ÿïnr wvúfha uyd bvï fld,a,h

iÔj pdñlr
bvï yd lDIsl¾u m%;sixialrK jHdmdrh

ÿïnr wvúh fyj;a kl,aia l`ÿlrfha msysá wlalr 21"000 l muK j;= bvï úúO jHdmD;s
ls%hd;aul lsÍu i`oyd rdcH jHjidh yd uykqjr ixj¾Ok wud;HxYfha ysgmq wud;H lî¾ yISï
yd j;auka wud;H ,laIauka lsßwe,a, hk uy;ajreka úiska Tjqkaf.a ys;j;=ka yd {d;Ska fj;
mjrd § ;sfí' fuf,i úúO mqoa.,hskag mejÍu isÿ lr we;af;a rdcH jeú,s ixia:dj yd we,alvqj
jeú,s iud.u u`.ska l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nk j;= bvï h'

kl,aia ixrlaIs; jkdka;rh udhsfï msysá w,fldf<a" fldg.," .,amsys,a," f.dauf¾" y.a.,a,"
fyhd¾ md¾la" yqkakia.sßh" le<Efndlal" ueoj;a;" ksfldf,dh" rx., yd ´m,a., hk rdcH jeú,s
ixia:djg wh;a fylaghdr 9675 la jk j;= bvï j,ska fylaghdr 6192 la iy we,alvqj jeú,s
iud.ug wh;a nKavrfmd<" we,alvqj" yqKq.," msglkao" r;aj;a;" ie,.u" ymq.iamsáh" ñ,a,jdk
yd kd,kaod j;= bvï j,g wh;a fylaghdr 3693 ka fylaghdr 2363 la jYfhka úúO mqoa.,hska yd
iud.ï j,g fylaghdr 8555 la ke;fyd;a wlalr 21"400 l j;= bvï mejÍu isÿ lr we;' fuu
mejÍu isÿ lr we;af;a wlalrhlg jd¾Isl j remsh,a 2857 l uqo,lg ;siamia wjqreÿ nÿ moku
hgf;a h'

kl,aia ixrlaIs; jkdka;rh udhsfï msysá fyhd¾ md¾la j;af;a wlalr 900 la muK fï
wdldrfhka uy mßudK l=l=¿ f.dúfmd<la i`oyd ls%iafn%da iud.ug ,nd § ;sfí' ixrlaIs;
jkdka;rh udhsfï msysá r;aj;a; j;= hdh frdai ;srejdkd LKsc leKSu i`oyd ,nd § we;s w;r
fï jk úg uy mßudKfhka kS;s úfrdaë f,i fuu LKsc leKSï lghq;= isÿ flf¾' ueoj;a; j;=
hdfha wlalr 35 la uy mßudK fydag,a jHdmD;shla i`oyd ,nd § ;sfí' fï ish,a, fï jk úg isÿ
jkafka cd;sl mdßißl mk; W,a,x>kh lrñka kS;s úfrdaë f,i h'

ls%iafn%da iud.u È.ska È.g u fï wdldrfhka ixfõ§ mßir moaO;s wdl%uKh lrñka isà' 2007
jif¾ § uyje,s zziSZZ l,dmhg wh;a we<fldg,sh fyj;a uymsáh w,suxlfâ wlalr 150 l ;DK
N+ñ mjrdf.k l=l=¿ wdydr f,i Ndú;hg .ekSug nv bß.= j.d lsÍu we/ôk' fuu jHdmD;sh
i`oyd tjlg uOHu mßir wêldßfha ysgmq iNdm;s Woh .ïukams, uy;d úiska wjir ,nd §u isÿ
flßk' fï wdldrfhka u ls%iafn%da iud.u ÿïnr wvúfha b;d ixfõ§ bvï w;am;a lr f.k uy
mßudK l=l=¿ f.dúfmd<j,a ieleiSug iQodkï fõ'

