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XI Languatje and Language Teadiing
Proceedings
T H E 3"^ I N T E R N A T I O N A L L A N G U A G E
AND LANGUAGE T E A C H I N G C O N F E R E N C E
(LLTC 2016)
Contributors:
Markus Budiraharjo, Billy Nathan Setiawan, Vanti SuryantI,
Pauline Widyastuti, Eko Bagus Panuntun, Yani Pretty H. Panggabean, Agnes Siwi Purwaning Tyas,
Wahyu Kartika Wienanda, Yohana Ika Harnita Sari, Lia Agustina, Caria Sih Prabandari, Gregorius Punto Aji,
Made Frida Yulia, SupardI, Melania Wiannastiti, Vinny Sutriani Raranta, Athifah Utami,
Ignatius Tri Endarto, Antonius Herujiyanto, Ahimsa Padmanaba Murfi, Lintang Kumalaning Angkasa,
Made Wahyu Mahendra, Woro Kusmaryani and Fitriawati, Winarno, Lintang Kumalaning Angkasa, Nurul
HIdayah Pratama, Esa Maullsaklna Wllma Ariyani, Almas Adibah, FIrlma Zona Tanjung, Paulus Subiyanto, Ni
Wayan Sadiyani, Ni Nyoman Yuliantini,rt"ommi Yuniawan, Mochamad Rizqi Adhi Pratama, Agata Nina Puspita,
Dominique Savio Nsengiyumva, Maria Vincentia Eka Mulatsih, Andreas Winardi, K. M. Widi Hadiyanti, Simona,
Supriyani, Theodesia Lady P., Agatha Lisa, Pratama Irwin Talenta, C. I Wayan Eka Budiartha, Bagus Putra
Krisdiana, Rady Russetia Dewi, Eka Wahjuningsih, Leo Candra Wahyu Utami, lliiyin Zarkasih, Monika Guitom,
Yohana Veniranda, Vera Syamsi, Fajria Fatmasari, Magvirah El Walidayni Kau, Sri Widyarti Ail, Helena Badu,
Fadhila Yonata, Sri Sarwanti, Rini Estiyowati Ikaningrum, C. Prima Ferri Karma, Tri O. Ervina, Ida D. Sukmawati,
Yuliana Zakiyah, Fitri Wijayanti, Avilanofa Bagus Budi, Maria Evita Sari, Martha Erika Diana, Bernadetha Wahyu
Widyaningrum, Danin Christianto, Christiana Novitawati, A. Rus Winarni, Tinon Hastoririh H, Endang Purnama,
Tina Priyantin, Najib Khumaidillah, istiqomah Khoirul llmi, Citra Putri Utami, Najib Khumaidillah,
istiqomah Khoirul llmi, Citra Putri Utami, Cicilia Dwi Setyorini, Budi Setyono, M. Zakia Rahmawati, Made Frida
Yulia, Patricia Angelina Lasut, Wahyu Hidayat, Anis Nariswari, Diah Norita Rumpaka, Mutiatun Nasihah,
Rusiana, Titis SulistyowatI, ista Maharsi, and Eko Bagus Panuntun.
Editors:
BarliBram I Christina Kristiyani I Christina LhaksmitaAnandari
Caria Sih Prabandari | Mega Wulandari | Monica Ella Harendita
Truly AlmendoPasaribu I Yohana Veniranda
Reviewers:
Nik Aloesnita Binti Nik Mohd Aiwi, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
Sharilyn Mae Childers, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, Minnesota, USA
Lilik Ratnasari Gondopriono, City University of New York, USA
Joana Llanderal, University of Southern Mindanao, Philippines
Tariq Saeed, Open Polytechnic, New Zealand
Sanata Dharma
University Press
Proceedings
THE S"" I N T E R N A T I O N A L L A N G U A G E
AND L A N G U A G E TEACH ING C O N F E R E N C E
Copyright © 2016
Layout:
Lasmida Putri Sion Rachel, indrias Purwaningtyas,
Niko Albert Setiawan, Nicolas Arya Jason,
Gregoriana Nobilio Pasia janu, Voni Novita,
Ajeng Bisana Pradhipta
appti
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The contents of the book are entirely the responsibility of the author.
