Ministry of Defence

Defence Standard

47–12/Issue 4 9 October 1987

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (PTFE)
HOSE ASSEMBLIES (WIRE REINFORCED)
FOR MEDIUM AND HIGH PRESSURE
FLUID SYSTEMS IN AIRCRAFT

This Defence Standard supersedes Def Stan 47-12,

Issue 3, dated 3 July 1978
DEF STAN 47-12/4

AMENDMENTS ISSUED SINCE PUBLICATION

AMD NO DATE OF TEXT AFFECTED SIGNATURE &

ISSUE DATE

Revision Note

Issue 4 of this Standard takes account of developments in hose technology,

both nationally and internationally, and introduces requirements for
lightweight hose assemblies for 21 000 kPa systems. “Wire reinforced” has
been added to the title and the applicability of the Standard clarified.
The Standard has also been rewritten in the latest format.

Historical Record

Issue 1 was published as an INTERIM Standard and replaced Def Stan 47-6,
Issue 1, dated 20 December 1968 for aircraft use, and superseded
DTD(RDI)3612, Issue 1, dated February 1962.

Issue 2 of the INTERIM Standard replaced Specification UK/AID/959 for

aircraft use, incorporated requirements for the basic PTFE hose and included
amendments to the test requirements. Hose assemblies for use in aircraft
oxygen systems were excluded from the applicability.

Issue 3 of the Standard removed the INTERIM status and superseded

SDM(A)247-4 dated 1 July 1960. In addition, the Standard was completely
metricated and included amendments and additions to bring it more into line
with related international requirements.
 DEF STAN 47-12/4

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (PTFE) HOSE ASSEMBLIES (WIRE REINFORCED) FOR

MEDIUM AND HIGH PRESSURE FLUID SYSTEMS IN AIRCRAFT

PREFACE

This Defence Standard supersedes Def Stan 47-12,

Issue 3, dated 3 July 1978

i This Defence Standard specifies, for Ministry of Defence use, the

requirements for smooth bore, wire reinforced, polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) hose assemblies for use in medium and high pressure fluid systems
(except oxygen) in aircraft. It does not apply to convoluted PTFE hose
assemblies.

ii This Standard has been revised to take account of developments,

particularly in the international field, that have taken place since the
previous issue. In this respect, it is technically equivalent to certain
draft ISO Standards which are being prepared in ISO Committee TC20/SC10 -
Aircraft Fluid Systems and Components.

iii This Standard has been agreed by authorities concerned. It is to

be implemented, whenever practicable, in all designs, contracts,
orders, etc, commencing after its date of publication. If any difficulty
arises which prevents application of the Defence Standard, the Directorate
of Standardization shall be informed so that a remedy may be sought.

iv Any enquiries regarding this Standard in relation to an invitation

to tender or a contract in which it is invoked are to be addressed to the
responsible technical or supervising authority named in the invitation to
tender or contract.

v This Standard has been devised for the use of the Crown and of its
contractors in the execution of contracts for the Crown and, subject to the
Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, the Crown will not be liable in any way
whatever (including but without limitation negligence on the part of the
Crown its servants or agents) where the Standard is used for other
purposes.

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POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (PTFE) HOSE ASSEMBLIES (WIRE REINFORCED) FOR MEDIUM

AND HIGH PRESSURE FLUID SYSTEMS IN AIRCRAFT

1 Scope

1.1 This Standard covers the basic requirements for the design,
construction, and testing of smooth bore, wire reinforced,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hose assemblies for use in medium and high
pressure fluid systems (except oxygen) in aircraft throughout a temperature
range of -55°C to 232°C for medium pressure (Type 1) hoses, and of -55°C to
204°C for high pressure (Types 2 and 3) hoses.

1.2 The hose assemblies are classified according to their pressure

range and/or weight characteristics as follows:

Type 1A - Medium pressure up to 8750 kPa (87.5 bar) depending on hose size
Type 1B - Medium pressure up to 10 500 kPa (105 bar)
Type 2A - High pressure up to 21 000 kPa (210 bar), standard weight
Type 2B - High pressure up to 21 000 kPa (210 bar), lightweight
Type 3 - High pressure up to 28 000 kPa (280 bar)

(NOTE: Types 2A and 2B hose assemblies are described for convenience in

terms of relative weight. However, it is possible to have hose assemblies
conforming to Type 2A dimensions yet as light as equivalent sizes conforming
to Type 2B dimensions.)

1.3 This Standard also includes the requirements for those hose
assemblies which are required to satisfy a specified minimum grade of
resistance to fire.

1.4 In addition, this Standard includes in annex C the basic

requirements for the design, construction, and testing of reinforced PTFE
hose (without end fittings) for use in the manufacture of PTFE hose
assemblies. Annex C may, therefore, be used as a separate specification to
facilitate the supply of hose (inner liner plus reinforcement) from a hose
manufacturer to a hose assembly manufacturer or other user.

2 Warning

This Standard calls for the use
injurious to health if adequate
to technical suitability and in
user from statutory obligations
of manufacture or use.
of substances and/or procedures that may be
precautions are not taken. It refers only
no way absolves either the supplier or the
relating to health and safety at any stage

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply:

3.1 Hose. That product comprising a length of PTFE inner liner (tube)
complete with reinforcement but without end fittings.

3.2 Hose assembly. An assembly comprising a length of hose equipped at

each end with a pipe fitting.

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3.3 Minimum bend radius. The minimum bend radius, measured to the
inside bend of the hose, at which the hose assembly can be used.

3.4 Batch. A batch of hose or hose assemblies shall consist of a

quantity to he declared by the manufacturer, and agreed by the Quality
Assurance Authority, as substantially uniform in quality. It is to be
identified by means of an agreed code or number on each length of hose and
on each hose assembly.

3.5 Nominal working pressure. The maximum steady pressure at which the
hose assembly is intended to operate. The hose assembly is liable to be
subjected to surge pressures up to 50% in excess of the nominal working
pressure.

3.6 Fire-resistant (FR). Hose assemblies which are capable of

withstanding for at least 5 minutes the application of heat by a standard
flame without malfunction such as to jeopardise the safety of the aircraft
or failure such as to aggravate an existing hazard. (Ref - BS G100:
Part 2: Section 3: Subsection 3.13: Clause 3.1.)

3.7 Fireproof (FP). Hose assemblies which are capable of withstanding

for at least 15 minutes the application of heat by a standard flame without
malfunction such as to jeopardise the safety of the aircraft or failure such
as to aggravate an existing hazard. (Ref - BS G100: Part 2: Section 3:
Subsection 3.13: Clause 3.2.)

3.8 The length. The appropriate dimension 'L' shown in fig 1.

3.9 Hose size (nominal diameter). A size designation (abbreviation DN)

applied to hose dimensioned in millimetres which corresponds to the nominal
outside diameter of an associated rigid tube such that the internal
diameters of the hose and the rigid tube are approximately equal. In
abbreviated form, it is expressed as a non-dimensional reference by using
the prefix DN followed by the nominal outside diameter of the associated
rigid tube but omitting the metric units, eg DN10 signifies a hose having an
internal diameter approximately equal to the internal diameter of a rigid
tube of 10 mm nominal outside diameter.

NOTE: For information, a conversion table for relating the previously used
inch “dash number” size to the metric “DN number” is given below:

DN number 06 08 10 12 16 20 25 32 40

Dash number -4 -5 -6 -8 -10 -12 -16 -20 -25

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DEF STAN 47-12/4

4 Related Documents

4.1 The following documents and publications are referred to in this

Standard:

BS 245 White Spirit

BS 410 Test Sieves
BS 1595 Isopropyl Alcohol
BS 1610 Methods for the Load Verification of Testing Machines
BS 6001 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by
Attributes
BS G100: Part 2: General Requirements for Equipment for use in Aircraft:
Section 3: Environmental Conditions:
Subsection 3.13 Resistance to Fire in Designated Fire Zones
BS M52 Impulse Testing of Hydraulic Hose, Tubing and Fitting
Assemblies for Aerospace Fluid Systems
BS M56 Determination of Density and Relative Density of PTFE
Tubing for Aerospace Applications
Def Stan 00-970 Design and Airworthiness Requirements for Service
Aircraft
Def Stan 47-22 End Fittings for Flexible Hose Assemblies for Aircraft-
Metric
Def Stan 91-48 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum
D Eng RD 2454 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Wide Cut Type +FSII,
AVTAG/FSII, NATO Code F-40
ASTM D1457 TFE-Fluorocarbon Resin Moulding and Extrusion Materials
TT-S-735 Standard Test Fluids: Hydrocarbon

4.2 Reference in this Standard to any related document means in any

invitation to tender or contract the edition and all amendments current at
the date of such tender or contract unless a specific edition is indicated.

4.3 Copies of the related documents referred to in this Standard are

obtainable from:

DOCUMENT SOURCE

British Standards (BS) The Sales Department

British Standards Institution
Linford Wood
MILTON KEYNES MK14 6LE

Defence Standards (Def Stan) Ministry of Defence

Directorate of Standardization
Kentigern House
65 Brown Street
GLASGOW G2 8EX

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4.3 (Contd)

DOCUMENT SOURCE

D Eng RD Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence

Eng D Admin
St Giles Court
1-13 St Giles High Street
LONDON WC2H 8LD

ASTM Ministry of Defence

TT Library
St Christopher House
Southwark Street
LONDON SE1 0TD

5 Design and Construction

5.1 Minimum operating requirements. All hose assemblies shall be

capable of operating satisfactorily in the appropriate temperature range
quoted in 1.1 and at the respective nominal working pressure, as
appropriate to type and hose size, specified in table A.

5.2 Dimensions. Unless otherwise specified, the hose assembly

dimensions, except for length, shall conform to the dimensions, as
appropriate to type and hose size, specified in table B.

5.3 Hose. All hose used in the manufacture of hose assemblies to this
Standard shall comply with the requirements of annex C.

5.4 End Fittings

5.4.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the end fittings

shall conform to the requirements of Def Stan 47-22.

5.4.2 The end fittings shall be so designed as to facilitate tightening

on installation without subjecting the hose assembly to any appreciable
twist. They shall, in addition, provide a positive lock on to the wire
reinforcement. The design of the end fittings shall be such as to obviate a
sudden change in the cross-section of the bore at the junction with the
hose.

5.5 Assembly

5.5.1 Hose clips or clamps shall not be used as a method of securing

the end fittings to the hose.

5.5.2 No adhesive shall be used when attaching the end fittings to the
hose.

5.5.3 An approved anti-corrosive compound may be applied to the end

fittings where any anti-corrosion treatment has been destroyed during
preparation for attachment of end fittings.

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DEF STAN 47-12/4

5.5.4 The assembly shall be of the lightest possible weight and shall
fall within the smallest possible envelope dimensions, consistent with
meeting the requirements of this Standard.

5.6 Electrical bonding. The electrical resistance between an end

fitting of a hose assembly and the pipe fitting to which it is connected in
the aircraft shall not exceed 0.05 ohm.

5.7 Fire protection. In the case of hose assemblies which are required
to withstand a specified minimum grade of resistance to fire, protection may
be provided by a sheath suitably treated to prevent wick action by the
sheath material and absorption of fluids through the ends and surface. The
protection provided shall not affect adversely the ease of installation of
the complete hose assembly.

