FW 4470 Technical Manual R3.3

FTDG-600-01-41651
FW4470 RELEASE 3.3

TECHNICAL MANUAL
ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 2006
FUJITSU LIMITED
Proprietary Rights Notice
All product or service names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective companies.
This document and its contents are provided by FUJITSU Limited (FUJITSU) for guidance purposes only. This document is
provided “as is” with no warranties or representations whatsoever, either express or implied, including without limitation the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for purpose. FUJITSU does not warrant or represent that the contents of
this document are error free. Furthermore, the contents of this document are subject to update and change at any time
without notice by FUJITSU, since FUJITSU reserves the right, without notice, to make changes in equipment design or
components as progress in engineering methods may warrant. No part of the contents of this document may be copied,
modified, or otherwise reproduced without the express written consent of FUJITSU.
Unpublished work and only distributed under restriction.

Copyright © FUJITSU LIMITED. All Rights Reserved.
FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

FUJITSU and FUJITSU Customer Use Only
Technical Manual Issue 1, September 2006
Before You Begin
BEFORE YOU BEGIN

Read through this manual set carefully and familiarize yourself with the FW4470
equipment before configuring, installing, turning up, performing operation and maintenance
of, and troubleshooting the equipment.
Keep the manual set at hand so that you can refer to it at any time.
Observe the notices and instructions provided in this manual set for your proper and
safety installation, use and maintenance of the equipment.
FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

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Issue 1, September 2006 Technical Manual
Before You Begin
FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

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Contents
Contents
CHAPTER 1 Notes on this Documentation ........................................................... 1-1
1.1 Customer Documentation .......................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Complementary Documents ...................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation ........................................ 1-3
1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings ................................................................................. 1-3
1.3.2 Symbols for Notes ..................................................................................... 1-3
1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs.............................................. 1-3
1.4 Notes on Licensed Software...................................................................... 1-3
1.5 Standard Compliance ................................................................................ 1-3
CHAPTER 2 Introduction ...................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Application Types ...................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Terminal Multiplexer Type ......................................................................... 2-1
2.1.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer Type ........................................................................ 2-2
2.1.3 Local Cross-connect Type ......................................................................... 2-3
CHAPTER 3 Overview of the Main Features ........................................................ 3-1

CHAPTER 4 Network Applications ....................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies ............................................................... 4-1
4.2 Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function ................................................ 4-1
4.3 Ring Network Functionality ........................................................................ 4-2
4.3.1 Single Ring ................................................................................................ 4-2
4.3.2 Multiple Ring Closure ................................................................................ 4-3
4.3.3 Dual Ring Interworking .............................................................................. 4-4
4.4 Data Service Applications.......................................................................... 4-5
4.4.1 Ethernet Private Line (EPL) ....................................................................... 4-5
4.4.2 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL).......................................................... 4-6
4.4.3 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)................................................................... 4-7
4.4.4 Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLan) ..................................................... 4-8
CHAPTER 5 System Description .......................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Subrack ..................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Basic Functions ......................................................................................... 5-2
5.2.1 User Data Interfaces.................................................................................. 5-2
5.2.2 Switch Fabric Functions ............................................................................ 5-3
5.2.3 Multiplex and Mapping Functions .............................................................. 5-4
5.2.4 SDH Overhead Processing Function ......................................................... 5-6
5.3 Ethernet Transparent or Layer 2 Functions ............................................... 5-7
5.4 Clock Pulse Supply, Synchronization ........................................................ 5-7
5.4.1 Available Timing Sources .......................................................................... 5-7
5.4.2 T0 System Clock ....................................................................................... 5-8
5.4.3 Timing Output Interface ............................................................................. 5-9
5.4.4 Real Time Clock ........................................................................................ 5-9
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Contents
5.5 Retiming .................................................................................................... 5-9

5.6 Laser Safety Shut-down ............................................................................ 5-9
5.7 External Alarm Interfaces ........................................................................ 5-10
5.8 Engineering Order Wire ........................................................................... 5-10
5.9 Software/Firmware .................................................................................. 5-10
5.10 Protection Switching ................................................................................ 5-11
5.10.1 Traffic Protection ..................................................................................... 5-11
5.10.2 Hardware Protection................................................................................ 5-16
5.11 Operating Terminal FW 4470 FLEXR-L................................................... 5-16
5.12 Connection to Network Management Systems ........................................ 5-17
CHAPTER 6 Components of the FW 4470 ........................................................... 6-1

6.1 Subrack and Slot Arrangement.................................................................. 6-2
6.2 List of Cards Supported ............................................................................. 6-3
6.3 Power Supply Card: PWR ......................................................................... 6-4
6.4 Fan Tray .................................................................................................... 6-5
6.5 Air Filter ..................................................................................................... 6-5
6.6 System Controller Card: SC ...................................................................... 6-5
6.7 System Management Interface Panel........................................................ 6-6
6.8 Cross-connect and Timing Card: CC ......................................................... 6-8
6.8.1 Cross-connect Architecture and Capacity.................................................. 6-8
6.8.2 Timing Function ......................................................................................... 6-8
6.8.3 CC Card Faceplate and LEDs ................................................................. 6-10
6.9 Optical STM-64 Interface Card: 1× STM-64............................................. 6-10
6.10 Optical STM-16 Interface Card: 1× STM-16............................................. 6-12
6.11 Optical / Electrical STM-4/1 Interface Card: 4× STM-4 / STM-1............... 6-13
6.12 Electrical 155Mbit/s Interface Card: 4× STM-1 EW (W/P), 4× STM-1E EC6-15
6.13 Electrical 34-Mbit/s / 45-Mbit/s Interface Card: 3× E3/DS3 ...................... 6-18
6.14 Electrical 34/45Mbit/s Interface Card: 3× E3/DS3 (W/P), 3× E3/DS3 EC. 6-19
6.15 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface Card: 21× E1/RT .......................................... 6-21
6.16 Gigabit Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Interface Card: 2× GE+8× FE/AE..... 6-22
6.17 Gigabit Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Interface Card: 2× GE+ 8× FE RPRE6-25
6.18 Gigabit Ethernet Interface Card: 2× GE/T ................................................ 6-28
6.19 Fast Ethernet Interface Card: 6× FE/L2, 8× FE/T .................................... 6-30
6.19.1 6× FE/L2 Card ......................................................................................... 6-31
6.19.2 8× FE/T Card........................................................................................... 6-34
6.20 Optical Amplifier Card OA........................................................................ 6-36
CHAPTER 7 System Control and Monitoring ........................................................ 7-1

7.1 Indicating and Operating Elements of the Network Element ...................... 7-2
7.1.1 Operating Devices of the FW 4470............................................................ 7-2
7.1.2 Operating and Display Elements of the Cards ........................................... 7-2
7.2 Control and Monitoring by FLEXR-C Network Management System ......... 7-3
7.2.1 FW 4470 FLEXR-L .................................................................................... 7-3
7.2.2 FLEXR-C ................................................................................................... 7-4
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7.3 Management System Protection................................................................ 7-5

7.4 NE Software .............................................................................................. 7-5
7.4.1 Application Management Module .............................................................. 7-6
7.4.2 Hardware Driver Modules .......................................................................... 7-7
7.4.3 Real-Time Multi-Task Operation System ................................................... 7-7
7.4.4 SNMP Agent.............................................................................................. 7-7
7.4.5 MIB Management Module.......................................................................... 7-8
7.5 Management Protocols and DCC .............................................................. 7-8
CHAPTER 8 Commissioning and Maintenance .................................................... 8-1

8.1 Commissioning .......................................................................................... 8-1
8.2 Maintenance.............................................................................................. 8-1
CHAPTER 9 Technical Data ................................................................................. 9-1

9.1 Traffic Interfaces........................................................................................ 9-1
9.1.1 Optical STM-64 Interfaces ......................................................................... 9-1
9.1.2 Optical STM-16 Interfaces ......................................................................... 9-3
9.1.3 Optical STM-4 Interfaces ........................................................................... 9-8
9.1.4 Optical STM-1 Interfaces ........................................................................... 9-9
9.1.5 Electrical 155Mbit/s Interface................................................................... 9-10
9.1.6 Electrical 45Mbit/s Interface..................................................................... 9-11
9.1.7 Electrical 34Mbit/s Interface..................................................................... 9-12
9.1.8 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interfaces.................................................................... 9-12
9.1.9 Gigabit Ethernet Interface, Optical........................................................... 9-13
9.1.10 Gigabit Ethernet Interface 1000BaseT, Electrical .................................... 9-14
9.1.11 Fast Ethernet Interfaces 100BaseTX, Electrical ...................................... 9-15
9.1.12 Electrical Ethernet Interfaces 10BaseT.................................................... 9-16
9.1.13 OA Interface Performance Specifications ................................................ 9-16
9.2 Control Interfaces .................................................................................... 9-20
9.2.1 SNMP/TCP/IP/Ethernet for Network Management System ..................... 9-20
9.3 Signaling Interfaces ................................................................................. 9-20
9.3.1 Fault Indication and Services Status LEDs .............................................. 9-20
9.3.2 Alarm Contacts........................................................................................ 9-20
9.3.3 MDI/MDO Interfaces for Customer-specific Channels ............................. 9-20
9.4 Interfaces for Network Clock Synchronization ......................................... 9-21
9.4.1 2048-kbit/s Interface ................................................................................ 9-21
9.5 Switching and Delay Times ..................................................................... 9-22
9.5.1 MSPRing Protection Switching ................................................................ 9-22
9.5.2 MSP Line Protection Switching................................................................ 9-22
9.5.3 SNC/I Path Protection Switching ............................................................. 9-22
9.6 Power Supply .......................................................................................... 9-22
9.7 Environmental Conditions........................................................................ 9-23
9.7.1 Climatic Conditions.................................................................................. 9-23
9.7.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC......................................................... 9-24
9.8 Dimensions in mm ................................................................................... 9-24
9.9 Weights in kg........................................................................................... 9-25
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Contents
CHAPTER 10 Abbreviations ............................................................................... 10-1

CHAPTER 11 Index ............................................................................................ 11-1
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Illustrations
Illustrations
Fig. 2.1 Terminal Multiplexer (TMX)..................................................................... 2-2
Fig. 2.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM) ................................................................... 2-3
Fig. 2.3 Local Cross-Connect (LXC) .................................................................... 2-3
Fig. 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Link ....................................................................... 4-1
Fig. 4.2 Add/Drop Function within a Linear Chain................................................ 4-2
Fig. 4.3 Single Ring ............................................................................................. 4-3
Fig. 4.4 Multiple Ring Closure.............................................................................. 4-4
Fig. 4.5 Dual Ring Interworking – Scenario 1....................................................... 4-5
Fig. 4.6 Ethernet Private Line (EPL) .................................................................... 4-6
Fig. 4.7 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) ....................................................... 4-7
Fig. 4.8 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan) ................................................................ 4-8
Fig. 4.9 Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLan)................................................... 4-9
Fig. 5.1 FW 4470 Subrack ................................................................................... 5-1
Fig. 5.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................................................... 5-2
Fig. 5.3 SDH/PDH Multiplex Structures ............................................................... 5-4
Fig. 5.4 Timing Source Selection ......................................................................... 5-7
Fig. 5.5 Example of MS-SPRING for an STM-1 Line ......................................... 5-12
Fig. 5.6 Linear 1+1 MSP, Fault-free Case.......................................................... 5-13
Fig. 5.7 Linear 1+1 MSP, Switch to Protection Line ........................................... 5-13
Fig. 5.8 Example of Path Protection Switching for an STM-1 Line ..................... 5-15
Fig. 5.9 Embedding of FW 4470 NEs in a TMN System .................................... 5-17
Fig. 6.1 Overview of the System Components ..................................................... 6-1
Fig. 6.2 Subrack Slots.......................................................................................... 6-2
Fig. 6.3 Power Card Faceplate ............................................................................ 6-4
Fig. 6.4 Fan Tray Faceplate................................................................................. 6-5
Fig. 6.5 Air Filter Faceplate.................................................................................. 6-5
Fig. 6.6 System Controller (SC) Card Faceplate.................................................. 6-6
Fig. 6.7 System Management Interface Panel ..................................................... 6-6
Fig. 6.8 CC Card Cross-connect Architecture ...................................................... 6-8
Fig. 6.9 CC Card Faceplate............................................................................... 6-10
Fig. 6.10 1× STM-64 Card Faceplate................................................................... 6-11
Fig. 6.11 1× STM-16 Card Faceplate................................................................... 6-12
Fig. 6.12 4× STM-4/1 Card Faceplate.................................................................. 6-14
Fig. 6.13 Functional block diagram of 4× STM-1EW (W/P).................................. 6-16
Fig. 6.14 4× STM-1 EW (W/P) faceplate.............................................................. 6-16
Fig. 6.15 4× STM-1EW EC faceplate ................................................................. 6-17
Fig. 6.16 3× E3/DS3 Card Faceplate ................................................................... 6-18
Fig. 6.17 Functional block diagram of 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) protection module......... 6-19
Fig. 6.18 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) module faceplate ...................................................... 6-20
Fig. 6.19 3× E3/DS3 EC module faceplate ........................................................ 6-20
Fig. 6.20 21× E1/RT Card Retiming function block .............................................. 6-21
Fig. 6.21 21× E1/RT (75 Ohm) Card Faceplate ................................................... 6-22
Fig. 6.22 21× E1/RT (120 Ohm) Card Faceplate ................................................. 6-22
Fig. 6.23 2× GE+8× FE/AE module functional block diagram .............................. 6-23
Fig. 6.24 2× GE+8× FE/AE module faceplate ...................................................... 6-24
Fig. 6.25 2× GE+8× FE RPR module functional block diagram............................ 6-26
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Illustrations
Fig. 6.26 2× GE+8× FE RPRE module faceplate ................................................. 6-27

Fig. 6.27 2× GE/T Card Functional Block Diagram .............................................. 6-29
Fig. 6.28 2× GE/T Card Faceplate ....................................................................... 6-29
Fig. 6.29 6× FE/L2 Card Functional Block Diagram ............................................. 6-32
Fig. 6.30 6× FE/L2 Card Faceplate ...................................................................... 6-32
Fig. 6.31 8× FE/T Card Functional Block Diagram............................................... 6-35
Fig. 6.32 8× FE/T Card Faceplate........................................................................ 6-35
Fig. 6.33 OA Module Functional Building Block Diagram..................................... 6-36
Fig. 6.34 OA Card Faceplate ............................................................................... 6-38
Fig. 7.1 Embedding of FW 4470 NEs in a TMN System ...................................... 7-3
Fig. 7.2 FW 4470 Software Architecture .............................................................. 7-6
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Tables
Tables
Tab. 5.1 User Interfaces ........................................................................................ 5-3
Tab. 5.2 SDH Overhead Process Function............................................................ 5-7
Tab. 6.1 Subrack Slot Arrangement and Allowable Cards ..................................... 6-3
Tab. 6.2 Overview of FW 4470 Release 3.3 Cards................................................ 6-4
Tab. 6.3 Power Card LEDs.................................................................................... 6-5
Tab. 6.4 SC Card LEDs ......................................................................................... 6-6
Tab. 6.5 System Management Interface Panel Interfaces ..................................... 6-7
Tab. 6.6 System Management Interface Panel LEDs ............................................ 6-7
Tab. 6.7 CC Card LEDs....................................................................................... 6-10
Tab. 6.8 1× STM-64 Card External Interfaces...................................................... 6-11
Tab. 6.9 1× STM-64 Card LEDs .......................................................................... 6-11
Tab. 6.10 1× STM-16 Card External Interfaces...................................................... 6-13
Tab. 6.11 1× STM-16 Card LEDs .......................................................................... 6-13
Tab. 6.12 4× STM-4/1 Card External Interfaces..................................................... 6-14
Tab. 6.13 4× STM-4/1 Card LEDs ......................................................................... 6-15
Tab. 6.14 4× STM-1EW (W/P) allowable slots....................................................... 6-16
Tab. 6.15 External interfaces of 4× STM-1EW line interface module ..................... 6-17
Tab. 6.16 4× STM-1EW interface module LEDs .................................................... 6-17
Tab. 6.17 3× E3/DS3 Card External Interfaces ...................................................... 6-18
Tab. 6.18 3× E3/DS3 Card LEDs........................................................................... 6-18
Tab. 6.19 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) allowable slots ........................................................... 6-19
Tab. 6.20 3× E3/DS3 module external module ...................................................... 6-20
Tab. 6.21 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) module LEDs............................................................. 6-20
Tab. 6.22 21× E1/RT Card External Interface........................................................ 6-22
Tab. 6.23 2× GE+8× FE/AE module external interfaces ........................................ 6-24
Tab. 6.24 2× GE+8× FE/AE module external interfaces ........................................ 6-25
Tab. 6.25 2× GE+8× FE/AE module LEDs............................................................. 6-25
Tab. 6.26 2× GE+8× FE RPRE module external interfaces ................................... 6-28
Tab. 6.27 RJ45 Ethernet interface pin assignment ................................................ 6-28
Tab. 6.28 2× GE+8× FE RPRE module LEDs........................................................ 6-28
Tab. 6.29 2× GE/T Card GE Interfaces.................................................................. 6-30
Tab. 6.30 2× GE/T Card LEDs............................................................................... 6-30
Tab. 6.31 6× FE/L2 Card Ethernet Interfaces ........................................................ 6-33
Tab. 6.32 6× FE/L2 Card LEDs.............................................................................. 6-34
Tab. 6.33 8× FE/T Card Ethernet Interfaces .......................................................... 6-35
Tab. 6.34 8× FE/T Card LEDs ............................................................................... 6-35
Tab. 6.35 OA Card Safety Procedures .................................................................. 6-38
Tab. 6.36 OA Card External Interface.................................................................... 6-38
Tab. 6.37 OA Card LEDs....................................................................................... 6-39
Tab. 9.1 STM-64 Port 1300nm / 1550nm............................................................... 9-2
Tab. 9.2 Optical Performance of Optical Transceiver SFP at rate of 2.5Gbps ....... 9-3
Tab. 9.3 Optical Performance of Ultra Long Haul SFP at rate of 2.5Gbps ............. 9-4
Tab. 9.4 Optical Performance of Multi-rate CWDM SFP ........................................ 9-5
Tab. 9.5 Optical Performance of Multi-rate DWDM SFP ........................................ 9-6
Tab. 9.6 Multi-rate DWDM SFP wavelength table.................................................. 9-7
Tab. 9.7 Multi-rate CWDM SFP wavelength table.................................................. 9-7
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Tables
Tab. 9.8 Optical Performance of Optical Transceiver SFP at rate of 622Mbps ...... 9-8
Tab. 9.9 Optical Performance of Optical Transceiver SFP at rate of 155Mbps ...... 9-9
Tab. 9.10 155 520 kbit/s electrical interface parameters........................................ 9-10
Tab. 9.11 44 736 kbit/s electrical interface parameters.......................................... 9-11
Tab. 9.12 34 368 kbit/s electrical interface parameters.......................................... 9-12
Tab. 9.13 Optical Performance of Optical Transceiver SFP at rate of GE/1.25Gbps . 9-
13
Tab. 9.14 Gigabit Ethernet Traffic Interface (1000BaseT)...................................... 9-14
Tab. 9.15 Fast Ethernet Traffic Interface (100BaseTX) ......................................... 9-15
Tab. 9.16 EDFA absolute ratings........................................................................... 9-16
Tab. 9.17 EDFA reliability and standards requirements ......................................... 9-16
Tab. 9.18 General requirements for Erbium-doped fiber amplifier ......................... 9-17
Tab. 9.19 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Booster .......... 9-18
Tab. 9.20 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Preamplifier ... 9-19
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CHAPTER 1
Notes on this Documentation
CHAPTER 1
1.1 Customer Documentation
The Customer Documentation of the FW 4470 comprises the following descriptions and
manuals:
• Technical Manual
The Technical Manual gives an overview of the application, performance features,
interfaces and functions of the FW 4470. It also contains the most important technical
data.
i The Technical Description does not contain any instructions to be carried out.
• Installation & Testing Guide