ÿïnr wvúh hkq iqúfYaIS ffcj l,dmhls' foaY.=Ksl úúO;ajh" uyje,s .f`.a m%Odk c,
fmdaIlhla ùu ksid fuys we;s jákdlu b;d wêl uÜgul mj;S' fï ish,a, ÿïnr wvúfha bvï
wjNdú;dj fya;=fjka úkdY ù hdug bvÈh hq;= ke;'
iuia; ÿïnr l÷lrh u ,xldfõ È. u .x.dj jk uyje,s .fÕa m%Odk;u c, fmdaIl m%foaYh hs'
uyje,s c, fmdaIl m%foaY w;=ßka 30]la muK wdjrKh jkafka ÿïnr l÷lrfhks' fylaghdr
21"000 la muK m%foaYhla mqrd jHdma; j we;s ÿïnr l÷lrfhka ,xldfõ uq¿ N+ñ m%udKfhka
0'32% la muK wdjrKh ù we;' uOHu m<df;a uykqjr Èia;S%lalfha ñ‚fma" Wvÿïnr" md;ÿïnr
yd mkaú, hk m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdi y;f¾ iy ud;f,a Èia;S%lalfha Wl=fj,' r;af;dg"
,.a.," m,af,a.u yd ú,a.u hk m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY mfya ÿïnr l÷lrh jHdma; j ;sfí'
2009 wxl 65 ork mk;ska ixfYdaê; 1907 wxl 16 ork jk ixrlaIK wd{d mkf;a 3w^1& jeks Wm
j.ka;sh hgf;a 2000 uehs ui 05 jk Èk wxl 1130$22 ork .eiÜ ksfõokh uÕska ÿïnr
l÷lrfha rchg wh;a jkdka;r fylaghdr 17825 la muK jk N+ñ m%udKhla ,xldfõ m%:u
ixrlaIK jkdka;rh f,i m%ldYhg m;a lr ;sfí' ixrlaIK jkdka;rh f,i m%ldYhg m;a l<
N+ñfha fm!oa.,sl bvï yd fjk;a rcfha bvï fylaghdr 2000 la muK fõ' tAjd fï jk úg
l%udKql+, j jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j hg;g mjrd .ekSfï lghq;= isÿ fjñka mj;S' tfy;a
tys ukao.dñ iajrEmh yd jkaÈ f.ùïj, m%udo ùï fya;=fjka fï jkdka;r bvï mjrd .ekSfï
lghq;= jHdl+, ;;a;ajhg m;a j ;sfnk w;r;=r tu bvï úúO iud.ï j,g yd jHdmdßlhkag
mejÍfï lghq;= isÿ flfrñka mj;S'

fuu bvï mjrd .ekSu läkï lsÍug wjYHjk b;d jeo.;a jk wud;H uKav, ;SrKhla 2004
jif¾ § .eksK' tfy;a th wo jk f;la ksis mßÈ ls%hd;aul fkd fõ' wxl mStia$ismS$26$2004 yd
2004 cQ,s 22 jk Èk ork wud;HuKav, ixfoaYhg wkqj kl,aia ixrlaIK jkdka;rhg hdj fyda
bka lsf,daóg¾ nd.hla we;=<; msysá ish¨ u bvï m%;sixialrK fldñIka iNdjg wh;a jkdka;r"
1972 wxl 01 ork bvï m%;sixialrK kS;sfha 22^1&B iy 44^tA& j.ka;s m%ldrj jk ixrlaIK
fomd¾;fïka;=jg mejÍu i|yd ks¾foaY ,eî ;sfí' tfy;a fï iïnkaOfhka mßir wud;HxYh yd
jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j bÈß lghq;= läkñka ie,eiqï lsÍu fyda bvï mjrd .ekSug
wjYH ls%hdud¾. .ekSu fyda fï jk ;=re wjika lr fkdue;'