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 DEF STAN 47-12/4

Table A

Physical Requirements of Hose Assemblies

(1) Nominal test temperature: 232°C for Type 1 (see clause B.19)
204°C for Types 2 and 3 (see clause B.7 )

(2) See B.11.8

(3) See clause B.13

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DEF STAN 47-12/4

Table B
Hose and Fitting Dimensions

Dimensions in mm

HOSE HOSE FITTING FITTING SOCKET HOSE l/D HOSE O/D INNER WALL
TYPE SIZE O/D I/D LENGTH D E THICKNESS
(DN) A B C T

Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max

Type 20 Optional 13.92 Optional 15.62 16.38 19.46 20.62 1.07 1.37
1A 25 19.76 21.62 23.01 27.38 28.96 1.07 1.37
32 25.4 27.96 29.36 33.73 35.3 1.14 1.45
40 31.75 34.14 35.71 41.58 43.36 1.65 1.96

Type 06 Optional 3.35 Optional 4.39 5.16 7.72 8.71 0.89 1.19
1B 08 4.9 5.97 6.73 9.32 10.31 0.89 1.19
10 6.5 7.57 8.33 10.92 11.91 0.89 1.19
12 8.64 9.93 10.69 13.87 14.86 0.96 1.27
16 10.92 12.32 13.08 16.28 17.45 1.07 1.37

Type 06 23 3.3 58 5.3 - 10.2 11.8 0.89 -

2A 10 26 6.1 64 7.5 - 13.6 15.1 0.89 -
12 31 8.6 70 9.9 - 17.1 18.6 1.14 -
16 36 10.4 76 12.3 - 22.2 23.7 1.14 -
20 43 12.9 83 15.2 - 26.1 27.7 1.14 -
25 51 19.3 96 21.6 - 34.2 35.8 1.27 -
32 54 23.5 99 27.9 - 39.6 41.9 1.27 -

Type 06 18 3.6 25.6 5.4 5.9 9.1 9.9 0.9 1.2

2B 10 20.3 6.4 28 7.6 8.1 11.6 12.5 0.9 1.2
12 25 9.1 34 9.9 10.4 14.9 15.6 1.0 1.3
16 28 11.6 35 12.3 12.8 17.5 18.5 1.1 1.4
20 35 14.4 36 15.3 16.0 24.1 25.2 1.1 1.4
25 42.2 19.3 41 21.6 22.4 31.2 32.3 1.1 1.4

Type 06 22.23 3.43 57.15 5.38 - 10.1 12.6 0.89 -

3 10 25.4 6.1 63.5 7.57 - 14.0 15.8 0.89 -
12 30.48 8.64 69.85 9.93 - 17.0 20.9 1.02 -
16 35.71 10.41 76.2 12.32 - 19.8 24.6 1.14 -
20 42.85 12.95 82.55 15.29 - 25.1 30.5 1.14 -
25 50.8 19.3 95.25 21.64 - 30.73 38.1 1.14 -

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 DEF STAN 47-12/4

5.8 Tolerances

5.8.1 Length. The tolerances permitted on the lengths of hose

assemblies are given in table C:

Table C

Tolerances on Lengths of Hose Assemblies

NOMINAL LENGTH OF TOLERANCE

HOSE ASSEMBLY

MINUS PLUS

460 mm or less 0 6.5 mm

461 mm to 1000 mm 0 13 mm
1001 mm to 1300 mm 0 25 mm
1301 mm or longer 0 2% of length

5.8.2 Angle fittings. The tolerance permitted on angle fittings is

±2°.

5.8.3 Angular relationship between end fittings. Where the two end
fittings have a specified angular relationship about the axis of the hose,
the tolerance permitted is ±3°.

5.9 Any additional material (eg sleeving) used in the hose assembly
shall be compatible with the operating fluid specified by the purchaser.

6 Markings

6.1 Hose markings. The following markings shall be applied clearly and
indelibly to an approved band* fixed around each length of hose:

(a) The number of this Standard, and hose type.

(b) A code or number indicating the manufacturer and batch number of the
hose.

6.2 Assembly markings

6.2.1 An approved band, or bands*, shall be secured around each hose

assembly and shall carry the following markings:

(a) A code number indicating the manufacturer of the hose and the batch
from which it was cut.

(b) Date of assembly.

(c) Assembly drawing and issue number.

*NOTE: (as note on page 10)

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DEF STAN 47-12/4

6.2.1 (Contd)

(d) The number of this Standard, and hose assembly type.

(e) NATO Stock Number (if required).

(f) Final inspection stamp.

6.2.2 Where assemblies are fire protected, the following letters, as

appropriate, shall be marked clearly and indelibly at intervals along the
hose outer cover or on an identity band* attached to the hose assembly:

(a) Fire-resistant assemblies - FR.

(b) Fireproof assemblies - FP.

6.2.3 In addition, when practicable, the hose assembly shall be

suitably marked to provide a means of indicating that twisting has not
occurred during installation.

6.3 Private marks. The manufacturer may impose any private marks
considered necessary to facilitate assembly; all such markings shall be
indicated on the drawing submitted to the purchaser (see A.2.l(b)).
Other markings shall only be applied when specified in the tender or
contract, or where permission has been obtained from the Qualifying
Activity.

7 Qualification Approval

7.1 Before any hose assembly is supplied against this Standard, the
manufacturer must, in the first instance, have obtained qualification
approval in respect of the appropriate type, hose size, and method of end
fitting attachment, under the conditions set out in annex A.

7.2 Tenders for the supply of hose assemblies to this Standard shall
quote the appropriate qualification approval details and shall be
accompanied by a statement that the articles offered conform in every detail
to the samples qualified and that the place of manufacture is the same.

7.3 Before accepting any hose assembly ordered to this Standard, the
purchaser (eg equipment manufacturer, user, etc) is responsible for
satisfying himself regarding Qualification Approval for the item concerned,
eg the purchaser may grant Qualification Approval under his own authority
or, at his own discretion, he may accept a Qualification Approval granted
previously by another purchaser.

8 Test Equipment

8.1 Before tests are commenced, the manufacturer shall satfisfy the
Quality Assurance Authority that all test equipment is accurate, reliable,
suitable for the purpose of the tests, and adapted to the particular
requirements of the unit to be tested.

* NOTE: See Def Stan 00-970, Chapter 404, paragraph 8.4.2 for requirements
relating to metal identification bands (labels).

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 DEF STAN 47-12/4

8.2 In addition, provision shall be made on the impulse test equipment

for oscillograph readings and/or recordings of the pressure-time curve to be
taken. The position of the tapping shall be as close as possible to the
outlet side of the last hose assembly on the rig.

9 Production Tests

9.1 Hose. Before assembly, each cut length of hose shall be examined
visually and shall be free from visible flaws or defects.

9.2 End fittings. Before assembly, all end fittings shall be examined
by an approved method to ensure freedom from cracks. After assembly, the
end fittings shall be examined visually to ensure that no cracks or other
damage have resulted from the assembling operations.

9.3 Hose assemblies. All hose assemblies shall be examined visually to

ensure conformance with the design drawings and shall be subjected to the
following tests in the sequence given:

TEST ANNEX B

CLAUSE

Bore check B.2

Production air pressure test B.1*
(except assemblies fitted
with fire- or abrasion-resistant
sleeves)
Proof pressure test B.3

* See NOTE to clause B.1 .

9.4 Cleaning. Unless special cleaning conditions are specified, hose

assemblies must, immediately following the production tests, be cleaned and
dried by a method acceptable to the Quality Assurance Authority and the
purchaser.

10 Production Quality Tests

10.1 In order to confirm that the standard of quality and reliability

of production hose assemblies is satisfactory and equal to that established
by the qualification tests, sample hose assemblies shall be selected in
accordance with BS 6001 and subjected to production quality tests (PQ tests)
as follows:

(a) Sampling tests (see 10.2).

(b) Periodic control tests (see 10.3).

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10.2 Sampling tests. The following inspections or tests shall be

performed in the order indicated on eight hose assemblies selected at random
from each batch. The batch shall consist of no more than 3000 hose
assemblies, all of one size, manufactured under essentially the same
conditions. One hose assembly tested from each batch of 375 hose assemblies
is also permitted:

(a) Internal cleanliness (see 9.4).

(b) Leakage test (see clause B.6).

(c) Room temperature burst test (see clause B.14).

(d) Density and relative density tests (see G.1.3 and G.1.4).

10.3 Periodic control tests. The following inspections and tests shall
be performed as indicated on 10 hose assemblies manufactured from bulk hose
lengths selected at random from each batch. The batch shall consist of not
more than 6000 m of hose, all of one size, manufactured under essentially
the same conditions. Two hose assemblies manufactured and tested from each
batch of 1200 m of hose is also permitted.

10.3.1 Six hose assemblies (or one hose assembly from a batch of
1200 m) shall be subjected to the following tests in the order indicated:

(a) Elongation and contraction test (see clause B.4).

(b) Impulse test (see clause B.8).

10.3.2 Four hose assemblies (or one hose assembly from a batch of
1200 m) shall be subjected to the following tests in the order indicated:

(a) Stress degradation test (see clause B.11).

(b) Electrical conductivity test (see clause B.15).

10.4 Rejection and retest. In the event of a failure of a hose

assembly during PQ tests, or any defects being revealed during subsequent
inspection, the representative of the Quality Assurance Authority may, at
his discretion, select a further sample representative of the same batch for
submission to the full test. Pending the results of this further test, no
deliveries of hose assemblies of the suspect type and size will be made and,
if tests result in another failure, the assemblies will continue to be
suspect until the cause of the failure has been determined and action taken
to the satisfaction of the Quality Assurance Authority.

10.5 Reports. Reports on the tests, detailing the results and any
remedial action taken and stating the period or quantity of production
represented, shall be made available to the Quality Assurance Authority
and/or purchaser.

10.6 Changing inspection procedures. Changing inspection severity

levels (eg from normal to tightened inspection) shall be in accordance with
BS 6001. All inspection plans shall be single sample plans with an AQL of
1.0% at special inspection level S-2.

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10.7 Destructive test samples. Prior to testing, a letter “D” shall be

impression-stamped on each end fitting of those assemblies used for
destructive tests (see 10.2 and 10.3).

11 Protection and Packaging

11.1 Immediately after cleaning (see 9.4), hose assemblies shall

have an approved blanking cap or plug fitted to each end fitting. The cap
or plug shall be so designed that no end float of the end fitting nut is
possible.

11.2 Hose assemblies which are packed by coiling shall be suitably

supported and shall not be bent to less than the minimum bend radius
specified in table A.

11.3 Packaging (preservation, identification, and packing) and the

level of protection shall be as required by the terms of the contract or
order.

12 Information to be Specified by the Purchaser

12.1 The following information shall be specified by the purchaser in

the procurement documents:

(a) Type, size and length of parts required.

(b) Details of end fittings if different from 5.4.1.

(c) Data requirements, if applicable (see A.2.1).

(d) If applicable, level of fire resistance and system fluid for fire
testing (see 3.6, 3.7 and B.20.1(c)).

