GEOGRAPHY

Diajukan untuk memenuhi tugas individu salah satu mata kuliah Pengantar
Ilmu Sosial

Dosen Pengampu :

Prof. Dr. Dasim Budimansyah, M.Si.

Sri Wahyuni Tanshzil, M.Pd.

Di Susun Oleh :

Nika Nur Aliantika (1704156)

DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN

FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

2017
 WEEK 12

GEOGRAPHY

A. INTRODUCTION

Humans, animals, and plants in nature need each other that will eventually
happen in the same work process or interaction and adaptability as a means of
supporting the social to outwardly they can survive, proliferate, and set living with
a secure, peaceful, and peace. In addition to the physical nature of the support
tools that are in the form of social cooperation and mutual interaction of the
above, it is also the other support tools in the form of natural resources. The
existence of sufficient natural resources and potentially, living in this beautiful
Earth will survive just fine. In relation to this, science related and can help us
study the nature and forms of natural space itself is the science of geography.

Based on the background, the authors will discuss the science of

geography but will focus discussion on understanding, scope, and purpose of
geography.
 B. REVIEWS

Geography of Greece "Geographia" which means the description of the

Earth. Geography is the study of land, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the
Earth. Four historical traditions in geographical research are the spatial analysis of
natural and human phenomena (geography as a study of distribution), area studies
(places and regions), study of human relationships-land, and research in the Earth
Sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is a discipline that covers all the most
important attempt to understand the Earth, man and nature. Geography has been
called "the world" and "discipline is the bridge between the human and physical
sciences".

A. Geography Science

• Physical geography

Physical geography (or fisiografi) focuses on geography as an Earth

science. It aims to understand the physical problems and problems of the
lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, flora and fauna and
patterns of global (the biosphere).

• Human geography

Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of

patterns and processes that shape the community. These include the Geography
branch of science, human aspects of political, cultural, social, and economic.

• Environmental geography

Environmental geography is the branch of geography that describes the

spatial aspects of interactions between humans and nature. This requires an
understanding of the traditional aspects of the human and physical geography, as
well as ways in which human society conceived environment.
• Geomatics

Geomatics encompasses a broad field that is involved with spatial

analysis, such as Cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), remote
sensing, and global positioning systems (GPS)

• Regional Geography

Regional geography is a branch of geography that studies regions around

the Earth. The ultimate goal is to understand or define the uniqueness or character
from a certain area that consists of the elements of nature as well as man.

• Cartography

Cartography studies the representation of the Earth's surface with abstract

symbols (map making).

• Geographic information system

Geographic information systems (GIS) deal with the storage of

information about the Earth with automatic way through computers, accurately
according to the purpose of that information

• Remote sensing

Remote sensing can be defined as the art and science of obtaining

information about the features of the Earth from measurements made at a distance.

• quantitative methods of geography (Geostatistical)

Geostatistical analysis of dealing with quantitative data, in particular the

application of statistical methodology for the exploration of the phenomenon of
geography. Geostatistical is widely used in various fields including: hydrology,
geology, petroleum exploration, weather analysis, urban planning, logistics, and
epidemiology.
• qualitative Methods of geography (Ethnography)

In geography there is cultural tradition of using qualitative research techniques

also used in anthropology and sociology. Participant observation and in-depth
interviews provide human geography with qualitative data.

B. History

At the time of middle ages, the Arabs like al-Idrisi, Ibn Battuta and Ibn
Khaldun continued to maintain and build on the legacy of the nation of Greece
and Rome. With the Marco Polo travel, geography spread throughout Europe.
During the era of the Renaissance and in the 16th century and a great many trips
done 17 to find a theoretical foundation and a more accurate details. Geographia
Generalis by Bernhardus Varenius and Gerardus Mercator's world map is an
example of the biggest after the 18th century geography began to be known as a
complete discipline and became part of the University curriculum in Europe
(especially Paris and Berlin), but not in the United Kingdom where geography is
only taught as a sub-disciplines of science. One of the great works of this era was
the Cosmos sketch physical description of the universe, by Alexander Humboldt
vom. For more than two centuries the quantity of knowledge and many auxiliary
devices found. There is a strong connection between geography with geology and
botany, as well as economics, sociology and demographics. In the West, during
the 20th century, the discipline of geography passes through four major phases:
environmental determinism, regional geography, the quantitative revolution, and
critical geography.
 C. ANALISYS AND DISSCUSION OF REVIEWS

Geography is a science that describes everything that is on the Earth's

surface. Geography has several branches of science, physical geography (or
physiografi) which focuses on geography as an Earth science. Human geography
is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that
shape the community. Environmental geography is the branch of geography that
describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and nature,
Geomatics encompasses a broad field that is involved with spatial analysis.
Regional geography is a branch of geography that studies regions around the
Earth. Geography also has 2 methods, namely quantitative geography method one
that is dealing with the Geostatistical analysis of quantitative data, in particular the
application of statistical methodology for the exploration of the phenomenon of
geography. Geographic qualitative methods the one that includes Ethnographic
cultural geography there is a tradition of using qualitative research techniques also
used in anthropology and sociology.