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1
Chemical Engineering Department, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya,
Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
1ndwinuris@gmail.com
1jogi.abednego@gmail.com
1yenniksp@gmail.com
Abstract. Lately, the consumption of fossil fuel is increase fastly so that is why fossil fuel continue to diminish. Now there
are so many researches to solve problem about the crisis of energy. One of alternative energy that usually used is biodiesel
because the steps to produce biodiesel is easy and simple especially there are so many feedstock that can be converted into
biodiesel that we can get easily. However, many researcher only pay attention to plants oil as the main material to produce
biodiesel but actually animals oil can produce biodisel that has the same quality. In this paper we are going to discuss about
the potentiality of animals oil from wastes fish to produce biodiesel. Wastes fish like head, bones, and fish innards contains
of fish oil. We can get fish oil from extraction process and then fish oil can be converted into FAME by transesterification
process. Besides as a problem solving to solve the crisis of energy, converting wastes fish into biodiesel also has a good
impact to environment because we do not need to throw it to the environment even we can get the benefit if we can convert
wastes fish into biodiesel. the manufacture of fish oil methyl ester not only for big manufacturing but we also can build small
company to make the biodiesel from wastes fish because we can get the feedstock easily like from the household waste.
Fish production in every country is increasing every Utilization of fish waste by changing it becomes
year, for the fish that caught from the sea or fish that biodiesel is the efficient step to waste which produced by
cultivated in places such as ponds, pools, and etc. Marine fish industry. Fish waste such as head, bone, and entrails of
fish or farmed fish is sold for consumption as side dishes fish contain animal fats that can be changed into FAME
and some other are processed first in some industry sectors, (fatty acid methyl ester) or usually called biodiesel. Based
such as fish flouring industry, fish fillets industry, and fish on research Raheman & Phadatare (2004) showed the using
canning industry. Those Industries are exist in countries of biodesel and biodesel blend with diesel can reduce
with high level of fish industry. Those industries absolutely emission of CO and nitrogen oxides for 86.5% and 20%.
will produce former waste production such as head, bone,
Table. 1 Fish Production in some country1]
and entrails of fish. The waste that thrown into environment
CISAK 2015 – Paper Number (Will be replaced with paper registration or alphabetical number if the manuscript is accepted)
No Country Fish production (thousand FAME or fatty acid methyl esters (fatty acid methyl
ton) esters) are vegetable oils, animal fats, or used cooking oil
which is converted through trans-esterification process that
2010 2011 basically reacting the oils with methanol and catalyst NaOH
or KOH. Fame is also called Biodiesel. Biodiesel is a
1 China 36.734 38.261
renewable alternative fuel that cultivated by humans.
2 India 3.786 4.573 Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly fuel due to the
formation of CO2 in the atmosphere is almost not exist. It is
3 Vietnam 2.672 2.846
caused by the result of the burning of biodiesel that will be
4 Indonesia 2.305 2.718 taken back by the plant photosynthesis (carbon cycle).
Besides reducing the greenhouse effect, the use of biodiesel
5 Bangladesh 1.309 1.524 can also improve local air quality by reducing emissions of
harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3),
6 Norway 1.286 1.139
nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), other reactive
7 Thailand 1.008 1.008 hydrocarbons and smoke and particles that can be inhaled.
The use of biodiesel can also reduce land pollution and
8 Egypt 920 987 protect sustainability of water and drinking water sources.
This condition relates to the use of biodiesel in agriculture.
9 Chile 701 955
the advantages which owned by this biodiesel is supported
Because the fish processing industry developed rapidly, by its nature that can be oxygenated perfectly or burned out,
the waste produced will also increase. Fish oil production tontoxic, and biodegradable (can decompose naturally). With
from offal (entrails) amounted to 0.815 kg fish oil gross of the advantages owned by biodiesel, the develop countries are
3.15 kg of fish waste, after purification obtained 65.7% fish very enthusiastic in developing and using biodiesel.
oil from dirty fish oil. Dregs produced after taking fish oil
from fish waste (heads, bones, and the entrails) can be
processed into fish flour. 2. Why fish waste can be converted into biodiesel?
Table. 2 production data of canning fish4] Fish are vertebrates members poikilotermik (cold-blooded)
that live in water and breathe with ingsang. Fish is a group of
Amount production of canning
No Year the most diverse vertebrate species with a number of more than
fish (ton)
27,000 worldwide. Fish is also a source of animal protein is
1 2002 36,913
very good for health. There are many benefits of fish that can
2 2003 28,415
be obtained if consume it regularly. Whatever the type of fish,
3 2004 36,137
because the fats contained in fish is unsaturated fat, this makes
4 2005 49,211
it easy to be digested by the body. The content of nutrients of
5 2006 34,674
fish include of Omega-3 acids, vitamin D and B2 (riboflavin),
6 2007 45,580
calcium, phosphorus and minerals such as iron, zinc, iodine,
magnesium, and potassium.
REFRENCES
Sathivel, S., Priyawiwatkul, W.W., King, J.M., Grimm, C.C., and Lloyd,
S. Oil Production From Catfish Viscera, JAOCS: 80: 377-382. 2003.[2]
Rasyid, A. Isolasi Asam Lemak Tak Jenuh omega-3 dari ikan Lemuru.
Fig 2. Transesterification process8]
Prosiding seminar riptek kelautan nasional. BPPT.2003.[7]
GI : Glyserol DG : Diglycerides
C. Conclusion