Bai Giang PTTKK-Rotary System

Rotary System
1. Introduction
2. Kelly, Kelly Valves and Kelly Saver Sub
3. Rotary Table and Components
4. The Top Drive
References
1. (CDF) Jorge H.B. Sampaio Jr. “Drilling Engineering
Fundamentals.” Master of Petroleum Engineering. Curtin
University of Technology, 2007. Chapter 2
2. (WEC) Rabia, Hussain. “Well Engineering & Construction”. Entrac
Consulting Limited, 2002. Chapter 10 & 16
Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

01/2018 1
Email: luandcv@gmail.com
Introduction
✓ The rotary system is a set of equipment
necessary to promote the rotation of the
bit.
✓ The bit must be mechanically and
hydraulically connected to the rig.
➢This connection is made by the drillstring.
❖ The purpose of the drillstring is to transmit axial
force, torque, and drilling fluid (hydraulic power)
to the bit.

01/2018 2
Drillstring Components
✓ The basic drillstring is
composed of the
following components:
➢ Swivel
➢ Kelly and accessories
➢ Rotary table and
components
➢ Drillstring tubulars
(drill pipe, drill
collars, etc.)
➢ BHA
➢ Drill bit
01/2018 3
The Main Components of Rotating
Equipment
✓ The main components are:
➢ Rotary table
➢ Kelly
➢ Top Drive
❖ equivalent to the Kelly and rotary
table, i.e. either top drive or
Kelly/rotary table
➢ Swivel
➢ Rotary hose
✓ The rotary horse power
requirement is usually between
1.5 to 2 times the rotary speed,
depending on hole depth.
➢ Hence for rotary speed of 200
rpm, the power requirement is
about 400 HP.

01/2018 4
Swivel
✓ The swivel
➢ is suspended by the hook of the traveling block and
➢ allows the drillstring to rotate as drilling fluid is pumped to within the
drillstring.
➢ supports the axial load of the drillstring.
✓ Without the swivel
➢ drilling fluid could not be pumped downhole,
➢ or the drillstring could not rotate.
✓ A flexible hose connects to the gooseneck
➢ which is hydraulically coupled to the top of the swivel stem by a stuffing box.
✓ The stem shoulder
➢ rest on a large thrust tapered roller bearing, which transmits the drillstring
weight to the swivel body, and then to the bail.
✓ The thread connector of the swivel
➢ is cut left–hand so that it will not tend to disconnect when the drillstring is
rotated by the kelly or by the top drive.
01/2018 5
Cuts of A Swivel showing the
internal parts

01/2018 6
Kelly, Kelly Valves, and
Kelly Saver Sub

01/2018 7
Kelly vs Top Drive
✓ Strictly speaking the Kelly or top
drive are not components of the
drillstring.
➢ The Kelly is the rotating link between
the rotary table and the drillstring.
✓ Its main functions are:
➢ transmits rotation and weight-on-bit
to the drillbit.
➢ Supports the weight of the drillstring
➢ connects the swivel to the uppermost
length of drillpipe; and
➢ conveys the drilling fluid from the
swivel into the drill string.

01/2018 8
Kelly
✓ Below and connected to the swivel is
➢a long four-sided (square) or triangular or
➢six-sided (hexagon, the most common) steel bar
with a hole drilled through the middle for a fluid
path called kelly.
✓ The square or hexagonal section of the kelly
➢allows it to be gripped and turned by the kelly
bushing and rotary table.
✓ The Kelly comes
➢in lengths ranging from 40 to 54 ft (12 to
16.5m)
01/2018 9
The Purpose of The Kelly
✓ The purpose of the kelly is
to transmit rotary motion
and torque to the drillstring
(and consequently to the
drill bit),
➢while allowing the
drillstring to be lowered or
raised during rotation.

01/2018 10
Kelly Bushing
✓ Torque is transmitted
to the kelly by the
kelly bushing. It
➢ has an inside profile
matching the kelly’s
outside profile
(either square or
hexagonal),
➢ but with slightly
larger dimensions
➢ so that the kelly can
freely move up and
down inside it.
01/2018 11
Applications of The Kelly Valves
✓ The kelly valve consists of
➢ a ball valve which allows free passage
of drilling fluids without pressure
loss.
✓ This is a safety device
➢ can be closed to prevent flow from
inside the drillstring during critical
operations like kick control.
✓ It also
➢ isolates the drillstring from the
surface equipment and allows
disconnecting the kelly during critical
operations.