(e) For Type 2 assemblies, any fuel resistance qualification/production

test requirements (see clause B.9 and clause G.2) .

(f) Any production air pressure test requirement (see 9.3 and
clause B.1).

(g) Packaging requirements (see 11.3).

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STRAIGHT END-FITTING

ANGLE AND RIGHT-ANGLE END FITTINGS

NOTE:THE DIMENSIONS H AND L ARE TO
BE QUOTED IN BOTH CASES

STRAIGHT END - FITTING WITH BANJO END - FITTINGS

MALE OR FEMALE THREAD

VIEW THE HOSE ASSEMBLY ANGULAR SETTING

END ON THEN IN AN ANTI- STD TOLERANCE
CLOCKWISE DIRECTION ±3°
MEASURE THE ANGULAR
RELATIONSHIP OF THE
FAR END TO THE NEAR
END AS SHOWN.

ANGLE OF OFFSET
INTERPRETATION.

Fig 1 Method of Dimensioning Flexible Hose Assemblies

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 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX A

Qualification Approval Conditions

A.1 Responsibility for Qualification Testing

Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the supplier

is responsible for carrying out all qualification testing specified herein.
Unless otherwise specified, the supplier may utilise his own facilities or
any commercial laboratory or test house acceptable to the purchaser. The
purchaser may reserve the right to carry out any of the tests specified
where such tests are deemed necessary to assure the supplies and services
conform to the prescribed requirements.

A.2 Test Reports, Samples, and Data for the Purchaser

A.2.1 When the qualification tests are conducted at a location other

than the laboratory of the purchaser, the following shall be made available
to the purchaser, if requested:

(a) Three copies of the test report which shall include a report of all
tests and an outline description of the tests and conditions.

(b) Three sets of engineering data in the form of assembly drawings. These
shall have a cut-away section showing all details in their normal assembly
position and shall carry the necessary design reference data, including
materials and weights, for the hose and end fittings.

(c) List of sources of hose or hose components, including source’s name and
product identification for inner liner, hose and assembly.

(d) When requested by the purchaser, a sample of the hose assembly which
was tested (see also A.3.2.2.1).

NOTE: Log sheets, containing required test data, shall remain on file at
the source test facility and should not be sent to the qualifying activity
unless specifically requested.

A.3 Qualification Approval Tests

A.3.1 Inner liner. Sufficient samples shall be selected and subjected

to all the inner liner tests listed in clause G.1. Each of the tests
shall be carried out on two separate samples.

NOTE: Production lot records may be used to verify conformance to these

tests when the inner liner being used is an established production item.

A-1
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX A (Continued)

A.3.2 Hose assemblies

A.3.2.1 Samples

A.3.2.1.1 The number of sample assemblies of any one type and hose size
shall be as follows:

(a) For all hose assemblies: 16 assemblies which shall be identified as

numbers 1 to 16 respectively.

(b) Additionally, for hose assemblies which are required to satisfy a

specified minimum level of resistance to fire, a further two assemblies
complete with protection sleeves, where required, which shall be identified
as numbers 17 and 18 respectively.

A.3.2.1.2 Sample assembly numbers 10 to 15 shall be fitted at one end

with a 90° elbow fitting , and at the other end with a straight type end
fitting. If approval is being sought for both the bent-tube and
forged-elbow configurations, then three samples shall be fitted with 90°
bent elbows and three samples fitted with 90° forged elbows.

All other sample assemblies shall be fitted with straight end fittings at
both ends (except sample number 16 which shall have a straight fitting at
one end only).

All end fittings shall be representative of the design used by the hose
assembly manufacturer.

A.3.2.l.3 The lengths of the sample hose assemblies, including end

fittings, shall be In accordance with table D.

Table D

Lengths of Sample Hose Assemblies

SAMPLE NO LENGTH (INCLUDING END FITTINGS)

1 300 mm minimum

2 and 3 Approximately 3.5 times the appropriate minimum bend radius

specified in table A plus 200 mm plus the length of the end
fittings, or 460 mm whichever is the greater.
4 to 9 460 mm minimum

10 to 1.5 As for samples 2 and 3

16 330 mm of hose plus one straight end fitting (see figure 5).

17 and 18 Sizes DN 06 to DN 25 - 600 mm minimum

Size DN 32 - 700 mm minimum
Size DN 40 - 760 mm minimun

A-2
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX A (Continued)

A.3.2.2 Test requirements

A.3.2.2.1 Sample assembly number 1 shall be subject to examination, in

the untested state, in respect of materials and construction. On
satisfactory completion of qualification testing, the sample shall be
permanently identified and retained by the manufacturer as a control
sample.

A.3.2.2.2 Sample assemblies numbers 2 to 16 (or 2 to 18) shall

respectively be subjected to the appropriate tests listed in annex B in
accordance with the schedule contained in table E and in the sequence given
therein.

A.3.2.3 Repeat qualification tests

A.3.2.3.1 Full details of any change contemplated in the design,

construction, manufacturing process, or materials used in the manufacture of
any hose assembly which has been qualified shall be brought to the notice of
the qualifying activity who may, at its discretion, call for samples
embodying the proposed changes for repeat qualification testing.

A.3.2.3.2 Change from prototype to production is regarded as a change

of method and may, at the discretion of the qualifying activity, require
partial or complete retesting.

A.3.2.3.3 Hose assemblies to a design already approved, but from a new

source of manufacture, shall be resubmitted for repeat qualification
testing.

A-3
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX A (Concluded)

Table E
Schedule of Qualification Tests

CLAUSE TEST SAMPLE ASSEMBLY NUMBERS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

- Examination and 0
control sample -
See A.3.2.2.1

B.3 Proof pressure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

B.4 Elongation and 0 0

contraction

B.5 Volumetric expansion 0 0

(1)

B.6 Leakage 0 0

B.7 Thermal shock and 0 0

high temp burst (2)

B.8 Impulse Unaged 0 0

(3) Air-aged 0 0
Oil-aged 0 0

B.9 Fuel resistance (4) 0 0

B.10 Assembly flexing (2) 0 0

B.11 Stress degradation 0 0
B.12 Pneumatic surge 0 0
B.13 Pneumatic effusion 0 0
B.14 Room temp burst 0 0

B.15 Electrical conduct- 0

ivity

B.16 Repeated installatlon 0 0

B.17 Low temp flexing (5) 0 0

B.18 Vacuum (5) 0 0
B.19 High temp burst (5) 0 0
B.20 Fire (when required) 0 0

(1) For Type 1 hose assemblies, applicable to sizes DN06 and DN08 only.

(2) Types 2 and 3 hose assemblies only.

(3) See A.3.2.1.2.

(4) Type 1 and, when specified by the purchaser, Type 2 hose assemblies
only.

(5) Type 1 hose assemblies only.

A-4
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B

Schedule of Hose Assembly Tests (including Acceptance Conditions)

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, the test fluid used in the following
tests shall be hydraulic oil conforming to Def Stan 91-48, Grade OM-18, or
water. When a high temperature test fluid is specified, the fluid shall be
suitable for use at temperatures up to 240°C without suffering any
degradation.

B.1 Production Air Pressure Test (Not Applicable to Assemblies Fitted

with Fire- or Abrasion- Resistant Sleeves)

NOTE: The following test is not mandatory and need only be carried out at
the specific request of the purchaser or when considered desirable by the
manufacturer.

B.1.1 One end of the hose assembly shall be suitably blanked and the
other end shall be connected to a source of dry compressed air or nitrogen.
The hose assembly shall then be immersed in a tank of water not less than
150 mm in depth.

B.1.2 With the hose assembly initially in the straight attitude, it

shall be subjected to two separate pressure applications of 1400 kPa
followed by two separate pressure applications each equal to two-thirds of
the appropriate nominal working pressure specified in table A. During these
pressure applications, each of which shall be for a period not less than
30 seconds, a flexing load shall be applied to the blanked end of the hose
assembly to such an amount as not to bend it to less than the appropriate
mininum bend radius as specified in table A, and at least five complete
flexings shall be applied during each period of pressure application. One
complete flexing cycle shall be considered as bending the hose assembly,
within the limits stated above, to its full extent in one direction followed
by bending it back to the full extent in the opposite direction.

B.1.3 Any indication during the test of rapid forming and breaking away
of bubbles from any point on the outer surface of the hose or any part of
the end fitting shall be cause for rejection. Bubbles due to air entrapped
in the outer cover or due to normal effusion shall not be considered as
leakage.

B.2 Bore Check

B.2.1 When bent to the appropriate minimum bend radius as specified in

table A, the hose assembly shall permit the free passage of a solid rigid
sphere throughout its length.

B.2.2 The diameter of the sphere shall be 90% of the appropriate

minimum bore of the end fittings as specified in table B.

B.3 Proof Pressure Test

Each hose assembly shall be subjected at room temperature to the appropriate

minimum proof pressure specified in table A for not less than 30 seconds and
not more than 5 minutes. Any evidence of leakage from the hose or fittings
or any other evidence of malfunction shall constitute failure.

B-1
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

B.4 Elongation and Contraction Test

B.4.1 The hose shall not change in length by more than +5 or -7.60 mm
in 250 mm of length when subjected to the appropriate nominal working
pressure specified in table A for not less than 5 minutes.

B.4.2 With the hose assembly held in a straight, unpressurized

condition, a 250 mm gauge length shall be marked off on the hose and the
hose assembly then pressurized. After 5 minutes, while still pressurized,
the gauge length shall be measured and the change in length calculated.

B.5 Volumetric Expansion Test (For Type 1 Hose Assemblies, Applicable

to Sizes DN06 and 08 Only)

The hose assembly shall be tested in accordance with annex D. The

volumetric expansion of the sample assembly shall not exceed the appropriate
value specified in table A.

B.6 Leakage Test

The hose assembly shall be pressurized to 70% of the appropriate minimum

room temperature burst pressure specified in table A and held at this
pressure for 5 minutes minimum. The pressure shall then be reduced to zero,
after which it shall again be raised to 70% of the appropriate minimum room
temperature burst pressure for a final 5 minute check. Any evidence of
leakage from hose or fittings, hose burst, fitting blow-off, or any other
evidence of malfunction shall constitute failure.

B.7 Thermal Shock and High Temperature Burst Test (Types 2 and 3 Hose
Assemblies Only)

B.7.1 Two hose assemblies of the same type and size shall be subjected
to this test. One assembly shall be air-aged at 204 ±5°C for 7 days and one
assembly shall be unaged. The assemblies shall then be subjected to the
appropriate proof pressure specified in table A for a minimum of 5 minutes.

B.7.2 The test assemblies shall then be mounted, empty, in a high

temperature test set-up and the ambient temperature reduced to -55 ±2°C for
a minimum of 2 hours. At the end of this period, while still at this
temperature, high temperature test fluid at a temperature of 204°C ±5°C
shall be introduced suddenly at a minimum pressure of 350 kPa. Immediately
after the hot oil has filled the assembly, the pressure shall be raised to
the appropriate proof pressure specified in table A for a minimum of
5 minutes. Not more than 15 seconds shall elapse between the introduction
of the hot oil at 350 kPa and the raising of the pressure to proof
pressure.

