Exercise 12.

8 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Page 385

Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0

IMPORTANT FORMULAS
The Law of Cosine
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cosα b 2 = c 2 + a 2 − 2ca cos β c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos γ
b2 + c2 − a2 c2 + a2 − b2 a2 + b2 − c2
cosα = cos β = cos γ =
2bc 2ca 2ab
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.The Law of Sine
a b c
= =
sin α sin β sin γ
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.The Law of Tangent
α−β β −γ γ −α
a −b tan b−c tan c−a tan
= 2 = 2 = 2
a + b tan α + β b + c tan β + γ c + a tan γ + α
2 2 2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.Half Angle Formulas
α ( s − b)( s − c) β ( s − c)( s − a) γ( s − a )( s − b)
sin = sin = sin =
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
α s ( s − a) β s ( s − b) γ s (s − c)
cos = cos = cos =
2 bc 2 ac 2 ab
α ( s − b)( s − c) β ( s − c)( s − a ) γ ( s − a )( s − b)
tan = tan = tan =
2 s ( s − a) 2 s ( s − b) 2 s (s − c)
a+b+c
where s = ⇒ 2s = a + b + c
2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.Area of the Triangle ( = ∆ )
1 1 1
∆ = bc sin α = ca sin β = ab sin γ
2 2 2
a sin β sin γ b sin γ sin α c 2 sin α sin β
2 2
∆= = =
2sin α 2sin β 2sin γ
∆ = s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) (Hero’s Formula)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.Circum Radius ( = R )
a b c abc
R= = = R=
2sin α 2sin β 2sin γ 4∆
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In-Radius ( = r )
∆
r=
s
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FSc-I - 12.8 - 2

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Escribed Circle
∆ ∆ ∆
r1 = r2 = r3 =
s−a s−b s−c
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Question # 1
Show that
α β γ α β γ
(i) r = 4 R sin sin sin (ii) s = 4 R cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
Solution
α β γ
(i) R.H.S = 4 R sin sin sin
2 2 2
( s − b)( s − c) ( s − a )( s − c) ( s − a )( s − b)
= 4R
bc ac ab
( s − b)( s − c)( s − a )( s − c)( s − a)( s − b)
= 4R
(bc)(ac)(ab)
( s − a ) 2 ( s − b) 2 ( s − c ) 2
= 4R
a 2b 2 c 2
( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
= 4R
abc
 abc  ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) abc
= 4  ∵ R =
 4∆  abc 4∆
( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
= =
∆ s∆
2
∆
= ∵ ∆ = s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
s∆
∆
= = r = L.H.S
s
α β γ
(ii) R.H.S = 4 R cos cos cos
2 2 2
s ( s − a ) s ( s − b) s ( s − c )
= 4R
bc ac ab
s 2 ⋅ s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) s2 ∆2
= 4R = 4R 2 2 2
(bc)(ac)(ab) abc
s∆  abc  ∆ abc
= 4R = 4 s ∵ R=
abc  4∆  abc 4∆
=s = L.H.S
Question # 2
Show that:
β γ α γ α β α β γ
r = a sin sin sec = b sin sin sec = c sin sin sec
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 FSc-I - 12.8 - 3

Solution
We take
β γ α β γ 1
a sin sin sec = a sin sin
2 2 2 2 cos α
2
2
( s − a )( s − c) ( s − a )( s − b) 1
=a
ac ab s( s − a)
bc
( s − a )( s − c) ( s − a )( s − b) bc
=a
ac ab s(s − a)
( s − a )( s − c)( s − a )( s − b)(bc)
=a
(ac)(ab) s ( s − a )
( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
=a =a
a2s a2 s2
s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) ∆
=a = =r
as s
β γ α
⇒ a sin sin sec = r ……………. (i)
2 2 2
Similarly prove yourself
γ α β
b sin sin sec = r …………. (ii)
2 2 2
α β γ
c sin sin sec = r …………. (iii)
2 2 2
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
β γ α γ α β α β γ
r = a sin sin sec = b sin sin sec = c sin sin sec
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Question # 3
Show that:
α β γ α β γ
(i) r1 = 4 R sin cos cos (ii) r2 = 4 R cos sin cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
α β γ
(iii) r3 = 4 R cos cos sin
2 2 2
Solution
α β γ
R.H.S = 4 R sin cos cos
2 2 2
( s − b)( s − c) s ( s − b) s ( s − c)
= 4R
bc ac ab
( s − b)( s − c) s ( s − b) s ( s − c) s 2 ( s − b) 2 ( s − c ) 2
= 4R = 4R
(bc)(ac)(ab) a 2b 2 c 2
FSc-I - 12.8 - 4

