Questions On Parallel Operation of Transformers

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Transformers Questions and

Answers for Experienced
by Manish
6-7 minutes
This set of Transformers Questions and Answers for

Experienced people focuses on “Additional Testing for
Important Transformers”.
1. Which of the following is not a routine test for

transformers?
a) Impedance test
b) Core insulation voltage test
c) Radio interference test
d) Polarity test
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Impedance test is done on a transformer in
order to check net impedance offered by a transformer
circuit at rated supply. Polarity test is also done before SC
and OC test on transformer. Core insulation is also checked
before installations in such tests.
2. Which of the following is not required for transformer

testing to get an accurate result?
1 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
a) Class 0.1 current transformer

b) Class 0.1 voltage transformer
c) High power factor wattmeter
d) Voltmeters
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To obtain accurate results it is essential that
low power factor wattmeter, precision grade ammeters,
voltmeters, and class 0.1 (see BS 3938 and 3941) current
and voltage transformers are used.
3. All the instruments needed for transformer testing should

be tested within span of ____________
a) a month
b) 3 months
c) 6 months
d) 12 months
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: These instruments should be checked at
intervals not exceeding 12 months to ensure that the
requisite accuracy is maintained. All these instruments are
highly sensitive in their operation, thus to maintain accuracy
testing is essential.
4. Epstein square method is used in power transformer

installations, to check ___________
a) Core frame insulation
b) Core-plate checks
c) Core-loss measurement
2 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
d) Winding copper checks

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Incoming core plate is checked for thickness
and quality of insulation coating. A sample of the material is
cut and built up into a small loop known as an Epstein
Square from which a measurement of specific loss is made.
Such a procedure is described in BS 6404.
5. Generally Core frame insulation test is done at

_________
a) 10 kV DC
b) 10 kV AC
c) 2KV RMS
d) 2KV DC
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: This is checked by Megger and by application
of a 2 kV RMS or 3 kV DC test voltage on completion of
erection of the core. These checks are repeated following
replacement of the top yoke after fitting the windings.
6. Why tanks are tested?

a) Stiffness
b) Vacuum withstand capacity
c) Stiffness and vacuum withstand capacity
d) Any other purpose
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The first tank of any new design should be
3 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
checked for stiffness and vacuum-withstand capability. For

275 and 400 kV transformers, a vacuum equivalent to 25
mbar absolute pressure should be applied. This need only
be held long enough to take the necessary readings and
verify that the vacuum is indeed being held, which might
take up to 2 hours for a large tank.
7. How much pressure is applied for transformers rated 132

kV and below ones?
a) 330 mbar
b) 300 mbar
c) 400 mbar
d) 500 mbar
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For transformers rated 132 kV and below a
more modest vacuum test equivalent to 330 mbar absolute
pressure should be applied. The permissible permanent
deflections following this test should be similar to those
allowed for 275 and 400 kV transformer tanks reduced pro-
rata for smaller tanks.
8. Which of the following parameters don’t define that

transformer is built correctly?
a) Losses
b) Polarity
c) Tap changing operation
d) Ratio
View Answer
Answer: a
4 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
Explanation: Tests to prove that the transformer has been

built correctly: include ratio, polarity, resistance, and tap
change operation. While losses prove the that transformer
is guaranteed in its operation.
9. Which of the following parameters don’t define that

transformer is built correctly?
a) Losses
b) Temperature rise
c) Noise level
d) Resistance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Tests to prove guarantees; these are losses,
impedance, temperature rise, noise level. While resistance,
tap changing, ratio, polarity are the parts of tests that prove
that transformer has been built correctly.
10. Which of the following tests don’t indicate that

transformer will work satisfactorily for at least 30 Years?
a) Temperature rise
b) Dielectric test
c) Overvoltage test
d) Load current runs
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Tests to prove that the transformer will be
satisfactory in service for at least 30 years. The tests in this
category are the most important and the most difficult to
frame: they include all the dielectric or overvoltage tests,
5 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
and load current runs.
11. Which of the following is not in the category of special

test for a transformer?
a) Short-circuit test
b) Harmonics on the no-load current
c) Power taken by fan and oil-pump motors
d) Open-circuit test
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Special tests are tests, other than routine or
type tests, agreed between manufacturer and purchaser,
for example: test with lightning impulse chopped on the tail,
zero-sequence impedance on three-phase transformers,
and other tests included in options.
12. How temperature rise of an oil-immersed transformer is

