Questions & Answers On Circuit Model, Emf and Torque

EMF & Torque Production - DC Machines Quest... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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EMF & Torque Production - DC

Machines Questions and Answers
by Manish
5-6 minutes
This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “EMF and Torque Production
– 1”.
1. In which mode machine is operating, given that

conductor current is in the same direction of conductor
emf?
a) Motoring
b) Generating
c) Can’t be determined using directions
d) In both modes for different cycles
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: If the conductor current is in the same
direction of conductor emf then machine outputs electrical
power and absorbs mechanical power. So, when
mechanical power is absorbed machine is said to be in a
generating mode. When conductor emf and conductor
current are in opposite directions then machine is said to be
1 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
in a motoring mode.
2. Nature of the flux density wave in the air gap

is__________ (for armature current equal to 0)
a) Flat topped with quarter wave symmetry
b) Point topped with quarter wave symmetry
c) Flat topped with half wave symmetry
d) Point topped with half wave symmetry
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a DC machine magnetic structure is such
that the flux density wave in the air gap is flat topped with
quarter wave symmetry as long as armature current is
equal to 0. For non-zero value of armature current, this
quarter wave symmetry is disturbed because of armature
reaction.
3. In a DC machine, average energy stored in the magnetic

field remains constant independent of the armature rotation.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: True
Explanation: In a DC machine, barring the irrecoverable
losses of both electric and magnetic origin, there is balance
between electrical and mechanical powers of the machine;
the average energy stored in the magnetic field remains
constant irrespective of armature rotation.
4. Emf produced by DC machine, for zero armature current

(E1) and non-zero armature current (E2) can be related
2 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
as__________
a) E1 = E2
b) E1 > E2
c) E1 < E2
d) Can’t be determined
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a DC machine flux density wave in the air
gap is flat topped with quarter wave symmetry as long as
armature current is equal to 0. For non-zero value of
armature current, this quarter wave symmetry is disturbed
because of armature reaction. Emf produced is
independent of B-wave shape, thus we will get same value
for both cases.
5. Average coil emf for 20 coil turns (E1) and 40 coil turns
(E2), will have ratio E1/E2=____ (assuming all other
parameters same for both machines).
a) 1/2
b) 2/1
c) 1/4
d) 4/1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Emf generated in a DC machine is directly
proportional to number of coil turns, Flux per pole, number
of poles and armature speed in rad/s. Thus, ratio E1/E2=
20/40 (assuming all other parameters same for both
machines).
3 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
6. What is the average coil emf generated in a 4-pole DC

machine having flux/pole equal to 0.1 wb rotating at 1500
rpm? (No. of coil sides = 100)
a) 19 kV
b) 1.9 kV
c) 190 V
d) 19 V
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Average coil emf generated= ∅ωNP/π.
E= 0.1*1500*100*4/3.14
E= 60000/3.14
E≅ 19 Kv.
7. Emf and torque produced in a DC machine are

proportional to ________ and _________ respectively.
a) Armature speed and armature emf
b) Armature emf and armature speed
c) Armature current and armature emf
d) Armature speed and armature current
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Average coil emf generated= ∅ωNP/π.
Machine torque = ka*∅*Ia. Thus, average coil emf
generated can also be represented as ka*∅*ω. So, average
coil emf is directly proportional to ω (armature speed) and
average torque is directly proportional to Ia (armature
current).
8. What is the value of Np in an average coil emf equation,
4 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
for 10 armature conductors with 2 parallel paths?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 2.5
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In an emf equation Nc= Cp * Np. Here, Cp=
coils/ parallel path. Np is defined as number of turns per
parallel paths which is also called as ratio of total armature
conductors to the twice of number of parallel paths. Np=
10/(2*2)= 10/4= 2.5.
9.What is the torque equation in terms of B, Ic, l, Zr (r=

mean air gap radius)?
a) Bav*Ic*l*Zr
b) Bav*Ic*l/Zr
c) Bav*Ic*Zr/l
d) Can’t be expressed
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Avg. conductor force f= Bav*l*Ic. Here, Bav=
Average flux density over pole, l= acyive conductor length.
Thus, torque T= Z*f = Bav*l*Ia*Z. This torque is constant
because both the flux density wave and current distribution
is fixed in space at all times.
T developed= Bav*Ic*l*Zr (Here, r= mean air gap radius).
10. What is the value of pole pitch (in SI unit) for mean air
gap radius= 0.5mm and P=4?
5 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
a) 0.785* 10-6
b) 0.785* 10-3
c) 0.785* 10-2
d) 0.785* 10-4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Pole pitch is called as center to center
distance between two adjacent poles. When measured in
electrical degrees one pole itch is equal to 1800. Pole pitch
can be calculated as ratio of 2πr/P.
Pole pitch= 2*3.14* 0.5* 10-3 / 4= 0.785* 10-3 m.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – DC