s ( s − b)( s − c) abc s ( s − b)( s − c) ( s − a ) abc

= 4R =4 ⋅ ∵ R=
abc 4∆ abc ( s − a) 4∆
s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
=
∆ ( s − a)
∆2 ∆
= = = r1 = R.H.S
∆ ( s − a) ( s − a)
(ii) & (iii) Do yourself
Question # 4
Show that:
α β γ
(i) r1 = s tan (ii) r2 = s tan (iii) r3 = s tan
2 2 2
Solution
α
R.H.S = s tan
2
( s − b)( s − c) ( s − b)( s − c) s ( s − a )
=s =s ⋅
s ( s − a) s ( s − a) s ( s − a)
s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
=s
s 2 (s − a)2
∆2 ∆ ∆
=s 2 2
=s = = r1 = L.H.S
s (s − a) s ( s − a) ( s − a)

(ii) & (iii) Do yourself

Question # 5
Prove that:
(i) r1 r2 + r2 r3 + r3 r1 = s 2 (ii) r r1 r2 r3 = ∆ 2
(iii) r1 + r2 + r3 − r = 4 R (iv) r1r2 r3 = r s 2
Solution
(i) L.H.S = r1 r2 + r2 r3 + r3 r1
 ∆  ∆   ∆  ∆   ∆  ∆ 
=  +  +  
 s − a  s − b   s − b  s − c   s − c  s − a 
∆2 ∆2 ∆2
= + +
( s − a )( s − b) ( s − b)( s − c) ( s − c)( s − a)
 1 1 1 
= ∆2  + + 
 ( s − a )( s − b) ( s − b)( s − c) ( s − c)( s − a ) 
 s−c+ s−a+ s−b  2 3s − ( a + b + c ) 
= ∆2   = ∆  
 ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)   ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) 
 3s − 2 s  a+b+c
= ∆2   ∵ s=
 ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)  2
 FSc-I - 12.8 - 5

 s s
= ∆2  ⋅ 
 ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) s 
 s2  2 s 
2
= ∆2   = ∆ 2
 2  = s = R.H.S
 s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)  ∆ 
(ii) L.H.S = r r1 r2 r3
 ∆  ∆  ∆  ∆ 
=     
 s  s − a  s − b  s − c 
∆4 ∆4
= = 2 = ∆ 2 = R.H.S
s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) ∆

(iii) L.H.S = r1 + r2 + r3 − r
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆  1 1 1 1
= + + − = ∆ + + − 
s −a s −b s −c s  s −a s −b s −c s 
 ( s − b) + ( s − a ) s − ( s − c)   2s − b − a s−s+c
= ∆ ++  = ∆ + 
 ( s − a )( s − b) s( s − c)   ( s − a )( s − b) s ( s − c) 
 a +b+c−b−a c 
= ∆ +  ∵ 2s = a + b + c
 ( s − a )( s − b) s (s − c) 
 c c   1 1 
= ∆ +  = c∆  + 
 ( s − a )( s − b) s ( s − c)   ( s − a )( s − b) s ( s − c) 
 s ( s − c) − ( s − a)( s − b)   s 2 − sc + s 2 − as − bs + ab 
= c∆   = c∆  
 s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )   ∆2 
 2 s 2 − s (a + b + c) + ab   2 s 2 − s (2 s ) + ab 
= c  = c 
 ∆   ∆ 
 2 s 2 − 2 s 2 + ab  abc abc
= c  = = 4⋅ = 4R = R.H.S
 ∆  ∆ 4∆