not found out?
a) Short circuit equivalent test
b) Delta/delta test
c) Back-to-back test
d) Normal SC test
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When a test for temperature rise is specified it
is necessary to measure the temperature rise of the oil and
the windings at continuous full load, and the various
methods of conducting this test are as follows: short-circuit
equivalent test, back-to-back test, delta/delta test, open-
circuit test.
6 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Transformers.
To practice all areas of Transformers for Experienced

people, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice
Questions and Answers.
7 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
Transformer Installations Questions and Answers about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
Transformer Installations
Questions and Answers
by Manish
5-7 minutes
This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Transformer Installations”.
1. Transformers are generally designed for ___________

a) on-site problem solving
b) one-time use
c) off-site problem solving
d) short-time use
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Every transformer is designed for use of it for
multiple years, thus transformers are designed to handle
the problems on site itself, because it not only saves time
but also makes repairing work easy.
2. When all additional clamping is removed from a

transformer?
a) When transformer is made start
b) After start of transformer function
c) Instant before start of transformer function
1 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
d) At the time of installations

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When the tank is correctly positioned on the
plinth it must then be carefully examined for any signs of
damage or any other indication that it might have been
mishandled during transport. Any special provisions by way
of protection applied during transport must be removed. If
additional clamping has been applied to the core and
windings for transport, this must be released or removed
according to the instruction manual.
3. While transformer is transported, its valves are

_______________
a) kept open
b) closed with blanking plates
c) can be kept open or can be closed according to type
d) valves are absent
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Removal of blanking plates giving access to
the tank. Such opening of the tank must be kept to a
minimum time, to reduce the possibility of moisture entering
the tank; to assist in this, manufacturers of large high-
voltage transformers provide equipment to blow dry air into
the tank and thus maintain a positive internal pressure.
4. If any transformer is not in operation for some months,

still it is advisable to keep it filled with _______________
a) nitrogen
2 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
b) oil
c) normal air
d) hydrogen helium mixture
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Even if the transformer is not required for
service for some months, it is desirable that it should be
filled with oil as soon as possible and certainly within three
months of the original date of draining the oil in the factory.
If it is being kept in storage for a period longer than three
months at some location other than its final position, it
should similarly be filled with oil.
5. When oil filling procedure has to be started?

a) After fitting of all bushings
b) After replacing access covers
c) After erection of conservator and Buchholz pipework
d) After fitting bushings, replacing covers, erecting pipework
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When all bushings have been fitted, access
covers replaced, and conservator and Buchholz pipework
erected, any cooler bank erected and associated pipework
installed or tank-mounted radiators fitted, preparations can
begin for filling with oil.
6. Materials used in construction of transformer are

stressed ______________
a) electrically
b) mechanically
3 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
c) both electrically and mechanically

d) magnetically
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The materials used in their construction are
highly stressed both electrically and mechanically, and to
achieve satisfactory operation extensive precautions are
taken in manufacture, particularly in respect of insulation
quality.
7. After site erection vacuum is made with pressure range

of ___________
a) 1 mbar
b) 3 mbar
c) 7 mbar
d) 15 mbar
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: After completion of site erection, a vacuum
pump is applied to the tank and the air exhausted until a
vacuum equivalent to between 5 and 10 mbar can be
maintained. If this work is carried out by the transformer
manufacturer, or his appointed subcontractor, there will be
no doubt as to the ability of the tank to withstand the
applied vacuum.
8. For 400 kV transformer, moisture content required is

_______________
a) below 0.1%
b) below 0.5%
4 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
c) above 0.5%
d) below 1%
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When a new 400 kV transformer is processed
in the factory, the aim is to obtain a moisture content in the
cellulose insulation of less than 0.5%. When an oiled
cellulose insulation is exposed to atmosphere, the rate of
absorption of moisture depends on the relative humidity of
the atmosphere.
9. Which readings should be taken while drying out process

of transformer?
a) Insulation reading between HV and LV
b) Temperature
c) Time
d) Insulation, temperature, time all readings
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: During the drying-out process the following
readings should be taken at frequent regular intervals:
Insulation resistance between high-voltage and low-voltage
windings and between each winding and earth, temperature
and time.
10. Short circuit method is used for _____________

a) drying out the transformer and oil simultaneously in the
transformer tank
b) drying the transformer only, out of its tank.
c) for any type of drying
5 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
d) never used
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Short-circuit method is also used for: Drying
out the transformer and oil simultaneously in the
transformer tank, drying the transformer only, out of its tank.
During the process, the low-voltage winding is short-
circuited, a low single-phase or three-phase voltage being
applied to the high-voltage windings.