fï ls%hdud¾.hkag t<eöu meyer yßk iEu Èkhla mdid u ta jkdka;r ìï fjk;a ixj¾Ok
lghq;= i`oyd l%ul%ufhka fhdod .efka' fï ksid wjidkfha b;sß jkafka yqfol,d jQ kl,aia
ixrlaIK jkdka;r l=Üá lsysmhla muKs' fï ;;a;ajh md,kh lsÍu i|yd m<uq j isÿ l< hq;=
jkafka kl,aia ixrlaIK jkdka;rh f,i m%ldYhg m;a l< N+ñ m%foaYh ;=< msysá fm!oa.,sl
jkdka;r ìï úêu;a j jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j hg;g mjrd .ekSfï lghq;= läkñka isÿ
lsÍu hs' Bg wu;r j fï m%foaYfha msysá bvï m%;sixialrK fldñIka iNdjg wh;a yd jeú,s
ixia:djg wh;a jkdka;r ìï kl,aia ixrlaIK jkdka;rhg mjrd .ekSu isÿ l< hq;= h' bka miq
j kl,aia ixrlaIK jkdka;rh jgd lsf,daógrhla muK m%foaYhla cd;sl mdßißl mk; hgf;a
kl,aia fyda ÿïnr mßir wdrlaIl m%foaYh f,i m%ldYhg m;a lr ta m%foaYh ;=< ixj¾Ok lghq;=
md,kh l< hq;= h' fuuÕska ÿïnr wvúfha iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre l< yels h' kuq;a isÿ jkafka fï
iqúfYaIS ffcj l,dmh jekiSu i`oyd jk ls%hdj,Ska ls%hd;aul lsÍu h'

ÿïnr l÷lrfha jkdka;rhkag m<uq j wdrlaIdj ,nd fok ,oafoa bx.S%iska úisks' tA 1873 § ÿïnr
l÷lrfha ógr 1500 g jvd by< ^wä 5000 g jvd by<& j<dl=¿ jkdka;r m%foaY foaY.=‚l
rlaIs;hla f,i m%ldYhg m;a lrñks' bka jir 127l g miqj 2000 jif¾ § jk ixrlaIK wd{d
mk; hgf;a ixrlaIK jkdka;rhla f,i m%ldYhg m;a flßk' miqj 2007 jif¾ § cd;sl
mdßißl mk; hgf;a mßir wdrlaIK m%foaYhla f,i;a 2008 jif¾ § mi ixrlaIK mk; hgf;a
mi ixrlaIK m%foaYhla f,i;a m%ldYhg m;a lr we;' fujka jQ kS;suh wdjrKhka .Kkdjla
ÿïnr wvúhg ,nd § we;af;a tys we;s ñ, l< fkdyels N+ úoHd;aul" ffcj úoHd;aul yd
idïm%odhsl ck Wreufha jákdlu ksid h' ta fya;=fjka u 2010 jif¾ § ,xldfõ by< l÷lrhg
wh;a ÿïnr wvúh f,dal Wreu m%foaYhla f,i tlai;a cd;Skaf.a hqfkiaflda wdh;kh (UNESCO‐ 
United  Nations  Educational,  Scientific  and  Cultural  Organization) uÕska m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,en
;sfí'

fujka jQ iqúfYaIS kS;suh wdjrKhla iys; N+ñ m%foaYhl msysá bvï foaYmd,lhkag jqjukd mßÈ
úúO mqoa.,hskag fyda iud.ï j,g mejßh fkdyels h' 2000 wxl 53 ork mk;ska wjika jrg
ixfYdaê; 1980 wxl 47 ork cd;sl mdßißl mkf;a 24we iy 24wE j.ka;s j,g wkqj 2007 cQ,s 23
jk Èk wxl 1507$9 ork .eiÜ ksfõokh hgf;a kl,aia mdßißl wdrlaIl m%foaYhla f,i
m%ldYhg m;a lr we;s N+ñhl bvï ixj¾Ok ld¾hhka i`oyd ksoyia l< fkdyels h' fuu .eiÜ
ksfõokhg wkqj kl,aia ixrlaIs; jkdka;rhg wh;a rcfha bvï yer b;sß rcfha bvï yd
fm!oa.,sl bvï ish,a, wdjrKh jk mßÈ fuu mdßißl wdrlaIl m%foaYh m%ldYhg m;a lr
;sfí' fuu m%foaYh l<ukdlrKh i`oyd rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, ksfhdað;hskaf.ka
ieÿï,;a kl,aia mdßißl wdrlaIl m%foaY l<ukdlrK lñgqjla msysgqjd ;sfí' tu lñgq ks¾foaY
j,ska mßndysr j lsisÿ ixj¾Ok ld¾hhla fuu l,dmh ;=< isÿ l< fkdyels h' kuq;a ±kg fuu
bvï úúO mqoa.,hskag nÿ moku u; ,nd § we;af;a tjka lsisÿ wkque;shlska f;drj h'

