Electric energy consumption is the actual energy demand made on existing electricity

supply. Electric and electronic devices consume electric energy to generate desired output.
During operation, some part of the energy depending on the electrical efficiency is consumed in
unintended output, such as waste heat. Demands for electricity in Malaysia are expected to rise
between five to six per cent for the next two to three years in line with increasing urbanization
and rapid industrialization in the country. Malaysia is currently enjoying a healthy generating
reserve capacity in the electricity sector, with an additional increase of 4,780 megawatt (MW)
new generating capacity. Based on actual ratio/percentage of power generated compare to power
consumed, it is found out that the percentage is not in line with demand and for some cases the
power generated is more than the demand that needed. Therefore there is a need to do a research
in order to tackle this problem. For the generation side based from the research there is always an
excessive power generated that has been use for power reserve. This reserve power should be use
wisely instead of being reserve only. In this study case a new idea will be proposed to make a
full use of this extra reserve and produce the best method of managing excessive power
generated without even affecting the capacity of power in reserve. Sample of power demand and
generation data were taken from Tenaga National Berhad (TNB) for the purpose of comparison
of data. Part of the studies include study on the model of load curve and comparison with the
previous 2 years of data. This research will also focuses on the effect of high peak load in total
power demand. The results were analyzed and will be discussed based on literature and previous
results obtained by other research. The significant of the project can be a modeling guide line to
the power generation design of other researcher to cater for the problem that occurs.

Next, shopping centres and malls house a variety of commercial activity types such as
medical clinics, retail stores, supermarkets, food services, hotels, swimming pools, hair salons,
offices, etc. In order to house a large set of tenants, these buildings have design characteristics
that are different from most other commercial buildings. These design characteristics, along with
tenancy characteristics, location, and the extent of energy conservation measures that have been
adopted, are expected to play an important role in the patterns of energy utilization of different
shopping centres and malls.

For this assignment, we decided to choose Aeon Wangsa Maju as our study shopping
complex to help in our assignment research. According to the assignment brief, we find out that
the main electricity consumption of this building involved lighting system, ventilation and air
conditioning system, and others electrical devices. After the research and calculation, the major
contributors of electricity consumption is the lighting system, it take about 39% of electricity
consumption of this building. Then, ventilation and air conditioning system and other electrical
contributors will be the second and third main electricity contributors of this building. By our
roughly calculation and estimation, we figured out that this building need to pay RMRM3157.39
for the bills of electricity consumption for the lighting system (without shop lot).

Average Electrical Consumption

Water Heating
Office Equipment

HVACR

Other

Lighting

HVACR Lighting Other Office Equipment Water Heating

Figure 1 Average Elctrical Consumption of Commercial Building

Many are working to protect the environment. However, electricity consumption

environmental issues are still creating problems. The use of electricity creates a need for fuel that
affects the environment in some devastating ways. Electricity itself is not necessarily harmful to
the environment. It gives light, powers appliances, and even heats homes. However, the fuel
necessary to produce electricity can be incredibly detrimental to the environment, creating a
range of effects that continue for years to come. The continued increase in electricity
consumption only feeds the problem.
 Generally, energy production in Malaysia has been based around oil and natural gas. The
Malaysian government is expanding into renewable energy sources because the demand of
energy are keeping increase gradually. For Malaysian electricity generation, just a few of them
are using hydroelectric, otherwise thermal energy occupied most of the electricity generation.
Refer to the chart, most of the electricity from Malaysia is from natural gas, it is about 50.1%,
37.8% comes from coal, 9.1% comes from hydroelectric power, 2.4% comes from oil, 0.5%
comes from biomass, and 0.2% comes from solar energy.

Electricity Sources

Solar Enegry 0.2%

Biomass 0.5%

Oil 2.4%

Hydroelectric 9.1%

Coal 37.8%

Natural Gas 50.1%

0 20 40 60

Figure 2 Electricity Sources of Malaysia

Electric energy has been the integral part of industrialization and socioeconomic
development of a country. Electric power generation in Malaysia significantly depends on three
major fossil fuel sources, namely coal, natural gas and fuel-oil. These fossil fuel based power
generation causes negative environmental consequences and depletion of fuel reserves. Malaysia
has set to achieve the status of a developed country by2020 through achieving sustainable
development. To this end, Malaysia is on a need for sustainable energy, which is the main pillar
of sustainable development. The major tools to achieve sustainable energy are renewable energy
and energy efficiency. Fortunately, Malaysia is endowed with huge renewable energy resources,
particularly biomass, solar, small hydro and ocean. This country has also initiated several energy
policies for supporting renewable resources and energy efficiency. Nevertheless, studies show
that current patterns of power generation in Malaysia shall not be sustained in the future owing to
environmental impacts and depletion of fossil fuel reserves. In this work, we will review power
generation sources in Malaysia to foresee the anticipatable challenges and put forward the
enabling resources the country can utilize to counteract the challenges. This study provides
valuable insights to trace power generation challenges and employ appropriate measures towards
building a sustainable power generation in Malaysia.