The Installation and Test Manual contains instructions on mounting, connecting, and
commissioning the FW 4470, and connecting and commissioning the FLEXR-L
operating terminals.
• Troubleshooting Manual
The Troubleshooting Manual provides information about the alarm list FW4470 supports
and troubleshooting procedures.
• FLEXR-L User Manual

The FLEXR-L User Manual provides information about the FLEXR-L (features,
configuration, installation, etc.) and how to operate, monitor and maintain the FW 4470
using the Element Manager software (Application Software) running on the FLEXR-L.
Besides the User Operation Manual, the Online Help of the FW software is of high
i
importance for the operator.
1.2 Complementary Documents

In addition to the FW 4470 customer documentation listed in Chapter 1.1, there is further
documentation:
• FW 4470 Release Note
FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

FUJITSU and FUJITSU Customer Use Only 1-1
CHAPTER 1
This document identifies the specific version of the FW 4470 and provides information
on HW, SW, FLEXR-L components and the limitations of the release as well as
important notes concerning the customer documentation.
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CHAPTER 1
1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation
1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings

This symbol identifies notes which, if ignored, can result in personal injury or in permanent
! damage to the equipment.
1.3.2 Symbols for Notes
i Information which extends beyond the immediate context.
Cross reference to other chapters in this manual or reference to other manuals.
Help Reference to the online help system of the Element Manager software.
1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs

Menu options from pop-up menus or inputs to be made by the user (texts, commands) are
displayed consecutively in their hierarchical sequence in pointed brackets:
<Menu> <Menu item> <Command text> <Parameter> etc.
1.4 Notes on Licensed Software

This documentation refers to software products which were taken over from other companies
as licenses.
Should problems arise, you should contact FUJITSU as the licensee and not the relevant
licenser.
1.5 Standard Compliance

The FW 4470 is in compliance with the following standards (as applicable):
Electronic Industry Association (EIA)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

– IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LANs
– IEEE 802.1p Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering
– IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Access Method
International Telecommunication Union–Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

Recommendations
– G.703 Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchical Digital Interfaces
– G.7041/Y1303 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
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– G.7042/Y1305 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) for Virtual Concatenated

Signals
– G.707/Y1322 Network Node Interface for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
– G.774 SDH Management Information Model for Network Element View
– G.781 Synchronization Layer Functions
– G.783 Characteristics of Synchronization Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment
Functional Blocks
– G.784 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Management
– G.803 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Transport Network Architecture
– G.813 Timing Characteristics of SDH Equipment Slave Clocks (SEC)
– G.823 Control Of Jitter and Wander within Digital Networks which are Based On
The 2048 Kbit/s Hierarchy
– G.825 “The Control of Jitter and Wander Within Digital Networks which are
based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)”
– G.826 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives For International,
Constant Bit-Rate Digital Paths At Or Above The Primary Rate
– G.828 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives For International,
Constant Bit Rate Synchronous Digital Paths
– G.829 Error Performance Events for SDH Multiplex and Regenerator Sections
– G.831 Management Capabilities Of Transport Networks Based on the
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
– G.841 Types and Characteristics of SDH Network Protection Architectures
– G.842 Interworking of SDH Network Protection Architecture
– G.957 Optical Interfaces for Equipment and System Relating to the
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
– G.958 Digital Line Systems Based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy for Use
on Optical Fibre Cables
– G.691 Optical Interfaces for Single-Channel STM-64, STM-256, and Other SDH
Systems with Optical Amplifiers
– G.664 Optical Safety Procedures and Requirements for Optical Transport
System
– M.3010 Principles for a Telecommunications Management Network.
– M.3300 TMN F Interface Requirements
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CHAPTER 2
Introduction
CHAPTER 2
Introduction
FW 4470 is a multi-service provisioning platform with add/drop, terminal and cross-connect

functionality for universal installation at all network levels.
All applications can be implemented using one Main Shelf with four Extension Shelves.
Reconfiguration during operation is possible.
FW 4470 transports data signals and standard voice based traffic over one single platform.
For transporting data in the most economic way, the FW 4x70 product line combines
technologies such as Generic Framing Procedure (GFP), Link Capacity Assignment Scheme
(LCAS), and Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) with the reliability and robustness of SDH
networks and a quality of service.
FW 4470 network elements provide full cross-connectivity between all interfaces. The
capacity of the switching network is up to 448 x 448 STM-1-equivalents. This applies to the
VC-4 layer and to all cross-connection types (unidirectional, bidirectional and broadcast).
FW 4470 can be used as TMX (terminal multiplexer), ADM (add/drop multiplexer) or LXC
(local cross-connect) in multiservice transport and aggregation/switching network
applications.
”State-of-the-art” protection switching mechanisms are supported to enable an optimum

network with the very highest reliability possible – depending on the relevant network
topology and the requirements of the network operator, see Chapter 5.10.
One single FW 4470 main shelf supports maximum four FW 4370 Extension Shelves (R4.1)
which make it available to support 1176× 2Mbit/s interfaces add/drop in one platform
simultaneously.
For detailed information about the features of FW 4470 see Chapter 3.
2.1 Application Types

In Chapters 2.1.1 to 2.1.3, an overview on usage of the FW 4470 is provided.
2.1.1 Terminal Multiplexer Type
The FW 4470 terminal multiplexer (TMX type) can be used e.g. for point-to-point
connections or as feeder terminal for traffic aggregation to core networks.
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CHAPTER 2
Introduction
155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/

622 Mbit/s (STM-4)/
2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16)/
10 Gbit/s (STM-64)
NE
155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/

622 Mbit/s (STM-4)/
2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16)/
10 Gbit/s (STM-64)
2 Mbit/s (PDH)
34/45 Mbit/s (PDH)
155 Mbit/s (STM-1, opt.)
2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16, opt.)
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Fig. 2.1 Terminal Multiplexer (TMX)
The terminal multiplexer (Fig. 2.1) is equipped with a switching network thus provides cross-
connectivity between all available line and tributary interfaces on levels VC-4, VC-3 and VC-
12, as well as Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
The capacity of the HO switching network is 448 × 448 VC-4s (STM-1s) and the capacity of
the LO switching network is 2016 × 2016 VC-12s.
The FW 4470 support multiple line interfaces for star topology. For examples:
− Simultaneously support 4× STM-64 and 4× STM-16 line interfaces, or
− Simultaneously support 8× STM-16 line interfaces, or
− Simultaneously support 4× STM-16 and 16× STM-4 (or 16× STM-1) line interfaces, or
− Simultaneously support 1176× 2Mbit/s (via four FW 4370 Extension Shelves R4.0)
In addition to the TMX functionality also tributary to tributary connectivity is possible.
2.1.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer Type
The FW 4470 add/drop multiplexer (ADM type) provides add and drop functionality for the
tributary traffic to aggregate 155 Mbit/s, 622 Mbit/s, 2.5 Gbit/s, or 10 Gbit/s line side (Fig.
2.2).
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Introduction
West East
NE
155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/ 155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/

2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16)/ 2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16)/
10 Gbit/s (STM-64) 10 Gbit/s (STM-64)
2 Mbit/s (PDH)
34/45 Mbit/s (PDH)
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Fig. 2.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
The add/drop multiplexer type is equipped with a switching network thus provides cross-
connectivity between all line and tributary interfaces on VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 level.
The FW 4470 supports multiple ring termination on a signal NE.
In addition to the ADM functionality tributary-to-tributary connectivity is also possible.
2.1.3 Local Cross-connect Type
The FW 4470 can be used as local cross-connect (LXC) (Fig. 2.3).

…

2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16)/ 2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16)/
10 Gbit/s (STM-64) 10 Gbit/s (STM-64)
2 Mbit/s (PDH)
34/45 Mbit/s (PDH)
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Fig. 2.3 Local Cross-Connect (LXC)
The local cross-connect type provides full cross-connectivity for line-to-line, line-to-tributary
and tributary-to-tributary connections.
This is valid for the layers VC-4, VC-3 and VC-12 and cross-connection types (unidirectional,
bi-directional and broadcast).
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Overview of the Main Features
CHAPTER 3
Subrack Type
− Double-row subrack with 16 traffic interface slots
Switch Matrix
− Fully non-blocking switching matrix 70 Gbit/s switching capacity with VC-4 granularity
and 5G switching capacity with VC-12 granularity
Interface Types
− STM-64 optical interface (1 per card)
− STM-1 electrical interface (4 per card)
− 2 Mbit/s electrical interfaces (21 per card in FW 4470 main shelf)
− 34/45 Mbit/s electrical interfaces (3 per card)
− 10/100BaseT electrical interfaces: (2, 6, or 8 per card)
− Gigabit Ethernet optical interface (2 per card)
− Gigabit Ethernet electrical interface (2 per card)
NE features
− Virtual Concatenation (VC-12, VC-3, VC-4)
− Link Capacity Adjust Scheme (VC-12, VC-3, VC-4)
− G.813 (1) internal oscillator
− STM-N line timing
− Transparent DCC (MS/RS)
− Near end performance monitoring
− Far end performance monitoring
− Automatic Software downloads
− Auto link detection
− Engineering order wire (EOW)
Protection
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− MSP (1+1) for STM-1, 4, 16 and 64

− 1+1 protection of switching matrices
− SNC/I for VC-12/VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-4c/VC-4-16c
− 2-fiber and multiple 2-fiber shared ring protection for STM-4,16 and 64
− Dual Node Ring Inter-working Protection (DNI) between two MS-SPRing
Ethernet Functionality
− Generic Framing Procedure GFP-F (ITU-T G.7041)
− MAC Self Learning
− MAC address aging time configurable
− IEEE 802.1Q or double-tag VLAN tag/de-tagging, filtering and forwarding
− Per port rate limiting function per port or per VLAN
− IEEE 802.1p QoS/CoS based on Ethernet port and/or VLAN
− Broadcast suppress
− Multicast configuration - Static
− Ethernet flow control and traffic shaping adjustable in steps of 1Kbit/s for FE traffic
and 64Kbit/s for GE traffic
FLEXR-C Embedding
− Element management by FW 4470 FLEXR-L
− Service/Network/Element management by FLEXR-C and FLEXR-C-Core
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Network Applications
CHAPTER 4
The network elements can be used in a straightforward way of creating point-to-point
connections, linear chain configurations and ring configurations.
According to requirements, equipping for the following application scenarios is possible:
– Terminal-to-terminal topologies (see 4.1)
– Linear topologies with add/drop function (chains) (see 4.2)
– Ring network functionality (see 4.3)
– Date service application (see 4.4)
4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies

Terminal-to-terminal links are supported by FW 4470 network elements in TMX application,
with the option of 1+1 MSP for STM-1, STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64 interfaces.
Fig. 4.1 shows a straightforward point to point network with one TMX at the transmitting end
and another at the receiving end. It is using a MSP protection switching.
STM-1/
STM-4/
STM-16/
STM-64 Working
NE Line NE
STM-1/ Protection
STM-4/
STM-16/
STM-64
Tributary Tributary
interfaces interfaces
Fig. 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Link
At the TMX, the client equipment is connected to the TMX through the tributary interfaces
(TDM or data traffic).
The use of MSP between the NEs is preferred for redundancy reasons but not mandatory.
4.2 Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function

Linear chains are supported by FW 4470 network elements in the ADM application, with the
option of 1+1 MSP for STM-1, STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64 interfaces.
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Fig. 4.2 shows an example for an application with MSP protection switching.
STM-1/ STM-1/
STM-4/ STM-4/
STM-16/ STM-16/
STM-64 Working STM-64 Working
NE Line NE Line NE
Protection STM-1/ Protection
STM-1/
STM-4/ STM-4/
STM-16/ STM-16/
STM-64 STM-64
Tributary Tributary Tributary

interfaces interfaces interfaces
Fig. 4.2 Add/Drop Function within a Linear Chain
An ADM is normally used at an intermediate site to add/drop client traffic. In Fig. 4.2, an
ADM is located in between two TMXs. At the ADM, selected traffic is added/dropped at VC-4
or VC-12 level; through connected traffic transparently passed through.
The use of MSP between the NEs is preferred for redundancy reasons but not mandatory.
4.3 Ring Network Functionality

FW 4470 supports various ring topologies including single ring, multiple ring closure and dual
ring interworking.
4.3.1 Single Ring

The line speed of FW 4470 single ring could be STM64/STM16/STM4/STM1. Normally, the
maximum nodes in a single ring are 16 which depend on the different protection scheme and
the fiber distance.
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NE
NE NE
Tributary
interfaces
NE
Fig. 4.3 Single Ring
4.3.2 Multiple Ring Closure

A single FW 4470 network element (NE) can interconnect two or more FW 4470 rings
working at the different or same line speeds. Fig. 4.4 shows 2 rings closed on a single FW
4470 NE scenario.
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NE NE
2 fiber ring 2 fiber ring

NE NE NE
STM-64/16/4/1 STM-64/16/4/1
Tributary
interfaces
NE NE
Fig. 4.4 Multiple Ring Closure
4.3.3 Dual Ring Interworking

Two FW 4470 rings working at different or the same line speeds can be interconnected and
protected by the Dual Node Ring Interworking (DNI) protection mechanism as depicted in
Fig. 4.5.
A FW 4470 ring can also be dual interconnected with other FW rings such as FW4270 or
FW4070 rings to provide increased network reliability for inter-ring traffic.
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NE NE
NE NE
NE 2 fiber ring 2 fiber ring NE

STM-64/16/4/1 STM-64/16/4/1
NE NE
Tributary
interfaces
NE NE
Fig. 4.5 Dual Ring Interworking – Scenario 1
4.4 Data Service Applications

FW 4470 provides data transport over SDH, and offers various data applications in addition
to traditional TDM applications.
The FW 4470 system supports the following FE data transmission services:

– Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
– Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)
– Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)
– Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLan)
4.4.1 Ethernet Private Line (EPL)

FW 4470 Ethernet Private Line Service offers dedicated, point-to-point Ethernet connectivity
at Fast Ethernet (10 Mbps or 100 Mbps) and Gigabit Ethernet rate (1000 Mbps).
The EPL can be used to support applications such as LAN-to-LAN connectivity, storage area
networking, Internet access, or disaster recovery solutions.
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FE
8× WAN Ports
NE 8× FE/T
VC-12-xV
or
VC-3-xV 8×LAN Ports (FE)
FE
NE NE GE
2× WAN Ports
NE VC-4-xV
or 2× GE/T
VC-3-xV
GE 2×LAN Ports (GE)
Fig. 4.6 Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
4.4.2 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)

For the Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL), the customer still gets point-to-point
connectivity, but over shared instead of dedicated bandwidth. Each node has the layer 2
switching capabilities to provide statistics multiplexing, per VLAN control and STP function,
and Ethernet based rate limiting per VLAN or port.
The EVPL is useful when creating hub-and-spoke architectures in which multiple remote
offices all require access to a headquarters or multiple customers all require access to an
ISP’s POP (point of presence).
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32× WAN ports