cd;sl mdßißl mkf;a 23n Wm j.ka;sh wkqj m%ldYs; 1993 cqks 24 Èk wxl 772$22 ork .eiÜ
ksfõokhg wkqj jk ixrlaIK wd{d mk; hgf;a m%ldYs; ixrlaIs; jkdka;rhl udhsfï isg
ógr ishhla we;=<; fyda mi ixrlaIK mk; hgf;a m%ldYs; m%foaYhla ;=< hï ixj¾Ok
jHdmD;shla ls%hd;aul lrkafka kï ta i`oyd mßir n,mEï we.hSï ls%hdj,shg hg;a j mQ¾j ,sÅ;
mdßißl wkque;sh ,nd .; hq;= h' tfia ;sìh § kl,aia ixrlaIs; jkdka;rh udhsfï yd mi
ixrlaIK m%foaYh ;=< msysá bvï úúO mqoa.,hka g yd iud.ïj, g úúO jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu
i`oyd mßir n,mEï we.ehSï ls%hdj,sfhka f;dr j mejÍu kS;s úfrdaë ls%hdjls' fuu wK mk;a
ms<sn`o j wjfndaOhla fkdue;s j fuu wud;Hjreka fofokd fuka u Tjqkaf.a ld¾hh uKav,h o
lghq;= lr we;s nj fmfkkakg ;sfí'

ÿïnr wvúh wdrlaId lr .ekSug yd th wjNdú;h je<elaùug mshjr .; hq;= jkafka Bg ,nd §
we;s kS;suh wdjrKh ksid muKla u fkdfõ' tys mj;sk ñ, l< fkdyels jákdlu ksid h'
óg¾ 760 isg óg¾ 1900 olajd WÉp;aj mrdih weiqf¾ msysá l`ÿjeáj,ska iukaú; ÿïnr l÷lrfha
úúO jQ iajdNdúl mßir moaO;Ska ys wêl úúO;ajhla ±l.; yels fõ' f;;a l÷lr jkdka;r
^j<dl=¿ jkdka;r&" l=re jkdka;r" f;;a Wm l÷lr jkdka;r" w;rueÈ l,dmSh l÷lr jkdka;r"
úh<s ñY% iÞyß; jkdka;r" .x.dYs%; jkdka;r" f;;a m;k ;DK ìï" úh<s m;k ;DK ìï" <÷
le,E ìï ÿïnr l÷lrfha jHdma; j we;'
ÿïnr wvúfha úúO jQ mßir moaO;Skays Ydl úúO;ajh ms<sn| j mq¿,a wOHhkhla fï jk úg isÿ
lr fkdue;s jqj o f,dal ixrlaIK ix.uh uÕska isÿ lereKq wOHhkhg wkqj l=, 141 lg wh;a
imqIam Ydl úfYaI 1033 la fï m%foaYfhka y÷kdf.k ;sfí' tA w;=ßka Ydl úfYaI 160 la ,xldjg
wdfõKsl fõ' fï w;r Ydl úfYaI 225 la ±juh úfYaI jk w;r" b;sßh m÷re fyda me<Eá fjhs'
,xldfõ jd¾;d ù we;s iuia; Ydl úfYaI w;=ßka 27'4% la muK iy" ,xldjg wdfõ‚l Ydl
úfYaI w;=ßka 17'3% la muK ÿïnr l÷lrfhka jd¾;d ùu fï jk wvúfha iqúfYaI;ajh hs' uq¿
f,dúka u ÿïnr wvúhg muKla iSud jQ Ydl úfYaI yhla fjhs' lSk úfYaIhla jk Calophyllum 
cuneifolium, oU úfYaI jk Syzygium  congylos,  Syzygium  madugodensis yd Eugenia  apica hk
Ydl úfYaI y;r iy uE;l § fidhd .;a Ilex  knucalensis Ydlh ÿïnr wvúhg wdfõKsl Ydl
fjhs' ÿïnr wvúfha msgj, m;k jeks m;ka ìïj, olakg ,efnk m;ka w, (Brachystelma 
lankana) Ydlh o ÿïnr wvúhg wdfõKsl Ydl w;r fjhs'

