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Name: ------------------ Quiz 3 Time: 20 minutes

ME:5160 Fall 2017


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The exam is closed book and closed notes.
Water at 20°C (ρ=998 kg/m3) flows through the elbow and waterjet exits to the atmosphere. The
waterjet impinges normal to a flat plate that moves at velocity of 5 m/s as shown in Figure. The
pipe diameter is D1= 10 cm, while D2 = 3 cm. At a flow rate of 0.0153 m3/s, the pressure p1 =
233 kPa (gage). (a) Estimate x component of the force on the flange bolts at section 1. (b) Find
the force required to keep plate moving at a constant velocity. Neglect weight of water, elbow
and plate.
y
Continuity Equation:
𝑑𝑑
− ∫𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌∀ = ∫𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝜌𝜌𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 . 𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Momentum Equation: x
𝑑𝑑
∑ 𝐹𝐹 = ∫𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑉𝑉𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌∀ + ∫𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑉𝑉𝜌𝜌𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 . 𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
V3

Fplate
V3
Vplate = 5m/s
Name: ------------------ Quiz 3 Time: 20 minutes

ME:5160 Fall 2017


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Solution:
Format (+3)

a) Continuity:

Q = V1 A1 = V2 A2 (+1)

𝑄𝑄 0.0153
𝑉𝑉1 = = 𝜋𝜋 = 1.95 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (+0.5)
𝐴𝐴1 � �(0.1)2
4

𝑄𝑄 0.0153
𝑉𝑉2 = = 𝜋𝜋 = 21.64 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (+0.5)
𝐴𝐴2 � �(0.03)2
4
(+2)
x – momentum:

� 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝑚𝑚̇𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑚𝑚̇𝑢𝑢1

−𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥,𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑝𝑝1 𝐴𝐴1 = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌(−𝑉𝑉2 cos 40° − 𝑉𝑉1 ) (+2)


𝜋𝜋
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥,𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = (233 × 103 ) (0.1)2 + (998)(0.0153)(21.64 cos 40° + 1.95) = 2113 𝑁𝑁 (+0.5)
4
(+2.5)
b) Momentum along jet:
2
𝐹𝐹𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = −𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 = −𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 �𝑉𝑉2 − 𝑉𝑉𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 � (+2)

𝜋𝜋
𝐹𝐹𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = −998 � 0.032 � (21.64 − 5)2 = −195 𝑁𝑁 (+0.5)
4
(+2.5)
Alternative approach:

From symmetry we can assume that the area of the jets that are deflected from the plate are equal

x - momentum

−𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 (−𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅2 )(−𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅2 cos 𝜃𝜃) + 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴3 (𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅3 )(𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 cos 𝜃𝜃) + 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴3 (𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅3 )(−𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅3 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
2
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = −𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅2 cos 𝜃𝜃 (+1)

y-momentum

−𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 = 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 (−𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅2)(−𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅2 sin 𝜃𝜃) + 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴3 (𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅3)(𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 sin 𝜃𝜃) + 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴3 (𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅3 )(−𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅3 sin 𝜃𝜃)
2
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 = −𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅2 sin 𝜃𝜃 (+1)
Therefore
2 (sin2
|𝐹𝐹𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 | = �𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 = 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅2 𝜃𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃𝜃)0.5 = 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅2
Name: ------------------ Quiz 3 Time: 20 minutes

ME:5160 Fall 2017


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2
|𝐹𝐹𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 | = 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅2 = 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴2 �𝑉𝑉2 − 𝑉𝑉𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 �
𝜋𝜋
|𝐹𝐹𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 | = 998 � 0.032 � (21.64 − 5)2 = 195 𝑁𝑁 (+0.5)
4
(+2.5)

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