T H E COMPONENTS OF C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G S K I L L S 84
AND STUDENT'S V O I C E S IN L2 U N D E R G R A D U A T E A R G U M E N T A T I V E E S S A Y
Athifah Utami
L A N G U A G E P O W E R AND S T Y L E - B A S E D COMMUNICATION 98
IN J O U R N A L I S M C L A S S
Antonius Herujiyanto
M A K E T H E M R E A D : USING L I T E R A T L R E IN E N G L I S H L A N G U A G E C L A S S R O O M 139
T O P R O M O T E INDEPENDENT R E A D I N G
Lintang Kumalaning Angkasa and Nurul Hidayah Pratama
Abstract
There are five major translation procedures generally adopted for translation
practice: transposition, modulation, adaptation, equivalence with context, and equivalence
with note ( Machali, 2009:92). Transposition or shift (Catford, 1965), however, is one of
translation procedures unavoidable to attain the equivalence between the source language
(SL) and the target language (TL). It is a procedure of changing grammatical forms from
SL to TL.
This paper is aimed to explore the impact of applying transposition viewed from
Systemic Functional Language (SFL) Theory (Halliday, 1994) by which language is
considered as designed: (i) to understand the environment or build experience, and (ii) to
act on the others. Here the clause plays a central role where the reality is made up of
processes: material, mental, and relational. Based on the notion of metaphor as the
variation in the expression of meanings, metaphorical variation is lexicogrammatical
rather than simply lexical (Halliday,1994:341). This analysis shows that adoption of
transposition has potential to change such procesess. Consequently, a metaphorical clause
may change into a congruent (non metaphorical) one due to such a translation procedure.
The examples of clauses with grammatical metaphors used in this study are taken
from The Book of Psalm (Kitab Mazmur ) : Lnglish version is considered as SL and
Indonesian version as TL. The result of analysis is that: (i) all procedures have potential
(not always) to change a metaphorical clause in SL into coingruent one in TL, (ii)
transposition has a great potential to change metaphorical clauses into congruent ones.
Based on the result of this study, it may he concluded that SFL theory can he
adopted as a theoretical ground for translation study, and so as a tool of analysis in the
praxis of translation. Transposition, from the view of SFL, not only the shift of structure
hut also the change of grammatical process.
Introduction
In the practice of translation, the application of the transposition procedure is
inevitably used hy translators to achieve equivalence between the meaning of the source
language (SL) and the target language (TL) due to the structural differences in language
patterns. Transposition is the process of replacing the structure of the SL text with a
different structure of the TL, yet retains meaning (Wilss, 1980). According to Machali
(2009), there are four kinds of transposition or shifting forms, namely (i) a shift in the
form of compulsory caused the system and rules of language so the translator does not
have any choice; (ii) a shift is adopted because the grammatical structure of the SL does
not exist in the TL, (iii) a shift for reasons of fairness or flexibility in the TL, and (iv) a
shift to fill lexical gab in the TL.
Grammatical Metaphor
Halliday & Martin (1993: 79) state that grammatical metaphor is the substitution
of one grammatical class or structure hy other grammatical class or structure. For
example, the process of departing (verb) is converted into a noun in he is departing into
his departure. Thompson (1996: 165) states that grammatical metaphor is an expression
of meaning through lexicogrammatical form hy which the original meaning can he
expressed differently. Thus, grammatical metaphor is a way in which the same meaning
can he expressed metaphorically as well as congruent with the grammatical process.
Since metaphor is variation in the expression of meanings, so metaphorical variation is
lexicogrammatical rather than simply lexical (Halliday, 1994:341).
Halliday distinguishes two main types ofo grammatical metaphors in the clause
based on meta function of language : ideational metaphor (transitivity) and interpersonal
metaphor ( mood and modality). As ideational function, a clause contains participants
(actor, goal), process (material, mental, relational), and circumstance (adverbial). For
example, Mary saw something wonderful (congruent) may he expressed as Mary came
upon a wonderful sight (metaphorical).
Conclusion
A translation product is the result of the translation process in which the translator has
chosen and made some decisions, starting from the ideological partiality oriented to the
TL or the SL, until the applied specific procedures. The main purpose of those policies is
to attain the meaning equivalence hetween the SL and the TL. Transposition, hy
structural view, is a shift of grammatical form without changing the menaing e.g. word
to phrase, noun to verh, etc. From the SFL view, hovewer, transposition can he
understood as the changing of grammatical process such as material to relational, and the
form of clause from metaphorical to congruent. This finding could he used hy the
translator in making the decision to choose the right procedures and their impacts,
particularly the transposition. Moreover, the study of translation from the perspective of
SFL theory can enrich hoth the theoretical and practical domains of translation.
References
Halliday, M . A. K. (1994). Functional grammar. London: Hodder Headline Pic.
Machali, R. (2009). Pedoman bagipenerjemah. Bandung: Puhlisher Kaifa.