Machines.
To practice all areas of DC Machines, here is complete set

of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
6 of 6 3/19/18, 7:14 AM
DC Machines Questions and Answers for Freshers about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
DC Machines Questions and

Answers for Freshers
by Manish
5-6 minutes
This set of DC Machines Questions and Answers for

Freshers focuses on “EMF and Torque Production – 2”.
1. A 4-pole Dc wound machine is lap wound with 400

conductors. The pole shore is 20 cm long and average flux
density over one-pole pitch is 0.4 T, the armature diameter
being 30 cm. What is the value of flux/pole?
a) 0.188 Wb
b) 18.88 Wb
c) 0.0188 Wb
d) 1.888 Wb
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Flux is defined as flux density for a given
surface area. Here, Surface area can be calculated and
multiplied with B to give the value of flux. Flux= 2πr*l*B.
now, for calculating flux per pole, divide it by P=4. So, Flux
per pole after substituting all values is equal to 0.0188 Wb.
1 of 6 3/19/18, 7:15 AM

being 30 cm. What is the value of induced emf?
a) 188 V
b) 276 V
c) 94 V
d) 188 mV
View Answer
Answer: a Explanation: Induced emf in a DC machine is

equal to,
3. Coil torque for 20 kA armature current (T1) and 40 mA

armature current (T2), will have ratio T1/T2=____
(assuming all other parameters same for both machines).
a) 1/2
b) 2/1
c) 1/4
d) 4/1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Torque produced in a DC machine is directly
proportional to number of coil turns, Flux per pole, number
of poles and armature current. Thus, ratio T1/T2= 20/40
(assuming all other parameters same for both machines).
4. If the no load speed of DC motor is 1300 rpm and full
2 of 6 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
load speed is 1100 rpm, then its voltage regulation is

____________
a. 12.56%
b. 18.18 %
c. 17.39%
d. 18.39%
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For A DC machine when all other parameters
are fixed average coil emf generated is proportional directly
to the speed of the dc motor. Voltage regulation is defined
as ratio of difference of no load voltage and full load voltage
to the full load voltage. VR= (1300-1100/1100)*100%.
5. If the average coil emf of a DC motor is doubled and flux

is halved (keeping other parameters constant) then its shaft
speed will become ___________
a. Twice of the original speed
b. Square of the original speed
c. Four times of the original speed
d. Half of the original speed
View Answer
Answer: c Explanation: Induced emf in a DC machine is

equal to,
From the emf equation we get speed of the shaft

i.e. n α E/Z, when all other parameters are kept constant.
So, when E is doubled n becomes twice the original, halving
flux on reduced emf will quadrupled the speed of a DC
3 of 6 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
machine.
6. A 4-pole wave wound DC motor drawing an armature
current of 20 A has provided with 360 armature conductors.
If the flux per pole is 0.015 Wb then the torque developed
by the armature of motor is _______
a. 10.23 N-m
b. 34.37 N-m
c. 17.17 N-m
d. 19.08 N-m
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: DC Machine torque equation: T = ka*∅*Ia.
Here, ka= ZP/(2πA), Z= total armature conductors, P= No.
of poles, A= No. of parallel paths. For a wave winding A=2.
So, substituting all the values in the torque equation we get
torque equal to 34.37 N-m.
7. In a DC machine, what is the torque induced beyond the

pole shoes?
a) 0
b) 2/π *∅*i
c) π *∅*i/2
d) Can’t be calculated
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a construction of a DC machine poles are
located in magnetically neutral region. The magnetic field at
the pole terminals in a DC machine will be equal to 0. Thus,
cross product with the current flowing through the armature
4 of 6 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
yields zero.
8. For a constant emf, if field current is reduced then the

speed of the DC motor will_____
a) Remains same
b) Increases
c) Decreases
d) Can’t say
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When the field current is reduced, the field
produced by the field winding also reduces. Thus, the term
Φ from the emf equation also decreases. For all other
parameters kept constant speed of the DC machine is
inversely proportional to field. Hence, speed of DC motor
will increase.
9. For an ideal DC machine, which phenomenon will reduce

the terminal voltage?
a) Armature reaction
b) Commutation
c) Armature ohmic losses
d) All will contribute in reducing the terminal voltage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an ideal case, Commutation does not
reduce the terminal voltage of a dc machine. In a non-ideal
case, commutation takes place improperly at desired
timings, thus losses contribute to the terminal voltage
reduction. Armature reaction, ohmic losses due to winding
5 of 6 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
resistance contribute to the losses in the terminal voltage.