B-2
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

B.7.3 The test assemblies shall then be filled with a suitable high
temperature test fluid at a pressure of 520 ±170 kPa and soaked, with fluid
and ambient temperature maintained at 204 ±5°C, for one hour. At the end of
this period, the assemblies shall be pressurized to the appropriate proof
pressure specified in table A for a minimum of 5 minutes. The pressure
shall then be released and, while still maintaining 204 ±5°C, the pressure
shall be increased at a rate of pressure rise equal to 138 000 ± 34 500 kPa
per minute until failure is obtained. The hose assemblies shall be under
continuous observation during the preceding test and the pressures at which
the failures occurred and the types of failure shall be recorded.

B.7.4 During the testing specified in B.7.2 and the proof portion
of B.7.3, any evidence of leakage from the hose or fittings, hose burst,
fitting blow-off, or any other evidence of malfunction shall constitute
failure. During the burst portion of the test specified in B.7.3, any
of the above occurring below the appropriate minimum high temperature burst
pressure specified in table A shall constitute failure.

B.8 Impulse Test

B.8.1 Preparation of sample assemblies (see also A.3.2.1.2)

B.8.1.1 Oil-ageing. Two samples shall be oil-aged by filling them with

a high temperature test fluid and soaking them in an air oven at a
temperature of 204 ±5°C for 7 days. All air shall be excluded from the
bores of the assemblies and no pressure shall be applied to the assemblies
during the ageing period.

B.8.1.2 Air-ageing. Two sample assemblies shall be air-aged by soaking

them in air at a temperature of 204 ±5°C for 7 days.

B.8.1.3 Unaged assemblies. Two sample assemblies shall be unaged,

ie as produced by the hose assembly manufacturer.

B.8.1.4 The hose assemblies shall then be subjected at room temperature

to the appropriate minimum proof pressure specified in table A for a minimum
of 5 minutes.

B.8.1.5 The hose assemblies shall then be pressurized to the

appropriate nominal working pressure specified in table A. While
maintaining this pressure at room temperature, the hose assemblies shall be
immersed in a 3.5% ±1% NaCl solution for 8 to 10 minutes, then allowed to
air dry for the remainder of one hour. This immersion and air drying
procedure shall be repeated no less than fifty (50) times.

NOTE: The NaCl solution shall contain a dry basis of not more than 0.1%
sodium iodide and 0.5% total impurities.

B.8.2 Procedure

B.8.2.1 The hose assemblies shall be mounted in a test rig such that
they are connected to rigid supports and bent through 180° to the
appropriate minimum bend radius specified in table A.

B-3
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

B.8.2.2 Using a suitable high temperature test fluid, the hose

assemblies shall be subjected to impulse testing as follows:

(a) Type 1 hose assemblies - in accordance with BS M52 except that the
total number of impulse cycles shall be 100 000.

(b) Types 2 and 3 hose assemblies - in accordance with BS M52 except that
the peak pressure shall be 125% of the appropriate nominal working pressure
specified in table A and the total number of impulse cycles shall be
600 000.

B.8.2.3 During the test, the fluid and ambient temperatures shall vary
in accordance with BS M52, and the test shall be run in such a manner that
the hose assemblies shall be temperature-cycled a minimum of 2 times.

B.8.3 Acceptance conditions. Any evidence of leakage from the hose or

end fittings, hose burst, fitting blow-off, or any other evidence of
malfunctioning of any assembly prior to the completion of the appropriate
number of pressure impulse cycles specified for the respective hose assembly
type shall be considered cause for rejection.

B.9 Fuel Resistance Test (Applicable to Type 1 and, when Specified by

the Purchaser, to Type 2 Hose and Assemblies Only)

B.9.1 Two sample assemblies shall be filled with fluid complying with
D Eng RD 2454 and placed in an oven which shall be maintained at a
temperature of 125°C ±5°C, for a period of 48 hours. Precautions shall be
taken to ensure that the samples do not come into contact with parts of the
oven that are at a higher temperature. Oven temperatures high enough to
ignite the fuel shall be avoided. An internal pressure equal to the
appropriate hose nominal working pressure specified in table A shall be
applied to the samples throughout the 48 hour test period, and suitable
precautions shall be taken to ensure that there is no pressure build up in
the samples during this test.

B.9.2 At the end of the 48 hour test period, the test samples shall be
de-pressurized, drained, and allowed to cool for 20 minutes at room
temperature. The samples shall then be filled with fluid complying with the
requirements of annex E and an internal pressure equal to the appropriate
hose nominal working pressure specified in table A shall be applied and
maintained for a minimum of 2 hours at room temperature.

B.9.3 Any evidence of leakage during or at the completion of this test

shall be cause for rejection of the whole batch.

B-4
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

B.10 Assembly Flex Test (Types 2 and 3 Hose Assemblies Only)

B.10.1 The hose assemblies shall be mounted in an assembly flex

condition as illustrated in fig 2 such that the following sequence of
testing can be applied. The assemblies shall be filled with a fluid
suitable for use at temperatures from -55°C to 210°C. The temperatures
quoted in the following sequence apply to both the fluid and ambient
conditions. The flexing shall be at a frequency of 70 ±10 cycles per minute
during the conditions specified in B.10.1.3, B.10.1.4 and B.10.1.5
below.

B.10.1.1 The test assemblies shall be soaked with no pressure or

flexing at a temperature of -55 ±2°C for a minimum of one hour.

B.10.1.2 With no flexing, the test assemblies shall be pressurized to

the appropriate proof pressure as specified in table A with the temperature
still at -55 ±2°C for a minimum of 5 minutes (first cycle only).

B.10.1.3 Flexing shall begin while the test assemblies are pressurized
to the appropriate nominal working pressure as specified in table A, with
the temperature still at -55 ±2°C for a minimum of 4000 cycles.

B.10.1.4 With the pressure reduced to zero, flexing shall continue for
1000 cycles at -55 ±2°C.

B.10.1.5 Increase the temperature to 204 ±5°C and flex for 1000 cycles
with the pressure at zero. The pressure shall then be increased to the
appropriate nominal working pressure as specified in table A with the
temperature held at 204 ±5°C. Flexing shall continue at that pressure and
temperature for an additional 74 000 cycles until an accumulated total of
80 000 cycles is reached.

B.10.1.6 Steps B.10.1.1, B.10.1.3, B.10.1.4 and B.10.1.5 shall be

repeated for a total of 5 test sequences; ie 400 000 flexing cycles.

B.10.1.7 After completion of step B.10.1.6 and with no flexing, the

test assemblies shall be pressurized to the appropriate proof pressure
specified in table A with the temperature still at 204 ±5°C for a minimum of
5 minutes (last cycle only).

B.10.2 Any leakage from the hose or fittings, hose burst, fitting
blow-off, or any other evidence of malfunction during test shall constitute
failure.

B.11 Stress Degradation Test

B.11.l The hose assemblies shall be filled with a suitable high

temperature test fluid and placed in an oven which shall be maintained at a
temperature of 232 ±5°C for Type 1 hose assemblies and 204 ±5°C for Types 2
and 3 hose assemblies. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that the hose
assemblies do not come in contact with parts of the oven that are at a
higher temperature. A pressure equal to the appropriate nominal working
pressure specified in table A shall be applied to the hose assemblies.

B-5
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

B.11.2 After a minimum of 20 hours at 232 ±5°C or 204 ±5°C as

appropriate to hose type (see B.11.1), the pressure shall be gradually
released and the assemblies shall be removed from the oven, drained, and
cooled to room temperature.

B.11.3 The hose assemblies shall then be filled with fluid conforming
to Def Stan 91-48, Grade OM-18. A pressure equal to the appropriate nominal
working pressure specified in table A shall be applied and held for a
minimum of 2 hours at room temperature.

B.11.4 The procedure specified in B.11.1, B.11.2 and B.11.3 shall be

repeated for a total of 3 times.

B.11.5 After the final 2 hours pressurization period, the hose

assemblies shall be drained and flushed with trichloroethylene and then
placed in an oven for one hour. The temperature of the oven shall be
maintained at 72 ±5°C.

B.11.6 The hose assemblies shall be removed from the oven, cooled to
room temperature, and then subjected to an air-underwater test. To conduct
this test, the hose assemblies shall be installed in an apparatus similar to
that depicted in fig 3.

B.11.7 The apparatus, with the hose assembly installed, shall be

immersed in water containing no wetting agent. A pressure equivalent to the
appropriate nominal working pressure specified in table A shall be applied
for 15 minutes to allow any entrapped air in the hose to escape.

B.11.8 The pressure shall then be held for an additional 5 minute

period during which time the effused gas shall be collected from the test
sample including the junction of the hose to the fitting, but not including
the end fitting nuts. After the 5 minute period of pressurization, the
average rate of effusion through the hose and two fittings shall be computed
into mL/m per minute and shall not exceed the appropriate value specified in
table A.

B.12 Pneumatic Surge Test

The hose assemblies shall be installed in the test apparatus in accordance

with fig 4. Using air or nitrogen as the pressure medium, the assemblies
shall be subjected to the appropriate nominal working pressure as specified
in table A for 25 minutes at room temperature. After this period of
pressurization, the exhaust valve shall be opened within 50 milliseconds to
permit rapid discharge of the compressed gas. After 5 minutes, the valve
shall be closed and the pressure re-cycled. This sequence of 25 minutes at
nominal working pressure and 5 minutes at zero pressure shall be repeated
for a total of 16 times. At the end of this period, each hose shall be
sectioned and examined for evidence of inner liner collapse, sponging of the
inner liner etc, and the filter downstream of the hoses examined for
evidence of inner liner degradation. Any evidence of degradation shall
constitute failure.

B-6
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

B.13 Pneumatic Effusion Test

Using air or nitrogen as the pressure medium, the hose assemblies shall be
subjected to the appropriate nominal working pressure specified in table A
for one hour at room temperature. Any effusion shall be collected, using
the water displacement method and a collecting device similar to that
depicted in fig 3. The total amount of effusion through the hose and two
fittings shall be collected over the last half-hour of testing. Total
effusion, expressed in mL/m of hose assembly, shall not exceed the
appropriate value specified in table A.

B.14 Room Temperature Burst Pressure Test

The hose assembly shall be subjected to a fluid pressure sufficient to burst

the assembly with a rate of pressure rise equal to 138 000 ±34 500 kPa per
minute. The assembly shall be observed throughout the test and the type of
failure and the pressure at which failure occurred shall be recorded. The
assembly shall not leak, burst, or show any evidence of malfunction at any
pressure below the appropriate minimum room temperature burst pressure
specified in table A.

B.15 Electrical Conductivity Test

B.15.1 The test specimen shall be a length of hose (with reinforcement

and one end fitting) as shown in fig 5. The inner surface of the liner
shall be washed first with white spirit conforming to BS 245 and then with
isopropyl alcohol conforming to BS 1595 to remove surface contamination, and
dried thoroughly at room temperature. The reinforcement shall flare out, as
shown in fig 5, to prevent contact with the end of the PTFE liner. One
adaptor of appropriate size shall be assembled to the hose end fitting as
shown in fig 5.