úfYaIfhka l÷lr f;;a jkdka;r" Wm l÷lr f;;a jkdka;r yd .x.dYS%; jkdka;rhkays

Wvjeähd yd ójk Ydl nyq, j ±l.; yels fõ' ÿïnr l÷lrfha ±l .; yels Wvjeähd Ydl
úfYaI w;r Adrorhizon purnuracens, Eria bicolor, Podochilus falcatus, Malaxis purpurea, Pholidota 
imbricata yd rdiaik ^Vanda tesserllata& jeks Ydl fjhs'

fuys ójk Ydl úfYaI 42 la y÷kdf.k we;s w;r bka úfYaI 06 la ,xldjg wdfõKsl fjhs'
ÿ¾,N ójk Ydl úfYaI jk Elaphoglossum  spathulatum,  Botrychium  daucifolium,  Huperzia 
phyllantha yd Psilotum nudum  ÿïnr wvúfhka jd¾;d fõ'

ÿïnr l÷lrfha i;a;aj úúO;ajh ms<sn| j ie,elSfï § mDIaGjxYS i;a;aj ldKav my ms<sn| j yd
wmDIaGjxYS i;a;aj ldKav jk iuk<hka yd f.dv f.d¿fn,a,ka f.a úúO;ajh ms<sn| j ie,elsh
hq;= wOHhkhka isÿ lr ;sfí' f,dal ixrlaIK ix.uh" úúO m¾fhaIlhka iy fï ,shqïlre úiska
by; i;a;aj ldKav y; ms<sn| j isÿ l< wOHhkhka f.a o;a; iïmsKavkh lereKq úg fuys
i;a;aj úúO;ajh ms<sn| j ukd wjfndaOhla ,nd.; yels fõ'

WNhÔùka" Wr.hka" u;aiHhka" mlaISka" laISrmdhska" iuk<hka yd f.dv f.d¿fn,a,ka hk i;a;aj

ldKav y;g wh;a úfYaI 479 la ÿïnr l÷lrfhka jd¾;d fõ' th ,xldfõ wNHka;r m%foaYfhka
jd¾;d jk fï ldKAv yhg wh;a i;a;aj úfYaI 1294 m%;sY;hla f,i .;aúg 37% la ;rï b;d
by< w.hla .kS' ,xldfõ uq¿ N+ñ m%udKfhka 0'32% la muK jk ÿïnr l÷lrfha fï ;rï úYd,
i;a;aj m%cdjla Ôj;aùu fï m%foaYfha ixrlaIK wjYH;dj läkï yd úêu;a lsÍug m%Odk
fya;=jla fõ'

,xldfõ wNHka;r m%foaYfha jd¾;d jk mDIaGjxYS i;a;aj úfYaI 813 w;=ßka úfYaI 272 la ÿïnr
wvúfhka jd¾;d ù ;sfí' th 33% l by< m%;sY;hls' ,xldjg wdfõ‚l mDIaGjxYS i;a;aj úfYaI
310 w;=ßka úfYaI 16 la Ôj;ajkafka ÿïnr l÷lrfha muKls' ke;fyd;a ,xldjg wdfõ‚l
mDIaGjxYS i;a;aj úfYaI w;=ßka 5% la jd¾;d jkafka ÿïnr l÷lrfhks' ,xldjg wdfõ‚l
mDIaGjxYS i;a;aj úfYaI 310 w;=ßka úfYaI 91 la kl,aia l÷lrfhka jd¾;d jk w;r th 29% l
b;d by< m%;sY;hls' ÿïnr l÷lrfha iqúfYaI;ajh jkafka tys jd¾;d jk ,xldjg wdfõ‚l
mDIaGjxYS i;a;aj úfYaI 91 w;=ßka úfYaI 16 la ke;fyd;a 18% la ÿïnr l÷lrhg wdfõ‚l
mDIaGjxYSka ùu h'

