1.

Find the main idea of paragraphs 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, and 12, and write them in a

paragraph.

In general, there are 3 factors that combine to reshape the foundations of modern economy.
First of all, the digital revolution increases the reach, flexibility and agility of companies, large
and small, as multinational microenterprises. Second, international competition attracts a million

new workers and consumers who earn a living in a downward career, and emerging countries
become innovators and acquire skills. Finally, culture changes the nature of socio-economic
interactions by transforming people's aspirations and preferences, such as the expectation of
instant gratification offered by one-click services.

On the other hand, traditional policies are obsolete in the face of the integration of products and
services in the market. The increasing value of border markets, given the integration of the
product service, is more valuable. Companies can move from one business model to another to
the ease of use of the new data protection regime - they are under close scrutiny by companies
that have more options than ever: digitization gives companies agility. terms of location,
outsourcing and use of global value chains to their maximum advantage.

The single market should not be seen in isolation. Another factor such as 3D printing, also known
as "additive manufacturing", could lead to the relocation or nearshoring of the industry, since it
increases the speed of production while reducing costs and satisfying consumer demand with
greater speed and greater influence on production. Both can make production at or near
headquarters cheaper than production abroad. It requires decisive political actions that
encourage the adoption of technology by all the corporate actors that compete internationally.
However, it is likely that the relocation of some high-end production processes is related to the
construction of a stronger link between products and services.
Developing innovations that are not easy to replicate Adding sophisticated business services
to advanced manufactured products leads to innovations that are not easily replicated by the
competition and, therefore, provide a significant competitive advantage. In comparison, it would
be difficult to maintain that competitive advantage with a standard product manufactured empty
of an additional service component. This story also plays
 2. Write a summary of ten lines from the text.

In summary, Europe has everything going for it in this new, hyperconnected, interoperable
economy: traditional strength in manufacturing must now urgently be complemented by world-
class services. As the European Commission ponders the future of the single market, a more
holistic and all-encompassing view must guide the upcoming strategy. Building on the global
reputation that European goods are superior in quality, there is a unique opportunity to provide
additional value and gain international competitive advantage – by accelerating the integration
of technology, services and design. It is the only way that Europe can succeed and excel in the
‘race to the top’ that leading competitors are pursuing in a quest for sustainable prosperity
and highquality jobs.

3. Choose a paragraph and translate it with your own words.

English:

I am choosing the paragraph called, From Tangible to Intangible Investment: The traditional
economy, marked by incremental innovation, is reflected in investment patterns. Today, it is
invested in modern knowledge such as design, software, data, organizational capital, which are
specific skills for brand development and marketing. They are intangible investments, which
serve to encourage other types of investments. The goal is to reinvent continuously to follow the
technological frontier, the preferences of users and the evolution of global value chains. At
present, influential companies interact with constant innovation and specific investment in
capital. Managers understand the importance of knowledge-based capital.

Spanish:

Estoy eligiendo el párrafo llamado, De la inversión tangible a la inmaterial: la economía

tradicional, marcada por la innovación incremental, se refleja en los patrones de inversión.
Hoy en día, se invierte en conocimiento moderno, como diseño, software, datos, capital
organizacional, que son habilidades específicas para el desarrollo de marca y marketing. Son
inversiones intangibles, que sirven para alentar otros tipos de inversiones. El objetivo es
reinventar continuamente para seguir la frontera tecnológica, las preferencias de los usuarios
y la evolución de las cadenas de valor mundiales. En la actualidad, las empresas influyentes
interactúan con la innovación constante y la inversión específica en capital. Los gerentes
entienden la importancia del capital basado en el conocimiento.
 4. Choose ten words from the text and organize them alphabetically. Look for the

meaning of each word.

apprenticeship aprendizaje

Behavioral Comportamiento

branding marca

Disrupt Interrumpir

forefront primer plano

Hardly Apenas

Innovations Innovaciones

Manufacturing Fabricación

Tangibles Tangibles

Thermostat Termostato

5. Match the term with the corresponding meaning.

a Client Things created by projects.

b Solution A series of tasks to be done in a specified sequence.

c Engagement A customer.

d Project Products and services that solve a client’s problem.

e Deliverable An agreement between client-service provider.