LM324 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

QUAD OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIERS

DESCRIPTION
TheLM324 consists of four independent, high
gain internally frequency compensated operational
SOP-14
amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate
from a single power supply over a wide voltage range.
Operation from split power supplies is also possible
so long as the difference between the two supplies 3
Volts to 32 volts.
Application areas include transducer amplifier, DC
gain blocks and all the conventional OP amp circuits
which now can be easily implemented in single power
supply system.
DIP-14
FEATURES
*Internally frequency compensated for unity gain
*Large DC voltage gain :100dB
*Wide operating supply range(Vcc=3V~32V)
*Input common-mode voltage includes ground
*Large output voltage swing: From 0V to Vcc-1.5V
*Power drain suitable for battery operation

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Only one section
Vcc

IN (-)
Output
IN (+)

GND 

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(Ta=25°C)

Characteristic Symbol Value Unit
Supply Voltage Vcc B18 V
Differential input voltage Vi(diff) 32 V
Input Voltage VI -0.3~32V V
Power Dissipation Pd 570 mW
Operating Temperature Topr 0 to +70 °C
Storage Temperature Tstg -65 to 150 °C

1
LM324 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS( Ta=25°C )
(Vcc=5.0V,All voltage referenced to GND unless otherwise specified)
Characteristic Symbol Test Condition Min Typ. Max Unit
Input offset voltage VIO VCM=0 to Vcc-1.5 1.5 7.0 mV
Vo(p)=1.4V,Rs=0
Input offset current IIO 3.0 50 nA
Input Bias current Ib 40 250 nA
Input Common-mode voltage VI(R) Vcc=30V 0 Vcc- V
range 1.5
Supply Current Icc RL=∞,Vcc=30V 1.0 3 mA
Vcc=5V 0.7 1.2 mA
Large signal Voltage Gain GV Vcc=15V,RL>2kΩ 25 100 V/mV
Vo(p)=1V to 11V
V(OH) Vcc=30V,RL=2kΩ 26 V
Output voltage Swing Vcc=30V,RL=10kΩ 27 28 V
V(OL) Vcc=5,RL>10kΩ 5 20 mV
Common-mode rejection Ratio CMRR 65 75 dB
Power supply rejection Ratio PSRR 65 100 dB
Channel Separation CS f=1kHz to 20kHz 5 20 mV
Short circuit to GND Isc 40 60 mA
Isource VI(+)=1V,VI(-)=0 20 40 mA
Vcc=15V,Vo(p)=2V
Output current Isink VI(+)=0V,VI(-)=1V 10 13 mA
Vcc=15V,Vo(p)=2V
VI(+)=1V,VI(-)=0 12 45 µA
Vcc=15V,Vo(p)=200V
Differential input voltage VI(diff) Vcc V

PIN CONFIGURATION

OUT 1 1 14 OUT 4

IN 1(-) 2 13 IN 4(-)

IN 1(+) 3 12 IN 4(+)

VCC 4 11 GND

IN 2(+) 5 10 IN 3(+)

IN 2(-) 6 9 IN 3(-)

OUT 2 7 8 OUT 3

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LM324 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS PERFORMANCE
Fig.1 Input Voltage Range Fig.2 Input Current
15 100

80
Positive
Input voltgae (±V)

10
Vcc=+30V
60

Input current (mA)

Negative
Vcc=+15V
40
5
Vcc=+5V
20

0 0
0 5 10 15 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Supply Voltage (±Vdc) Temperature (k)

Fig.3 Supply Current Fig.4 Voltage Gain

40 160
Vcc
Ic RL=20kΩ

30 120
RL=2kΩ
Supply Current (mA)

Voltgae Gain (dB)

20 80
Ta= 0~+85k

10 40

Ta= -40k
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 7.5 15 22.5 30

Supply Voltage (V) Supply Voltage (V)

Fig.5 Open Loop Frequency response Fig.6 Common-mode rejection Ratio

120 120

Vcc
100 100MΩ 100
0.1µF
Vcc=+7.5V
80 80 Vee=-7.5V
Voltage Gain (dB)

Vin
CMRR (dB)

Vcc/2

+7.5V
60 60
100kΩ

100Ω

40
Vcc=30V
40 100Ω
Vcc=15V Vin

20 100kΩ -7.5V
20

0
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 6
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)

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LM324 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

Fig.7 Fig.8 voltage Follower pulse response

(small signal)
450
Input Voltage (V)

3
RL=2kΩ
2 Vcc=15V
400

Output voltgae (V)

1

350
Output Voltage (V)

300
1

0 275
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time (µs) Time (µs)

Fig.10 Output Characteristics

Fig.9 Large signal Frequency Response
current sourcing
8

7
Ta=25k
15
Output refference Vcc (V)

100k +15V 6
Output swing (Vp-p)

1k Vcc
Vi Vcc/2
+7V 2k 5 Vo

10 Io
4

3
5

0 1
3 4 5 6 -3 -2 -1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 1 10 10
Frequency (Hz) Output Source current (mA)

Fig.11 Output Characteristics Current sinking Fig.12 Current Limiting

10

60
Output Current (mA)

1
Output Voltage (V)

40
Vcc=+5V

-1
Vcc=+15V Vcc
10
Vcc/2 20
Vcc=+30V Vo

Io

0
-3 -2 -1 2
10 10 10 1 10 10 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100

Output Sink Current (mA) Temperature (k)

4