For the shopping complex that selected for this assignment, the possible environment
issues that related to its electric energy consumption included effects of obtaining coal and
natural gas and uses of the sources. The burning of coal and natural gas creates an immense
amount of carbon dioxide that the environment cannot keep up with. Normally, trees work to
transform the carbon dioxide into oxygen, but there are simply not enough trees to do the work.
As a result, the carbon dioxide sits in the atmosphere and contributes to global warming. Coal
burning also contributes a variety of materials such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, arsenic,
cadmium, volatile organic compounds, and mercury that contribute to smog, acid rain, polluted
watersheds, and a variety of health problems in humans and animals. In a nutshell, that potential
environmental issues that related to this shopping complex is increased risk of climate change
and harm to humans and animals health.

Greenhouse effect also will be one of the environmental issues of electric energy
consumption. Greenhouse here refers to the effect of certain trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere
so that long-wave radiation such as heat from the earth's surface is trapped. A build-up of
greenhouse gases, notably CO2, appears to be causing a warming of the climate in many parts of
the world, which will cause changes in weather patterns. Much of the greenhouse effect is due to
carbon dioxide.

Next, during the natural gas production, possible environmental effects include blowouts,
leaks, hydrocarbon emissions, and trace metal emissions. The treatment of natural gas involves
air emissions and the disposal of liquid residuals, while transportation and storage effects include
spills and explosions.
 For the coal production, coal is almost exclusively produced for electrical generation.
Coal production is often viewed as only a local environmental problem. Coal mining,
particularly surface mining, has both long-term and short-term effects on land, including dust,
noise, and water drainage/runoff. Preparation of coal produces both solid and liquid waste of
which must be treated and disposed. Transportation of coal produces dust while coal storage
produces dust to control and also results in water runoff problems.

Fossil fuel power plants generally have the most widespread effect on the environment,
as the combustion process produces airborne pollutants that spread over a wide area. Nuclear
power plants have the most potentially dangerous effect. An operating accident at a nuclear
station could allow a large release of radioactive particles to occur. Solar, hydro, and wind power
plants generally have smaller effects on the environment. Next, fossil fuel power plants produce
environmental problems including land and water use, air emissions, thermal releases, climatic
and visual impacts from cooling towers, solid waste disposal, ash disposal (for coal), and noise.
Due to the need for large amounts of steam, plants can have a great effect on water use.

The consumption of electricity in Malaysia rises rapidly every year, with an average of
2,533 GWh per year. The electricity consumption, for instance, in 1971 was 3,464 GWh and
94,278 GWh in 2008. By 2020, Malaysia’s electricity consumption is expected to increase by
about 30% from its present value to 124,677 GWh.

Figure 3Malaysia’s electricity consumption (1971-2008)

 There are some suggestion that can improve and solve about the potential environmental
issues that related to the electric energy consumption of this building. Firstly, the Malaysia
government has started to introduce a “five-fuel mix” strategy with renewable energy as the fifth
source for electricity generation. The most promising potential for renewable energy in Malaysia
is the biomass and biogas from the oil palm industry. This is not surprising considering that 15%
of the total land area of Malaysia is covered by this single crop alone. There are 417 palm oil
mills in Malaysia, of which 246 are in Peninsular Malaysia and 117 in Sabah. These mills
discard about 30 million tonnes of biomass, including empty fruit bunches (EFB) and other
residues (shells and fibers), every year. Every tonne of EFB could potentially produce about
40W of electricity, whereas every tonne of biomass residues (shells and fibers) an average of 148
W. In addition to these oil palm biomass wastes, palm oil mills also produce about 43 million
tonnes of palm oil mill effluent (POME) per year. These effluents, due to anaerobic (oxygen
poor) conditions, emit greenhouse gases such as methane (65%) and carbon dioxide (35%).
These biogases could be captured for electrical generation, rather than polluting the air and
contributing to global warming. The biogases emitted from every tonne of POME could be
captured to potentially generate 8 W of electricity. It may get help and advantages that if this
system can be instead of the thermal system that using combustion of fuels and natural gas, it can
help to save the non-renewable sources and it will help to relieve the greenhouse effects problem.

Then, another system that need to be recommend is the solar power system. It is one of
the renewable source. Recently, the government being near the equator means Malaysia enjoys
12 hours of daylight per day all year round. Even though solar energy is a free and unlimited
resource, it is hardly utilised because of oil which is cheap and easy to produce. Solar energy is
currently most used for water heating. It can be directly converted to electricity through solar
cells. These non-polluting solar cells, known as photovoltaic cells use no fuel, mechanical
turbine or a generator. Solar energy has enormous potential as a resource of clean and unlimited
electricity around the world and with the increasing demand for energy coupled with increasing
environmental pollution from the burning of fossil fuel, its time to tap into this. In Malaysia,
installation of solar PV cells is done mainly in rural areas, where there is difficulty setting up
electricity cables or it is used by individuals.
 Next, during daytime, where possible, it is prudent to switch off lights and use the natural
light from the sun. This can be enforced through culture creation among the occupants. Curtains
should be pulled and let sunlight be used in the office during daytime. In case a building is using
double capped fluorescent tubes, they should be replaced with LED tubes that produce the same
light. An LED tube of 18 watts can produce light of lumens similar to that produced by a 36 watt
fluorescent tube. The price of LED has dropped significantly and the payback for this investment
can be around 13 months. Lastly, de-lamping can also be considered in cases where an area is
over-lit. In some cases, rooms are lit beyond the recommended luminance levels. In this situation,
it is better to get services of a professional to measure the luminance levels and compare with the
recommended levels. Removal of unnecessary lighting points will reduce the energy consumed
on lighting.

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