B.15.2 The test specimen shall then be arranged vertically as shown in

fig 5. The relative humidity shall be kept below 70% and room temperature
between 15° and 32°C. A potential of 1000 volts dc shall be applied between
the upper electrode and the lower electrode (adaptor).

B.15.3 The current shall be measured with an instrument having a

sensitivity of at least 1 microampere (1 x 10-6 ampere). The current
flow shall be equal to or greater than 6 microampere for sizes DN06 to DN12
and equal to or greater than 12 microampere for sizes DN16 to DN40.

B.16 Repeated Installation Test

Using hydraulic fluid or an equivalent lubricant, the end fittings on the

hose assembly shall be screwed to appropriate union adaptors 8 times. Each
of the 8 cycles shall include the complete removal of the end fitting from
the adaptor. The fitting nuts shall be tightened to the appropriate torque;
one half shall be tested to the minimum, and one half to the maximum
tightening torque. Following the first, fourth and eighth installation, the
hose assembly shall be subjected to the proof pressure test in accordance
with clause B.3, and after the proof pressure test following the eighth
installation, the hose assembly shall be pressure tested with air or
nitrogen for 5 minutes at the appropriate nominal working pressure specified
in table A. Throughout the test, the hose assembly end fittings shall show
no evidence of leakage, galling, or other malfunction.

B-7
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

B.17 Low Temperature Flexing (Type 1 Hose Assemblies Only)

B.17.1 The hose assemblies shall be filled with hydraulic fluid

conforming to Def Stan 91-48, Grade OM-18, placed in a cold chamber, and
maintained at a temperature of -55 ±2°C for 24 hours. At the end of this
time and while still at this temperature, the samples shall be bent to the
extreme round a mandrel with a radius equal to the appropriate minimum bend
radius of the hose as specified in table A. The bend shall then be reversed
and returned to the straight position. This cycle shall be repeated for a
total of 5 times allowing 4 seconds per cycle.

B.17.2 Damage to the hose, as a result of this test, shall be cause for
rejection. Any such damage shall be determined by strip examination on
completion of the vacuum test (see clause B.18) for which the same
samples are used.

B.18 Vacuum Test (Type 1 Hose Assemblies Only)

The same samples used for the test detailed in clause B.17 shall be
emptied and placed in an oven, maintained at 232 ±5°C, with the assemblies
in the appropriate minimum bend radius condition as specified in table A. A
negative pressure, as specified in table F, shall then be applied to the
assemblies and maintained. At the end of 4 hours, the assemblies shall be
removed from the oven with the negative pressure maintained. When the
samples have cooled to room temperature the pressure shall be released and
the hose inspected for collapse or defects. One end of each sample shall
then be cut off within 25 mm of the fitting and a ball of the appropriate
diameter, as specified in table F, rolled the length of the hose. Reduction
of the inside diameter to a value less than that of the ball specified, or
damage to the hose as a result of bending or vacuum, shall be cause for
rejection.

NOTE: On completion of this test, hose assembles shall be subjected to the

strip examination specified in B.17.2 in order to determine whether any
damage has been sustained by the hose as a result of the low temperature
flexing test.

B-8
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

Table F

Vacuum Test Requirements

HOSE SIZE NOMINAL INSIDE BALL DIAMETER ABSOLUTE

(DN NO) DIAMETER OF HOSE PRESSURE
DIMENSION TOLERANCE

(TYPE 1 only) mm mm mm mbar

06 4.77 3.18 70

08 6.35 4.75 70
±0.014
10 7.95 6.35 70

12 10.31 7.95 70

16 12.70 10.31 70

20 15.88 13.5 ±0.075 337

25 22.23 19.5 548

32 28.58 24.5 675

±0.113
40 34.93 30.16 743

B.19 High Temperature Burst Pressure Test (Type 1 Hose Assemblies Only)

The hose assembly shall be filled with a suitable test fluid and soaked for
one hour with ambient and fluid temperatures at 232 ±5°C. After one hour,
the internal pressure shall be raised to the appropriate nominal working
pressure specified in table A for 5 minutes. The pressure shall then be
increased at the rate of 138 000 ±34 500 kPa per minute until bursting or
leakage occurs. The assembly shall not leak, burst, or show any evidence of
malfunction at any pressure below the appropriate minimum high temperature
burst pressure specified in table A.

B.20 Resistance to Fire Test

B.20.1 The hose assemblies shall be tested in accordance with BS G100,

Part 2, Section 3, Subsection 3.13 (hereinafter referred to as BS G100),
qualified, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, as follows:

(a) One or more Type A standard flame burners conforming to clause 4.1 of
BS G100 shall be used.

(b) The hose assemblies shall be mounted in a fire test rig such that each
hose assembly is bent through at least one angle of 90° to the appropriate
minimum bend radius specified in table A and such that one end of each
assembly is subjected to vibration along its axis.

B-9
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

B.20.1 (Contd)

(c) Using system fluid or equivalent, the hose assemblies shall be

subjected to the appropriate nominal working pressure specified in table A
for the full period of test.

(d) The flow rate for the full period of test shall be as follows:

(1) Fuel and oil systems: 0.03 x (internal diameter of hose in mm)2
L/min.

(2) Hydraulic systems: 0.006 x (internal diameter of hose in mm) 2

L/min.

(3) Pneumatic systems: Zero, unless otherwise specified.

(e) The temperature of the test fluid shall be at least 93 to 100°C.

(f) During the test, the vibrated end fitting and at least 120 mm of hose
shall be enveloped in the test flame.

B.20.2 Acceptance conditions. Should any sample fail to meet the

appropriate specified grade of resistance to fire, the time to failure shall
be recorded and the details shall be referred to the qualification agency or
purchaser, as appropriate, for acceptance or rejection.

B.20.3 Information to be specified by the purchaser. Information shall

be specified by the purchaser in accordance with clause 6 of BS G100.

B-10
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
R=SPECIFIED MINIMUM BEND RADIUS

Fig 2 Flexing Test

B-11
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Continued)

Fig 3 Apparatus for Pneumatic Effusion Test

Fig 4 Set-Up for Pneumatic Surge Test

B-12
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX B (Concluded)

NOTE: The salt water solution shall be 450 g of NaCl in 1 litre of

chemically pure water.

Fig 5 Conductivity Test Diagram

B-13
Blank Page
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX C

Hose, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Fluorocarbon Resin, Wire Reinforced

C.1 Scope

This annex covers the basic requirements for the design, construction, and
testing of wire reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hose for use in
the manufacture of PTFE hose assemblies conforming to this Standard.

C.2 Design and Construction

C.2.1 Minimum operating requirements. The hose shall be capable of

operating satisfactorily at the respective nominal working pressure, as
appropriate to type and hose size, specified in table A, and in temperature
ranges according to hose type as follows:

Type 1 hose: -55 to 232°C

Types 2 and 3 hose: -55 to 204°C

C.2.2 Dimensions. Unless otherwise specified, the hose dimensions

shall conform to the dimensions, as appropriate to type and hose size,
specified in table B.

C.2.3 Linear density. The linear density of the hose shall comply with
the requirements specified in table G as appropriate to type and size of
hose. A minimum length of 300 mm of hose shall be used for this check.

Table G

Linear Density of Hose

HOSE SIZE HOSE LINEAR DENSITY, MAXIMUM - kg/m

(DN)

TYPE 1 TYPE 2A TYPE 2B TYPE 3

06 0.13 0.22 0.16 0.4

08 0.15 - - -
10 0.18 0.5 0.27 0.66
12 0.24 0.72 0.36 0.8
16 0.31 1.11 0.48 1.25
20 0.49 1.54 0.82 1.7
25 0.86 2.51 1.52 2.86
32 1.11 3.22 - -
40 1.45 - - -

C-1
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX C (Continued)

C.2.4 Hose Construction. The hose shall consist of a PTFE inner liner
complying with the requirements of C.3.1, and reinforcement complying
with the requirements of C.3.2.

C.3 Material and Fabrication

C.3.1 PTFE inner liner. The inner liner shall be a seamless continuous
extrusion of PTFE resin. The base resin shall conform to the requirements
of annex F. As an aid to processing, additives may be included in the
compound from which the inner liner is extruded, provided that the amount
retained in the liner does not exceed 2%.

C.3.2 Reinforcement. The reinforcement shall consist of

corrosion-resistant steel wire, uniform in quality and size, and of
sufficient strength and so arranged over the inner liner as to ensure
conformance with the requirements of this Standard.

C.3.3 Interlayers. Interlayers, if used, shall be resistant to, or

suitably protected against, all fluids with which the hose may come into
contact. They shall also be capable of withstanding the appropriate
temperature and pressure requirements of this Standard. In addition, they
shall not protrude through the outer reinforcement.

C.4 Markings

C.4.1 Hose markings. The hose markings shall be in accordance with 6.1.

C.4.2 Private marks. The manufacturer may impose any private marks
considered necessary to facilitate identification; all such markings shall
be indicated on the relevant design documents. Other markings shall only be
applied when specified in the tender or contract, or where permission has
been obtained from the purchaser.

C.5 Quality Assurance

C.5.1 Examination of product. Each batch of hose shall be examined to

determine compliance with the requirements of this Standard with respect to
material, size, workmanship, dimensions, and linear density.

C.5.2 Production testing. Each batch of hose , unless otherwise agreed

by the Quality Assurance Authority, shall be subjected to the appropriate
production tests listed in annex G. Failure of the hose to meet any of the
test requirements may, at the discretion of the Quality Assurance Authority,
be cause for rejection of the whole batch.

C.5.3 Records. The manufacturer shall maintain a detailed record of

all tests carried out on each batch of hose. The record shall be made
available to the Quality Assurance Authority on request.

C-2
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX C (Concluded)

C.6 Protection and Packaging

C.6.1 Immediately after manufacture, all lengths of hose shall be

suitably blanked and protected at each end to prevent the ingress of foreign
matter and fraying of the wire reinforcement.

C.6.2 Hose which is packed by coiling shall be suitably supported and

shall not be bent to less than the minimum bend radius specified in
table A.

C.6.3 Packaging (preservation, identification, and packing) and the

standard of protection shall be as required by the terms of the contract or
order.

C-3
Blank Page
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX D

Volumetric Expansion Test Procedure

D.1 Apparatus

D.1.1 The test set-up shall be as illustrated in fig 6 and shall be

designed in such a way that air pockets cannot form. To this end, it shall
comprise only one low point, preferably between the distilled water tank and
the pump, and the internal passages shall not have any constrictions or
surface roughness. Valves C, E, and F shall be of a type which causes
minimum displacement of the fluid while moving from the “open” to the
"closed" position. The pump shall be capable of increasing the fluid
pressure at the rate of 2000 kPa/s to 3000 kPa/s.

D.1.2 The apparatus shall be sufficiently strong and rigid to allow

only negligible expansion under test pressure. Before any tests on hose
assemblies are carried out, this expansion shall be measured by replacing
the hose assembly (D in fig 6) by a rigid tube, and then subjecting the
system to the appropriate test pressure. The expansion shall be recorded
and will be subsequently deducted from that obtained during testing of the
hose assembly.

D.2 Test Procedure

D.2.1 Referring to fig 6, the test shall be conducted as follows:

(a) Fit the hose assembly to be tested at D.