Machines.
To practice all areas of DC Machines for Freshers, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.
6 of 6 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
Electromagnetic Power & Circuit Models Quest... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
Electromagnetic Power & Circuit

Models Questions and Answers
by Manish
6-7 minutes
This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Electromagnetic Power and
Circuit Models”.
1. Product of torque and mechanical angular velocity ω

is_____
a) Ea/ω
b) Ea*Ia
c) ω/Ea
d) Can’t tell
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: According to statement of energy conversion,
electrical and mechanical power of the machine must
balance in a machine. Ea*Ia is referred to as
electromagnetic power. Thus, torque = (Electromagnetic
power)/ ω.
2. Condition for linear magnetization is______

a) φ α If
1 of 7 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
b) φ α Ia
c) φ α 1/If
d) φ α 1/Ia
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For a linear magnestization to take place, flux
produced by the current flowing through particaluar flux
producing coil must vay in direct proportion. Here, φ is
produced due to field winding which carried current If.

being 30 cm. Here, motor is drawing 25 A current at 1500
rpm.
What is the available torque (N-m) at shaft?
a) 29.9
b) 59.8
c) 14.95
d) 44.85
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gross mechanical power developed is equal to
Ea*Ia. Ea*Ia is referred to as electromagnetic power. Thus,
torque = (Electromagnetic power)/ ω. Substituting all the
values we get torque = 29.9 Nm.
4.When Ea>Vt machine is said to be operating in which of

the following mode?
a) Depends on the Shaft speed
2 of 7 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
b) Generating
c) Motoring
d) Inducing
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The machine operates in generating mode
(puts out electrical power) when Ia is in the direction of
induced emf Ea. For the given armature circuit Vt =
armature terminal voltage= Ea – Ia * Ra; which implies Vt <
Ea.
5. When Ea<Vt machine is said to be operating in which of

the following mode?
a) Depends on the Shaft speed
b) Generating
c) Motoring
d) Inducing
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The machine operates in motoring mode (puts
in electrical power) when Ia is in the direction opposite of
induced emf Ea. For the given armature circuit Vt =
armature terminal voltage= Ea + Ia * Ra; which implies Vt>
Ea.
6. Simple equation of DC machine operating in generating

mode, with non-zero Ra value is________
a) Vt = Ea – Ia/Ra
b) Vt = Ea + Ia*Ra
c) Vt = – Ea + Ia*Ra
3 of 7 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
d) Vt = Ea – Ia*Ra
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The machine operates in generating mode
(puts out electrical power) when Ia is in the direction of
induced emf Ea, also Ea>Vt. For the given armature circuit,
with non-zero value of Ra, Vt= armature terminal voltage=
Ea- Ia*Ra.
7. Simple equation of DC machine operating in motoring

mode, with non-zero Ra value is________
a) Vt = Ea – Ia/Ra
b) Vt = Ea + Ia*Ra
c) Vt = – Ea + Ia*Ra
d) Vt = Ea – Ia*Ra
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The machine operates in motoring mode (puts
in electrical power) when Ia is in the direction opposite of
induced emf Ea, also Ea<Vt. For the given armature circuit,
with non-zero value of Ra, Vt= armature terminal voltage=
Ea+ Ia*Ra.
8. When torque of the electromagnetic origin is in the

opposite direction of rotation of armature, machine is said to
be operating in which of the following mode?
a) Depends on other parameters
b) Generating
c) Motoring
d) Inducing
4 of 7 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a generating mode, torque of the
electromagnetic origin is in the opposite direction of rotation
of armature, implying mechanical power is absorbed and a
prime mover is needed to run the machine. Ea and Ia are in
the same directions.
9. When torque of the electromagnetic origin is in the

direction of rotation of armature, machine is said to be
operating in which of the following mode?
a) Depends on other parameters
b) Generating
c) Motoring
d) Inducing
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In a motoring mode, torque of the
electromagnetic origin is in the direction of rotation of
armature, implying electrical power is absorbed and a prime
mover is not needed to run the machine. Ea and Ia are in
the opposite directions.
10. What is the armature current for a DC motor if terminal