GE FE VC-4-Xv
or
VC-12-Xv
2GE+8× FE/A
NE
VC-4-Xv 2×GE+8×FE (Client)
Headquarter
VC-12-Xv
FE
Remote
NE Office 1
Remote
Office 2 NE
2× WAN ports
VC-12-Xv
6× FE/L2
NE
6×FE (Client)
Fig. 4.7 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)
4.4.3 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)

The Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan) service provides multipoint connectivity over dedicated
bandwidth, i.e., it may connect two or more subscribers (customer). Subscriber data sent
from one customer can be received at one or more of the other customers. Each site
(customer) is connected to a multipoint-to-multipoint EVC and uses dedicated resources so
different customers’ Ethernet frames are not multiplexed together. As new sites (customers)
are added, they are connected to the same multipoint EVC thus simplifying provisioning and
service activation. From a subscriber standpoint, an EPLan makes the MSTP network look
like a LAN.
EPlan (Ethernet Private LAN) architecture differs from EPL in that rather than use a
predefined mapping between VLAN tags and link connections, the operator’s network
equipment, uses Ethernet switching (i.e. Bridge learning) to pass Ethernet frames to the
appropriate link. However it is difficult to guarantee performance as network Ethernet
switching introduces additional latency and probability of increased packet loss.
FW 4470 brings multiple WAN interfaces into layer 2 switching; customer service can be
delivered through dedicated VCGs with little latency and little packet loss. The WAN
interfaces can be provisioned individually using the FLEXR-C.
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FE FE GE
32× WAN ports
NE 2GE+8× FE/A
2×GE+8×FE (Client)
FE FE
NE Multipoint to Multipoint
NE
FE FE
EVC
2× WAN ports
NE 6× FE/L2
6×FE (Client)
GEFE FE
Fig. 4.8 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)
4.4.4 Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLan)

The Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLan) has gone by many names over the past two
years, from Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) to Transparent LAN Service (TLS), to Virtual
Private Switched Network (VPSN). Regardless of how it is termed, the EVPLan is a network
service providing Layer 2 multipoint connectivity between Ethernet edge devices. Customer
separation is accomplished via encapsulation or Ethernet virtual connections.
The EVPLan is designed as the most cost-effective service for the carrier, as it can leverage
shared transmission bandwidth in the network. Because it is a multipoint service, it can be
complex to administer. Customer service separation by Provider VLAN tags is not likely to be
sufficient because of the limited address space of Provider VLANs IDs (only 4096) and
hence other service delivery technologies providing customer frame encapsulation must be
used such as MPLS, MAC-in-MAC and RPR.
By merging resilient packet ring (RPR) technology with VC, the generic framing procedure
(GFP), and Multi-Service Transport Platform (MSTP), FW 4470 can add statistical
multiplexing and traffic engineering to the VC-enabled MSTP equipment. The 2× GE+ 8× FE
RPR cards will encapsulate the RPR frames to the GFP frames ; the GFP frames then are
mapped into a virtual concatenation group VC-4-Xv (X= 1 to 8) ; connect the consecutive
WANs of these VC-4-Xvs in the MSSPRing ; The RPR would be provisioning over SDH.
In RPR, three classes of services (high, medium, low) defined by IEEE 802.17 are
transmitted over the ring architecture.
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RPR has the following features: auto-negotiation, flow control, rate limiting, spatial reuse,
source weighted fairness and protection.
FE GE
.....
2× WAN Ports
RPR Tunnel
VC-4-Xv (X=1 to 8)
NE
2×GE+ 8 × FE RPR
LAN Ports
(2×GE+ 8 × FE)
FE FE
.....
.....
NE NE
GE GE
NE
.....
FE GE
Fig. 4.9 Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLan)
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System Description
CHAPTER 5
System Description
The following sub-chapters give a functional and technical overview of the main features of
FW 4470 except the physically interfaces. For more information about hardware relevant
features please refer to Chapter CHAPTER 6.
5.1 Subrack
The FW 4470 subrack physical appearance is shown below.
The subrack is 13 RU high and the physical dimensions are 447mm (W) × 566.3 mm (H) ×
299 mm (D). It is designed to fit ETSI, EIA 300 and NEBS requirements.
The system racks used comply with the dimensions recommended by ETSI (European
Telecommunications Standards Institute): W = 600 mm, H = 2200 mm and D = 300 mm
(ETS 300 119).
Up to two FW 4470 subracks can be installed into a 2200mm or 2600 mm high ETSI rack or
an EIA 310 19” rack. The space between the two adjective subracks should be at least 5-
rack-units apart.
Fig. 5.1 FW 4470 Subrack
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5.2 Basic Functions

Fig. 5.2 shows the basic functional structure of FW 4470.
PhotonicVision™ SNM/ External Timing

PhotonicVision™ SNM LCT Output Input
System Controller Timing controller Maintenance Panel
Tributary
interfaces
Line interfaces
East
PDH
Interface
STM-64/16/4/1
Interface
VC Mapping
MS Overhead Process
RS Overhead Process
RPR
Ethernet HOCC/LOCC
Interface
GFP
L2
Line interfaces
Switching
West
STM-64/16/4/1
STM-1/4/16 RS OH MS OH Interface
Interface Process Process
Fig. 5.2 Functional Block Diagram
On the line side, the send/receive modules (SDH) carry out the conversion to
optical/electrical signals. The SDH cards can be equipped with various transceiver modules
(SFP or transceiver modules) in several distance variants up to 10 Gbit/s.
On the tributary side, the FW 4470 supports various PDH, Ethernet, and STM-N interfaces.
The central element of FW 4470 includes system controller, cross-connect matrix, timing
controller, and maintenance panel.
5.2.1 User Data Interfaces

FW 4470 can be equipped with the following interfaces (line and tributary signals):
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System Description
Interface Type Bit Rate Connection Ports per Card

SDH 10 Gbit/s (STM-64) Optical 1 (bidirectional)
SDH 2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16) Optical 1 (bidirectional)
SDH 622 Mbit/s (STM-4) Optical 4 (bidirectional)
SDH 155 Mbit/s (STM-1) Optical/electrical 4 (bidirectional)
PDH 34 Mbit/s or 45 Mbit/s Electrical 3 (bidirectional)
PDH 2 Mbit/s Electrical 21 (bidirectional)
Ethernet 1000BaseSX/LX Optical 2 (full duplex)
Ethernet 1000Base T Electrical 2 (full duplex)
Ethernet 10/100BaseTx Electrical 2, 6, or 8 (full duplex)
Optical Amplifier based on client bit rate Optical 1 (bidirectional)
Tab. 5.1 User Interfaces
5.2.2 Switch Fabric Functions

The switching device provides high order and low order switching at the same time.
In the switch matrix, SNCP is implemented for each VC-4/VC3/VC12 switching hierarchy and
input signal. The configuration of the switch matrix and SNCP is done by software support.
Capacity of the Cross-connect Matrix

The cross-connect cards have the following cross-connection capacity:
HOCC: 70G (448 × 448 VC-4s)
LOCC: 5G (2016 × 2016 VC-12s, or 32 × 32 VC-4 equivalents)
Cross-connection
All types of cross-connections are possible. The switch matrix is a non-blocking square
structured matrix for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.
Granularity
The configurable and simultaneously usable switching hierarchies of the matrix are VC-4,
VC-3, and VC-12.
HO and LO VC-n Connectivity

The switching matrix allows the following connections:
− Unidirectional connections
− Unidirectional point-to-multipoint (including 1+1 SNC head end)
− Bi-directional connections
− Broadcasting (1Æ m, with m unlimited)
− Drop and continue (broadcast 1 Æ 2 + SNCP tail end)
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System Description
− Selector 2 Æ 1 (protected tail end for 1+1 SNCP)
Concatenation
Virtual concatenated VC-12, VC-3 and VC-4 signals are supported. Protection switching for
virtual concatenated signals VC-4 VC-3 and VC-12 is also supported. The group of
constituent paths that belong to a concatenated signal is determined by the
Telecommunication Network Management and written to an internal configuration table.
Using this information, the FW 4470 software is able to set signal fail or signal degrade
alarms for all paths of a concatenated signal channel. In order to keep the (differential) delay
of the signals low, all constituent paths of a concatenated signal must be on the same optical
trail; it results in a bundling rule for the Telecommunication Network Management.
5.2.3 Multiplex and Mapping Functions

The FW 4470 transmits SDH and PDH signals. Fig. 5.3 shows the organization and
relationship of SDH and PDH multiplex structures.
Chapter 9.1 summarizes the possible user data interfaces for FW 4470 NEs.
SDH PDH
Nx
STM-N AUG AU-4 VC-4
N = 1, 4, 16, or 64
3x
D34 34 Mbit/s
1x
TUG-3 TU-3 VC-3 C-3
D45 45 Mbit/s
7x
TUG-2
3x
TU-12 VC-12 C-12 D2 2 Mbit/s
Fig. 5.3 SDH/PDH Multiplex Structures
5.2.3.1 SDH HO/LO Multiplexer and Mapping Functions

The FW 4470 implements the following HO/LO multiplexing and mapping methods:
− VC-4 containers are aligned (with frame offset information) with an AU-4, according to
ITU-T G.707. The AU-4 may further be mapped via AUG-1 into STM-1 or via AUG-
1and AUG-4 into STM-4.
− VC-3 containers are aligned (with frame offset information) with a TU-3, according to
ITU-T G.707. The TU-3 is further mapped via TUG-3 into VC-4.
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System Description
− VC-12 containers are aligned (with frame offset information) with a TU-12, according
to ITU-T G.707. The TU-12 is further mapped via TUG-2 and TUG-3 into VC-4.
5.2.3.2 PDH Mapping into SDH Containers

The FW 4470 implements the following mapping of PDH signals on SDH containers:
− 2-Mbit/s signals are mapped into a VC-12 asynchronously, according to ITU-T G.707.
The VC-12 is further mapped on a VC-4, via TU-12, TUG-2 and TUG-3.
− 34-Mbit/s and 45 Mbit/s signals are mapped into a VC-3 asynchronously, according to
ITU-T G.707. The VC-3 is further mapped on a VC-4, via TU-3 and TUG-3.
5.2.3.3 Ethernet Packet Multiplexer and Mapping Functions

The FW 4470 supports Ethernet frame mapping into SDH containers. So LAN traffic can be
transported over different SDH payload sizes (requires encapsulation by using an
appropriate protocol and mapping of the resulting frame into a SDH container).
For encapsulation, the Generic Framing Procedure (GFP-F according to ITU-T G.7041)
protocol is used. The encapsulated protocol frames can be mapped into different SDH
containers using the virtual concatenation technique.
Ethernet Mapping into SDH Containers

FW 4470 supports a flexible mapping scheme:
Ethernet Mapping into HO virtually concatenated Containers

The Gigabit Ethernet (GE) interface cards support this mapping function. Encapsulated GFP-
F frames can be mapped into different High Order container sizes providing a scalable
solution that can cover network applications with very different transport capacity
requirements.
− Mapping into VC-4, VC-4-nv (n = 2 to 7). Virtual concatenation for VC-4.
Ethernet Mapping into LO virtually concatenated Containers

Encapsulated GFP-F frames can be mapped into different Low Order container sizes
providing a scalable solution that can cover network applications with very different transport
capacity requirements.
− Mapping into VC12, VC-12-Xv (X = 1 to 46).
− Mapping into VC3, VC-3-Xv (x=1 to 3 or 21);
This mapping function is supported for the Fast Ethernet ports and Gigabit Ethernet ports.
While the VC-3-Xv is used for 8FE/T and 6FE/L2 cards the x should be 1 to 3, as well as it is
i
1 to 21 used for GE/T cards.
GFP-F Mapping
The Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) is supported by the Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
Ethernet interfaces.
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GFP provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signals over an
octet synchronous transport network. This is a simple and robust encapsulation method for
packet traffic. All of the relevant MAC layer information, from destination address through
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) included, is preserved intact by the mapping.
The FW 4470 uses a PDU-oriented, frame-mapped adaptation mode (GFP-F) for client
signal adaptation.
GFP-F does not rely on flag characters and associated control escape octet for frame
delineation purposes as HDLC does. Instead, GFP-F uses a variation of the HEC-based
(Header Error Control) frame delineation mechanism defined for Asynchronous Transfer
Mode (ATM). This avoids non-deterministic expansion of the client signal due to insertion of
control escape characters.
5.2.4 SDH Overhead Processing Function

The FW 4470 supports the following SDH overhead process:
SDH Overhead Name Description FW 4470 Supported
A1, A2 Framing Bytes 3
J0 Regenerator Section Trace 3
B1 Regenerator Section BIP-8 3
RS-OH
E1 Regenerator Section Order wire 3
F1 Regenerator Section User Channel 3
D1~D3 Section DCC 3
B2 BIP-N×24 3
K1, K2 (b1~b5) APS 3
K2 (b6~b8) MS-RDI 3
MS-OH D4~D12 Multiplex Section DCC 3
S1 Synchronous Status 3
M0, M1 MS-REI 3
E2 Line Orderwire 3
J1 Path Trace 3
B3 Path BIP-8 3
C2 Path Signal Label 3
G1 Path Status 3
F2 Path User Channel
VC-4-Xc/VC-
H4 Position and Sequence Indicator 3
4/VC-3 POH
F3 Path User Channel
K3 (b1~b4) APS
K3 (b5~b6) Spare
K3 (b7~b8) Data link
N1 Network Operator Byte
VC-2/VC-1 V5 (b1~b2) BIP-2 3
POH V5 (b3) LP-REI 3
V5 (b4) LP-RFI 3
V5 (b5~b7) Signal Label 3
V5 (b8) LP-RDI 3
J2 Path Trace 3
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SDH Overhead Name Description FW 4470 Supported

N2 Network Operator Byte
K4 (b1) Extension Signal Label 3
K4 (b2) Virtual Concatenation ID 3
K4 (b3~b8) Reserved
Tab. 5.2 SDH Overhead Process Function
5.3 Ethernet Transparent or Layer 2 Functions

The FW 4470 supports Ethernet data transparent transmission and Layer 2 functions as
follows:
− FE port auto negotiation, flow control, IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame structure
− Ethernet performance monitoring and alarms
− VLAN and double VLAN tagging
− Access Control List (ACL) based on MAC addresses
− Rapid Spanning Tree (802.1w)
− Layer 2 multicast functions including static provisioned multicast and IGMP Snooping
multicasting functions; (HOCC: 1 to 4 and LOCC: 1 to 63)
− Rate limiting function at per port and per VLAN, the rate range of each port is from
200kbps~100Mbps (FE), and the rate provisioning granularity is 1kbps.
− 802.1p QoS/CoS based on Ethernet port and/or VLAN
5.4 Clock Pulse Supply, Synchronization

Every network element (NE) clock may be synchronized by a very accurate timing source,
normally by a primary reference source (PRC) according to the master-slave principle. The
synchronous equipment timing source (SETS) is responsible for generation of system and
output clock signals. According to the ETSI recommendation, T3 to T1 are the
synchronization timing sources, T0 is the internal NE system clock and T4 is the timing
output interface.
T3 T4
T2
Selection SETS
T1
T0
Fig. 5.4 Timing Source Selection
5.4.1 Available Timing Sources

The SETS synchronization for FW 4470 is derivable from any of the following external ports:
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System Description
− From any STM-1/4/16/64 ports (T1), two T1 references are managed on the SETS.
The two T1 references are connected to the input of the SETS by two busses, each
card is connected with busses, and the T1 of each port can be sourced on any bus,
− From PDH 2Mbps ports (T2)
− From an external 2MHz or 2Mbit/s ports (T3)
− From internal Stratum 3 clock (ITU-T G.813 Option 1)
A FW 4470 NE can run in free running, holdover, or locked mode. The normal synchronous
mode is locked mode. If all of the reference sources fail, the system switches to holdover
mode.
A Synchronization Status Message (SSM) signal can be used to transfer the signal quality
level throughout a network. This will guarantee that all network elements will always be
synchronized to the highest quality clock available.
The FW 4470 supports SDH SSM algorithm on all STM-N interfaces and framed 2 Mbit/s
synchronization output signal (connected to the station output clock):
− SSM function support can be user provisioned as “enabled or disabled”. When the
SSM function is disabled in the NE, all STM-N interfaces and framed 2 Mbit/s
synchronization output signal interface will send out a DNU (do not use for sync)
signal.
− There are 4 possible quality levels specified in the SSM for timing reference sources:
PRC, SSU-A, SSU-B, and SEC. In addition, DNU is specified in SSM. The quality of
each timing reference source can either be retrieved from the incoming the SSM or
provisioned from the network management system.
− The FW 4470 supports the synchronization source switching algorithm based on SSM
defined in ITU-T G.781.
− The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for the timing reference source is between 0-12
minutes and can be set from the network management system in minute increments.
The default value is 5 minutes
5.4.2 T0 System Clock

The T0 system clocks are used in the NE for traffic processing, OH/DCC busses, internal
system communication between the system controller and each card, and for the distribution
of the absolute time.
T0 clocks to each LC and MC slot include the following three signals:
− Clock signal 77 MHz; point to point distribution.
− Frame clock signal 2 kHz; point to point distribution.
− Absolute time signal 1 Hz; point to point distribution.
T0 clocks to each TC slot include the following three signals:
− Clock signal 19 MHz; point to point distribution.
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− Frame clock signal 2 kHz; point to point distribution.