(b) Set valve C in the position indicated in the figure.

(c) Open valve E.

(d) Close valve F.

(e) Operate the pump until water is visible in the tube G.

(f) Close valve E.

(g) Subject the hose assembly (D) to the appropriate proof pressure
specified in table A for 3 minutes and check that there is no leakage in the
system.

(h) Open valve E.

(j) Bring the water level in tube G to zero using the pump and valve F.

(k) Close valve E.

(l) Raise the pressure in the system to the appropriate nominal working
pressure specified in table A and maintain that pressure for 3 to 6
minutes.

(m) Close valve C.

D-1
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX D (Concluded)

D.2 (Contd)

(n) Open valve E.

(o) The increase in volume of the whole system is then indicated by the
increase in the level of water in the graduated tube G.

D.2.2 To obtain the increase in volume of the hose assembly itself

subtract the expansion of the rest of the system as measured under D.1.2
from the expansion of the whole system obtained under D.2.1(o).

A - Distilled Water Tank

B - Pressure Gauge
C - 3-Way Valve
D - Hose Assembly Under Test
E - Valve
F - Valve
G - Graduated Glass Tube
H - Graduated Glass Container
K - Counter-Weight for That Part
of the Installation Which is
Located Above the Hose Assembly
P - Pump

Fig 6 Volumetric Expansion Test Set-Up

D-2
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX E

Test Fluid for Testing Resistance to Fuel of PTFE Tubing

NOTE: The requirements of this annex are considered to be substantially

equivalent to the requirements of TT-S-735, Type III, which may be used as
an alternative to this annex.

E.1 Scope

This annex specifies the requirements for the standard test fluid for use in
testing the resistance to fuel of PTFE tubing.

E.2 Requirements

E.2.1 Materials. The fluid shall consist completely of hydrocarbon

compounds. The materials used and the composition of the fluid shall be as
specified herein.

E.2.2 Composition. The composition of the test fluid shall be 70%

iso-octane conforming to E.2.2.1 and 30% toluol conforming to E.2.2.2.

E.2.2.1 Iso-octane. The iso-octane shall conform to the following

physical constants:

Density at 20°C, g/mL: 0.6919 ±0.0002

Refractive index N 20°C/D: 1.3915 ±0.0002
Freezing point: - 1 0 7 . 5 ° C min
Distillation:

50% recovery: 104 ±0.5°C

increase from 20 to 80% recovery: 0.06°C max

E.2.2.2 Toluol. The toluol shall conform to the following physical

constants:

MIN MAX
Specific gravity at 15.56°/15.56°C 0.864 0.874
Distillation:
Initial boiling point at 1013 mbar pressure, °C 109 -
Dry point at 1013 mbar pressure, °C - 113
Total distillate, per cent by volume 97 -
Olefinic hydrocarbons, per cent by volume - 1.0
Aromatic hydrocarbons, per cent by volume 96 -

NOTE: This toluol would be an industrial grade toluol obtained from either
coal tar or petroleum.

E-1
Blank Page
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX F

PTFE - Fluorocarbon Resin Extrusion Powder

NOTE: The requirements of this annex are considered to be substantially

equivalent to the requirements of ASTM D1457, Type III, Class 3 (excluding
specific gravity and tensile testing requirements), which may be used as an
alternative to this annex.

F.1 Scope

This annex specifies the requirements relating to the composition,

inspection and testing of a PTFE - fluorocarbon resin in powder form (the
powder) produced from a coagulated dispersion for use in the extrusion of
PTFE tubing for reinforced hose, using a volatile extrusion aid.

F.2 General Requirements

F.2.1 The powder shall be of uniform composition and shall contain no

additives or foreign material.

F.2.2 The colour of the powder as supplied by the manufacturer shall be

white and it shall be opaque in appearance.

F.2.3 Any limits on contamination of the powder shall be agreed between

the purchaser and the manufacturer.

F.2.4 A batch of powder shall be considered as a unit of manufacture as

prepared for delivery and may consist of a blend of 2 or more "production
runs" of material.

F.3 Detail Requirements

F.3.1 The powder shall conform to the requirements of table H when

tested by the methods specified therein.

Table H

Requirements for PTFE Powder

TEST REQUIREMENT TEST METHOD - ANNEX F

Particle size, average diameter, µm 425 ±150 F.9.1

Water content, maximum, per cent 0.04 F.9.2

F.3.2 Tubing extruded from the powder shall conform to the requirements
of table J when tested by the methods specified therein.

F-1
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX F (Continued)

F.3.2 (Contd)

Table J

Requirements for Tubing Extruded from PTFE Powder

TEST REQUIREMENT TEST METHOD - ANNEX F

Melting point, °C 327 ±10 F.9.3

Thermal instability index, maximum 50 F.9.4

F.4 Samples

F.4.1 From each batch of powder, a sample shall be selected for testing
to prove its conformance with the requirements of F.3.1.

F.4.2 In addition, a sample of powder from each batch shall be extruded

into tubing for testing to prove its conformance with the requirements of
F.3.2. Test specimens shall be cut from the sample tubing which shall
be prepared for testing in accordance with clause F.5.

F.5 Preparation of Tubing Sample

The sample tubing shall he prepared for testing by sintering it in an air

oven at 380°C for 30 minutes. The temperature of the oven shall then be
reduced at the rate of 1.2 ±0.5°C per min to 300°C, when the tubing shall be
removed from the oven and allowed to cool in air to room temperature.

NOTE: CAUTION - Although PTFE-fluorocarbon resin can be used continuously

at temperatures of 260°C or intermittently up to 327°C, it does evolve small
quantities of gaseous products when heated above 204°C. Some of these gases
are harmful. Consequently, exhaust ventilation must be used whenever the
materials are heated above this temperature. Since a burning cigarette
would exceed 204°C, those working with this material should not smoke or
carry tobacco into the working area.

F.6 Testing

F.6.1 Test conditions. Tests shall be conducted at a temperature of

25° ±1°C unless otherwise specified in the relevant test method. Since this
powder does not absorb water, the maintenance of constant humidity during
testing is not important.

F.6.2 Test requirements. Samples selected in accordance with

clause F.4 shall be subjected to the tests listed in clause F.9 in
order to establish that the powder conforms to the requirements of this
annex. When the number of test specimens is not given in the test method,
duplicate determinations, using two separate portions of the same sample,
shall be made. The average results for the test specimens shall conform to
the relevant requirements prescribed in clause F.3.

F-2
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX F (Continued)

F.6.3 Retest and rejection. If the results of any test do not conform
to the requirements of this annex, the material may be retested to establish
conformity as agreed between the manufacturer and the Quality Assurance
Authority.

F.6.4 Records. The manufacturer shall maintain a record of all tests

carried out on each batch of material. The record shall be made available
to the Quality Assurance Authority on request.

F.7 Inspection by the Purchaser

Inspection of the material by the purchaser shall be as agreed between the

purchaser and manufacturer as part of the purchase contract.

F.8 Packaging and Marking

F.8.1 Packaging. The material shall be packaged in standard commercial

containers, so constructed as to ensure acceptance by common or other
carriers for safe transportation at the lowest rate to the point of
delivery, unless otherwise specified in the contract or order.

F.8.2 Marking. Containers shall be marked with the name of the

material, its designation (ie specification reference, type, etc),
manufacturer, batch number, date, test or acceptance details, and quantity
contained therein.

F.9 Methods of Test

F.9.1 Particle size

F.9.1.1 The fabrication of PTFE-fluorocarbon resin by extrusion is

affected significantly by the distribution of particle sizes in powders.
The particle size of powder covered in this annex shall be determined by the
wet-sieve method as described in the following clauses.

F.9.1.2 Applicability. This method is applicable to powders having an

average particle diameter between 0.150 and 1.00 mm (150 and 1000 µm).

F.9.1.3 Principle of method. The average particle size and particle

size distribution of PTFE-fluorocarbon resin powders are determined by
fractionation of the material with a series of sieves. Fractionation is
facilitated by spraying with perchloroethylene which breaks up aggregates
and prevents clogging of the sieve openings.

F.9.1.4 Apparatus

(a) Balance, capable of weighing to 0.1 g.

(b) Sieves, 200 mm diameter, conforming to BS 410 in the following aperture

sizes: 1000 µm (1.0 mm), 850 µm, 710 µm, 500 µm, 425 µm, 300 µm and 45 µm.

(c) Ventilated hood.

F-3
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX F (Continued)

F.9.1.4 (Contd)

(d) Beakers - six tared, 150-mL beakers.

(e) Recirculator - A suggested arrangement of an apparatus for

recirculating perchloroethylene is shown in fig 7.

F.9.l.5 Reagents - Perchloroethylene, 22 litres.

F.9.1.6 Procedure:

F.9.1.6.1 Weigh out 50 ±0.1 g of polymer. Assemble the sieves in the

trough as shown in fig 7(a). Adjust the flow rate of the perchloroethylene
to 6 ±0.5 litre/min.

F.9.1.6.2 Place the weighed powder on the top sieve and spray it with
perchloroethylene for 1 ±0.2 min. The shower-head shall be about level with
the top of the sieve and be moved in a circular fashion. Take care to break
up all of the aggregates and to wash the material from the sides of the
sieve.

F.9.1.6.3 Remove the top sieve and place it in the hood to dry.

F.9.1.6.4 Repeat the procedures in F.9.1.6.2 and F.9.1.6.3 until all

the sieves have been sprayed. It is not necessary to spray the 45 µm sieve
since this serves only to remove the polymer from the perchloroethylene.
The material retained by this sieve may be discarded. Air-dry the sieves in
the hood for 30 minutes or longer, or oven-dry at 90°C for 15 min and then
cool to room temperature. Remove the powder from each sieve by tapping on a
piece of paper as shown in fig 7(b). Pour each fraction into a tared beaker
and weigh to 0.1 g.

F.9.1.6.5 Record the mass of polymer on each sieve.

F.9.1.6.6 Clean each sieve by inverting it over the 45 µm sieve and

spraying with perchloroethylene. Take care to prevent the polymer from
getting into the perchloroethylene.

F.9.1.7 Calculations

F.9.1.7.1 Calculate the net percentage of polymer on each sieve as

follows:

Net per cent on sieve Y = 2 x mass of polymer in grams on sieve Y.

F.9.1.7.2 Calculate the cumulative percentage of polymer on each sieve

as follows:

Cumulative per cent on sieve Y = sum of net percentages on sieve Y and

sieves having meshes larger than sieve Y.

NOTE: Example - Cumulative per cent on the 710 µm mesh = net per cent on
1.00 mm mesh + net per cent on the 850 µm mesh + net per cent on the 710 µm
mesh.

F-4
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX F (Continued)

F.9.1.7.3 Plot the cumulative per cent versus the equivalent average
particle size corresponding to each sieve aperture size, as shown on the
left side of the sample plot, fig 8. The sieve aperture sizes and the
equivalent average particle sizes in micrometres are indicated below the
figure. Draw the best straight line through the points and read off the
particle sizes corresponding to cumulative percentages of 50 and 84
(designated d50% and d84% respectively).
_
F.9.1.7.4 Calculate the average particle diameter, d, and the particle
size distribution factor, DF, as follows:
_
d = d50%
DF = (d50%-d84%)
d50%

NOTE: It should be noted that DF is large for broad distributions and small
for narrow distributions, and always between zero and one.

