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In Defiance of Destiny sc ct 9 095 fe ge 4 4 I enamine nd Generate Cri nd soon a GE ny pay ee LAMENTS AS MODELS FOR ACTION a ration n meer Gree i heen a jes of nation or om the crt ors contesting queso of mater ety Sunny 9 Te Go fi Gf Pron 192; Zambos 1859, ood pols who hae song 2 Sac) ines beth eebectel Cato Blt sor recognising cer pestenc Meno 1974 Tn Te pen 8 he Won usa Wet o Wart Ms Bo loss werlng on peromance (carmel 1986, Cre in mal Aap Ree 0) 1960, and to socal athrpologuts Dano 1982 Herel 198 Esk 19551951) The more recent works hve ra oe pa lise, anf (1982271 exploration ote phenomenology for example addres coment woes boat he procialy eas (ce Gress 10881213, cf Romldo 1589 1-P)wie he sa ana of tuner eis fled ul his no the Bc bass of socal poet (see Caan 1996) and reste as 190, 1990. tery versio aprosches this dus pic shold al sta the fof any sgl sranded erpretan. The national okt ho eee haat exh rw he its hey ef a from uncnlngy ete sngle-cded pots of nsnsty, thy ary gored il sgn a pe By exqropiaig amen tes, they not on senced any of Redriver but poe ates domi tthe tt Bt sch the praor of reastance apt» aly Power socal cs stan no oberg on henge ey ot, he veces ral ie ad ase tone only beg “cntnge Laces and Papas 19911), om ci prance ay tae pe by such ees vera ofthe socal oie by sony asathorsatnni (Gexnan 1931) and Grsk show puppee (Dani 197, ales sexily that cognate wera lhl ove ate re iy of doin ie Lag 1986950), Crean wera of th gd moayoona women 2 eh coed they ‘liu ies Ged 191 ples ener al mye coma (cnn 163) Gk women cal Ses seme sla tps o's me somber mode hr So {4990300 reat, womens rman al met pu el those male-dominated mtu nd Goats ape ee see andere the sol sas of womens” Tee moo question ast whether t does so through the dest voicing of dicey ‘om bie thst ey ee a ‘Sorstone wonens end! unesandng ftecmnced oe ‘ese re ot muta eae putes “ ‘tpn ucston etc tems do ths lant pei ‘ans acl ching ming? Ts dente nse osc il Uae precmens Wht fos mle espe my sre el stem aes da fo an soc fo eal” anc Inerptaons tt are re than cle xe ea W511; Herel 199194-00, A sec or he meng tows, mere, hay proves on stv sed andar Sail Sng "he or, on ekg sajes oe an a al Bherenn. On ren a bigs, cena an ea ‘een ngtd a cnt specs of cae Ge oul 87: eal 1880) ow do we mend thence! How de we ear at nl Posie as ytunenat outed andes ‘nhcay la cnc wih jn ch nde fy rl sige sl mens pamela ogee a ls ie dlc one nbs ot dco a Posie wdewunding whore yl of Ss den aes al {cosabuthow an wy dan nscal eand ha ‘Sets pc funda i te) some sin atl These wil cea eens the bps, burressan ts cw Tes option of oe pose wich ae themes highly tema eventhough they do ncrpnste i masey dh he sre los wp avn he cant sil 1877.13 The fy tetbewas is nd ean, we lb ‘So he inal roca ht alowed ong won ores el ‘scans ous of unetinyanontiguy Se pec ema le of death whee “ail vesoaon can never Be ached sel tensa Themourem queson dsr ol dvb She ws Ho 2 phn the cdf son mariage ad ey poe Hess al ‘heme eet ae ound eg sey tage Se dot eign cit was pedo bre Bl even pare aging ne ay scr lay pres. This Jor sing rm a trading ofthe Gc ew of ae Bite wort aceon hen pe "Wit wren serie To rpe hs proveb saa however, woul bo cso esto hich aio: pul heel an revocable deny. ably wok eect states fr he egimaion of etn ie only eee agar who srk to eon etch coche ede of dail orl au Phe fe and penalty army ares and your sucenes a ot 8 eX, whereas my sucess ad your Tales te proof aad tn character(s). Sach the eral og of sates of tod sete. eer usally geno funerary bens. ira canbe sed swords ta ment doo ees