Transformers.
To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
6 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
Transformers Parallel Operations Questions an... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Transformers Parallel Operations

Questions and Answers
by Manish
6-7 minutes
This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Parallel Operation of
Transformers”.
1. For two transformers connected in parallel, not having

unequal percentage impedances, which statement is
correct?
a) Short-circuiting of the secondaries
b) Power factor of one of the transformers is leading while
that of the other lagging
c) Transformers having higher copper losses will have
negligible core losses
d) Loading of the transformers not in proportion to their kVA
ratings
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In parallel operation of a transformer, loading
gets divided between the whole set in proportion of their
impedances. Thus, if impedances are not same then,
1 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
loading of transformers will not be in the ratio of their kVA

ratings.
2. For the parallel operation of two single phase

transformers it is necessary that they should have
________
a) same efficiency
b) same polarity
c) same kVA rating
d) same number of turns on the secondary side
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Polarity of the two transformers must be same
if the are supposed to be operated in parallel mode of
operation. It is okay if they have unequal efficiencies, or
unequal kVA ratings, as parallel connection is still possible.
3. Transformers operating in parallel mode of operation will

share the load depending upon their ___________
a) leakage reactance
b) per unit impedance
c) efficiencies
d) ratings
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In parallel operation of a transformer, loading
of the transformers gets divided between the whole set in
proportion of their per unit impedances. Thus, if per unit
impedances are not same then, loading will not be in the
ratio of their kVA ratings.
2 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
4. What will happen if the transformers working in parallel

are not connected with regard to polarity?
a) The power factor of the two trans-formers will be different
from the power factor of common load
b) Incorrect polarity will result in dead short circuit
c) The transformers will not share load in proportion to their
kVA ratings
d) Cannot be determined
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As far polarity is concerned, the transformers
are connected in the same sequence when they are
operated in parallel combination. An incorrect polarity
connection of these transformers will result in dead short
circuit.
5. If the percentage impedances of the two transformers

working in parallel are different, then
______________________
a) transformers will be overheated
b) power factors of both the transformers will be same
c) parallel operation will be not possible
d) parallel operation will still be possible, but the power
factors at which the two transformers operate will be
different from the power factor of the common load
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: If the percentage impedances of the two
transformers which are working in the parallel are different,
3 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
then parallel operation is still possible, but load sharing will

not be in the ratio of their kVA loads.
6. A delta/star transformer is connected in parallel to a

star/delta transformer. The turn ratio former is x times latter,
the x is _________
a) 3
b) 1/3
c) √3
d) 1/√3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Turn ratio of star1/ Turn ratio of delta 1=
Vph/Vph/√3= √3
Ture ratio of star 2 / Turn ratio of delta 2= Vph/√3/Vph= 1/√3
Thus, turn ratio of star1/delta1 = 3 * turn ratio of star 2/ delta
2.
7. While connecting two transformers in parallel voltage

around the local loop _________
a) positive
b) negative
c) equals zero
d) insufficient information
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The transformers must be connected properly
as far as their polarities are concerned so that the net
voltage around the local loop is zero. A wrong polarity
connection results in a dead short circuit.
4 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
8. For three phase power transformers relative phase

displacement should be ____________
a) 00
b) 300
c) 900
d) 1800
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Three-phase transformers must have zero
relative phase displacement on the secondary sides and
must be connected in a proper phase sequence. Only the
transformers of the same phase group can be paralleled.
9. Y/Y and Y/D transformers can be paralleled.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For example, Y/Y and Y/D transformers
cannot be paralleled as their secondary voltages will have a
phase difference of 30°. Transformers with +30° and –30°
phase shift can, however, be paralleled by reversing the
phase-sequence of one of them.
10. Why transformers connected in parallel should have

same voltage ratio?
a) To avoid full load circulating current
b) To avoid no-load circulating current
c) To avoid other losses
d) To avoid all type of currents
5 of 6 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The transformers must have the same voltage-
ratio to avoid no-load circulating current when transformers
are in parallel on both primary and secondary sides. Since
the leakage impedance is low, even a small voltage
difference can give rise to considerable no-load circulating
current and extra I2R loss.
11. Why transformers are paralleled?

a) Economical than replacing by one single large unit
b) Less maintaining cost
c) To handle more load
d) Economical factors, more load capacity, less
maintenance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When the load outgrows the capacity of an
existing transformer, it may be economical to install another
one in parallel with it rather than replacing it with a single
larger unit. Also, sometimes in a new installation, two units
in parallel, though more expensive, may be preferred over a
single unit for reasons of reliability—half the load can be
supplied with one unit out. Further, the cost of maintaining a
spare is less with two units in parallel.

