 DESIGN OF CONSTRUCTED WETLAND- HORIZONTAL TYPE FOR SINGLE

FAMILY

Madan Gorathoki
Belbas, Pyuthan

INTRODUCTION

Reed bed system for wastewater treatment has been proven to be effective and
sustainable alternative for conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Use of macrophytes
to treat wastewater is also categorized in this method. This new approach is based on natural
processes for the removal of different aquatic Macrophytes such as floating, submerged and
emergent. Macrophytes are assumed to be the main biological components of wetlands.

Reed beds are a not a sewage treatment system on their own, but are used in
conjunction with a primary treatment such as a settling or septic tank (which will need emptying
periodically). Reed beds only treat liquid effluent - solids will need to be treated elsewhere,
either pumped from the septic tank and treated with the mains sewage, or composted. Reed
beds are aquatic plant based systems which allow bacteria, fungi and algae to digest the
sewage and clean the water. There are two basic types of reed bed - vertical flow and horizontal
flow - and the best system often results from combining the two.

Our arms is to design horizontal type constructed wetland for single family of 5 member of
small family of Pyuthan district. Pyuthan district lies on Province no 5 and is mountainous
district, there are so many NGOs and INGOs as well as government bodies for water supply
and sanitary program promotion resulting ODF free district on 2068 BS becoming 5th number
district among 75 district on ODF rank. Although district become ODF due to lack of post
monitoring and practicing of sustainable sanitation still sanitation management is seen to be
weak. So for somehow management household waste i.e. domestic waste construction of
wetland is seen to be most appropriate technology in terms of social and economic. Detail
design as follows;

Description of project Location

- Location of project (CWL): Sworgdwari Municipality – 07, Belbas Pyuthan

- Design population: 5 Nos
- Distance from Kathmandu: 423 km
- Sworgdwari temple lies 13 km away from project location
Location map as follows:

Fig: Location map from Kathmandu to Pyuthan Belbas Source: Google Map, 24 Dec 2017

Design

Available data, total number of family = 5,

Let's assume;

BOD contribution = 40 g BOD/pe.d

Specific wastewater flow = 80 liters per person per day

Average volume of wastewater (Q) = 5 x 80 / 1000 = 0.4 m3/d

BOD5 concentration = 40 x 1000/80 = 500 mg/l

Effluent standard = 30 mg/l

Assume that 30% BOD5 is removed by the primary treatment unit

Then the influent BOD5 concentration to the wetland (Ci) =350mg/l

Effective average depth, D = 40 cm = 0.4

Q C Q C 0.4 350
Area required, A  Ln( 0 ) = Ln( 0 ) = Ln( ) = 6.55 m2
n * KD Ce KBOD Ce 0.15 30

Based on UN Habitat manual

KBOD = n *K*D = 0.15 m/d for HF

(“n" stand for porosity, K decay constant and D depth )

Now to find cross-sectional area of constructed wetland

Ac= Qs/ Kf (dH/ds)

Where,

Ac= Cross sectional area of the bed (m2)

Qs = average flow (m3/s)

Kf = hydraulic conductivity of the fully developed bed (m/s)

DH/ds = slope of bottom of the bed (m/m)

Suppose, Kf = 1*10-3 and dH/ds = 1%

Ac = 0.4/(3600*24)/(1*10-3 * 0.01) = 0.46 m2


width of wet land = 0.46/0.4 = 1.15 m , where 0.4 m is depth of bed
 Length of wet land = 6.55/1.15 = 5.7 m

Let’s provide single wetland of size 1.15 m * 6.0 m with depth 0.4 m

Specific area per PE for HF wetland = 1.15*6/5 = 1.38 m2 ok

Also provide,

- 40 –80 mm media at the inlet/outlet zones and 5 –20 mm at the treatment zone

Drawing as given bellow …….

Fig: Horizontal type Constructed Wetland with Reed plant