pase othe tneviable Cte (1986) Careel-Chaves 960 has Geek mens as expresso atl rte, awh he 9) of bereavement metonraly express the pain of womers general Sch mesg however, werk lleva the bres of yy eater and ole pat bua specie feordnngthcinenersonmceurstnse ths let, isa powerh—beausrecogiable recy seeped— gt the all corn of pl ad stent Whe Cael and jee meng cour feral soy, weve cre Ss rd erect sty may s,s wom ake te spol sevens of nent etic and ss js fon aa Chins wore), ore, meting ea expe rot whl, by resting the premise of mae contol ao Seomens enon or dame toh 688 138-139) ie for women's eect on ace mY When hes ian tel nor fees on ane Kner ok pli Gln,” Fwesecenrl Crom 1974" I shal sus no nl th lent uals the king ts accompanist Mich tha conn othe aneters poral and stp Th ne ssl and somes inn lye onthe te Pebonl demas hs very abt et open the posit of yea ier the func the young mouer eee (and ater scopy of he ape had mate ate ie rw ths he who the dacsion wich has cots hens ae hace petorme sown revogecine ate owar ch cers quien to eran wie The nang of hs angi fa curcigh he econo etal vay ewe ecco a betwee er persona eeavesenand the grand caaseophes em. hse lex note ls om the common toc oe al experince wa collie presale The alo fe uentngmsy sugges ste othe oie! comparson between nds event, bu ae indexed” by ecognable, common psc igh ths phrawology, the mousey unutetble pun becomes pes collec pa, her personal ge eacton of cletve os recon ayt petrancecas esngy payne on the Hinks among thre ks of ine The lngest the ge de of lites, nwtich the ad eves commented nthe vongiete mor thon gener mls lor rep experience. This kind oftme stanton to begrapbal ne he age ofthe lf tes th peroned lors the pul view of personal dase The es sich mage, Sly, depends on eactoal formate correspond clelytoRowndieu9(1077 Tengo Isthe mana thls rctonal ne that allows acts ee Moga! Se ly the nue aree—forexanpl, the death ofafovedsonasthe ffi" Such nage contists to amenter eleven she aul che cline sein she ill move others, ects she hs ec dda a oto expense pete a meter peor ie fic of vera psp y eho aed en sh acess roving eta to syphccundersanding and to identifction wh ber personal pan she may also evenly insane socal wai, The limp may noe al apparent se aermathohefaeral Herstbsequentfe couse, howe, Sgetve Inde, Grek nents fen haves prospect hr or alamenie to accne her eel deen peso bre of ving lel he unpeeted the theme one of wel docs ovigity (eso 1974193) Ths per of confsion tured 9 so evocatively exh by Rosi (1081-21, Lenenting TIME PAST AND TIME USED Since oe ey gal thes to nate one ofthe le oftundioeal stl concerns an sol conte | tl il dee Son ofthese n rds daca om oft er tab been {ofan ames of neal lamensin Grace ites eet er) tind he semantic bly of txts tht otodox flor tis eee Fed and relent Ins eara Cre ences 1086 study ep Pilar eece i showing how lets may perm the suv Suton order, nt tough dc, Font Petar Dt hugh Tenges to nomutve scaly Indepheraby maybe saborsie a (Ge, fr example, Messick 1987) penal proce may ao be exp ‘rough the ste and tematic maripalation of prs ee Ton 1988)" Thelingustic evidence of ashe ymbaic univer o0 of demise byantropeogstastery the prodot fl tnnone rst sa ongia, uncontaminated et, maybe eden ot shared syle ‘whose neal coherence ghes mening to apparently aerator sea Deformanes Thus, Gre laments eae represent dh sarge the black earth oto Death (Whar) perce. The evan aca ‘onenste (Ale 1974, Bachan Pry 198246; Danforth 198: He [oes efJobason 1988157158; Klima 1988; Trac 18821 cpl the metpor in tr of 2 generic ruc iy am Ptsonal sof pssige-Hete sale moreconceedto