ÿïnr l÷lrfha jd¾;d jk WNhÔùka w;=ßka úfYaI wgla jd¾;d jkafka ÿïnr l÷lrfhka mu‚'
ta úfYaI /fldf*dßfâ ^Rhacophoridae& l=,hg wh;a úfYaI y;la iy älafrd.af,disfâ
^Dicroglossidae& l=,hg wh;a tla úfYaIhla jYfhka j¾. l< yels h' /fldf*dßfâ l=,hg wh;a
ÿïnr m÷re ueçhd ^Pseudophilautus  fulvus&" fyd*audka f.a m÷re ueçhd ^Pseudophilautus 
hoffmanni&" úYd, md±;s m÷re ueçhd ^Pseudophilautus  macropus&" uqß f.a m÷re ueçhd
^Pseudophilautus mooreorus&" iafghsk¾ f.a m÷re ueçhd ^Pseudophilautus steineri&" iagqj¾Ü f.a
m÷re ueçhd ^Pseudophilautus  stuarti& yd yekalkhsf.a m÷re ueçhd ^Pseudophilautus  hankeni& 
iy älafrd.af,disfâ l=,hg wh;a ÿïnr .,amr ueçhd ^Nannophys marmorata& hk úfYaI wg
ÿïnr l÷jeáhg wdfõ‚l fjhs'

ÿïnr l÷jeáfhka jd¾;d jk u;aiH úfYaI w;=ßka ;=kla ÿïnr l÷jeáhg wdfõ‚l jk w;r
;j;a úfYaI folla jk .vhd ^Labeo  fisheri& yd ÿïnr fm;shd ^Systomus  martenstyni& ÿïnr
l÷lrhg yd ta wjáka msysá uyje,s .fÕa m%foaY lsysmhlska jd¾;d fõ' ÿïnr l÷lrhg u muKla
wdfõ‚l u;aiH úfYaI ;=k kï ÿïnr .,amd`ähd ^Garra  phillipsii&" u,a fm;shd fyj;a okal=vq
fm;shd ^Dawkinsia  srilankensis& yd ÿïnr lrweohd ^Laubuca  insularis& h' fndfyda úg ÿïnr
fm;shd ÿïnr l÷lrhg wdfõKsl úfYaIhla f,i úia;r l< o ta úfYaIh uyje,s .fÕa fofla
we< olajd u jd¾;d jk nj m¾fhaIKhka f.ka ;yjqre ù ;sfí' óg wu;r j ;j;a u;aiH úfYaI
lsysmhla ÿïnr l÷lrhg wdfõKsl úfYaI njg bÈßfha § m;a úh yels nj tA ms<sn| j m¾fhaIK
isÿ lrk úoaj;=ka f.a úYajdih hs'

isjqmd Wr.=ka w;=ßka úfYaI y;rla yd tla i¾m úfYaIhla ÿïnr wvúhg wdfõ‚l fõ' tkï
we.ñfâ ^Agamidae& l=,hg wh;a lgqiq úfYaI folla jk ÿïnr wÕ lgqiaid fyj;a m;% wÕ
lgqiaid ^Ceratophora  tennentii&" ÿïnr l=re fndaÈ,sud fyj;a ÿïnr l=re lgqiaid ^Cohpotis 
dumbara&" f.fldksfâ ^Gekkonidae& l=,hg wh;a ÿïnr uy le,E yQkd ^Cyrtodactylus  soba&"
iskaisfâ ^Scincidae& l=,hg wh;a p;=rdx.,S i¾m yslk,d ^Chalcidoseps  thwaitesi& iy mdxY=jdiS
i¾m úfYaIhla jk hqfrdafm,aáfâ ^Uropeltidae& l=,hg wh;a bßjlgq,a,d ^Uropeltis phillipsi& h'

óg wu;r j ,xldjg wdfõ‚l mlaIs úfYaI 33 w;=ßka 30 la u ÿïnr l÷lrfhka jd¾;d fõ'
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;=k muKls' ,xldjg wdfõ‚l ÿ¾,N mlaIs úfYaI jk uhs,f.dhd ^Sri  Lanka  Woodpigeon&"
.=refldKavhd ^Yellow  ‐  eared  Bulbul&" ,xld wrx.hd ^Sri  Lanka  Whistling  Thrush&" ,xld yïnq
l=re,a,d ^Sri Lanka Warbler&" w\qre ks,a ueisudrd fyj;a fldms l=re,a,d ^Dusky ‐ blue Flycatcher&"
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^ Lanka  Blue 
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