 ∆  ∆  ∆ 
(iv) L.H.S =    
 s − a  s − b  s − c 
∆3 s ∆3
= =
( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
s ∆3 ∆
= 2
= s ∆ = s2 = s2 r = r s 2 = R.H.S
∆ s
Question # 6
Find R, r , r1 , r2 and r3 , if measures of the sides of triangle ABC are
(i) a = 13 , b = 14 , c = 15 (ii) a = 34, b = 20, , c = 42
Solution
(i) a = 13 , b = 14 , c = 15
FSc-I - 12.8 - 6

a + b + c 13 + 14 + 15
s= = = 21
2 2
s − a = 21 − 13 = 8
s − b = 21 − 14 = 7
s − c = 21 − 15 = 6
So ∆ = s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
= 21(8)(7)(6) = 7056 = 84
Now
abc (13)(14)(15)
R= = = 8.125
4∆ 4(84)
∆ 84
r= = =4
s 21
∆ 84
r1 = = = 10.5
s−a 8
∆ 84
r2 = = = 12
s −b 7
∆ 84
r3 = = = 14
s−c 6
(ii) Do yourself
Question # 7
Prove that in an equilateral triangle,
(i) r : R : r1 = 1: 2 : 3 (ii) r : R : r1 : r2 : r3 = 1: 2 : 3: 3: 3
Solution
(i) Do yourself

(ii) In equilateral triangle all the sides are equal so a = b = c

a+b+c a+a+a 3a
s = = =
2 2 2
3a 3  1
s−a= − a =  − 1 a = a
2 2  2
Now
∆ = s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
3
3 3a  1 
= s ( s − a )( s − a )( s − a ) = s ( s − a ) =  a
2 2 
3a  a 3  3a 4 3 a2
=   = =
2 8 16 4
3 a2
∆ 4 3 a2 2 3a
Now r= = = ⋅ =
s 3a 4 3a 6
2
 FSc-I - 12.8 - 7

abc a⋅ a ⋅a a a 3 3a
R= = 2
= = ⋅ =
4∆ 4 3a 3 3 3 3
4
2
3a
∆ 4 3 a2 2 3a
r1 = = = ⋅ =
s−a 1 4 a 2
2a
∆ ∆ 3a
r2 = = =
s−b s−a 2
∆ ∆ 3a
r3 = = =
s−c s−a 2
Now
3a 3a 3a 3a 3a
r : R : r1 : r 2 : r 3 = : : : :
6 3 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
= : : : : ÷ ing by 3a
6 3 2 2 2
= 1 : 2 : 3 : 3 : 3 × ing by 6
Question # 8
Prove that:
α β γ α β γ
(i) ∆ = r 2 cot cot cot (ii) r = s tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2
α β γ
(iii) ∆ = 4 Rr cos cos cos
2 2 2
Solution
α β γ
(i) R.H.S = r 2 cot cot cot
2 2 2
1 1 1
= r2 ⋅ ⋅
α β γ
tan tan tan
2 2 2
1 1 1
= r2 ⋅ ⋅
( s − b)( s − c) ( s − a )( s − c) ( s − a)( s − b)
s (s − a) s ( s − b) s ( s − c)
s (s − a) s ( s − b) s ( s − c)
= r2 ⋅ ⋅
( s − b)( s − c) ( s − a )( s − c) ( s − a )( s − b)
2 s 3 ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) 2 s3
=r =r
( s − a ) 2 ( s − b)2 ( s − c)2 ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
2 s3 s s4
=r ⋅ = r2
( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) s s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
2 2
2 s4 s2
2 ∆ s ∆
=r =r =  ∵ r=
∆2 ∆ s ∆ s
FSc-I - 12.8 - 8