Transformers.
To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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Transformers Interview Questions

and Answers for Experienced
by Manish
6-8 minutes
This set of Transformers Interview Questions and Answers

for Experienced people focuses on “Load Division Between
Transformers in Parallel”.
1. If the primary voltages at two transformers V1 and V2 are

not equal then on load, we’ll get ____________
a) V1-V2 at secondary
b) E1-E2 at secondary
c) V1+V2 at secondary
d) E1+E2 at secondary
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When two transformers paralleled on both
sides with proper polarities but on no-load. The primary
voltages V1 and V2 are obviously equal. If the voltage-ratio
of the two transformers are not identical, the secondary
induced emfs, E11and E2 though in phase will not be equal
in magnitude and the difference (E1-E2) will appear across
the switch S.
1 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
2. If two transformers’ secondaries are connected to each

other with unequal primary voltage ratio then, __________
a) no circulating current will flow
b) very high short circuit current will flow
c) small circulating current will flow
d) insufficient information
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When secondaries are paralleled by closing
the switch, a circulating current appears even though the
secondaries are not supplying any load, as a result of
difference in their voltage ratios.
3. The circulating current flowing through the circuit at no

load condition depends on ________________
a) total leakage impedance of the two transformers
b) difference in their voltage ratios
c) difference in voltage ratios, leakage impedance of 2
transformers
d) other parameters
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The circulating current flowing at no-load
condition depend upon the total leakage impedance of the
two transformers and the difference in their voltage ratios.
Only a small difference in the voltage-ratios can be
tolerated.
4. If the transformers have equal voltage ratio then,

____________
2 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
a) exciting current can be neglected

b) summation of two transformer currents is not equal to the
net load current
c) difference of two transformer currents is equal to the net
load current
d) current will not flow
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When the transformers have equal voltage
ratio, E1 = E2, the equivalent circuit of the two transformers
would then be simple because of the assumption that the
exciting current can be neglected in comparison to the load
current.
5. Which is the correct formula for current flowing through

the transformer 1, when they’re having equal voltage ratio?
a) I1= Z2/(Z1+Z2) *IL
b) I2= Z2/(Z1+Z2) *IL
c) I1= Z1/(Z1+Z2) *IL
d) I1= Z2/(Z1-Z2) *IL
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since both the transformers are having same
number of turns and thus equal voltage ratios, it is easier
for analysis of current as division in two branches will be
according to the Ohm’s law, which is the answer.
6. Individual currents are in two loaded transformers

______________
a) inversely proportional to the respective leakage
3 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
impedances
b) inversely proportional to the net leakage impedances
c) inversely proportional to another leakage impedance
d) directly proportional to the respective leakage
impedances
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: the individual currents are inversely
proportional to the respective leakage impedances. Thus, if
the transformers are to divide the total load in proportion to
their kVA ratings, it is necessary that the leakage
impedances be inversely proportional to the respective kVA
ratings.
7. Which of the following is the correct ratio, for

transformers having equal voltage ratios?
a) Z1/Z2= S2(rated)/ S1(rated)
b) Z1/Z2= S1(rated)/ S2(rated)
c) Z1/Z2= I1(rated)/ I2(rated)
d) Depends upon the type of connection
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If the transformers are to divide the total load
in proportion to their kVA ratings, it is necessary that the
leakage impedances be inversely proportional to the
respective kVA ratings. Thus, Z1/Z2= S2(rated)/ S1(rated) =
VLI2/ VLI1. Hence, Z1/Z2= I2/ I1.
8. Which of the following is the correct statement?