− Absolute time signal 1 Hz; point to point distribution.
All cards receive the T0 clocks.
5.4.3 Timing Output Interface

The System Management Interface Panel provides the following interfaces to offer
synchronization to external devices:
− 2 Mbit/s (framed and unframed)
5.4.4 Real Time Clock

For time stamps (time and date) in FW 4470 error and operational messages, a real time
clock is available (within the SETS).
The date and time for the real-time clock within the NE can be set and requested from
FLEXR-L/OS.
5.5 Retiming
In the retiming mode, the transmitter eliminates wander and jitter in the incoming clock.
While the rate of the outgoing 2 Mbit/s signal is normally equal to the rate of the 2 Mbit/s
signal going into the SDH network, occasionally this relationship disappears. A retiming
function is necessary for suppression of jitter and wander which the 2Mbit/s signal suffers
during transmission in SDH and which makes the signal useless for carrying the
synchronous frequency to the PDH domain.
To retime an outgoing 2 Mbit/s signal, means simply to retime this signal with the internal
clock of the multiplexer equipment in which the desynchronization takes place. This can be
done by reading the recovered 2Mbit/s signal into an elastic store and timing the output of
the elastic store with the system clock.
When the device is set in the retiming mode all jitter and wander due to the
multiplexing/demultiplexing process in the transmission is eliminated.
5.6 Laser Safety Shut-down

To prevent possible personal injury from emerging laser light in the case of line interruption
(e.g. fiber break), FW 4470 equipment contains a laser safety shut-down function (ALS
Automatic Laser Shut-down) according to ITU-T G.958 and ITU-T G664. In the case of
signal failure at the optical receiver of FW 4470 equipments, the laser transmitter is switched
OFF in this equipment for the opposite direction and thereby the disturbed field is taken out
of operation. The laser transmitter is then switched ON cyclically every 100s for
approximately 2s for testing. If the receiver of the concerned device receives a valid signal
again, the laser transmitter of the opposite direction is immediately put into continuous
operation again.
When switching ON internal power supplies or after a laser switch-off caused by total failure
of the power supply in the telecommunications center, the laser transmitter(s) must be forced
switched ON for approximately 2s after the permissible operating conditions have been
reached. In this way the line is automatically put back into operation.
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In the case of line interruption or for maintenance work, the laser transmitter must be
switched on manually for approximately 2s or approximately 90s (test purposes). The
transmitter is switched back ON via the operating terminal.
i Note: ALS for GE ports in 2× GE/T card is not supported.
5.7 External Alarm Interfaces

Failures signaled by any cards are processed by the main controller of the device, which
forwards the detected alarm information to the alarm interfaces. The alarm interfaces are
accessible via an alarm connector.
The FW 4470 alarm interfaces provide two outputs:

− Major urgent alarm (triggered by any Critical or Major alarms)
− Minor non-urgent alarm (triggered by any Minor alarms)
5.8 Engineering Order Wire

FW 4470 system provides two RJ45 connectors for four output channels of E1, E2
Engineering Order Wire (EOW) channel and/or F1 user channel. The two EOW interfaces
(ITU-T Recommendation G.703 compliant) are located on the system controller module front
panel.
Users may select up to two channels from the system (each providing a 64 Kbit/s channel
through the E1 or user selectable E2 or through the F1 byte of for user data applications
between regenerators or between a regenerator and a terminal (i.e. on regenerator
sections). When E1, E2, and F1 are not used, an all ones pattern will be transmitted in the
E1, E2, or F1 bytes and the received E1, E2, or F1 bytes will be ignored.
Usage is in conformance with ITU-T Recommendation G.707 and ETSI ETS 300417
standards. Byte-slips are allowed.
FW XOW is an external box which connects the FW 4470 EOW interfaces via RJ45 cable. It
provides telephone links to connect one or more network elements by using the RSOH byte
E1 and/or the MSOH byte E2 for EOW communication.
5.9 Software/Firmware
The System Controller (SC) board is equipped with micro controllers for monitoring,
controlling, and maintaining status information. They are programmed with embedded
firmware held in Flash-EEPROMs.
A software download facility is available. The download can be done remotely or locally via
the element manager or local craft terminal.
The internal configuration database of the system can be uploaded and downloaded. It is
stored redundantly and robust to any card failure.
Besides the configuration database, there are two embedded software images in the System
Controller. One is used by the active software and the other is for backup. During the system
upgrade, new software will be downloaded and stored into the backup image memory bank.
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It will then be activated and the active image will be set as the new backup. Redundant
software image design can efficiently protect the system in case of system crash.
5.10 Protection Switching

As today’s network carries more and more mission critical traffic, protection is a must to
guarantee minimum downtime. The FW 4x70 series features extensive protection
mechanisms according to a number of ITU-T standards.
The following sections assume working knowledge of standard SDH protection schemes. For
an introduction to protection schemes and their implementation refer to FW 4x70 series NE’s
FLEXR-L User manuals respectively.
5.10.1 Traffic Protection

FW 4470 supports the following SDH traffic protection functions:
− 2-Fiber Shared Ring Protection Switching (MS-SPRING) on STM-N (N=4, 16 or 64)
interface.
− Traffic protection functions on the STM-N multiplex section layer (Linear MSP)
(N=1,4,16 or 64)
− Sub-network connection protection (SNCP) functions on the VC-16c, VC-4c, VC-4,
VC-3, and VC-12 path layers.
Traffic protection functions are partly coupled with equipment protection features. This
i generally achieved by including some hardware components (e.g. SFP modules) within a
protected signal section.
5.10.1.1 2 fibers Shared Ring Protection Switching (MS-SPRING)

A MS-SPRING is a bidirectional (duplex transmission) ring where both directions of traffic
transmission use the same set of nodes under normal conditions. When there is a failure on
the working path, the traffic will be switched to protection bandwidth.
The changeover criteria are specified individually when configuring the network element. An
Automatic Protection Switching (APS) Protocol is required.
The switchover to the protection bandwidth occurs in “revertive” mode, i.e. if there was a
switchover to the protection bandwidth as a result of a working bandwidth fault, there is
automatic switchback to the original path once the fault is rectified.
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NE NE
NE NE NE NE
Working Traffic Protection Traffic
NE NE
Fig. 5.5 Example of MS-SPRING for an STM-1 Line
MS-SPRING Protection Characteristics

– Supported Interfaces: STM-64, STM-16 and STM-4
– Architecture: 2 fiber shared protection
– Switching type: bidirectional
– Operation type: revertive
– The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for MS-SPRing is between 1-12 minutes and can be set
from the network management system in second increments. The default value is 5
minutes.
Criteria for Initiating the Protection Switching Process

Internal switch requests:
– Signal failure SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, RS-TIM, MS-AIS, MS-EXC)
– Signal degrade SD(from MS-DEG)
External switch requests
– Lockout of protection (LO)
– Forced switch to working/protection
– Manual switch to working/protection
– Clear
Extra Traffic Mechanisms

Extra traffic mechanisms means the traffic carried over the protection entity while the
working entity is active. Extra traffic is not protected, i.e., when the protection entity is
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required to protect the traffic that is being carried over the working entity, the extra traffic is
preempted.
5.10.1.2 1+1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)

Protection switching is fulfilled in the equipment according to the relevant ETSI/ITU-T
standards ETS 300417-3-1 and G.841 respectively. Fig. 5.6 shows the general switching
architecture for completing a linear 1+1 MSP with two line interfaces:
MSP
Bridge/Selector Working port
Working
Traffic
Protection port
Fig. 5.6 Linear 1+1 MSP, Fault-free Case
In 1+1 Linear MSP, the client traffic is always transmitted over the working and protection
path simultaneously (MSP Bridge).
In case of fiber break (Fig. 5.7), the SDH card detects the fault and the MSP selector
automatically selects the incoming traffic from the protection path.
MSP
Bridge/Selector Working port
Working
Traffic
Protection port
Fig. 5.7 Linear 1+1 MSP, Switch to Protection Line
In FW 4470, Linear MSP is realized on per port basis. As all the optical traffic cards offer hot
changeable optical plug-in modules (SFPs), the 1+1 MSP protection always comes with
some kind of hardware protection.
In FW 4470, MSP operates in single-ended mode (revertive or non-revertive).
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All SDH traffic interfaces of FW 4470 support 1+1 MSP protection scheme.
Protection Characteristics
− Supported Interfaces: STM-64, STM-16, STM-4 and STM-1
− Architecture: 1+1
− Switching type: unidirectional (single ended) or bidirectional (dual-ended)
− Operation type: revertive or non-revertive
− The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for MSP is between 5-12 minutes and can be set from
the network management system in second increments. The default value is 5
minutes

Linear MSP can either be initiated automatically or manually using the operating
terminal/OS.
− SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, MS-AIS, RS-TIM)
− SD (from MS-DEG)
External switch requests (from values below; select one at a time):
− Lockout of Protection, LP
− Forced Switch, FS_P (working traffic to protection line)
− Forced Switch, FS_W (working traffic to working line)
− Manual Switch, MS_P (working traffic to protection line)
− Manual Switch, MS_W (working traffic to working line)
− Clear
5.10.1.3 1+1 Path Protection Switching (Sub-Network Connection Protection,

SNCP)
The data signal is transmitted in a ring structure via two different paths and can be
implemented in line or ring structures (Fig. 5.6). FW 4470 supports Sub-network Connection
Protection with Inherent Monitoring (SNC/I).
SNC/I protection is a linear protection scheme which can be applied on an individual basis to
VC-n signals. It does not need to be used on all VCs within a multiplex section. It does not
need to be used on all LO VCs within a HO VC. The SNC/I mechanism switches on server
failures using inherent monitoring as defined in ITU-T G.841. A Protection Protocol is not
required.
The switchover between the working and the protection path can be configured as “non-
revertive” or “revertive” mode. In the “non-revertive” mode, if there was a switchover to the
protection path as a result of a transmission fault, there is no automatic switchback to the
original path once the fault is rectified, but only if there is a fault on this new path. In the
“revertive” mode, if there was a switchover to the protection path as a result of the working
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path fault, there is an automatic switchback to the original path once the fault on the working
path is rectified.
In FW 4470, the 1+1 SNC/I can be categorized into High Order SNCP and Low Order SNCP.
AU4/VC-4 AU4/VC-4
Network Element
Network Element
Working Line Protection Line
AU4/VC-4 AU4/VC-4
Fig. 5.8 Example of Path Protection Switching for an STM-1 Line

Protection Characteristics
– Architecture: 1+1
– Layers:
− VC-12
− VC-3
− VC-4
– Switching type: unidirectional (single ended)
– Operation type: revertive, non-revertive
– The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for SNCP is between 5-12 minutes and can be set from
the network management system in second increments. The default value is 5 minutes

– Signal failure SF (from SSF)
External switch requests
– Lockout of protection (LO)
– Forced switch to working/protection
– Manual switch to working/protection
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– Clear
5.10.2 Hardware Protection

FW 4470 supports the following Hardware protection functions:
– 1+1 Protection for 34/45 Mbps and STM-1 electrical interfaces
– Unite Protection for Switch Fabric and Clock
5.10.2.1 1+1 Protection for electrical 34/45 Mbps and STM-1 E interfaces
FW 4470 supports an optional 1+1 protection for the 34/45 Mbps PDH interface cards and
STM-1 electrical interfaces.
The automatic protection switching related information coming from 3xE3/DS3 or 4xSTM-1 E
working board (or protection board) is sent to the system controller unit (SC). When an
E3/DS3 or a STM-1e 1+1 protection related defect is reported on working board (or
protection board) and correlated by Software as a valid Protection Switch Request (PSR),
the SC initiates a switch to the protection board (or the working board). As a result, the
customer traffic will be forwarded through the protection bus to the protection card. The
switch matrix will then select the traffic from the protection card.
5.10.2.2 Switch Fabric and Clock Unit Protection

In FW 4470 the SETS is integrated as a module inside the switch fabric card. Every NE can
always be equipped with working and protection matrix/clock cards.
All the transmission functions and information within the working switching fabric will be
duplicated and stored within the protection switching fabric, so that in case of failure, the
protection switching fabric will take over the task of the defect switching fabric without any
major delay.
From the SETS point of view, the working card will be configured as a master and
synchronized to a reference source, while the protection card will be operating as a slave
and synchronized to the working card.
In the event of failure of the working card, the protected card will take over the
synchronization function from the defect card.
5.11 Operating Terminal FW 4470 FLEXR-L

Network elements can be operated and monitored via the software FW 4470 FLEXR-L
software.
The FW 4470 FLEXR-L is used primarily for local management and commissioning of
network elements. Thus the FLEXR-L is connected via the management interface and
allowed to access local or remote network elements.
For further information about operation, control and monitoring via FW 4470 FLEXR-L
operating terminals see FW 4470 FLEXR-L User Manual.
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5.12 Connection to Network Management Systems

Fig. 5.9 shows the integration of FW 4470 network elements in the TMN system. Access
from TMN to FW 4470 NEs is fulfilled via SNMP over TCP/IP (direct access) and SNMP over
TCP/IP/PPP, TCP/IP/HDLC, or TCP/IP/OSILight (via dedicated SOH channels within traffic
links – DCCM or DCCR) interfaces.
OSILight is an IP over CLNS (Connectionless Network Service) Tunnel protocol stack.
OSILight lets IP traffic be transported over Connectionless Network Service; for instance, on
the data communications channel (DCC) of OSI based SDH equipment. OSILight enhances
interactions with CLNS network, allowing IP packets to be tunneled through the
Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) to preserve TCP/IP services.
TMN
(Telecommunications Management Network)
EM
(Element Manager)
SNMP over TCP/IP
IP over PPP IP over IP over

or HDLC OsiLight OSI based OsiLight
NE NE DCC
NE
Fig. 5.9 Embedding of FW 4470 NEs in a TMN System
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Components of the FW 4470
CHAPTER 6

This chapter explains FW 4470 main system components. Fig. 6.1 gives a first overview.
System
Hardware Software Package LCT
ETS System Rack LCT SW
Subrack
LCT HW
SC
PWR
FAN
1)
1× STM-64
2)
1× STM-16
2)
4× STM-4/1
2× STM-1 2)
4× STM-1 EW (W/P)
3 × E3/DS3
3 × E3/DS3 (W/P)
21 × E1 RT
2)
2× GE/T
2× GE+8× FE/AE
2)
2× GE+8× FE RPRE
1) Can be equipped with various optical
8× FE/T transceiver modules (transponder)
2) Can be equipped with various
6× FE/L2 pluggable optical transceiver modules
(SFP)
OA
Fig. 6.1 Overview of the System Components
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6.1 Subrack and Slot Arrangement

The FW 4470 platform supports one main subrack and maximum four FW 4370 Extension
Shelf (R4.0). The main subrack consists of 2 SC slots, 2 power slots, 2 cross-connect slots
(long card slots) and 16 slots which can be flexibly configured for interface cards usage. All
the interface cards are front pluggable.
For the details about the Extension Shelf see FW 4370 Extension Shelf Technical Manual.
The subrack layout is shown below (Fig.6.2) and card availability for each slot is described in
Tab. 6.1.
System Management Interface Panel
S T T T T T T T T S
C C C C C C C C C C
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2
C C
C C
1 2
P P
L L L L L L L L
W W
C C C C C C C C
R R
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2
Fan Tray
Air Filter
Fig. 6.2 Subrack Slots
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Slots SC CC LC LC LC LC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC PWR FAN Max. number

1 1 1 3 5 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 of modules
to to to to to to
Interface 2 2 4 6 8 2
SC √ 1
PWR √ 2
FAN √ 1
CC (70G/5G) √ 2
1×STM-64 √ √ 4
1×STM-16 √ √ √ √ 8
4×STM-4/1 √ √ √ √ 8
8×FET √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8
6×FE/L2 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8
2×GET √ √ √ √ 8
2×GE+8×FE/AE √ √ √ √ 8
2×GE+8×FE RPRE √ √ √ √ 8
21×E1 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8
21×E1 RT √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8
3×E3/DS3 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8
3×E3/DS3 (W/P) √ √ √ √ 2
4(for 1+1 Prot)
3×E3/DS3 EC √ √ 2
4×STM-1E EC √ √ 2
4×STM-1EW (W/P) √ √ 2
4(for 1+1 Prot)
OA √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8
Tab. 6.1 Subrack Slot Arrangement and Allowable Cards
6.2 List of Cards Supported

FW 4470 Release 3.3 provides the following cards:
Card Name Explanation
PWR 1× -48V (range −40V ~ −72 V) power supply
FAN Fan unit
Air Filter Air Filter
SC System controller
CC (70G/5G) Cross-connect and timing function card
1× STM-64 1× STM-64 optical interface card
1× STM-16 1× STM-16 optical interface card
4× STM-4 optical interface or 4× STM-1 optical/electrical card, per
4× STM-4/1
port configurable
2× GE/T 2× GE/T transparent optical/electrical interface card
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Card Name Explanation

2× GE optical interface and 8×FE electrical interface card with
2×GE+8×FE/AE
layer 2 functions; reused in FW 4270 R4.x Subracks
2× GE optical interface and 8×FE electrical interface card with
2×GE+8×FE RPRE
RPR functions; reused in FW 4270 R4.x Subracks
6× FE/L2 6× FE/L2 electrical interface card with Layer 2 function
8× FE/T 8× FE/T Transparent electrical interface card
21× E1 electrical interface card with retiming function, 120 Ohm
21× E1 RT
or 75 Ohm impedance
4× STM-1 electrical interface card with 1+1 protection function;
4× STM-1 EW (W/P)
Extension EOW box supported.
4× STM-1 EC 4× STM-1 electrical interface card
3× E3/DS3 (W/P) 3× E3/DS3 electrical interface card with 1+1 protection function
3× E3/DS3 EC 3× E3/DS3 electrical interface card
1 channel unidirectional optical amplifier, can be used as pre-,
OA
post-, or inline amplification applications
Tab. 6.2 Overview of FW 4470 Release 3.3 Cards
6.3 Power Supply Card: PWR

