onset be pe aco te ‘Scope! try apes wc mde Nh tho! eards eb Our show In ceo oo een ue es {a gi ind te ou ace [Bey fm SES apn, na pres ‘She inet you tm son caoge tk Suan dates sew ao ‘he pug seo open oh ‘sand ory snegee REGRESSION ADVUSTED COMPARISONS. ey te ct th srg nae 2 cage eof me eres espie dence jut von Tae 3 Stl etd tac Teen, ‘trv fom rou peeps epee anon re psi pobubis of bele Scales pry rg igh ha (etna fe igh SES dh ow SES ‘Semple of beg a perme depo (Geary ier esl ted {eh ow SES open) ono eas 2 our aie (vee ota ee oss, ested fre SES ftrple ony). The equations adjust for ‘Storer ame wi sy a Mle asuagsting nk om mbt (Gols vere) ily SES (ell ‘i fe na np co ine) and br vrata op Congo fer? wirwneat tre ‘Soe om hao lat arse au of ‘rough Sa mean of ome me pits aneer | hough an ‘eof ping snes yee Yeu toe Testa Sarepesefs fear chine es, ‘bia Fein Pailin fan Once am Lagi Ragin Ma onic ha SeOmesie step “Oyo sea Sri rn " ry oe a ety ede « ESOS er See fst iee tesone wold eget sear 9 ative edocs thomas epi fa thee (Sones Toohliepace ge ed ia we ted yar 9 wees ‘Eons fre our cuns iT. Foe ‘Suber on eat 9 cores 0 SUES the ante amg wh capes testing (= 326) the el SES lw $65 copra bang, Pesci ss eaten totic ite facevnentin ard a veal gic sod sabe ge ‘Soca ish yan ‘SEsielein de ceesomenl copes ot (ard aconeent mr ng SES escitrecein leek erineat ot TRessondy nel iphcoal ecm ‘oupage td amen a stage "Te res bar eo cache Ts fate eed ea ‘Sern equ forte ea soups (cugipsneareperioe2gh SES Soul ne ne of colege Wek pines edturyercelegesctocrt SES yout ‘Ste ator eas oc cent in Pe nes pot. Ts snl ws es wa pope an essen ese SOW pce pai for en ‘Fenclegecmentaton nh mayo ‘teeta decomposed est ‘uverrpeson aes AND ‘Wig 19s and Taran 175 fos tou ete 68) ote ane np ‘her gop en bron sat beatae) oe! ope events for era, ‘toting ts low SES poupsshivenen Mel's te high SES pup oe “Who ising he igh SES poy of (histamine ‘Shon al for aieernet ean fe ‘Stes ane gino (Getnng eee pops mea ter Sacer tuna af onyogee se eee ‘Sie rt he va, bt ea of a Meteadioemaraeagshenel tren, iy ave tbe ober groupe meus How (oud a aes forename pec pty ole epee Asi Eubmustiod sane vba lm ie des hone se Imps wih ogee caning Sl ovale ray hpi meesng ese danse ged ‘Ean crn ott compro ‘ceonenstatteecs ac ‘Goineieceecennic ckgrnnd nme term) “Motes skeen te ron, theresa en SES a SES out Shen teapetinen iro oor Sol rte opt din oe ta woe nop) do eee (Gtr otowneerenorncae ‘Sead pty otxig naa yrs ech cel pps Tacoma AGPSES utd enone 5 ya Song teow Se scene ts iti hugh Ses egaton ese fer ‘Pos peed nay oc rok ‘Eelnen 3 er by me thn a8 Feet oe So grup very feet Some ene ae ‘Shcnng ea 39 nenger ne ow SES equton trees age ech ew Spam en noe mv obstee pr ew ES outer eget Edy ght neg ane ot ore esa een Thtage nie ested aby oNSES pep