show how racic, the tap in actual unr acl mamas Than eer sy, Inte tha whole poses sme ose Rh stared mameroos lel and seman lormule wah 2 wed sng ‘ary Kata (Hertel 198]434-35 Bea ory 19351, 266)" The sl Destrsededh iflrent rtualcoren ferent les, erent i Schema. The woman who cmpoeed the nent fr er mother dé cesar “ow” the wedding ets as hoe, may not have exe ‘ber wile a al In normal ntropologl price, such res ‘Would he ete foto, 9 tnt ook sept abtton = “Tle memory” andthe “ote anioncious lal boron mats and formal might epi she ifn ofthese lees ‘ott us wha paler shoul ontder hem mec prope ld ot el show, ther wor the longue dae of tual vl tranante imolined tne Lingo den ie res hey e8 '6 Grek lamenting Gee also Sree 191226) ‘Wel-known segs about such Nistor evens a the sack of Chis caddy the Tre prove a sabe reper formule stable 2 breslage of onal mention. Without neces ning of them—ance hee source of moral suppor in an meee werd en sipped away The ge bent of working frm » varia of gh. a ere, that one can stk poste inks tween a mouners ent ie coe ne onion the me of bree Goon) a Carne (1086) and Seas 1990, 191) have bath eyelet nthe sony eee solar of women ho le TReshands hate let them to widowhood, anus made soil by the waumption that widow me cal Ered and 0 temptation ce de Bouay 1974129) ant eh of peu the cal Heeavemen Ind men fen ese ven wives teling eno speak ems iil imal el-comcol i speech a the analog of rae sexi continence ‘nea, hoseve.l hs oesby the sd isthe women who aa lami retin weds of acknowledged power a beauty, wile the mee ane closest the deceased py an oerwhening iat speak nny ata an ager about though capable waking wth ‘nep and row themes tthe open grave. Wot gel once {plc and ote complex tempos, a Ke fv of no cian qt nd erally nce ering hg esa ‘women eek inthe ae of death is not nly th ineraized pay Fereavement Is also an exeralind compli, the publ expres ‘pretest apart husband who les 4 wonan widowed and pon <&shonoed aber who a ado provide for sce hr ce ‘harsnat polican Ie Arbehop Malas Iie ft peten, ‘Cypas—at thos fanerl fwjomen kc ad sted Why hae yoo lone s? What sal edo watt ou? al alge [nea proce rote” (Anonymous 1977), ‘Butio ewe the mtr thee sto ase hat women oly pots they camot improve their oe Sich aie iors the tandorna ‘apo af mens and aribte “aaa othe women, No dub charge of fase woald sa the mens interests Inthe sation Flows, however, weal ae 2 woman stenping to "acy 2 mal and whats oe suceeding Saperfcially erst maybe pose ‘merpe ber words as a ter ry of comp a he reves esting Stbsequent event, however, show tht she was nalts Viewed in the ight of her owe banoy, her words sugges the ene inchose and confused at may have en of ah ellestive sae 0 the vammets of lowly bik and» penurons home the es ‘measured ee sucess tema ofthe androcenti say whos stramis she ed 1 evexcome, this should not oversaw he Imen—and the achievement ohare of” abe performed Bute hat we cannot inte alana be ceran whether he had on Intended herlamentng io achive thes ols ole listrats he ontng ‘hat mits pact he couse vets sued on mate ron an nt Cit wile. There maybe a femora foe compare neh of weer Crete. The laments fea Eps sem ohne atc ps res rom the eles olor, and sme longa been ese. Many emt othe ajay olthse Marion wens rca couche he fe shemeconmon ouch ck vee When confi 3 rg they chcnocher cou alt pry phy apo: Pages beoecn ti ono hie, const wee eo ihe oilnen bond. The ens of he weer Citan gh esclaty despediocey th conasine devices at daa ob iene sl gy and omen, supposed defences eras seal hola enbarase eck cmens cn tebe adn ae foamed en 1 cleconecons wth