The power supply card supports -48V (range −40V ~ −72 V) DC power. It converts the input
supply voltage into regulated operating secondary voltages. The outputs are isolated from
the input. All output circuits have a common reference point, which is connected to the
grounding layers on the backplane.
A switch on the module allows user to turn on and off the power supply. There is one green
color LED labeled PWR on the module. The “on” status of a LED indicates that the
corresponding power supply is on; otherwise the power supply is off.
The power supply card is a pluggable module and is hot swappable. The FW 4470 supports
dual –48V DC power supply. There are two power supply slots located on the bottom row
slots PWR1 and PWR2.
One power supply card can be equipped in any one of the power supply slots to support the
whole system.
Faceplate
Fig. 6.3 Power Card Faceplate
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LEDs
LED Name Color Status Functional Description
ON Power is on.
PWR Green
OFF Power is off.
ON There are fault conditions presented in this card
FAULT Red
OFF This card is in normal condition
Tab. 6.3 Power Card LEDs
6.4 Fan Tray

FW 4470 has one fan tray to support whole subrack cooling. The fan tray is equipped with 8
fans and is located at the bottom of the subrack. The fan working status is indicated at the
front-face system management interface panel. The fan tray is replaceable when the system
is in service.
Faceplate
Fig. 6.4 Fan Tray Faceplate
6.5 Air Filter

The air filter provides air filtering function. The air filter is located at the bottom of the FW
4470 subrack.
Faceplate
Air filter
Fig. 6.5 Air Filter Faceplate
6.6 System Controller Card: SC
Function
The SC card performs system control function. FW 4470 system supports single system
controller. The system controller is equipped in SC1 slot to manage the whole system.
Faceplate
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Fig. 6.6 System Controller (SC) Card Faceplate
LEDs
Name Color Status Functional Description

ON This module is in the active mode
ACTIVE Green
OFF This module is in the standby mode
ON Power is available to the system.
PWR Green
OFF Power is off
ON There are fault condition on this module
Fault Red
OFF There is no alarm on this module
Tab. 6.4 SC Card LEDs
6.7 System Management Interface Panel

The FW 4470 equipment has a system management interface panel on the top part of the
chassis. This system management interface panel is shown below.
Fig. 6.7 System Management Interface Panel
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Interfaces:
The following table lists the interface and control buttons on this panel:
Interface
Functional description
Name
MGMT RJ45 connector
1× 10/100M Base-T management interface
EOW1/2 RJ45 connector to provide 2 EOW channels.
It is possible to provision Slot, Port, and E1/E2/F1 that the interface will connect
with FW XOW for communication with the remote station. Each provides a 64
Kbit/s channel.
EOW3/4 RJ45 connector to provide 2 EOW channels.
It is possible to provision Slot, Port, and E1/E2/F1 that the interface will connect
with FW XOW for communication with the remote station. Each provides a 64
Kbit/s channel.
MDI 1× RJ45 connector to provide 4 MDI ports.
MDIs are used to read the status of external alarm-points. Both the MDI
description and severities are provisional on the management system.
MDO 1× RJ45 connector to provide 2 MDO ports.
MDOs are used to drive external devices. MDO actions are activated or
deactivated manually by the management system.
ALM 1× RJ45 connector, providing 2 alarm outputs
LED TEST Used to test the state of the system LEDs
Button
ACO The alarm outputs will be cutoff or connected switched by pushing the button
Button once a time. System indicators (critical/major/minor LEDs) on the NE are not
suppressed; all alarm output to bay-top-alarming-module will be cut off.
Suppress On SI the existing alarms will not be shown on the system and the rack-top
Button alarm panel when the button is pushed a time. The new alarm will still be
output. A one state suppress button to suppress the current alarm output on
the audible and visual indicators. The alarm indicators (critical/major/minor
LEDs) of both NE system and rack-top alarm panel are also suppressed.
Tab. 6.5 System Management Interface Panel Interfaces
LEDs:
LED
Color Status Description
name
On The power supply is on and working in normal condition.
PWR Green
Off There is no power.
On One or more critical alarms are present.
One or more critical communication alarms are present.
Flashing Or any card is mismatch or faulty (Major alarm LED will flash
CR Red
at the same time).
No critical communication alarms are present, and
Off
card/system is in service.
When any optional service card is mismatch or faulty, Major
Flashing
alarm LED and Critical alarm LED will flash at the same time.
MJ Orange
On There are one or more major alarms present.
Off No major alarms.
On There are one or more minor alarms present.
No minor alarms
MN Yellow Off (Note: warning and indeterminate alarms won’t turn the LED
on.)
Tab. 6.6 System Management Interface Panel LEDs
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6.8 Cross-connect and Timing Card: CC

The CC card provides a cross-connect function and timing function. The following described
these two functions.
6.8.1 Cross-connect Architecture and Capacity

The CC module provides 70G HOCC (448 × 448 VC-4s) and 5G LOCC (2016 × 2016 VC-12
or 96 × 96 VC-3 equivalent). The switching-matrix provides non-blocking switching of all
traffic at VC-12, VC-3, VC-4, VC-4-4c, and VC-4-16c levels. In another words, each VC-12
on any slot can be switched with any other VC-12 on the same module or on any other
chassis slots.
The FW 4470 cross-connect structure is shown below.
Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot

TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8
LOCC: 2016 × 2016 VC12
Slot Slot
LC1 LC5
Slot Slot
LC2 HOCC LC6
448 × 448 VC-4
4× 2. 5G
Slot (70G) Slot
LC3 LC7 4× 622M
Slot Slot 2× 155M

LC4 LC8
Fig. 6.8 CC Card Cross-connect Architecture
The following types of cross-connects are possible on both cross-connect units:

– Uni-directional
– Bi-directional
– Loop backs
– Multicast (HOCC:1 to 4, LOCC: 1 to 63)
6.8.2 Timing Function

The Timing function selects a recovered clock from one of the line inputs, a station clock
from the central office (two independent connections are provided), an E1 tributary input, or
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an internal Stratum 3 (supports ITU-T G.813 Option 1 Stratum 3) reference (on the cross-
connect and timing module) as the system-timing reference. You can provision any of the
clock inputs as a primary or secondary timing source. You can identify up to four timing
references, which can be prioritized to provide protection. A slow-reference tracking loop
allows the Timing function to synchronize to the recovered clock, which provides holdover if
the reference is lost.
The System Timing References are:

– Station External Timing (2Mbps) input/output
– STM-N Optical Network Interfaces
– STM-1, E1 client Interfaces
The FW 4470 can run in free running, holdover, or locked mode. The normal synchronous
mode is locked mode. If all of the reference sources fail, the system switches to holdover
mode.
A Synchronization Status Message (SSM) signal can be used to transfer the signal quality
level throughout a network. This will guarantee that all network elements will always be
synchronized to the highest quality clock available.
The FW 4470 supports SDH SSM algorithm on all STM-N interfaces and on the framed 2
Mbit/s synchronization output signal (connected to the station output clock):
1) SSM functionality supported and can be user provisioned as “enabled or disabled”.
When the SSM function is disabled in the NE, all STM-N interfaces and the framed 2
Mbit/s synchronization output signal interface will send out a DNU (do not use for sync)
signal.
2) There are 4 possible quality levels specified in the SSM for timing reference sources:
PRC, SSU-A, SSU-B, and SEC. In addition, DNU is specified in SSM. The quality of
each timing reference source can either be retrieved from the incoming the SSM or
provisioned from the network management system.
3) The FW 4470 supports the synchronization source switching algorithm based on SSM
defined in ITU-T G.781.
4) The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for timing reference source is between 0-12 minutes and
can be set from the network management system in minute increments. The default
value is 5 minutes
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6.8.3 CC Card Faceplate and LEDs
Fig. 6.9 CC Card Faceplate
LEDs:
LED
Color Status Description
Name
ON The card is in working state
Active Green
OFF The card in standby state
ON Power is available to the card. It indicates the presence of the
internal power supply after the power conversion.
Power Green
OFF Power is not available due to broken power converter or
external power cable or connector.
On There are fault conditions presented in this module
Fault Red
OFF This module is in normal condition
Tab. 6.7 CC Card LEDs
6.9 Optical STM-64 Interface Card: 1× STM-64
Function:
This card provides 1 optical interface with a signal rate of 10Gb/s. The STM-64 interface is
fully compliant with ITU-T G.707 and G.957 standards.
The STM-64 optical interface on this module can be paired with a STM-64 interface on other
module to formulate a STM-64 2-fiber ring with up to 16 nodes in the ring. The STM-64 ring
supports MS-SPRING, MSP, and SNCP protection function.
The optical line interfaces also support ALS (Automatic Laser Shutdown) function, and
support optical performance monitoring including bias current, input and output optical
power.
The STM-64 line interface module supports out-of-band forward error correction (FEC)
function. The FEC coding gain is about ~6 dB. As we know, many different kinds of
impairments affect optical communications, including optical non-linearity, chromatic
dispersion, polarization mode dispersion; amplifier induced four wave mixing, and others. As
optical communications rates increase many of these impairments become more
pronounced. FEC is one of the technologies that help mitigate this problem.
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This module can be installed in any slots from LC3 to LC6.
Faceplate:
Fig. 6.10 1× STM-64 Card Faceplate
External Interfaces:
Interface Description
STM-64 Optical LC connector
Interface STM-64 SFF options:
- STM-64 (L-64.2 120Km)
- STM-64 (L-64.2 80Km)
- STM-64 (S-64.2 40Km)
- STM-64 (SR-1 12Km)
Note: For 120km transmission solution, the additional 13dBm booster amplifier at the TX
side and the 20dB Pre-amplifier with 40Km DCM at the Rx side are need simultaneously.
Tab. 6.8 1× STM-64 Card External Interfaces
LEDs:
LED Color Status Functional Description
Name
Power is available to the card. It indicates the presence of the
ON
Power Green
Power is not available due to broken power converter or
OFF
ON Optical link is normal
Link 1 Green
OFF Optical link is off
Fault Red
Tab. 6.9 1× STM-64 Card LEDs
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6.10 Optical STM-16 Interface Card: 1× STM-16

Function:
This card provides 1 optical interface with a signal rate of 2.488Gbits/s. The STM-16
interface is fully compliant with ITU-T G.707 and G.957 standards. The STM-16 optical
interface on this module can be paired with any STM-16 interface on another module to
formulate a 2-fiber STM-16 ring of 16 nodes or less. The STM-16 ring supports MS-SPRING,
MSP, and SNCP protection function.
The current optical line interface on this module uses SFP（Small Form-Factor Pluggable）
with multiple SFPs for different transmission distance applications. The optical line interfaces
also support ALS (Automatic Laser Shutdown) function, and support optical performance
monitoring including bias current, input and output optical power.
Faceplate:
Fig. 6.11 1× STM-16 Card Faceplate
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STM-16 Optical LC connector
Interface STM-16 SFP options:
- STM-16 (DWDM U-16.2, 180Km)Note 3
- STM-16 (U-16.2, 160Km)Note2
- STM-16 (V-16.2, 120Km)Note 1
- STM-16 (DWDM L-16.2, 80Km) Note 4
- STM-16 (CWDM L-16.2, 80Km) Note 5
- STM-16 (L-16.2, 80Km)
- STM-16 (L-16.1, 40Km)
- STM-16 (S-16.1, 15Km)
Note 1: V-16.2 SFP has the same optical parameter as L-16.2 SFP except its dispersion
can be up to 2400ps/nm; this 120 Km solution need an external 13dBm booster
amplifier.
Note 2: U-16.2 SFP has the same optical parameter as L-16.2 SFP except its dispersion
can be up to 3200ps/nm; this 160 Km solution need an external 18dBm booster
amplifier.
Note 3: DWDM U-16.2 SFP is one of 44 channels DWDM SFP, the special wavelength is
192.7THz (1555.75nm); this 180Km solution need an 18dBm booster amplifier and
preamplifier with filter as well as the 680ps/nm DCM.
Note 4: DWDM L-16.2 SFP supports 44 DWDM channels which are compatible with ITU-T
694.1.
Note 5: CWDM L-16.2 SFP supports 8 CWDM wavelengths which are compatible with ITU-
T 694.2.
Tab. 6.10 1× STM-16 Card External Interfaces
LEDs:
LED Name Color Status Functional Description
Power is available to the card. It indicates the
ON presence of the internal power supply after the power
Power Green conversion.
Power is not available due to broken power converter
OFF
or external power cable or connector.
ON Optical link is normal
Link 1 Green
OFF Optical link is off
Fault Red
Tab. 6.11 1× STM-16 Card LEDs
6.11 Optical / Electrical STM-4/1 Interface Card: 4× STM-4 / STM-1
Function:
This card provides 4× STM-1 or STM-4 optical or electrical interfaces. These interfaces are
fully compliant with ITU-T G.707 and G.957 standards. The client side STM-4/1 optical
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interface uses SFP optical interfaces. The STM-1 Electrical interfaces use SFP electrical
interface which are fully compliant to ITU-T G.703 (ES1) signal specification.
Any STM-1/4 interface on this module can be paired with any other STM-1/4 interface on the
same module or on different module to support MSP and SNCP.
Faceplate:
Fig. 6.12 4× STM-4/1 Card Faceplate
This STM-4/1 interfaces support both optical and electrical SFP modules. In this version,
system only supports electrical SFP modules for STM-1 rates.
STM-4/1 Optical LC connector
Interface STM-4 SFP options:
- STM-4 (V-4.2 120Km)
- STM-4 (L-4.2 80Km)
- STM-4 (L-4.1 40Km)
- STM-4 (S-4.1 15Km)
STM-1 SFP options:
- STM-4 (V-1.2 120Km)
- STM-1 (L-1.2 80Km)
- STM-1 (L-1.1 40Km)
- STM-1 (S-1.1 15Km)
STM-1 Electrical DIN 1.0/2.3 75 Ohm, SFP Electrical Interface module:
Interface Typical cable length: 100 meter (attenuation at 78 MHz must be
less than 13.7 dB)
Tab. 6.12 4× STM-4/1 Card External Interfaces
i Note: It is not possible to mix STM-1 and STM-4 modes at the same time in the same board.
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LEDs:
LED Color Status Functional Description
Name
ON
PWR Green
OFF
FAULT Red
Links ON Optical link is normal
Green
1,2,3,4 OFF Optical link is off
Tab. 6.13 4× STM-4/1 Card LEDs
6.12 Electrical 155Mbit/s Interface Card: 4× STM-1 EW (W/P), 4×

STM-1E EC
Function:
The redundant (1+1) 4× STM-1E protection modules includes two 4× STM-1E (W/P)
functional boards and one 4× STM-1E EC board.
− The 4× STM-1EW (W/P) or 4× STM-1EW (W/P) functional board performs 4× STM-1E
signal mapping and framing function.
− The 4× STM-1E EC board provide 4× STM-1E interfaces. This board is connected to
both 4× STM-1EW (working) and 4× STM-1E (protection) module simultaneously.
In normal condition, the STM-1E client interface is connected to the 4× STM-1EW (working)
board. When the 4× STM-1EW (working) board fails, the 4× STM-1E EC board will switched
to the 4× STM-1EW (protection) board.
Fig. 6.13 depicts the functional block diagram of 4× STM-1EW (W/P) protection modules.
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4× STM-1E (W)
4x STM-1E transceiver
4× STM-1E IO & Framing function
Selector
Relay
To CC board
via Backplane
4× STM-1E (P)
4x STM-1E transceiver
& Framing function
SC
Fig. 6.13 Functional block diagram of 4× STM-1EW (W/P)
The FW 4470 chassis supports two groups of 4× STM-1EW protection module under
70G/5G CC module configuration.
The allowable slots for the 4× STM-1E (W/P) interface modules are summarized in
Tab. 6.14.
Protection Pair 1 (3 slots) Protection Pair 2 (3 slots)

Board Name
Allowable Slots Allowable Slots
4× STM-1E EC TC1 TC8
4× STM-1EW (W/P) LC1 LC2 LC7 LC8
Tab. 6.14 4× STM-1EW (W/P) allowable slots
Any pair of STM-1 electrical ports in same or different 4× STM-1 Electrical cards can be set
to support MSP.
Faceplate:
Fig. 6.14 4× STM-1 EW (W/P) faceplate
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Fig. 6.15 4× STM-1EW EC faceplate
External Interface:
STM-1E Electrical CC4 connector
Interface Transmission distance: 0 to 53m (-15dB receiving sensitivity)
Tab. 6.15 External interfaces of 4× STM-1EW line interface module
LEDs:
There are total seven (7) LEDs in the front of the function module faceplate, the fault alarm
indication LEDs, ACT PWD and FAULT, located on the most right side of the card, and the
other four LEDs are for the indication of the path status of the STM-1 E. There is one LED for
each STM-1 E interface.