a) SL(max)= S2(rated) Z1+Z2/Z2
4 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
b) SL(max)= S1(rated) Z1+Z2/Z1

c) SL(max)= S2(rated) Z1+Z2/Z1
d) SL(max)= S1(rated)+S2(rated)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: We can define maximum load in kVA relating
with rated kVA of transformer 1 as, S2(rated)= (Z1/Z2+Z1)
*SL(max). Thus, by rearranging terms we get SL(max)=
S2(rated) Z1+Z2/Z1 and SL(max)= S1(rated) Z1+Z2/Z2.
9. Maximum load kVA is _____________________

a) greater than addition of individual rated kVAs
b) lesser than addition of individual rated kVAs
c) equal to addition of individual rated kVAs
d) depends on the loading condition
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As SL(max)= S2(rated) Z1+Z2/Z1 and
SL(max)= S1(rated) Z1+Z2/Z2, because of individual
leakage impedances are inversely proportional to the
respective kVA ratings. Important thing is in either of the
above cases maximum kVA loading is lesser than the
addition of both rated kVAs.
10. Which is the correct formula of current flowing through

one of the transformers having unequal ratios?
a) I2= E2Z1-(E1-E2) ZL / (Z1Z2 + ZL(Z1+Z2))
b) I1= E2Z1+(E1+E2) ZL / (Z1Z2 + ZL(Z1+Z2))
c) I1= E2Z1-(E1-E2) ZL / (Z1Z2 – ZL(Z1-Z2))
d) I2= E2Z1+(E1-E2) ZL / (Z1Z2 + ZL(Z1+Z2))
5 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that a small difference in voltage
ratios can be tolerated in the parallel operation of
transformers. Thus, in the unequal voltage ratio condition
current will flow from depending on both of the options
stated above.
11. A 600-kVA, single-phase transformer with 0.012 pu

resistance and 0.06 pu reactance is connected in parallel
with a 300-kVA transformer with 0.014 pu resistance and
0.045 pu reactance to share a load of 800 kVA at 0.8 pf
lagging. Find how they share the load (a) when both the
secondary voltages are 440 V.
a) S1= 377+j305.2
b) S2= 377-j305.2
c) S1= 264+ j171.6
d) S1= 377-j305.2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Z1= 0.012+j 0.06
Z2= 2(0.014+j0.045)
Z1+Z2= 0.04+ j0.15
The load is SL = 800(0.8-0.6j)
Thus, S1= Z2/Z1+Z2 SL, we get S1= 377- j305.2
S2 = Z1/Z1+Z2 SL, we get S2= 264-j171.6.

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6 of 7 3/19/18, 7:54 AM
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Transformers Questions and

This set of Transformers Questions and Answers for

1. Which of the following is not a routine test for

2. Which of the following is not required for transformer

a) Class 0.1 current transformer

3. All the instruments needed for transformer testing should

4. Epstein square method is used in power transformer

d) Winding copper checks

5. Generally Core frame insulation test is done at

6. Why tanks are tested?

checked for stiffness and vacuum-withstand capability. For

7. How much pressure is applied for transformers rated 132

8. Which of the following parameters don’t define that

Explanation: Tests to prove that the transformer has been

9. Which of the following parameters don’t define that

10. Which of the following tests don’t indicate that

and load current runs.

11. Which of the following is not in the category of special

12. How temperature rise of an oil-immersed transformer is

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Transformers for Experienced

This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

1. Transformers are generally designed for ___________

2. When all additional clamping is removed from a

d) At the time of installations

3. While transformer is transported, its valves are

4. If any transformer is not in operation for some months,

5. When oil filling procedure has to be started?

6. Materials used in construction of transformer are

c) both electrically and mechanically

7. After site erection vacuum is made with pressure range

8. For 400 kV transformer, moisture content required is

9. Which readings should be taken while drying out process

10. Short circuit method is used for _____________

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

Transformers Parallel Operations

This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

1. For two transformers connected in parallel, not having

loading of transformers will not be in the ratio of their kVA

2. For the parallel operation of two single phase

3. Transformers operating in parallel mode of operation will

4. What will happen if the transformers working in parallel

5. If the percentage impedances of the two transformers

then parallel operation is still possible, but load sharing will

6. A delta/star transformer is connected in parallel to a

7. While connecting two transformers in parallel voltage

8. For three phase power transformers relative phase

9. Y/Y and Y/D transformers can be paralleled.

10. Why transformers connected in parallel should have

11. Why transformers are paralleled?

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

Transformers Interview Questions

This set of Transformers Interview Questions and Answers

1. If the primary voltages at two transformers V1 and V2 are

2. If two transformers’ secondaries are connected to each

3. The circulating current flowing through the circuit at no

4. If the transformers have equal voltage ratio then,

a) exciting current can be neglected

5. Which is the correct formula for current flowing through

6. Individual currents are in two loaded transformers