amen sysand oi alone led sunt so spp a the deca i yg oro, woman en, chlo ey be il pak her en han. Ftp the one ck he iy. moans howe hy pat cron dence ers hemoelee geae enton Halr 197083) emphacson"speaing the lanes. the tem suaijemplyedin the Ent lore made an seo whee thee cool be costed Mapu)» em nly socine wih nd metic me Poy Ohare,» erm tat ho, sgay, olen sees Ghowgh the pln asp emo mage. We salle nt vgs hi coecon wb ogre aor tbat mtn Fonambigvons song perfetances Moe sagesve, perp, the phic ral proved Abucogheds (1986251) study En oct in whch “songs categncly oppose to the doanant ae srctes ofthe sca one ‘Gea "wecping Mon begs wih moro ss unvebalied mgs: as [197081 rater well descbes ia fal cer the fst announcement of dea 1 epi Pcomes Tach bre ese line normal ends wih a orm dest the enon avcane mst followed he enc pronout mo te, Yelongig 10) er the ver le {my 1 pearls of deren, and the despre wit commit wt the ow eeer beyond reac, Te examples tha Kallas ie sem at tun wha sal rept oy cn fell aca al thy tae of sigetig the undeng structure more ley ee alo Tosa 200 he inten alow he pater of oinay spoken ds excep tht the fin jbl fac ine may be fhe eed ad ce my te peulmate yc of te ermal apap MATERIAL FROM WESTERN CRETE. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS Wester Crtes no sel known for tamer rosso te ‘ne lng study of west Cretan Lent many concemed 0 est tentinay wih Momeni wad (Tsudeos 1970), wie anes 3 Includes some mers oe sige ne 1970) othe ger nore hei coon than ln eal prorance, cae TORO sudy (Carnet Chaves 1960, which adden more reed hshund, wih ee cite 1 eo, reed pier way odo co ote a the rar o pli ace Capel 96426 Machin 1985). ef rans port oa save ong worn ws mal Bes roi cuanto hs, however, well a is aomart any dinaon fst ad the sped wh which be then Tamiy wi hs seond we protec hm fom chs Rese Dos x ny Saye ts young ger oe ther won’ pang bul Sayed by hes obvious tomate nan cul fer endnce the oo stay xaunenocomner ic oes of hi omnes Fo wi test e's death bd semed tee he Young. ocr subsnsmeens cman tam a on sapere og as dee mg One wou rt hv robe cyl nade pote that pu fle moray ine bctgound tor cond Tr imo we ing poe fen jes ode sgaes the penblesneaon of ue goat oan es Ted ad fpomel get conongune nll as Perhaps en dug torcon! tn banenng) Apr member fhe reo pa feiouy othe ving, bead en wowed and ad a eco cw om the eas pesigous purgoup, She here, tbs yer ath poems haben nm postion ak age Aoon tenor more eared a th a othe ftswonsnodbcen ad paar somcholer san she Peabo 40 salem young han), bt shad ben por and thd mah Soe Attn me spetn sewn fdy spe. er bck oso wa anther olen. bess fan hisses Her wo dangers then aged sou 3nd 12.4 the ony net sds bere rsh cance ¢senou line Psple nol sil “ween” BL ot alte vag: come woe Bnet weather hd sh ork uc ance each nee a pag Peoples ord hate ler nh not kn to {aw op pd et) wlth yung duper tomate her Sse ci onyconexening Meiners oe of be dened slic mnt stander 0 esgic und Not sob my, poser thes sox fpaonl ss and ost endangered nf None doe te lth gc evaded oshamngt The rhe nese cet rth ben cine nosso ihe that i barely mle oe moan ramet Rese he osnet Inne womans ames fo er rather village ured say (Gals 19708, the wees seem a fo exes aly by {amination however, eves ana gm salon at tea oncaeid nox bnghim ack othe “es cra, an a me Gy fe smraly ont the epinte vilae findsedope hereto his tous and othe sl Toul be pou. our no the igh peak. nea” Cc 1965159 - During my eldnockin Gel which clos othe lage des alone a fs vitally the sine lates tadon Wel Ade sere fuels dma vcs and hed sn lieningIsmetng cones the ane nee 2 enh