On This card pair is carrying live traffic
ACT Green This card pair is not carrying live traffic (in 1+1 protection
Off mode, either working module or protection module will be
carrying live traffic).
Power is available to the card. It indicates the presence of
ON
the internal power supply after the power conversion.
PWR Green
Power is not available due to broken power converter,
OFF
external power cable, or connector.
ON There are fault conditions presented in this module
FAULT Red
Links 1, ON The link is normal

Green
2, 3, 4 OFF The link is off
Tab. 6.16 4× STM-1EW interface module LEDs
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6.13 Electrical 34-Mbit/s / 45-Mbit/s Interface Card: 3× E3/DS3

Function:
The 3× E3/DS3 card provides 3×34 Mbit/s (E3) or 3× 45 Mbit/s (DS3) bidirectional ports.
The ports can be switched independently of each other to the 34-Mbit/s or 45-Mbit/s PDH
mode. The switched mode for every port always applies to both signal directions.
Each E3/DS3 signal is mapped into a Lower Order VC-3 and forwarded to line interface for
transmission. The E3/DS3 interface uses CC4 connector. The maximum distance for service
interface is up to 667 meters.
This card can be installed in TC1 to TC8.
Faceplate:
Fig. 6.16 3× E3/DS3 Card Faceplate
E3/DS3 Electrical CC4 connector (1.0/2.3)
Interface Cable type: 75 Ohm coaxial-cable,
Allowable cable loss: 20dB
Transmission distances: 0 to 667meters.
Tab. 6.17 3× E3/DS3 Card External Interfaces
LEDs:
There are total 4 LEDs in the front of the module faceplate, the FAULT LED located on the
most right side of the card is fault alarm indication LED for the module, and the other three
LEDs are for the indication of the path status of the E3/DS3s. There is one LED for each
E3/DS3.
LED name Color Status Functional Description

Link 1, or On The link is normal
Link 2, or Green The link is down
Link 3 Off
On The card has fault or alarm condition(s)
FAULT Red
Off The card is normal
Tab. 6.18 3× E3/DS3 Card LEDs
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6.14 Electrical 34/45Mbit/s Interface Card: 3× E3/DS3 (W/P), 3×

E3/DS3 EC
Function:
This module has 3× E3/DS3 software configurable interfaces; each E3/DS3 signal is mapped
into a Lower Order VC-3 and forwarded to line interface for transmission. The E3/DS3
interface uses CC4 connector. The maximum usable distance of service interface is up to
667 meters.
Fig. 6.17 depicts the functional block diagram of 1+1 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) module protection
connections.
3× E3/DS3 (W)
Mapping each E3/DS3

3× E3/DS3 IO To VC-3
Selector
Relay
To CC board
via Backplane
3× E3/DS3 (P)
Mapping each E3/DS3

To VC-3
SC
Fig. 6.17 Functional block diagram of 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) protection module
The FW 4470 chassis supports two 3× E3/DS3 module protection pairs. The allowable slots
for the 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) interface modules are summarized in Tab. 6.19 below.
Protection Pair 1 Protection Pair 2

Board Name (3 slots) (3 slots)
Allowable Slots Allowable Slots
3× E3/DS3 EC TC2 TC7
3× E3/DS3 (W/P) TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6
Tab. 6.19 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) allowable slots
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Faceplate:
Fig. 6.18 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) module faceplate
Fig. 6.19 3× E3/DS3 EC module faceplate
CC4 connector
E3/D3 Interface
Transmission distances: 0 to 667m (-20dB receiving sensitivity)
Tab. 6.20 3× E3/DS3 module external module
LEDs:
There are total 6 LEDs in the front of the module faceplate, the ACT,PWR and FAULT LEDs
located on the most right side of the card are fault alarm indication LEDs for the module, and
the other three LEDs are for the indication of the path status of the E3/DS3s. There is one
LED for each E3/DS3.

On This card pair is carrying live traffic
ACT Green This card pair is not carrying live traffic (in 1+1 protection
Off mode, either working module or protection module will be
carrying live traffic).
Power is available to the card. It indicates the presence of
ON
the internal power supply after the power conversion.
PWR Green
Power is not available due to broken power converter,
OFF
external power cable, or connector.
FAULT Red
Links 1, ON Optical link is normal

Green
2, 3 OFF Optical link is off
Tab. 6.21 3× E3/DS3 (W/P) module LEDs
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6.15 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface Card: 21× E1/RT
Function:
The 21× E1/RT card provides up to 21× 2 Mbit/s (E1) bi-directional ports and supports ITU-T
G.707 asynchronous mapping of E1 signal into a VC-12 container. Retiming function and the
other common configuration (Loop Back, PRBS, alarm detected, Performance Monitor) are
also integrated on this card.
Two different card types for balanced (120 Ohm) or unbalanced (75 Ohm) signal lines are
available for this card. The maximum distance for E1 balanced 120 Ohm interface is up to
730 meters, for E1 unbalanced 75 Ohm interface it is 535 meters.
The E1 interface uses two DB-50 connectors (1-10, 11-21). One DB50 provides 10 ports of
E1 interfaces and the other one provides 11 ports. Any port on the 21× E1 /RT card can be
used as the timing source.
This card supports retiming function on the first eight E1 ports (1 to 8). The retiming function
could be enabled or disabled via FLEXR-L or FLEXR-C. The retiming function block is
shown in Fig. 6.20
From SDH
To cross-connect
system
clock
E1 Mapper
PLL
19.44M
=>
2.048M
Retiming Buffer … …
E1 ports 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 21
Fig. 6.20 21× E1/RT Card Retiming function block
This card can be installed in any slots from TC1 to TC8.
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Faceplate:
Fig. 6.21 21× E1/RT (75 Ohm) Card Faceplate
Fig. 6.22 21× E1/RT (120 Ohm) Card Faceplate
E1 Electrical Interface DB50 Connector, Short haul twisted pair cable
120 Ohm, balanced Transmission distance: 0 to 730m (-15dB receiving sensitivity)
E1 Electrical Interface DB50 Connector, Short haul coaxial-cable
75 Ohm, unbalanced Transmission distance:: 0 to 535m (-15dB receiving sensitivity)
Tab. 6.22 21× E1/RT Card External Interface
6.16 Gigabit Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Interface Card: 2× GE+8×

FE/AE
Function:
This module provides 8×10/100M Base-T interfaces (RJ-45) and 2× GE optical/electrical
interfaces on the client side. This module supports L2 switching, GFP, and higher order
virtual concatenation, and LCAS. There are 32 WAN ports on the network side including one
Gigabit port and 31 FE ports.
The bandwidth of the GE WAN port supports VC-4-Xv (X=1…7), and the bandwidth of each
FE WAN port supports VC-12-Xv (X=1…46). The total available bandwidth on the network
side is 8× VC-4s. The functional block diagram of this module is depicted in Fig.6.26.
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Client Network
Interfaces Side
1× GE
GE
2×GE PHY
L2 VC/
GFP 31× FEs
SW LCAS
8×FE FE
PHY
Fig. 6.23 2× GE+8× FE/AE module functional block diagram
The Layer 2 functions supported by this module are:

− VLAN and double VLAN tagging, providing increased number of VLANs.
− Providing per port rate limiting function: the rate range of each port is from
64Kbps~100Mbps (FE) or 64Kbps~1Gbps (GE), and the rate provisioning granularity is
64kbps
− Providing per VLAN rate limiting function: The rate range of each VLAN is from
64kbps~100Mbps (FE) or 64Kbps~1Gbps (GE), and the rate provisioning granularity is
64kbps.
− Each card has a shareable memory space for both FE and GE interfaces, this memory
can accommodate up to 2048K bytes, which includes the input buffers and output
buffers of every FE and GE interfaces. Each interface has also 4 output queues, each of
which can accommodate up to 240K bytes to be sent out. The FE and GE interfaces
have different input buffer size, for FE interface the maximum receive buffer is 256K
bytes, and for GE interface it is 750K bytes.
Other main functions:

− The FE ports support auto negotiation, flow control, IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame
structure
− GFP encapsulation (ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303)
− GE WAN port supports VC-4-Xv (X=1…7) and LCAS function
− FE WAN ports support VC-12-Xv (X=1…46) and LCAS function
− SDH and Ethernet performance monitoring and alarms
Faceplate:
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Fig. 6.24 2× GE+8× FE/AE module faceplate
There are 4 RJ45 interfaces supporting up to 8 FE traffic. Each RJ45 provides 1 or 2 FE

interfaces via extension splitter.
LC Connector
GE Optical SFP Options:
− GE-ZX (80km E-SFP)
− GE E (35km SFP)
− GE-LX (10km E-SFP)
− GE-SX (500m E-SFP)
RJ-45 Connector, each RJ-45 supports one GE traffic
GE optical GE Electrical SFP Option:
/electrical − 1000 Base-T (100m Electrical SFP)
Interfaces Standard compliance:
− 1000BASE-FX（IEEE 802.3u）
− 1000BASE-T (IEEE 802.3-2002, IEEE 802.3ab)
Data rate supported:
− 1000Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, flow control)
Cables:
− 1000BASE-T: supports 1000Mbps data- rate up to 100 meters
reach over unshielded twisted-pair category-5 cable.
RJ-45 connector, each RJ45 connector supports up to two FE traffic
Standard compliance:
− 10BASE-T （IEEE 802.3）
− 100BASE-T（IEEE 802.3u）
− 10Mbit/s （half-duplex, duplex, flow control）
FE Electrical − 100Mbit/s （half-duplex, duplex, flow control）
Interfaces Cables:
− 10BASE-T: 100 Ohm–two pairs shielded twisted pair cable
(STP) and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category
5 UTP). The maximum usable distance is up to 100m
− 100BASE-T: 100 Ohm–two pairs shielded twisted pair cable
(STP) and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category
5 UTP). The maximum usable distance is up to 100m.
Tab. 6.23 2× GE+8× FE/AE module external interfaces
Pin Number Signal Description FE Port
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1 TX+ Transmit Data+ A
2 TX- Transmit Data- A
3 RX+ Receive Data+ A
4 TX+ Transmit Data+ B
5 TX- Transmit Data- B
6 RX- Receive Data- A
7 RX+ Receive Data+ B
8 RX- Receive Data- B
Tab. 6.24 2× GE+8× FE/AE module external interfaces
LEDs:
Note: Each RJ-45 interface has two LEDs to indicate the data receiving and transmitting
i status for 2 FE interfaces. Take the (5) 1RJ-45 interface as an example, the left LED
(Yellow) is used for FE 5 and the right LED (Green) is used for FE 1.

Power is available to the card. It indicates the presence
ON
of the internal power supply after the power conversion.
Power Green
Power is not available due to broken power converter
OFF
or external power cable or connector.
Fault Red
ON The link is up.
Green
FE Prot
/ Flash There are data received or transmitted.
LED
Yellow
OFF The link is down.
Tab. 6.25 2× GE+8× FE/AE module LEDs
6.17 Gigabit Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Interface Card: 2× GE+ 8×

FE RPRE
Function:
This module provides RPR function on SDH. There are 8 × 10/100M Base-T interfaces (RJ-
45) and 2 × GE optical/electrical interfaces on the client side. This module supports L2
switching, RPR MAC, GFP, and higher order virtual concatenation, and LCAS. There are two
WAN ports on the network side; the bandwidth of each port is VC-4-Xv (X=1…8). The total
available bandwidth on the network side is 16 × VC-4s.
The functional block diagram of this module is depicted in Fig. 6.25.
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VC-4-Xv
(X=1, …8)
GE
2×GE PHY
L2 RPR VC/
GFP
SW MAC LCAS
8×FE FE
PHY
VC-4-Xv
(X=1, …8)
Fig. 6.25 2× GE+8× FE RPR module functional block diagram
The Layer 2 functions supported by this module are:

− VLAN and double VLAN tagging, providing increased number of VLANs.
− Providing per Port rate limiting function: the rate range of each port is from
64kbps~100Mbps (FE) or 64Kbps~1Gbps (GE), and the rate provisioning granularity is
64kbps.
− Providing per VLAN rate limiting function: The rate range of each VLAN is from
64Kbps~100Mbps (FE) or 64Kbps~1Gbps (GE), and the rate provisioning granularity is
64Kbps.
− Each FE and GE input interface has a buffer to support burst data traffic transmission.
The input buffer can accommodate up to 256 frames. Each FE interface has also 4
output queues, each of which has a buffer that can accommodate up to 496 frames to be
sent out. As each input buffer and output port buffers are independently using the
dedicated memory spaces, instead of sharing any common memory space, there will be
no mutual influence between the input buffer and the output buffers.
RPR functions:
− Source weighted fairness
− 3 Service of Classes (class A, class B, and class C). Class A traffic can occupy up to
75% of total RPR bandwidth and only the class A traffic supports strict order
transmission.
− RPR layer protection: steering or wrap protection, provisional
− Topology discovery
− The FE ports support auto negotiation, flow control, IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame
structure
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− VC-4-Xv (X=1…8) and LCAS function
Faceplate:
Fig. 6.26 2× GE+8× FE RPRE module faceplate
There are four (4) RJ45 interfaces supporting up to eight (8) FE traffic. Each RJ45 provides 1
or 2 FE interfaces via extension splitter.
LC Connector
− GE E (35km SFP)
− GE-SX (500m E-SFP)
RJ-45 Connector, each RJ-45 supports one GE traffic
GE optical/ GE Electrical SFP Option :
Electrical − 1000 Base-T (100m Electrical SFP)
Interface Standard compliance:
− 1000BASE-FX（IEEE 802.3u）
− 1000BASE-T (IEEE 802.3-2002, IEEE 802.3ab)
− 1000Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, flow control)
Cables:
− 1000BASE-T: supports 1000Mbps data- rate up to 100 meters
reach over unshielded twisted-pair category-5 cable.
FE Electrical RJ-45 connector, each RJ45 connector supports up to two FE traffic
Interface (see Tab. 6.24 for pin assignment)
Standard compliance:
− 10BASE-T （IEEE 802.3）
− 100BASE-T（IEEE 802.3u）
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Cables:
− 10BASE-T: 100 Ohms–two pairs shielded twisted pair cable
(STP) and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5
UTP). The maximum usable distance is up to 100m
UTP). The maximum usable distance is up to 100m.
Tab. 6.26 2× GE+8× FE RPRE module external interfaces

1 TX+ Transmit Data+ A
2 TX- Transmit Data- A
3 RX+ Receive Data+ A
4 TX+ Transmit Data+ B
5 TX- Transmit Data- B
6 RX- Receive Data- A
7 RX+ Receive Data+ B
8 RX- Receive Data- B
Tab. 6.27 RJ45 Ethernet interface pin assignment
LEDs:
Note: Each RJ-45 interface has two LEDs to indicate the data receiving and transmitting
i status for 2 FE interfaces. Take the (5) 1RJ-45 interface as an example, the left LED
(Yellow) is used for FE 5 and the right LED (Green) is used for FE 1.

ON
Power Green
OFF
Fault Red
Green ON The link is up.

FE Port
/ Flash There are data received or transmitted.
LED
Yellow
Tab. 6.28 2× GE+8× FE RPRE module LEDs
6.18 Gigabit Ethernet Interface Card: 2× GE/T
Function:
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The module provides 2× 1000Base-X interfaces (2 SFP cages). Each GE signal is

encapsulated in to GFP packets, and mapped into VC-4-Xv (X=1 …7) or VC-3-Xv (X=1 …
21) payload for transmission.
The functional block diagram of this module is depicted in Fig.6.32.
LAN WAN
Port Port
GE SFP 1
EOS (GFP, Network side:

Dual 1000Base- Total 16× VC4 bandwidth
LCAS,
X PHY (to CC module via the
VC-4-Xv)
backplane)
GE SFP 2
Fig. 6.27 2× GE/T Card Functional Block Diagram
Summary of key functions:

− The GE ports support auto negotiation, flow control, IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame
structure.
− VC-4-Xv (X=1…7) or VC-3-Xv (X=1 …21) mapping
− Each GE input interface has a buffer to support burst data traffic transmission. The input
buffer of FE interface can accommodate up to 256 frames. Each FE interface has also 4
output queues, each of which has a buffer that can accommodate up to 496 frames to be
sent out. As each input buffer and output port buffers are independently using the
dedicated memory spaces, instead of sharing any common memory space, there will be
no mutual influence between the input buffer and the output buffer.
Faceplate:
Fig. 6.28 2× GE/T Card Faceplate
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GE Interfaces:
LC Connector
− GE E (35km SFP)
GE optical − GE-SX (500m E-SFP)
/electrical RJ-45 Connector, each RJ-45 supports one GE traffic
Interfaces GE Electrical SFP Option: 1000 Base-T (100m Electrical SFP)
Standard compliance: 1000BASE-FX（IEEE 802.3u）
Data rate supported: 1000Mbit/s （half-duplex, duplex, flow control）
Cables:
1000BASE-T: supports 1000Mbps data- rate up to 100 meters reach
over unshielded twisted-pair category-5 cable.
Tab. 6.29 2× GE/T Card GE Interfaces

LEDs:
Power is available to the card. It indicates the
ON presence of the internal power supply after
Power Green the power conversion.
Power is not available due to broken power
OFF
converter, external power cable, or connector.
There are fault conditions presented in this
ON
Fault Red module.
OFF This module is in normal condition.
ON The link with remote interface is normal.
Link 1 Green
OFF The link with remote interface is down.
ON The link with remote interface is normal.
Link 2 Green
OFF The link with remote interface is down.
Tab. 6.30 2× GE/T Card LEDs
6.19 Fast Ethernet Interface Card: 6× FE/L2, 8× FE/T
Function:
The Fast Ethernet interface cards provide the means to map Fast Ethernet client signals of
type 10/100 BASE TX into VC-12-Xv for transport. The Generic Framing Procedure GFP-F
ITU-T G.7041 encapsulation protocol is supported for mapping Fast Ethernet (FE) traffic into
SDH VC-12-Xv payload.
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FW 4470 supports 3 types of Fast Ethernet interface cards:

– 6× FE/L2 card (see 6.19.1)
– 8× FE/T card (see 6.19.2)
Card naming explanation:

L2 = the card supports layer 2 function
T = the card supports transparent transmission of FE traffic
6.19.1 6× FE/L2 Card