F.9.1.8 Precision. Because the powder particles have complex shapes,

and because on each sieve there is a distribution of particle sizes, the
values for particle size and particle size distribution obtained will be
only relative numbers. The 95% confidence limits based on a limited series
of tests are ±2.8% for the average particle size and ±6% for the particle
size distribution function.

F.9.2 Water content

F.9.2.1 Principle of method. A sample of PTFE-fluorocarbon resin

powder of known mass is dried in a vacuum oven in a tared aluminium weighing
dish. When the powder is dry, it is removed from the oven, placed in a
desiccator, allowed to cool, and then reweighed. From the mass lost by the
powder during drying, the moisture content is determined and reported as
"per cent moisture".

F.9.2.2 Apparatus

(a) Vacuum oven.

(b) Weighing dishes, aluminium, with cover.

F.9.2.3 Procedure. Wash the aluminium weighing dish with water, rinse
with acetone, dry thoroughly in an oven at 50 to 80°C and store in a
desiccator until ready for use. Obtain the tare weight, B, of the aluminium
weighing dish, plus lid, to the nearest 0.0001 g. Place 35 to 40 g of
PTFE-fluorocarbon resin powder in the tared aluminium weighing dish and
record the mass, A, to the nearest 0.0001 g. Dry to constant mass in a
vacuum oven (875 mbar) at 150°C, with the dish lid removed. Remove the dish
from the oven, replace the lid on the weighing dish, and allow to cool in
the desiccator for at least 30 minutes. Reweigh the dish (plus the pan and
lid), C, and calculate the mass loss.

NOTE 1: From each group of samples, one sample is selected, and duplicate
moisture determinations are made on it. If the difference between the
duplicate results exceeds 0.01%, the entire group of samples must be
retested.
~
F-5
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX F (Continued)

NOTE 2: When a group of samples is tested at the same time, it is good

practice to place the lids from the weighing dishes directly under their
corresponding dishes while the samples are drying in the oven. This
eliminates the possibility of introducing errors in the tare weights. Also,
overnight drying in a circulating air oven may be used if the data can be
shown to be equivalent to those obtained with the above procedure.

F.9.2.4 Calculation. Calculate the percentage of moisture as follows:

Moisture, per cent = (A-C)/(A-B) x 100 where:

A = mass of powder, pan and lid, g

B = mass of pan and lid, g, and
C = mass of powder, pan and lid after drying, g

F.9.2.5 Precision. The precision of this test is ±0.0063%.

F.9.3 Melting point

F.9.3.1 Principle of method. The melting point of PTFE-fluorocarbon

resin characterizes a first order, thermodynamic, phase transition occurring
at 327°C. This serves as a unique criterion for rapidly identifying the
material.

F.9.3.2 Apparatus

(a) Melting point apparatus, with a 50 mm immersion thermometer calibrated

for this equipment and covering the range from 200 to 400°C.

NOTE: A Fisher-Jones melting point apparatus, available from the Fisher

Scientific Co, 717 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA, has been found
satisfactory for this purpose. Alternative apparatus providing equivalent
results may be used.

(b) Cover glasses, 19 mm and 25 mm in diameter.

(c) Aluminium shield, 5 mm thick with an outside diameter of 38 mm and

having a tapered centre hole with a top diameter of 8 mm and a bottom
diameter of 11 mm.

F.9.3.3 Procedure. Shave a piece 0.25 to 0.4 mm thick from the tubing
prepared in accordance with clause F.5. This shaving should he about
1.25 to 1.8 mm wide and 13 to 19 mm long. Place the shaving between two of
the 19 mm cover glasses. Put this assembly into the well of the melting
point apparatus, and cover the entire assembly with one of the cover glasses
25 mm in diameter. Add the aluminium shield, but make certain that the
large end of the centre hole is towards the bottom. Then insert the leads
from the transformer into the melting point apparatus, and set the
transformer to give the maximum voltage, 24 V, so that the temperature will
rise at the rate of 25°C/min. When the temperature reaches 310°C, decrease
the voltage so that the rate of temperature rise is 1°C/min. After the
temperature reaches 310°C, the specimen shall be observed at one minute
(1°C) intervals. The temperature at which the shaving changes from milky
white to grey translucent at the outer edges shall be taken as the melting
point and the temperature at this point shall be recorded. Make at least
two readings, with cooling between runs, and average the results.

F-6
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX F (Continued)

F.9.4 Thermal instability index

F.9.4.1 The thermal instability test measures the decrease in the

molecular weight of the polymer after it has been heated for a prolonged
period at 380°C. The thermal instability index shall be calculated from the
difference in relative density, determined in accordance with BS M56,
Method B, between:

(a) Tubing that is extruded, sintered, and cooled as specified in

clause F.5, and

(b) Tubing that is extruded, sintered at 380°C for 2 hours and cooled as
specified in clause F.5.

NOTE: The cooling rate is most important. Any rate in the range specified
may be used, but once selected, the rate must be maintained to ±0.1°C/min,
eg 0.8 ±0.1°C/min.

F.9.4.2 The thermal instability index is the difference in relative

density of the tubing baked for 30 minutes (Pa) subtracted from the relative
density of the tubing baked for 2 hours (Pb) multiplied by 1000 to convert
it to whole numbers, and shall be calculated as follows:

Thermal instability index = (Pb - Pa) x 1000.

F-7
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX F (Continued)

(a) TYPICAL SIEVE AND SPRAY ARRANGEMENT (b) REMOVING POWDER FROM SIEVE

Fig 7 Typical Apparatus for Particle Size Test

F-8
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX F (Concluded)

(PER CENT)
CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

SIEVE APERTURE
1 000 850 710 500 425 300
SIZE - µm

EQUIVALENT AVERAGE
1 000 925 780 605 460 3 6 0
PARTICLE SIZE - µm

Fig 8 Sample Plot of Cumulative Percentage Against Equivalent

Average Particle Size

F-9
Blank Page
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX G

Schedule of Hose Production Tests (including Acceptance Conditions)

G.1 Tests on Inner Liners

G.1.1 General requirements

G.1.1.1 The tests relating to inner liners shall be carried out on PTFE
liners which have not been reinforced or on liners of finished hose which
have had the reinforcement removed. Tensile test specimens cut from inner
liners from which the reinforcement has been removed shall be buffed to
remove any wire impressions. The tests shall be performed in accordance
with the methods specified as far as practicable.

G.1.1.2 Samples. From each batch of hose (or inner liner), a

sufficient number of random samples shall be selected for each test as
required thereby.

G.1.2 Tensile strength and elongation test

G.1.2.1 The tensile strength and elongation test shall be conducted at

25 ±1°C and the samples shall be tested in accordance with annex H. For
sizes DN12 and smaller, the transverse tensile strength and elongation need
not be tested.

G.1.2.2 The minimum acceptance requirements for tensile strength and

elongation are as follows:

TENSILE STRENGTH ELONGATION

MINIMUM MINIMUM

MPa %

Longitudinal 15.1 200

Transverse 12.4 200

G.1.3 Relative density. The relative density of the hose inner liner
shall be determined, on three samples, in accordance with BS M56, Method B,
and shall be from 2.125 to 2.155 at 25 ±1°C. Two drops of wetting agent
shall be added to the water.

G.1.4 Density. The density of the hose inner liner shall be determined
in accordance with BS M56, Method C, and shall not exceed a value of
2.204 g/cm3 for all sizes of inner liner.

G-1
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX G (Continued)

G.1.5 Roll and proof pressure tests

G.1.5.1 A roll test and a proof pressure test, as appropriate, shall be

carried out on a sample length of inner liner in accordance with G.1.5.2
and G.1.5.3. The same sample shall be used for both tests when
applicable. The tests shall he conducted at room temperature.

G.1.5.2 Hose inner liner which is pigmented throughout the wall, and
other types of inner liner when specified by the purchaser, shall be
subjected to a roll test in accordance with G.1.5.4. The roll test,
when applicable, shall be carried out prior to the proof pressure test.

G.1.5.3 Each length of inner liner shall be subjected to a proof

pressure test in accordance with G.1.5.5.

G.1.5.4 Roll test. The inner liner shall be passed in a single pass
through 6 pairs (phases) of metal rollers so that it is subjected to the
sequence of diametral flexings given in table K. The rollers shall be
arranged to prevent inadvertent rotation of the inner liner. The roller
angles, measured in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the liner, shall be
as specified in table K. The maximum roller gaps shall be as specified in
table L but at no time during the roll test shall the compression between
the rollers and the liner outside diameter be less than 0.13 mm. Assume
that the inner liner is in a horizontal position and that the pressure of
the first pair (phase) of rolls is exerted vertically. Angles given for the
final 3 pairs (phases) of rolls may be taken as either clockwise or
counter-clockwise from the vertical diameter of the inner liner.

Table K

Roll Test Phases

PHASE TYPE OF ACTION ROLLER ANGLE-

DEGREES

A Flattening 0

B Flattening 90

C Rounding 0

D Flattening 45

E Flattening 135
I
F Rounding 45

G-2
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX G (Continued)

Table L

Roller Gap Dimensions

HOSE SIZE FLATTENING GAP-MAX ROUNDING GAP-MAX

(DN NO)

TYPE 1 TYPES 2 & 3 TYPE 1 TYPES 2 & 3

mm mm mm mm

06 5.5 7.1 5.5 6.4

08 5.5 - 6.4 -
10 5.5 7.1 7.9 8.3
12 5.9 8.3 9.5 11.9
16 6.4 8.3 12.7 14.7
20 6.4 8.3 12.7 17.5
25 6.4 8.3 19.1 21.0
32 7.9 11.1* 22.2 25.4*
40 9.5 - 31.8 -

NOTE: * Type 2A only

G.1.5.5 Proof pressure test. Using air or water as the test medium,
the hose inner liner shall be subjected for 2 minutes to the minimnn proof
pressure, according to hose type and size, specified in table M. Any leak,
burst, or other malfunction may be cause for rejection of the whole batch.

Table M

Physical Requirements of Hose Inner Liners

HOSE SIZE PROOF PRESSURE - MINIMUM

(DN NO)

TYPE 1 TYPES 2 AND 3

kPa kPa

06 2500 2700
08 2000 -
10 1600 2000
12 1250 1520
16 1200 1200
20 1000 900
25 620 700
32 450 700*
40 310 -

* Type 2A only

G-3
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX G (Continued)

G.1.6 Electrical conductivity test

G.1.6.1 The test specimen shall be a 350 mm length of PTFE inner liner.
The inner surface of the liner shall be washed first with white spirit
conforming to BS 245 and then with isopropyl alcohol conforming to BS 1595
to remove surface contamination, and then thoroughly dried at room
temperature.

G.1.6.2 The test specimen shall then be arranged vertically as shown in

fig 9. The relative humidity shall be kept below 70% and room temperature
between 15° and 32°C. A potential of 1000 volts dc shall be applied between
the upper and lower electrodes.

