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A crane is a lifting machine equipped with a winder, wire ropes or chains and
sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them
horizontally. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage
and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human. Cranes are
commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of
freight; in the construction industry for the movement of materials; and in the
manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment. The generally-
accepted definition of a crane is a machine for lifting and moving heavy objects by
means of ropes or cables suspended from a movable arm. As such, a lifting
machine that does not use cables, or else provides only vertical and not horizontal
movement, cannot strictly be called a 'crane'.
INTRODUCTION to CRANES
The main objective of this project to build a unique kind of robotic algorithm to
achieve a new kind of approachability in the field of robotics. The solar crane with
solar panel is one of those types of different view for automation in machines.
These car are designed to go at different places without man. The main supply is
given by solar panel. By this supply we are operating robotic car in various
directions.
The basic purpose of this robot is to provide automation for the utility machines
that are operated in manual mode for removing different obstructions form fixed
terrain in a remote location.
We are developed solar operated motor crane system new RND mechanical
project. This project shortly explanation of each part as follows.
The mechanical assembly of the project crane consists of a DC motor with gear
attached a chain and another similar gear at opposite end and which is mounted on
a shaft mechanism. The assembly details are shown in figure.
Jib Cranes are industrial machines which mostly uses for materials
movements in construction of buildings, production halls, assembly lines, storage
areas, and power plants. The design features of jib crane vary
widely according to their major operational and manufacturing specifications such
as: crane structure according to motion, weight and type of the load, crane location,
geometric features, and environmental conditions. However, a review of the
available literature tells that technical design of jib cranes are highly saturated and
standardized in many industrial companies and organizations independent of the
jib crane type. Consideration of the available technology that is mainly based on
the accumulated previous experience is important for better performance, higher
safety and more reliable designs. It is well known that generic features of jib crane
components are similar for various different types of cranes. Since the jib crane
design procedures are highly standardized with these components, main effort and
time spent in jib crane design projects are mostly for interpretation and
implementation of the available design. In the initial stage the project overview and
scope of project is analyzed. Further on the literature based on the current design is
reviewed.
Over the past several years, tools that help programmers quickly create
applications with graphical user interfaces have dramatically improved
programmer productivity. This has increased the pressure on testers, who are often
perceived as bottlenecks to the delivery of software products. Testers are being
asked to test more and more code in less and less time. They need to dramatically
improve their own productivity. Test automation is one way to do this.
TYPES OF CRANE
Description:
• Available as Base Plate Mounted (FS300), Insert Mounted (FS350), and
Sleeve Insert Mounted (FS350S)
• All three types use a similar mast pipe, head assembly, and I-beam boom
• Difference in the models is found in the mounting arrangement
• Provide for 360º of continuous rotation
• All models have a round mast pipe that remains stationary throughout rotation
Design Advantages:
The features incorporated into the design of a Gorbel® Free Standing jib
make it the most unique in the industry.
Applied Forces to the Supporting Structure:
The applied forces diagram details the relative position and direction of the
forces that a Wall Bracket jib crane applies to the structure that supports it when a
load is picked up.
When a load is applied, the top wall bracket applies an overall downward
and outward force (pull) on its support. The tie rod is in tension. The bottom wall
bracket applies a downward and inward force (thrust) on its support. These Thrust
& Pull forces are significantly higher than the capacity of the crane! Be sure to
have a qualified structural engineer verify the adequacy of the supporting structure.
Design Advantages:
The key to Gorbel’s superior Wall Bracket jib crane lies in the design and
manufacture of the bracket system, and in the fact that cap channels are added to
longer spans for lateral stability.
Tie Rod:
• A single tie rod (ASTM A36), right-hand threaded at each end, is utilized
• Offers ease of leveling
NEED FOR AUTOMATION
Over the past several years, tools that help programmers quickly create
applications with graphical user interfaces have dramatically improved
programmer productivity. This has increased the pressure on testers, who are often
perceived as bottlenecks to the delivery of software products. Testers are being
asked to test more and more code in less and less time. They need to dramatically
improve their own productivity. Test automation is one way to do this.