anig 0 el ‘Metaftierewn neo 71) ant SES pup ceeag 16 (oti dio ter orntaan of) The eres ‘ein Sepot totes ne poate ‘Jetete tet estat uy 8 ee Sect ope on unor-ON. ie ite rc an, hc hry ymin ih ES pers dpe iw St th no [ence jcrsliges 9 edo {kalo tiie! wees bene pear {hy erp SS ot he ecard oe {Bi Serting Safeco ‘Rasps Bete pi cto wee Tiki tain tingle gemma eng ce [ASTIVGCONSIOUINGES OF THESUADGE LEARNING GAP 08 he aston easton i SES you SGuevenet meager hogan 4 pt ein hen ut ene le igre sme comp hs Hh ‘args er, sgn he nome Petaime rece hes Bers tiny “Tecate pring en high schol pou ste nat sal le Fe whew eres ge ba eneailon cts The ped [lly ffm pea ane SeSyout ie. Theprst. 2 anal {oa higs Sb achiever ese ha piscussion ccs sthon leper prada Suton on ere of ‘th inplenson fr how he suche Itt cout of fly on comm ‘tha rms young hes eae eve ‘eet conus pts 9 bcos ‘totam Sty income chee ‘stoerthoue of ean ppe se ‘Brahe beg soeen sume esi ‘Sot oer metry snl na ‘er achoringostowes Sie iw SES Deut pest wn otf ing Tig tint oars tet arf hrs contro the pre ono famdy atta oad dren Tow SES youth e dee Ht to Sin air yo ole eparty HS ‘Solera, ary ema ert re ‘elo ste vey toe hs pene ‘ue Nd besa ti sae oth foe more ret ave cho! wie Segue es ly to ste ener ‘ole In ho ts, td wo du te, ‘Seo eonetonce bequest of Shovetince ate rtofhigcoaa ‘Sopra tucson propane "gm ined a we et. pt aan ci SS ercathemn toe il eb i eee a cesar tl ie in precoae Senso kumigenrmense are and Ry 1995) Thelen [ne wy sadeged youth ae sche ie fart nner pre (UcandBaam20 ntl yh coe tie ag belinda (tan an Deo 204 Piip, Cou, ed ath 198) Now ‘ee tut nr ang ences ‘i tt eho ke ert ‘amigas ne bees exe te een 1 wb te coming pres of sot age She fly ml spherod eee ‘ns comnts ear hee “itt betes an low SES yout Stmier sal vr fe Se se ‘nary sel ene ome na te ie alg cnet anata tethers! pes Ano, se ee in ren et xy yar ht re ‘ thenacies nh aleve ‘Stain ae gh eal uc pa Ins seo on an eee ine Ts stg ey fw expe ‘yp btn me "Te BS ns oa soy an he ic sane bef npn sal ja et 500" Ti bay Ye he sa eet ana igh poverty dts pl. Eyre Tap te ele spn oo ey aig ees, dese ‘len we pl ean you Ba mt thepnin o nona thr et ‘tessoue cree esting aes ‘Siteun inthis ale. Te sal BCLS ‘be fr nape al ean Hi ‘oreo pode and ose ‘aner betwen Fina tn 1 ae (ter ing we sey ewng pees ‘yes ype eda ioe ‘eter ae te fe ee ‘Ned spe, ad coi ie eld ‘preatager an pote je shod be gece Tht i BSS fags ad foveaseries moc aver ‘Sipe ice wane ress ses ie ae mertmey cee a te yb at apenas relat pte 2 anal ee Se ca piglet ‘emcee ei Saute ares Sete Soy eeynes Se ee at Uae ee Maer tit Paes Ser cs i sn 0 eet ae eal et serait oa te cane Stem (es pees Sage ete eit Panty Beso Ph erected Eee cna ysl nme ca oe ee cae en CI ant nce cn cp ane asec Se Sects Sivek eto er ce ante nace SON ii Gane ie