G.1.6.3 The current shall be measured with an instrument having a

sensitivity of at least one microampere (1 x 10-6 ampere). The current
flow shall be equal to or greater than 10 microampere for sizes DN06 to
DN12, and equal to or greater than 20 microampere for sizes DN16 and
larger.

G.2 Tests on Hose Complete with Reinforcement

G.2.1 Samples. From each batch of hose, random sample lengths shall be
selected as required and made up into hose assemblies not less than 230 mm
in length including end fittings. One sample assembly is required for the
proof pressure test in accordance with G.2.2, and two sample assemblies
are required for the fuel resistance test, when applicable, in accordance
with G.2.3.

G.2.2 Proof pressure test

G.2.2.1 Using water or hydraulic fluid conforming to Def Stan 91-48,

Grade OM-18, as the pressure medium, a sample hose assembly shall be
subjected to the appropriate minimum hose proof pressure, -0, +700 kPa,
specified in table A for a period not less than 30 seconds and not more than
5 minutes. Any leak, burst, or other evidence of malfunction shall be cause
for rejection of the whole batch.

G.2.2.2 On satisfactory completion of the test specified in G.2.2.1,

the sample shall be completely immersed in water to which may be added a
wetting agent or a corrosion inhibitor or both. Using air or nitrogen as
the pressure medium, an internal pressure not less than the appropriate hose
nominal working pressure and not more than the appropriate hose proof
pressure specified in table A shall then be applied to the sample for a
period not less than 30 seconds after first allowing the pressure to
stabilize. Any leak from the hose or other evidence of malfunction shall be
cause for rejection of the whole batch.

G.2.3 Fuel resistance test (Type 1 and, when specified by the purchaser,
Type 2 hose only). Two sample assemblies shall be subjected to the fuel
resistance test in accordance with clause B.9.

G-4
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX G (Concluded)

NOTE: The salt water solution shall be 450 g of NaCl in one litre of
chemically pure water.

Fig 9 Diagram for Electrical Conductivity Test of Inner Liner

G-5
Blank Page
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX H

Method for the Tensile Testing of PTFE Tubing

NOTE: The requirements of this annex are considered to be substantially

equivalent to the requirements of ASTM D1457 relating to tensile properties
and which may be used as an alternative to this annex.

H.1 Scope

This annex specifies the procedure to be used for the determination of the
comparative tensile strength and elongation properties of PTFE in the form
of standard microtensile test specimen when tested under defined conditions
of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.

H.2 Definitions

H.2.1 Tensile stress. The tensile load per unit area of minimum
original cross-section, within the gauge boundaries, carried by the test
specimen at any given moment. It is expressed in force per unit area,
eg MPa.

H.2.2 Tensile strength. The maximum tensile stress sustained by the

specimen during a tension test.

H.2.3 Gauge length. The original length of that portion of the

specimen over which strain or change in length is determined.

H.2.4 Elongation. The increase in length produced in the gauge length

of the test specimen by a tensile load. It is expressed in units of length,
eg mm, (also known as 'Extension').

H.2.5 Percentage elongation. The elongation of a test specimen

expressed as a percentage of the gauge length.

H.3 Apparatus

H.3.1 Testing machine

H.3.1.1 A testing machine of the constant-rate-of-cross-head movement

type and comprising, essentially, the following:

(a) Fixed member. A fixed or essentially stationary member carrying one

grip.

(b) Movable member. A movable member carrying a second grip.

(c) Grips. Serrated grips should be used with care, since yielding or
tearing at the grips may interfere with measurement of elongation even when
the specimen breaks In the reduced section. Rubber-faced grips of the ‘V’ -
design type are not satisfactory for this test because of the change in grip
separation that occurs as they bite on the specimen. If the specimen tab is
not long enough to prevent the grip faces from cocking, shims should be
inserted to provide more uniform clamping.

H-1
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX H (Continued)

H.3.1.1 (Contd)

(d) Drive mechanism. A drive mechanism for imparting to the movable member
a uniform, controlled velocity with respect to the fixed member. The
velocity of the drive mechanism shall be regulated as specified in H.5.2.

(e) Load indicator. A suitable load-indicating mechanism capable of

showing the total tensile load carried by the test specimen when held by the
grips. This mechanism shall be essentially free from inertia-lag at the
specified rate of testing and shall conform for accuracy to Grade A of
BS 1610.

H.3.1.2 The fixed and movable members, drive mechanism, and grips
should be constructed of such materials and in such proportions that, after
grip slack is taken up, the total elastic longitudinal deformation of the
system constituted by these parts does not exceed 1% of the total
longitudinal deformation between the grips at any time during the test. If
this is not possible, appropriate corrections shall be made in the
calculation of strain values.

H.3.2 Extension indicator. The extension indicator shall be capable of

determining the distance between grips at any time during the test. The
instrument shall be essentially free of inertia-lag at the specified speed
of testing, and shall be accurate to ±1% of extension or better.

H.3.3 Micrometers. Micrometers shall be accurate to within 0.0025 mm

or less.

H.4 Test Specimens

H.4.1 Preparation

H.4.1.1 Microtensile test specimens shall conform to the dimensions

shown in fig 10. Specimens shall he prepared by die-cutting.

H.4.1.2 All surfaces of the specimens shall be free from visible flaws,
scratches, or imperfections. Marks left by coarse machining operations
shall be removed carefully with a fine file or abrasive, and the filed
surfaces shall then be smoothed with abrasive paper (No 00 or finer). The
finishing sanding strokes shall be made in the direction parallel to the
long axis of the test specimen.

NOTE: Tabs shown in fig 10 are minimum size for adequate gripping. Shims
may be required with thicker specimens to keep grips from cocking. Handling
is facilitated and gripping improved by the use of larger tabs wherever
possible.

H.4.2 Conditioning. The test specimens shall be conditioned at 25 ±1°C

and 50 ±5% relative humidity for not less than 40 hours prior to test.

H.4.3 Number of test specimens

H.4.3.1 Ten specimens, five longitudinal and five for transverse, shall
be tested for each sample.

H-2
 DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX H (Continued)

H.4.3.2 Results obtained on specimens that break at some obvious

fortuitous internal flaw or at the edge of the grips shall be discarded and
retests made, unless such flaws constitute a variable, the effect of which
it is desired to study.

H.5 Speed of Testing

H.5.1 Speed of testing is the velocity of separation of the two members

(or grips) of the testing machine when running idle (under no load).

H.5.2 The speed of testing shall be 50 mm per minute.

H.6 Procedure

H.6.1 Specimens shall be tested at 25 ±1°C and 50 ±5% relative

humidity.

H.6.2 Measure and record the minimum value of the cross-sectional area
of each specimen. Measure the width to the nearest 0.025 mm and the
thickness to the nearest 0.0025 mm for specimens less than 2.5 mm thick, or
to the nearest 0.025 mm for specimens 2.5 mm or greater in thickness.

H.6.3 On each specimen make two crayon or ink gauge marks 15.00 mm
apart and approximately equidistant from the mid-point.

H.6.4 Place the specimen in the grips of the testing machine with the
inside edge of each tab visible at the edge of the grip, taking care to
align the long axis at the specimen and the grip with an imaginary line
joining the points of attachment of the grips to the machine. Tighten the
grips evenly and firmly to the degree necessary to prevent slippage of the
specimen during the test, but not to the point where the specimen would be
crushed.

H.6.5 Set the speed control at the speed desired and start the machine.

H.6.6 Record the maximum load carried by the specimen during the test
and the elongation (extension between gauge marks) at the moment of
rupture.

H.7 Calculations

H.7.1 Tensile strength. Calculate the tensile strength by dividing the

maximum load by the original minimum cross-sectional area of the specimen.
Express the result in MPa and report it to 3 significant figures as “tensile
strength at break”.

H.7.2 Percentage elongation at break. Calculate the percentage

elongation at break by dividing the elongation (extension) at the moment of
rupture of the specimen by the original distance between the gauge marks,
and multiplying by one hundred. Report the percentage elongation to 2
significant figures.

H-3
DEF STAN 47-12/4
ANNEX H (Concluded)

H.7.3 For each series of tests, calculate the arithmetic mean of all
values obtained and report it as the ‘average value’ for the particular
property in question.

Fig 10 Microtensile Test Specimen

H-4
DEF STAN 47-12/4

© Crown Copyright 1987 This Standard may be fully reproduced

except for sale purposes. The
Published by and obtainable from: following conditions must be observed:
Ministry of Defence 1 The Royal Coat of Arms and the
Directorate of Standardization publishing imprint are to be
Kentigern House omitted.
65 Brown Street 2 The following statement is to be
GLASGOW G2 8EX inserted on the cover:
'Crown Copyright. Reprinted by
Tel No: 041-248 7890 (name of organization) with the
permission of Her Majesty's
Stationery Office.'
Requests for commercial reproduction
should be addressed to MOD Stan 1,
Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street,
GLASGOW G2 8EX

The following Defence Standard file reference relates to the work on this
Standard - D/D Stan/304/2/2.

Contract Requirements

Defence Standards do not include all the necessary provisions of a contract.

Users of Defence Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Revision of Defence Standards

Defence Standards are revised when necessary by the issue either of

amendments or of revised editions. It is important that users of Defence
Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest
amendments or editions. Information on all Defence Standards is contained
in Def Stan 00-00 (Part 3) Section 4, Index of Standards for Defence
Procurement - Defence Standards Index published annually and supplemented
periodically by Standards in Defence News. Any person who, when making use
of a Defence Standard encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity is requested to
notify the Directorate of Standardization without delay in order that the
matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

WP 1017
 Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence
Directorate of Standardization
Room 1138, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, GLASGOW, G2 8EX
Telephone: 0141-224 2595 (Direct Dialling) Fax: 0141-224 2503
0141-248 7890 (Switchboard)
Internet e-mail address: t.leaver@dstan.mod.uk

Your Reference :

Our Reference : D/DStan/11/2

Date : 9 November 1998

Removal of Product Qualification Approval

IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT
1. This Standard contains a Product Qualification Approval (PQA) scheme. iMOD policy requires that all
PQA schemes are removed from Defence Standards called up in contracts placed after 1st January 1998.

2. Users of this Standard are to contact the Project Manager (PM), Equipment Support Manager (ESM) or
Technical Service Authority (TSA) named in the contract or order, to identify whether there is a continuing need
for an approvals scheme.
ii
3. Product Conformity Certification (PCC) is a risk based process that replaces PQA. Once a risk has been
identified PCC can be included as a contract clause. In exceptional circumstances agreement can be sought from
AD/Stan for PCC to be included in a Defence Standard.

4. At the next revision of this Standard the PQA scheme will be removed.

T R Leaver
Head of Standards Programme Management
Tel: 0141 224 2595 FAX: 0141 224 2503

i
Defence Council Instruction (General) 197/97; Quality Temporary Memorandum 5/98; Chief of
Defence Procurement Instruction CDPI/TECH/250 (draft)
ii
PCC is certification that a product meets its specification. When PC is required by the contract, the
contractor is responsible for obtaining the necessary PCC. Certification shall be provided from a
NAMAS accredited laboratory when appropriate. PCC shall apply where a Risk Assessment has been
identified by the PM; ESM or TSA.