Unfortunately, more often than not, automation implementations fail due for
a number of reasons, the most common being;
supply
WORKING PRINCIPLE
This project is designed with power supply, solar panel with battery, driver
circuit with relay, keypad, Dc motor and crane model.
In this project entire kit is controlled by using solar power. Solar panel
consists of number of silicon cells, when sun light falls on this panel it generate
the voltage signals then these voltage signals given to charging circuit. Depends on
the panel board size the generated voltage amount is increased. In charging circuit
the voltage signal from the board is gathered together and stored in the battery. The
battery power is used to control the vehicle. The keypad is used to control the
crane which is connected with the microcontroller. In the keypad the three keys
names are assigned FOV, REV and STOP.
When the FOV key is pressing the microcontroller activates the driver circuit
then through this driver circuit the relay will activated. Relay is directly connected
with dc motor. Hence the synchronous motor is running while the F/R switch is
touch. When the F/R switch is touch the crane modal gets stopped. The same
process is talking when the REV key is pressing. Suppose synchronous motor is
running if the STOP key is pressing motor will stop at the same place while FOR
or REV key pressing. The same process is continuously repeating.
Componant list
1. Control unit =1
2. Battery =1
3. Solar system =1
4. Gear =2
5. Mounting Fabrication =1
6. Motor =1
1. SOLAR PANEL
Solar panel refers either to a photovoltaic module, a solar hot water panel, or
a supporting structure.
Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions
(STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The efficiency of a module
determines the area of a module given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230
watt module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module. There
are a few solar panels available that are exceeding 19% efficiency.
A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power; most
installations contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically includes a
panel or an array of solar modules, an inverter, and sometimes
a battery and/or solar tracker and interconnection wiring.
The major components include P.V modules, battery and inverter. The most
efficient way to determine the capacities of these components is to estimate the
load to be supplied. The size of the battery bank required will depend on the
storage required, the maximum discharge rate, and the minimum temperature at
which the batteries will be used.
When designing a solar power system, all of these factors are to be taken
into consideration when battery size is to be chosen. Lead-acid batteries are the
most common in P.V systems because their initial cost is lower and also they are
readily available nearly everywhere in the world. Deep cycle batteries are designed
to be repeatedly discharged as much as 80 percent of their capacity and so they are
a good choice for power systems
Concentrator systems:
● With optical components, e.g. lenses to direct and concentrate sunlight on the PV
cells of small areas Solar radiation
● Can increase power flux of sunlight hd d fi Fresnel lens Solar cell hundreds of
times
Nr-dc-eco is high quality low cost dc geared motor. It contains brass gears
and steel pinions to ensure longer life and better wear and tear properties. The
gears are fixed on hardened steel spindles polished to a mirror finish. These
spindles rotate between bronze plates which ensures silent running. The output
shaft rotates in a sintered bushing. The whole assembly is covered with a plastic
ring. all the bearings are permanently lubricated and therefore require no
maintenance. The motor is screwed to the gear box from inside.
and brushes and placed within the north south poles of a permanent or an
electro-magnet as shown in the diagram below. Now to go into the details of the
of Fleming’s left hand rule to determine the direction of force acting on the
finger and thumb of our left hand in such a way that the current carrying
mutually perpendicular to both the direction of field and the current in the
conductor.
Advantages
Application of project
Salient features
1. Fully automation.
2. Simple in operation.
3. No skilled manpower required.
4. Maintenances less.
CONCLUSION
The project “Solar operated crane” is designed very care full using our
mechanism engine through .it works much without any problem. During the
assembly we must some offset used otherwise then is so problem at all. In fault we
can make it as a fully automated system.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Badwal, S.P.S.; Giddey, S.; Kulkarni, A.; Goel, J.; Basu, S. (May 2015).
"Direct ethanol fuel cells for transport and stationary applications – A
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[4] Spendelow, Jacob and Jason Marcinkoski. "Fuel Cell System Cost – 2013",
DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Office, October 16, 2013
[5] http://scopewe.com/phosphoric-acid-fuel-cells
[6] Srivastava, H. C. Nootan ISC Chemistry (12th) Edition 18, pp. 458–459,
Nageen Prakashan (2014) ISBN 9789382319399