ingather aud don whch bd aon a ‘ight wake Clase hn and nibs hep wach oe he by Someta afer conde nen tikes hey lw kn ing prent ei) othe ese ashe iss tht women latent whe en pesemaiy hon wh nea sfdw scan manana degre of equine eee een ‘ie thas emphasing nd ang the hedced sno sen ‘wo perma modss Inmyowneagereee, hoe, women cel inced tj inthe stoning th men Oxy cos kevomcn ‘ob and om tne to lime bets of ening, bat ae inemited thse dara ohare gute sae to fem, ‘ora oes onl yeni honsnes, nse cea dead enon ie Ths sudden swchng Keen tne net a trl elmreclecton, so mach tod th he pure eae ofc g ‘ought bythe carer kor, peal ernon ate func Toop ard gest tut evils sop» ned for ene Sporn ofgeteven when segs ya aly espn ‘xipouring. The peomance os met bee cosy» ma ply el re and in fat oneal schol epored tt west cena Cr ‘romen somes sang lane pst he ine ns peso Sorat way Coondes 19761) nol eon’ fel conde ke sith th youl oe—especal then hat a rma man or mean whe wed ‘meal sabellyreprodees, whe wine and me opacing he epithe cles fey oud aapp and ne ace Ve dierent faeaols mtd notes inf ad tenes he a in Germany (wee she aod er snd were lng sab ipa lege aerating neg pressed esi Her hsb, pe with gc, sige abst ae fone nthe soe scarey lmposd bate ar sa ats meted ho tnd aioe carci faery tol ae cy ad ey tow eto eames pt king ita hasty om the momen ofthis death, flee. mas ber own concem at beng eh an een gg eae io brother-in-law already in place to suppor those clans, who testy, Her mother dd ot ape toon ons and subcquenly became me of presenting she funeral mates bly dicate two gil frames shold become carta the words theese ook. fo 4 rection ofthis dems, While the eer ser’ “slut been unstcoryfor a ors ihe ats, wa beter have been predicted atthe tine of he nea ei pra to that pesn’s socal wor (im) alway elie othe expect ilar entrain of him or her ere T9RD32- 959) A (flow sus no weath, and dubious semalrepaaion who sll fo et mare may thereby ea at least grade respec, TEXTS ns from this fuer seem very jon. Some fragenay el hough the cranchngeleon elon the way tothe vee eshstion ofthe mbes voi, the elder easter sieypeseced forthe night se and the younger dears largely words Wh lows i epee mpl ol ee which eps eral, ‘over and oer special have mplrng he dees 1 spel) spa ‘a mead ft he conversion ome: mother ents repeats, iy ey tuned me en sgh ye qc wh) ie pi mn rca ny ca Hh widow des, occ ofthe dhe htt ead man hie bchad en pega eesti fou (nyc) a cleo a ple tg sou perbroheso-er, whose eputaion would beihe motte ten eh We sl se tha the elder dager alee et jer ny berm sat, ths esd a me ey ay la the mater out fe serps ence tee a or {smote infidels: Wheears widow ns ec eee en regu ofpnertion or ener Ts seman coat ne communi might ne fo prop a ‘am opis sey tcl ners Goes Tew 1974189), Glen «widows hahaa ae 1). ‘on tpt th calc od ee Ie be known hash strony agai Greek sd i ie ey es ae rap, prep ity tee Joung eae places pe, pom in emer ey 1 A one pw woman comments, “Sy he lament propery Sorel Rrme chen page een ie ee caa ay ny Fri Me“ x ts fag P. Eke wapatiher comm nicer tea aa a eee _Alouder and mone matter-of-fact tone: “Quietly! Since, you might say, the pene other mine, Cian fate a Se “he acid spi een tt wa a Seiten suet nay ep eye ees ae Shavers ‘er immediate, since her athe a ot expe hit linen ont here, omdomy godt oes oleh Wercetont sane eure citenae go rey ‘xcepimce of ther socal and erin a Slgifomy for ene ‘ees uv ite cle. That he deceased later wil nee te ay \fyoudel speak ome, i yu, tbl. aking him to speak ober again, however, the ele Uno

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