∆2 s2
= = ∆ = L.H.S
s2 ∆
(ii) Do yourself
α β γ
(iii) R.H.S = 4 Rr cos cos cos
2 2 2
s ( s − a ) s ( s − b) s ( s − c)
= 4 Rr ⋅ ⋅
bc ca ab
s ( s − a ) ⋅ s ( s − b) ⋅ s ( s − c)
= 4 Rr
(bc)(ac)(ab)
s 2 ⋅ s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) s2 ⋅ ∆2
= 4 Rr = 4 Rr
a 2b 2 c 2 a 2b 2 c 2
s∆  a b c  ∆  s ∆
= 4 Rr = 4   = ∆ = L.H.S
ab c  4∆  s  ab c

Question # 9
Show that
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(i) = + + (ii) = + +
2 r R ab bc ca r r1 r2 r3
Solution
1
(i) L.H.S =
2r R
1 4s∆ 2s a+b+c
= = = = ∵ 2s = a + b + c
 ∆  abc  2 ∆ abc abc abc
2   
 s  4∆ 
a b c
= + +
abc abc abc
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + = + + = R.H.S
bc ac ab ab bc ca

1 1 1
(ii) R.H.S = + +
r1 r2 r3
1 1 1 s −a s−b s −c
= + + = + +
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
s −a s −b s −c
s − a + s − b + s − c 3s − (a + b + c)
= =
∆ ∆
3s − 2s
= ∵ 2s = a + b + c
∆
s 1 1
= = = = L.H.S
∆ ∆ r
s
 FSc-I - 12.8 - 9

Question # 10
β γ
a sin sin
We take 2 2 = a sin β sin γ 1
α 2 2 cos α
cos
2 2
Solution Now see Question # 2
Question # 11
Prove that: abc ( sin α + sin β + sin γ ) = 4∆s
Solution
L.H.S = abc ( sin α + sin β + sin γ )
1 1 1
Since ∆ = ab sin γ = bc sin α = ca sin β
2 2 2
2∆ 2∆ 2∆
∴ sin γ = , sin α = , sin β =
ab bc ca
 2∆ 2∆ 2∆ 
Thus L.H.S = abc  + + 
 bc ac ab 
 2∆a + 2∆b + 2∆c 
= abc   = 2∆a + 2∆b + 2∆c
 abc 
= 2∆ ( a + b + c ) = 2∆(2 s ) ∵ 2s = a + b + c
= 4∆s = R.H.S
Question # 12
γ γ
(i) (r1 + r2 ) tan =c (ii) ( r3 − r ) cot =c
2 2
Solution
γ
(i) L.H.S = (r1 + r2 ) tan
2
 ∆ ∆  ( s − a )( s − b)
= + 
 s −a s−b s ( s − c)
 ∆( s − b) + ∆ ( s − a )  ( s − a )( s − b) s ( s − c)
=  ⋅
 ( s − a )( s − b)  s ( s − c) s ( s − c)
 s − b + s − a  s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
= ∆ 
 ( s − a )( s − b)  s 2 ( s − c) 2
 2s − a − b  ∆2
= ∆  2 2
 ( s − a )( s − b)  s ( s − c)
 a +b+c−a −b ∆
= ∆  ∵ 2s = a + b + c
 ( s − a )( s − b)  s ( s − c)
∆ 2c ∆ 2c
= = 2 = c = R.H.S
s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) ∆
FSc-I - 12.8 - 10

γ
(ii) L.H.S = ( r3 − r ) cot
2
 ∆ ∆ 1  1 1 1
= −  γ = ∆ − 
 s − c s  tan 2  s − c s  ( s − a )( s − b)
s ( s − c)
 s − ( s − c)  s (s − c)  c  s (s − c) s ( s − c)
= ∆  = ∆  ⋅
 s ( s − c)  ( s − a )( s − b)  s ( s − c)  ( s − a )( s − b) s ( s − c)
 c  s 2 ( s − c) 2  c  s 2 (s − c)2
= ∆  = ∆ 
 s ( s − c)  s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)  s ( s − c)  ∆2
 c  s (s − c)
= ∆  = c = R.H.S
 s ( s − c )  ∆

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Muhammad Tayyab (CTI): Govt Degree College Daska (2014-15)

Saad – Punjab College (2016)

Book: Exercise 12.8 (Page 385)

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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