01/2018 12
The Kelly Cocks (The Kelly Valves)
✓ The Kelly is usually
provided
➢ with two safety valves,
one at the top and one at
the bottom,
❖ called upper and lower
Kelly cocks, respectively.
✓ The upper kelly valve

➢ has left–hand threads.
✓ The lower Kelly cock
➢ is always manual

01/2018 13
Kelly Saver Sub
✓ A kelly saver sub is simply a short
length pipe with has male threads
on one end and female on the
other.
➢ It is screwed onto the bottom of the
lower kelly valve or top drive and
onto the rest of the drillstring.
✓ When the hole must be deepened,
and pipe added to the drillstring,
➢ the threads are unscrewed between
the kelly saver sub and the rest of
the drillstring, as opposed to
between the kelly valve or top drive
and the saver sub.

01/2018 14
Kelly Saver Sub (Cont.)
✓ This means that the connection between the kelly or top
drive and the saver sub rarely is used, and suffers minimal
wear and tear,
➢ whereas the lower connection is used in almost all cases and
suffers the most wear and tear.
✓ The saver sub is expendable and does not represent a
major investment.
➢ However, the kelly or top drive component threads are spared
by use of a saver sub, and those components represent a
significant capital cost and considerable downtime when
replaced.
✓ It is important that
➢ both lower kelly valve and kelly saver sub be of the same
diameter of the drill pipe tool-joints to allow stripping into the
hole during control operations.

01/2018 15
Rotary Table & Components

01/2018 16
Master Bushing and
Master Casing Bushing
✓ The kelly bushing fits in
the master bushing,
➢ which, in turn, attach to
the rotary table.
➢ It connects to the master
bushing either by pins or
by a squared link.
➢ The master bushing
transmit torque and
rotation from the rotary
table to the kelly bushing.
✓ A master casing bushing
is used to handle casings.

01/2018 17
Kelly Bushing and Master Bushing
✓ Figure shows
a kelly
bushing,
master
bushing, and
rotary table
assembly.

01/2018 18
Drillpipe Slip (detail when set in
the master bushing)
✓ The master bushing (and also the
master casing bushing) has a tapered
internal hole.
➢ The purpose of the tapered hole is to
receive the pipe slips.
➢ During pipe connection or drillstring
trip operations, this tapered hole
receives either the drill pipe slips, or
the drill collar slips, or the casing slips,
which grips the tubular and frees the
hook from its weight.
✓ Because of the slick shape of most drill
collars,
➢ a safety clamp is always used above
the drill collar slips (mandatory!)
➢ If the drill collars slides in the slips,
the safety clamp works as a stop to
force the slips to grip the drill collar.

01/2018 19
DC Slips, Safety Collar, Casing
Slips and A Rotary Table
✓ A drill collar slips (a), a
safety collar (b), and a
casing slips (c) are shown
in the Figure.
✓ The rotary table receives
power from the power
system
➢ (either mechanical or
electric.)
✓ A gearbox allows several
combinations of torque
and speed.

01/2018 20
Kelly Set

01/2018 21
The Top Drive

01/2018 22
The Top Drive Outlook
✓ The top drive is basically a
combined rotary table and
Kelly.
✓ The top drive
➢ consists of a DC drive motor
that connects directly to the
drillstring without the need or
a rotary table.
✓ The top drive
➢ is mounted on the rig’s swivel,
the swivel attaches to the
travelling block and supports
the drillstring weight.
01/2018 23
The Elevator and Elevator Links of
a Topdrive
✓ The top drive has
➢ a pipe handler
consisting of a torque
wrench and a
conventional elevator to
assist in pipe handling
during connection and
round trip operations.
✓ The elevator and
elevator links
➢ are supported on a
shoulder located on the
extended swivel stem.

01/2018 24
Different Positions of a Topdrive

01/2018 25
Advantages of Topdrive
✓ The top drive functions is the
same way as the Kelly.
✓ However, it has many advantages
over the Kelly system including.
➢ the possibility to drill a full stand
(3 or 4 drill pipes) without
interruption, saving time in
connections
➢ the possibility of rotating the
drillstring during the trips
reducing the drag to pull–out or
slack–off the drillstring in the hole
for high inclination drillinge
➢ or pulling out of hole in stands.
❖ The Kelly system can only do this
in singles; i.e. 30 ft.

01/2018 26

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Rotary System

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

✓ The upper kelly valve

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

Đinh Công Vĩnh Luân – MSc in Offshore Engineering

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