voltage is 255V and open circuit voltage is equal to 250V,
where armature resistance is 0.05Ω?
a) 10A
b) 100A
c) 1KA
d) 1A
5 of 7 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Open circuit voltage means the voltage at
armature current equal to 0, i.e. Vt=Ea= 250V. Actual Vt at
loaded condition is 255V. For motoring mode, Vt – Ea =
Ia*Ra. By substituting all the given values, we get Ia= 100A.
11. For a DC generator feeding 100kW power into 230V

mains, having armature resistance and field resistance
equal to 0.08Ω and 115Ω resp. The value of armature
current is_____
a) 436.8 A
b) 434.8 a
c) 432.8 A
d) Data insufficient
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Field current is equal to 230/115 = 2A, by
Ohm’s law. When running as a generator line current IL=
100k/230= 434.8A. Since power is supplied to 230V mains,
Ia=Il+If = 434.8+2 =436.8A.
For motoring mode Ia= IL- If.
12. What is the armature current for a DC generator if

terminal voltage is observed to be 245V and open circuit
voltage is equal to 250V, where armature resistance is
0.05Ω?
a) 10A
b) 100A
c) 1KA
6 of 7 3/19/18, 7:15 AM
d) 1A
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Open circuit voltage means the voltage at
armature current equal to 0, i.e. Vt=Ea= 250V. Actual Vt at
loaded condition is 245V. For motoring mode, Ea – Vt=
Ia*Ra. By substituting all the given values, we get Ia= 100A.
13. For a DC motor taking 10kW power from 230V mains,

having armature resistance and field resistance equal to
0.08Ω and 115Ω resp. The value of armature current
is_____
a) 45.68 A
b) 43.48 a
c) 41.48 A
d) Data insufficient
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Field current is equal to 230/115 = 2A, by
Ohm’s law. When running as a motor line current IL=
10k/230= 43.48A. Since power is taken from 230V mains,
Ia=IL- If = 43.48-2 =41.48A. For generating mode Ia= IL+ If.

Machines.
To practice all areas of DC Machines, here is complete set

of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
7 of 7 3/19/18, 7:15 AM

Questions & Answers On Circuit Model, Emf and Torque

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EMF & Torque Production - DC Machines Quest... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...

EMF & Torque Production - DC

This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions &

1. In which mode machine is operating, given that

2. Nature of the flux density wave in the air gap

3. In a DC machine, average energy stored in the magnetic

4. Emf produced by DC machine, for zero armature current

6. What is the average coil emf generated in a 4-pole DC

7. Emf and torque produced in a DC machine are

8. What is the value of Np in an average coil emf equation,

for 10 armature conductors with 2 parallel paths?

9.What is the torque equation in terms of B, Ic, l, Zr (r=

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – DC

To practice all areas of DC Machines, here is complete set

DC Machines Questions and

This set of DC Machines Questions and Answers for

1. A 4-pole Dc wound machine is lap wound with 400

2. A 4-pole Dc wound machine is lap wound with 400

conductors. The pole shore is 20 cm long and average flux

Answer: a Explanation: Induced emf in a DC machine is

3. Coil torque for 20 kA armature current (T1) and 40 mA

4. If the no load speed of DC motor is 1300 rpm and full

load speed is 1100 rpm, then its voltage regulation is

5. If the average coil emf of a DC motor is doubled and flux

Answer: c Explanation: Induced emf in a DC machine is

From the emf equation we get speed of the shaft

7. In a DC machine, what is the torque induced beyond the

8. For a constant emf, if field current is reduced then the

9. For an ideal DC machine, which phenomenon will reduce

resistance contribute to the losses in the terminal voltage.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – DC

To practice all areas of DC Machines for Freshers, here is

Electromagnetic Power & Circuit

This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions &

1. Product of torque and mechanical angular velocity ω

2. Condition for linear magnetization is______

3. A 4-pole Dc wound machine is lap wound with 400

4.When Ea>Vt machine is said to be operating in which of

5. When Ea<Vt machine is said to be operating in which of

6. Simple equation of DC machine operating in generating

7. Simple equation of DC machine operating in motoring

8. When torque of the electromagnetic origin is in the

9. When torque of the electromagnetic origin is in the

10. What is the armature current for a DC motor if terminal

11. For a DC generator feeding 100kW power into 230V

12. What is the armature current for a DC generator if

13. For a DC motor taking 10kW power from 230V mains,

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – DC

To practice all areas of DC Machines, here is complete set

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