Function:
This card has 6×10/100M Base-T IEEE 802.3 compatible Ethernet interface ports, and can
provide traffic aggregation and transmission for up to 2 uplink connections.
There are two WAN ports on the network side. Up to 6 10/100M traffic can be aggregated to
1 or 2 WAN ports and forwarded to a SDH line interface for transmission. Given burst nature
of data traffic, aggregation of multiple port traffic into a single group of virtually concatenated
containers allows a more efficient use of the available bandwidth.
This module supports following features:

– GFP encapsulation (ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303)
– Low order virtual connection VC-12-Xv (X=1…46) or VC-3-Xv (X=1…3); the total
available bandwidth on the network side is 1× VC-4
– LCAS functionality, with this mechanism the allocated SDH bandwidth for an Ethernet
link can be dynamically reconfigured without disturbing the existing traffic flow.
– FE ports support auto negotiation, flow control, IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame
structure
– Ethernet performance monitoring and alarms
– VLAN and double VLAN tagging, providing increased number of VLANs.
– Access Control List (ACL) based on MAC addresses
– Rapid Spanning Tree (802.1w), dramatically reducing restoration time
– Layer 2 multicast functions (including static provisioned multicast and IGMP Snooping
multicasting functions), saving bandwidth on applications such as multi-media video
– Providing per port rate limiting function: the rate range of each port is from
– Providing per VLAN rate limiting function: The rate range of each VLAN is from
– Providing 802.1p QoS/CoS based on Ethernet port and/or VLAN
– Each FE input interface has a buffer to support burst data traffic transmission. The input
buffer of FE interface can accommodate up to 256 frames. Each FE interface has also
4 output queues with a buffer that can accommodate up to 496 frames to be sent out.
As each input buffer and output port buffers is using independent dedicated memory
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(instead of sharing any common memory space there will be no memory conflicts
between the input buffer and the output buffer.
LAN Port WAN Port
1
1
2
3 Octal EOS (GFP, Total 1× VC-4

Layer 2
6× RJ-45 100Base-T LCAS, to CC via
Function
PHY VC-12-Xv) backplane
4
5
2
Fig. 6.29 6× FE/L2 Card Functional Block Diagram
Faceplate:
Fig. 6.30 6× FE/L2 Card Faceplate
Ethernet Interfaces:
RJ-45 connector
Standard compliance :
− 10BASE-T (IEEE 802.3)
− 100BASE-T (IEEE 802.3u)
FE Interface, − 10Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, and flow control)
Electrical − 100Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, and flow control)
Cables:
− 10BASE-T: 100 Ohms–two pairs shielded twisted pair cable (STP)
and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP).
The maximum usable distance is up to 100m
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UTP). The maximum usable distance is up to 100m.
Tab. 6.31 6× FE/L2 Card Ethernet Interfaces
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LEDs:
ON The link is up.
Green
FE port LED
ON Current transmitting or receiving data.
Yellow
OFF No data.
Tab. 6.32 6× FE/L2 Card LEDs
6.19.2 8× FE/T Card
Function
This module has 8× 10/100M Base-T IEEE 802.3 compatible Ethernet interface ports, and
can provide transparent transmission for up to 8× 10/100M connections.
− Supports GFP encapsulation (ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303)
− Scalable bandwidth through VC-12-Xv (X=1…46), VC-3-Xv(X=1..3) and LCAS
Minimal equipment investment this Ethernet module still provides very attractive services to
the end customers, like:
− Scalable bandwidth without having to change interfaces
− A transparent LAN service that hides the complexity of the WAN for end users (a WAN
that looks like a LAN)
− High availability LAN service because of end-to-end SDH protection switching.
LAN Port WAN Port
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 Octal EOS (GFP, Total 1× VC-4
4
8× RJ-45 100Base-T LCAS, to CC via
5 PHY VC-12-Xv) 5 backplane
6 6
7 7
8 8
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Fig. 6.31 8× FE/T Card Functional Block Diagram

Faceplate:
Fig. 6.32 8× FE/T Card Faceplate
Ethernet Interfaces:
RJ-45 connector
Standard compliance :
− 10BASE-T (IEEE 802.3)
− 100BASE-T (IEEE 802.3u)
− 10Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, and flow control)
FE Interface,
− 100Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, and flow control)
Electrical
Cables:
and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP). The
maximum usable distance is up to 100m
and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP). The
maximum usable distance is up to 100m.
Tab. 6.33 8× FE/T Card Ethernet Interfaces
LEDs:

ON The link is up.
Green
FE port LED
ON Current transmitting or receiving data.
Yellow
OFF No data.
Tab. 6.34 8× FE/T Card LEDs
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6.20 Optical Amplifier Card OA
Function
This OA (Optical Amplifier) card provides uni-directional single optical amplifier function with
optical performance monitoring capabilities. This card is designed to compensate losses in
the entire C band as Booster or Pre-amplifier in the Metro networks.
The OA card can be ordered (with different part numbers) to provide the following
applications:
– Post-amplifier, 13dBm Output Power
– Pre-amplifier, 20dB Gain
This module can be installed in any slots from LC1 to LC8, and TC1 to TC8.
The building block diagram of this card is depicted below.
OA Card
Optical Optical
Signal IN Signal OUT
EDFA Module
Embedded CPU
RS-232
FPGA
To SC (System Controller)
Fig. 6.33 OA Module Functional Building Block Diagram
The EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) sub-module is the core building block for this
card. It provides optical signal amplification function. With integrated fast digital circuit and
advanced software, the EDFA can be configured to operate at APC, ACC or AGC mode.
– APC (automatic power control) mode: In this mode, the optical output power is
maintained constant by adjusting the laser pump current to compensate minor changes
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in OA input power, component aging, and temperature variation. This mode is mainly
used in post-amplifier application.
– AGC (automatic gain control) mode: In this mode, the OA provides constant gain power
by adjusting the pump laser current to compensate minor changes in component aging
and temperature. This mode is mainly used in pre-amplifier application.
– ACC (automatic current control) mode: In this mode, the pump laser current is
maintained constant.
These modes could be set through software according to customer’s requirements. In

addition, other significant parameters that need to be pre-set are:
– Input optical power low threshold
– Output optical power low threshold
– Low and high temperature threshold for output power shutdown
The OA card provides the following performances monitoring parameters:

– OA Input Power (dBm), precision to 0.01dBm
– OA Output Power (dBm), precision to 0.01dBm
– OA Module Gain (dB), precision to 0.01dB
– OA Pump Power (mW), precision to 0.01mW
– OA module internal temperature, precision to 0.1 C degree
– OA module pump drive current, precision to 0.1 A
– OA power module power supply voltage, precision to 0.01V
All EDFA sub-modules above use single-stage or dual-stage un-cooled 980nm pump lasers.
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OA Card Safety Procedures

The OA card safety procedures are described in the table below.
Feature Description
ALS After 500 ms or more of continuous presence of the LOS defect, the
laser will automatically shutdown; the reduction of the optical output
power at OA input port occurs within 800 ms from the moment loss of
optical signal occurs at OA output port.
OA ALS Whenever the OA’s input signal vanishes, the OA’s optical output signal
will be shut down within 100 ms. When the input signal returns, the
output power will be restored within 100 ms.
Automatic Link The maximum optical signal restore delay is 100s.
restore The activation for Transmitter /Receiver is less than 0.85s.
The maximum deactivation time of booster and preamplifiers is 100 ms.
The maximum activation time of an booster is 100 ms.
The maximum activation time of preamplifier is 300 ms.
Manual Restore "Manual restart" or "Manual restart for test" can only be activated when
the laser is shut down.
Tab. 6.35 OA Card Safety Procedures
Faceplate:
Fig. 6.34 OA Card Faceplate
External Interface:
Connector Type LC connector
Optical Interface Pre-amp -35 to -10 dBm
Input power range
Booster amp. -6 to +3 dBm
Tab. 6.36 OA Card External Interface
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LEDs

There are fault conditions presented in this
ON
Fault Red module.
OFF This module is in normal condition.
ON The OA optical link is normal.
Link 1 Green
OFF The optical link is down.
Tab. 6.37 OA Card LEDs
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System Control and Monitoring
CHAPTER 7

In addition to the payload signals, control, monitoring and customer-specific data signals can
be transferred in the section overhead of the STM signals.
To ensure high operational safety, operation is continuously monitored by a network
management system or by an operating terminal.
Network elements not connected to an operating terminal still give information about the
operational state (for support in the case of maintenance work) via built-in indication
elements (see Chapter 7.1).
System control and monitoring are performed by the ‘System Controller’ (SC). The MSC
communicates with the traffic cards via different internal interfaces.
The equipment provides a SNMP/TCP/IP over Ethernet interface to connect to a Local Craft
Terminal.
For feature enhancements or debugging, software download is possible for all units of the
system. During download, the traffic is not affected.
The FW 4470 integrates in the following management functions in conformity with the
corresponding ITU-T Recommendations and ETS standards:
– Fault Management
– Configuration Management
– Performance Management
– Security Management
The following are of particular importance:
– Alarm processing (e.g. AIS, FTP) for localizing faulty equipment in the transmission
network.
– Fault diagnosis at card level (e.g. localizing a faulty card).
– Specifying and storing configuration data, this can be entered and requested by the
network management system or the FLEXR-L.
– Determining the quality parameters according to the ITU-T Recommendation G.826.
– Administration of the access authorization in the FLEXR-L for various user classes with
passwords.
General Fault Management Functions

Fault Management is concerned with the detection, localization, isolation, and reporting of
failures of the transmission signals processed by the FW 4470 and of its equipment. The
failures and the failure processing are differentiated in two failure classes: Transmission
Failures and Equipment Failures.
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In addition to these two failure categories, the FW 4470 supports external alarm contacts,
which can be used for signaling any kind of failure.
Failures are reported via the management interface and may also lead to alarm indications
at the FLEXR-L (card indications, NE indications, and transport functions indications).
The fault management functions are listed below:

– Detect anomalies
– Derive defects by eliminating spurious anomalies and to report some of them to the
fault management function
– Trigger automatic maintenance actions (AIS insertion, Laser shutdown, etc)
– Perform alarm reduction through correlation of defects
– Perform further alarm reduction through adjustable persistence checks
– Time stamp alarm events using the real time system clock
– Issue spontaneous alarm event notifications to the FLEXR-L/OS
– Use configurable alarm forwarding to prevent the report of unwanted alarm event
notifications
– Report alarms to the local alarm system
– Indicate fault states of replaceable units
– Store alarm events and the alarm states in the current problem list for later retrieval
– Support fault location for diagnosis and guiding of maintenance.
7.1 Indicating and Operating Elements of the Network Element

The indication elements (LEDs) on the cards (see 7.3.2) are a useful aid, particularly if
neither a Local Craft Terminal nor a network management system has been connected to
the FW 4470 equipment when an alarm occurs. The LEDs signal alarms at subrack and card
level.
7.1.1 Operating Devices of the FW 4470

In the Subrack Front Panel of the FW 4470 there is an acknowledgeable key ACO for
manual acknowledgment of the alarm messages.
7.1.2 Operating and Display Elements of the Cards

System LED
To assist in maintenance work, there are LEDs on the front of each card visible to users.
– A red FAULT LED to indicate card-internal alarms.
– A green PWR status LED to indicate card power supply status.
– Additionally to the red and the green LEDs which have the same behavior as on other
cards the Ethernet cards contain yellow and green LEDs for each port giving
information about Link Status and Link Activity to the operator and service technicians.
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Operating Elements of the Cards

No hardware settings have to be made on the printed circuit boards of the cards. The cards
are configured by software commands from the operating terminal or from a network
management system when commissioning or later change required.
Help Software configuration for cards is explained in the FW 4470 FLEXR-L Use Manual and
online help.
7.2 Control and Monitoring by FLEXR-C Network Management

System
Like other components of the FW product range, the FW 4470 integrates in the concept of a
central network management system FLEXR-C. The FLEXR-C network management
platform consists of the following components:
– FW 4470 FLEXR-L
– FLEXR-C (Sub-Network Management System)
-FLEXR-C
-FLEXR-C FLEXR-LLCT
FLEXR-L LCT
-FLEXR-LLCT
-FLEXR-L LCT
SNMP over SNMP over

TCP/IP TCP/IP
Sub-network
TCP/IP/
PPP/DCC
NE NE NE
NE
Fig. 7.1 Embedding of FW 4470 NEs in a TMN System
7.2.1 FW 4470 FLEXR-L

The access to the Network Elements via operating terminals is enabled by FW 4470 FLEXR-
L Software installed on the Craft Terminal.
The FW 4470 FLEXR-L is an element management system (EMS) with a graphical interface.
The FLEXR-L can manage any single NE via the DCC or DCN. The FLEXR-L supports
SNMP and can be connected to FW 4470 network elements via a network interface
(Ethernet) located at the system management interface panel.
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For details on FW 4470 FLEXR-L software components, see the FW 4470 User Manual.
7.2.2 FLEXR-C
The FLEXR-C provides both element management and sub-network management functions.
It supports ITU-T complied FCAPS function and extended these functions to the sub-network
level. The FLEXR-C not only provides SDH layer management functions, but also supports
the management of Ethernet, RPR, and ATM services, as well as other data interfaces．The
FLEXR-C offers a TMF814 northbound CORBA interface to interact with the FLEXR-C-Core.
More detailed FLEXR-C information is provided below:
FLEXR-C Architecture
FLEXR-C is based on a distributed client, server and database architecture. The
implementation technology is independent of operating systems, which enhances system
compatibility. The modular software design allows the FLEXR-C to provide integrated
management of SDH, ATM, RPR and Ethernet/IP networks in one platform and enables
scalability for introducing additional new technologies. The FLEXR-C allows multiple FLEXR-
C clients to manage the same network at the same time. Management at the Network
Management Level by the FLEXR-C or other higher-level network management system can
be reached via the TMF814 northbound CORBA interface of the FLEXR-C.
Element Management Function

FLEXR-C offers an advanced graphical interface to facilitate the configuration of each NE.
Operations on NEs are shown directly on a graphical chassis view. A graphical interface of
the NE shows modules and ports which directly correspond to the real ones being managed.
This gives the operator real-time status information, facilitating the management process.
FLEXR-C provides standard-based TMN capabilities, including:
– Fault Management
– Configuration Management
– Performance Management
– Security Management
– System Administration
Network Management Function

FLEXR-C provides layered management capabilities. Networks and services of different
technologies (TDM, ATM, RPR, Ethernet, etc.) carried over the same MSTP platform can be
managed and optimized independently through graphical management interfaces, appearing
as if they were independent networks. One network of MSTP equipment will appear to the
user as three different networks: an SDH network, an IP/Ethernet network, and an ATM
network. The FLEXR-C offers a total view of the managed MSTP network elements. It
provides many sophisticated network level functions in a user-friendly fashion.
Graphical End-to-End Provisioning and Maintenance
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FLEXR-C supports multi-service (TDM, ATM, RPR, Ethernet, etc.), graphical, end-to-end,
and fast service provisioning. This makes the creation, maintenance and management of
services significantly simpler for operators
Utilization Statistics for Network Resources and Bandwidth

This helps service providers optimize their networks by discovering potential bottlenecks
Topology Management
FLEXR-C provides a variety of network topology information. For instance, the SDH
synchronization topology enables a direct view and real-time monitoring of the timing status
and timing relationship between NEs. The FLEXR-C shows the topology map with different
icons to indicate different types of NEs and by using different lines to indicate different
bandwidth and various other user-friendly features.
Network Elements Auto-Discovery and Network Auto-Construction

For details on FLEXR-C software components, see the FLEXR-C User Manual.
7.3 Management System Protection

FLEXR-C provides the following mechanisms to ensure system and data security:
(1) Database backup and recovery
The FLEXR-C is designed to allow operators to select the database backup as either
a backup per request, or to perform backups periodically (using pre-defined tasks). All
backups will be maintained in the backup table. Operators can retrieve any backup
copies as needed.
The database backup tool can work independently of the network management
system. This feature ensures that even if the network management system does not
run, the database can still be backed up in time.
(2) MIB backup and recovery
A copy of the MIB in an NE can be transmitted to and saved at the SNM or kept in the
NE. When the MIB fails, the backup copy of the MIB can be downloaded to the NE for
use. The FLEXR-C provides the switch over from the current MIB to the backup MIB.
The system provides a separate MIB backup tool (integrated with database backup
tool), which can do periodic backup and management.
(3) NE software recovery
The FLEXR-C supports remote NE software download and switch over between NE
software loads.
7.4 NE Software
The FW 4470 NE software architecture is highlighted below.
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FLEXR-C NMS, or
FLEXR-L LCT
NE
SNMP Agent
Application Management Module

MIB
Hardware Drivers
Real-time, Multi-Task Operating System

(VxWorks)
Fig. 7.2 FW 4470 Software Architecture
7.4.1 Application Management Module

The application management module is the application layer software in the embedded
software system. Its main function is to fulfill configuration management and monitoring for
the NE. Via standard SNMP protocol, the application management module can inter-
communicate with the network management system, fulfill cross-connect management,
service protection configuration, performance monitoring and alarm surveillance. The
application management module can be divided into the following sub-management system
functions:
– CC (Cross-connect) module
– FM （Fault management） module
– PM （Performance management）module
– TM （Timing management） module
– IFM （Interface management） module
– Data management module
– MSP, MSSPRING and SNCP service protection module
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Each software sub-system can be divided into two layers: Manager and Agent. The
Manager’s main function is to receive requests from the network management system, and
then convert them into operating commands, which will be sent to the Agent. The Agent then
receives operating commands from the Manager, and fulfills the configuration function via
the interface provided by the hardware driven module. In addition, the Agent is in charge of
collecting hardware information (for example, hardware failure and performance statistics),
and sending them to the Manger. After related processing, the Manager converts and send
this data into information the network management software can read.
7.4.2 Hardware Driver Modules