ee anerts Bey cae obonny et se ape aoa hes oie aay eps caret tony eel ane seers nent 2 et ents serene ne ei tel Soi eee oa pecs wid desing Sy Seung Haima pyaar oc et eee otc nae yy Speer Sarigoreti rae oa wb fn ind deni Zaft teneae pm a ‘Shien ca pope to no or Leon tain Srehoree pe femepengm ie foekeraead trate ‘Ses vi det roto ‘Sipetney cco ue the seca aay Com Sr hats Yoon Roadenctem “a hn date made ene Pa Sytem ey cer Sean done yes Serio pone ‘nor mtr ss eg rete weeny tele Sencha cnn e Sitter on ss Pope pce he oklic glen Sinamay neyo Ehsan le conn ate [Rh cen, Whe low some ov SES ply niente Wapeice ecco wet SEO aD chk ner pe Sentea Cinna 0) Sette cng mae tt song eames oe se 2 Sharan atiey seers ‘se ders pee ‘tes dng abort oi pea ei re Seana heme ‘piece hee pen ‘Suns how tt xs ening ine 9 ae Sate cindex edie pazice ace ave owen ete ‘Bhan et cin be Coes Stoo ne ere seh to ‘Semon age ea (Cone 6 ‘Sie nd aspen, sdonaged sade ily, AL eh ‘asenatit m igh ually “ee” poe fanepcschons al: sumer hole ‘ie bstewbexett nega mee Feo wend fin oy (hier cay prime ao chien Wb postned a ptr er ie qn (eg, Caper 200, Ao ‘eter ar mete he whee (bp, srt board groprameig fr Bo (Giicrencicne tnd etc ld ay etme liste prien nere ater thn eet (eo Paper 205) ‘hsp 2 cllnge spol what © > Ta the oye pte of shee met an ry ea Fr) os el rent of ay ion nly Spd ssumpsn sete an sb Iesot por nmiets youts ao the ae ofl hed stron te ‘efoto oa yes ‘rena poe nae Paap. the sche edo ene deg’ ‘tro a teal reaped og "Nisan 190 Berne nd te 198 seer 98) with my dndotaps ie ‘ws schoo lings, Rots 203) {th ool ut er eal ae ay (Ge oan 1991 ovarian Fal so pect ce ag sb pens rae acy ‘es CulsLet Being NCLB) oe “req ear rere mn ‘or shoal efesvenes based on toa ‘tirementeing in pan 3 So ‘Shs ftom rn NCL ee Int deg forte nse eas {teagan edt agree” ‘Suman srveecoretien emda Inne ty sana so designed Cerny ‘soi th crn il shat ee oor te pte Ct Of NCLB ay ‘Bopiaced Indeed sol seen ot eto ropes an stn at nl ‘sin Ghaetged saan wil ald ‘Seal nt jt ew happens et eosin ya at oe et sume ne lh ey [Stewo conte ie BSS pas alg ‘atti how may shin gor ‘Sets tates moved Senge ‘Sho gerne copie tt of ‘Eas inchot eens ts bern ae {aly Anasewstyopem tr oes il to sig saps eve se ‘Spc ue tate (Dons oe pet, ana Hopes 203), wou be mae ‘pie er ugg ose ce fest he re angen ea or ‘een tt move, and ceri ovr eerie tne earl Actes b Dy Prefer of Stars oon Cony a ‘Seas mpm one ‘Rcmbe adbeast seg ‘Het edi or pons a aa ‘Eon om Be eyed ca a a of te ay [Eoin Om Sno ae fon an rans a ‘pen Shon Da ea Ptr cl, ee fin Oa fe na ne inerrant few horn ‘enti any Sal pn nae ‘Serer hdc eldhanaeent nia heen ‘fee sa mate ‘Si Ste uty ea ema Insane ape pt a ‘Sotto onesie ne Se bon nce ac en ‘arn A Dye Sly Se ‘sme eh enact he n'ont Sorte ae er IM sone ef eee Siig ns ‘ieee