The FW 4470 NE hardware includes many integrated circuit chipsets. Hardware driven
modules control these chipsets. The hardware driven modules provide the access interface
between the hardware and the higher layer software (the application management module).
The main functions of hardware driven modules include:
– Hardware initialization
– System auto testing
– Hardware configuration
– Interruption service
– Hardware information inquiring
– Alarm/Performance monitoring data collection and reporting
7.4.3 Real-Time Multi-Task Operation System

The embedded software in the FW 4470 NE was developed using the high performance
VxWorks real time operating system. VxWorks is a reliable embedded software platform. It
includes a high performance real time kernel, which supports preempting multi-task
scheduling based on priority. It also includes task management, timing management, storage
management, resource management, event management, resource management, message
management, queue management and semaphore management. These basic functions
offer powerful support for rapid, reliable application development.
7.4.4 SNMP Agent

The FW 4470 embedded software includes a standard SNMP agent module. The SNMP
agent is responsible for responding to all EMS/SNM requests including information requests
and action requests. It will also automatically generate event reports to the EMS/SNM.
The SNMP communication protocol includes 3 operations: Get, Set, and Trap. Through
these 3 combined operations, the SNMP Agent can fulfill all configuration management and
alarm monitoring function by intercommunicating with the MIB in the NEs.
The intercommunication process among the SNMP Agent, the MIB management module,
and the application management module is as follows: the SNMP Agent receives requests
from network management software, and then sends these requests to the MIB
management module. When the MIB management module receives requests it will cause
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the application management module to do the related operations to achieve system

management functions. At the same time, hardware driven modules and some application
management modules may generate related events and data, which will be needed to report
to network management software. This information will be sent to the network management
software via the application management module invoking interfaces provided by the SNMP
Agent and transmitting them by Trap.
7.4.5 MIB Management Module

The MIB management module is the interface of the management information database in
the embedded software system of the FW 4470 NE. The MIB includes all configuration
information and real time monitoring information in the NE. This information is managed by
the MIB management module uniformly to accomplish information storage, recovery,
retrieval, modification and notification functions.
7.5 Management Protocols and DCC

The FLEXR-C or FW 4470 FLEXR-L uses SNMPv2 protocols to communicate with FW 4470
NEs.
The FW 4470 system uses TCP/IP over the SDH data communication channels (DCC) or
Ethernet LAN (RJ-45 connector) to provide a local or remote craft interface for management
and monitoring. The FW 4470 supports the following DCC channels:
– Regeneration Section DCC (D1-D3 bytes)
– Multiplex Section DCC (D4-D12 bytes)
In the FW 4470, DCC is supported on all STM-N interfaces. FLEXR-C or FW 4470 FLEXR-L
enables you to select which DCC is used on each STM-N interface.
FLEXR-C supports TMF 814 CORBA northbound interface.
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Commissioning and Maintenance
CHAPTER 8
Commissioning and Maintenance
8.1 Commissioning
If the FW 4470 has to be configured on initial commissioning, a Local Craft Terminal has to
be connected to the Ethernet interface of the FW4470. The hardware and software
requirements of the craft terminal are described in manual ITMN. The craft terminal offers a
graphical, menu-driven user interface.
Detailed information for commissioning the FW 4470 equipment and the operating terminals
is given in the FW 4470 Installation and Test Manual.
8.2 Maintenance
The system provides sufficient alarm information to localize and clear the fault at card level.
No maintenance at regular intervals is required. Maintenance measures (e.g. fault localizing)
can be carried out locally via the local management interface (FLEXR-L/FLEXR-C) or under
remote control via the TCP/IP over DCC (FLEXR-L or a network management system).
Maintenance of the FW 4470 equipment is described in the FW 4470 Troubleshooting

Manual and in the online help system.
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Technical Data
CHAPTER 9
Technical Data
9.1 Traffic Interfaces
9.1.1 Optical STM-64 Interfaces

SR-1 [3] L-64.2c
S-64.2b L-64.2c
9 953.280 Mbit/s Unit For OC192 1550nm (Use
1550 nm 1555.75 nm
1300nm prechirp as DA)
Note
km 12 40 80 120
Distance variant
User class as per
User class as per ITU-T G.691
GR-253-CORE
Bit rate Kbit/s 9 953 280
Optical wavelength range nm 1261 to 1360 1530 to 1565 1530 to 1565 1555.75
Code Binary (NRZ)

Transmitting side
DML EML EML EML
Laser type. . . . . . . . . .. .
Spectral width
Root Mean Square. . . . . . . nm n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Measured 20 dB below max. level) nm 1.0 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Side mode suppression. .. . dB ≥ 30 ≥ 30 ≥ 30 ≥ 30
Extinction ratio value. . . . . . dB ≥6 ≥ 8.2 ≥9 ≥9
Launched power (at point S acc. To ITU- dBm 0 to -4 +2 to -1

T G.957) . . . . . +4 to 0 +4 to 0
Maximum launched power in fault
Laser class 1 Laser class 1
condition (at point S) acc. to Laser class 1 Laser class 1
Receiving side
Receiving diode. . . . . . . . PIN PIN APD APD
-12
Minimum receiving level for BER ≤ 10
dBm -11 -14
(at point R acc. To ITU-T G.scs) -23 -23
Minimum overload. . . . . . dBm -1 -1 -9 -9
Maximum reflectance of receiver (at
dB -27 -27
point R)
Fiber Behavior
Fiber type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Single mode (acc. Single mode Single mode (acc. Single mode (acc.
to ITU-T G.652) (acc. to ITU-T to ITU-T G.652) to ITU-T G.652)
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Technical Data
SR-1 [3] L-64.2c

S-64.2b L-64.2c
9 953.280 Mbit/s Unit For OC192 1550nm (Use
1550 nm 1555.75 nm
1300nm prechirp as DA)
G.652)
Permissible dispersion. . . . . . Ps/nm ≤40 ≤ 800 ≤ 1600 ≤ 1600
Path Penalty by dispersion. . dB ≤1 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2
Permissible section attenuation at max.
dB 0 to 6 11 to 3 11 to 20 11 to 20
dispersion
Tab. 9.1 STM-64 Port 1300nm / 1550nm
Note: For 120km transmission solution, the additional 13dBm booster amplifier at the TX
side and the 20dB Pre-amplifier with 40Km DCM at the Rx side are need simultaneously.
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Item Parameters Classification of STM-16/2.5Gbps
1 Application Code S-16.1 L-16.1 L-16.2
2 Supported Distance[km] ~15 ~40 ~80
3 Laser Types SLM SLM SLM
4 Central Wavelength [nm] 1261~1360 1261~1360 1480 ~ 1580
5 Max. Spectral Width [nm] σ-20dB=1 σ-20dB=1 σ-20dB=1
6 Min. SMSR [dB] 30 30 30
7 Average Launch Power [dBm] -5 ~ 0 -2 ~ 3 -2 ~ 3
8 Extinction Ratio [dB] 8.2 8.2 8.2
9 G.957 STM-16 Mask Margin 15% 15% 15%
10 Receiver Types PIN APD APD
11 Mini. Overload [dBm] 0 -9 -9
12 Receiver Sensitivity @BOL [dBm] -21 -30 -30
13 Receiver Sensitivity @ HT. [dBm] -19 -28 -29
14 Receiver Sensitivity @EOL [dBm] -18 -27 -28
15 Optical Path Penalty [dB] 1 1 2
16 Max. Reflect. of receiver [dB] NA -27 -27
17 Digital Diagnostics Function Yes Yes Yes
Tab. 9.2 Optical Performance of Optical Transceiver SFP at rate of 2.5Gbps
Note 1: The impact factors for path penalty value include the dispersion, non-linear and other
effects. But dispersion is the main effect we should consider. Generally, we use
G.652 fiber to test the path penalty of the SFP transceivers in all cases.
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Technical Data
Item Parameters Classification of STM-16/2.5Gbps

DWDM U-
1 Application Code V-16.2 U-16.2
16.2
2 Supported Distance[km] ~120 ~160 ~180
3 Laser Types Un-cooled SLM Un-cooled SLM Cooled SLM
4 Central Wavelength [nm] 1530 ~ 1560 1530 ~ 1560 1555.75
5 Max. Spectral Width [nm] σ-20dB=1 σ-20dB=1 σ-20dB=1
6 Min. SMSR [dB] 30 30 30
7 Average Launch Power [dBm] -2 ~ 3 -2 ~ 3 -2 ~ 3
8 Extinction Ratio [dB] 8.2 8.2 8.2
9 G.957 STM-16 Mask Margin 15% 15% 15%
10 Receiver Types APD APD APD
11 Mini. Overload [dBm] -9 -9 -9

Receiver Sensitivity @BOL
12 -30 -30 -30
[dBm]
Receiver Sensitivity @ HT.
13 -29 -29 -29
[dBm]
Receiver Sensitivity @EOL
14 -28 -28 -28
[dBm]
15 Optical Path Penalty [dB] 3 3 3
16 Max. Reflect. of receiver [dB] -27 -27 -27
17 Dispersion [ps/nm] 2400 3200 2400
18 Digital Diagnostics Function Yes Yes Yes
Tab. 9.3 Optical Performance of Ultra Long Haul SFP at rate of 2.5Gbps
Note 1: V-16.2 SFP has the same optical parameter as L-16.2 SFP except its dispersion can
be up to 2400ps/nm;
Note 2: U-16.2 SFP has the same optical parameter as L-16.2 SFP except its dispersion can
be up to 3200ps/nm;
Note 3: DWDM U-16.2 SFP is one of 44 channels DWDM SFP listed in 2.3.8 section; its
wavelength is a special one (1555.75nm).
Note 4: The wavelength stability of DWDM U-16.2 SFP is 100pm.
Note 5: 120km transmission solution needs V-16.2 SFP plus 13dBm booster amplifier
Note 6: 160km transmission solution needs U-16.2 SFP plus 18dBm booster amplifier
Note 7: 180km transmission solution needs DWDM U-16.2 SFP plus 18dBm booster
amplifier and preamp with filter and 680ps/nm DCM (suppose the fiber dispersion
@1555.75nm is 17ps/nm)
Note 8: DWDM SFP should be compatible with DWDM SFP MSA (Sept., 2005)
Note 9: The wavelength of V-16.2 and U-16.2 SFP should be within the range of 1530nm ~
1560nm over life and temperature.
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Item Parameters Classification
1 Application Code C8L1-1D2/ C8L1-0D2
2 Data Bit Rate 622Mbps ~ 2.67Gbps
3 Laser Types SLM

1471 + 20 m
4 Central Wavelength [nm]
m = 0 to 7
4.1 Channel Spacing [nm] 20
4.2 Maximum central wavelength deviation [nm] ±6.5
5 Max. Spectral Width [nm] σ-20dB=1
6 Min. SMSR [dB] 30
7 Average Launch Power [dBm] 0~5
8 Extinction Ratio [dB] 8.2
9 ITU-T G.957 STM-16 Mask Margin 15%
10 Receiver Types APD
11 Mini. Overload [dBm] -9
12 Receiver Sensitivity @BOL [dBm] -30
13 Receiver Sensitivity @ HT. [dBm] -29
14 Receiver Sensitivity @EOL [dBm] -28
15 Optical Path Penalty [dB] 2
16 Max. Reflect. of receiver [dB] -27
17 Dispersion [ps/nm] 1600
18 Digital Diagnostics Function Yes
Tab. 9.4 Optical Performance of Multi-rate CWDM SFP
Note 1: 8 channels CWDM SFP are supported. Its optical performance is compliant with
G.695. C8L1-1D2 is for STM-16 application and C8L1-0D2 is for GE application. It
can support multi-rate application: STM-4/16, STM-16 FEC and GE. Their
wavelengths are 1471nm, 1491nm, 1511nm, 1531nm, 1551nm, 1571nm, 1591nm,
1611nm.
Note 2: Other items are the same as the above. The RX sensitivity is based on 2.48832bps
bit rate.
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Technical Data
Item Parameters Classification

1 Application Code
2 Data bit rate 2.48832 to 2.666057 Gbps
3 Laser Type Cooled SLM
4 100 GHz channel grid in the C-band:
Wavelength range 191.70-196.0 THz, wavelength
selected
4.1 Wavelength stability (over life &
± 12.5 GHz (± 100 pm)
temperature)
5 Spectral width (-20dB) modulated 0.5nm
6 Side mode suppression ratio > 30 dB
7 Average launch power 0 dBm to + 4 dBm
8 Extinction ratio > 9 dB (BOL), 8.2 dB (EOL)
9 ITU-T G.957 STM-16 Mask Margin 15%
10 Receiver Types APD
11 Minimum overload -9dBm
12 Rx sensitivity @BOL -30dBm
13 Rx sensitivity @HT. -29dBm
14 Rx sensitivity @EOL. -28dBm
15 Path Penalty 3 dB
16 Receiver reflectance < -27 dB
17 Dispersion tolerance -2400 ps/nm … + 2400 ps/nm
18 Digital diagnostic function Yes
Tab. 9.5 Optical Performance of Multi-rate DWDM SFP
Note 1: 44 channels DWDM SFP are supported. It can support STM-16 and STM-16 FEC
application. Its channel spacing is 100GHz. Its wavelength table is as follows.
DWDM SFP should be compatible with DWDM SFP MSA (Sept., 2005)
Note 2: Please notice that 192.7THz (1555.75nm) DWDM SFP will be used for 180km ultra-
long haul transmission application.
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ITU ITU
Frequency Wavelength Frequency Wavelength
Channel Channel
(THz) (nm) (THz) (nm)
Number Number
60 196.00 1529.55 38 193.8 1546.92
59 195.9 1530.33 37 193.7 1547.72
58 195.8 1531.12 36 193.6 1548.51
57 195.7 1531.90 35 193.5 1549.32
56 195.6 1532.68 34 193.4 1550.12
55 195.5 1533.47 33 193.3 1550.92
54 195.4 1534.25 32 193.2 1551.72
53 195.3 1535.04 31 193.1 1552.52
52 195.2 1535.82 30 193.0 1553.33
51 195.1 1536.61 29 192.9 1554.13
50 195.0 1537.40 28 192.8 1554.94
49 194.9 1538.19 27 192.7 1555.75
48 194.8 1538.98 26 192.6 1556.55
47 194.7 1539.77 25 192.5 1557.36
46 194.6 1540.56 24 192.4 1558.17
45 194.5 1541.35 23 192.3 1558.98
44 194.4 1542.14 22 192.2 1559.79
43 194.3 1542.94 21 192.1 1560.61
42 194.2 1543.73 20 192.0 1561.42
41 194.1 1544.53 19 191.9 1562.23
40 194.0 1545.32 18 191.8 1563.05
39 193.9 1546.12 17 191.7 1563.86
Tab. 9.6 Multi-rate DWDM SFP wavelength table
ITU Channel Number Wavelength (nm)

9 1471
10 1491
11 1511
12 1531
13 1551
14 1571
15 1591
16 1611
Tab. 9.7 Multi-rate CWDM SFP wavelength table
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Item Parameters Classification of STM-4/622Mbps
1 Application Code S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2 V-4.2
2 Supported Distance[km] ~15 ~40 ~80 ~120
3 Laser Types MLM MLM/SLM SLM SLM

1480 ~ 1480 ~
4 Central Wavelength [nm] 1261~1360 1261~1360
1580 1580
σRMS=1.7/
5 Max. Spectral Width [nm] σRMS=2.5 σ-20dB=1 σ-20dB=1
σ-20dB=1
6 Min. SMSR [dB] NA NA/30 30 30
7 Average Launch Power [dBm] -15 ~ -8 -3 ~ 2 -3 ~ 2 0~4
8 Extinction Ratio [dB] 8.2 10 10 10
9 G.957 STM-4 Mask Margin 15% 15% 15% 15%
10 Receiver Types PIN PIN PIN APD
11 Mini. Overload [dBm] -8 -8 -8 -18
12 Receiver Sensitivity @BOL [dBm] -31 -31 -31 -36
13 Receiver Sensitivity @ HT. [dBm] -29 -29 -29 -35
14 Receiver Sensitivity @EOL [dBm] -28 -28 -28 -34
15 Optical Path Penalty [dB] 1 1 1 1
16 Max. Reflect. of receiver [dB] NA -14 -27 -27
17 Digital Diagnostics Function Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tab. 9.8 Optical Performance of Optical Transceiver SFP at rate of 622Mbps
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Item Parameters Classification of STM-1/155Mbps
1 Application Code S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 V-1.2
2 Supported Distance Range [km] ~15 ~40 ~80 ~120
3 Laser Types MLM MLM/SLM SLM SLM

1261~136 1261~136
4 Central Wavelength [nm] 1480 ~ 1580 1480 ~ 1580
0 0
σRMS=3/
5 Max. Spectral Width [nm] σRMS=7.7 σ-20dB=1 σ-20dB=1
σ-20dB=1
6 Min. SMSR [dB] NA NA/30 30 30
7 Average Launch Power [dBm] -15 ~ -8 -5 ~ 0 -5 ~ 0 0~4
8 Extinction Ratio [dB] 8.2 10 10 10
9 G.957 STM-1 Mask Margin 15% 15% 15% 15%
10 Receiver Types PIN PIN PIN PIN
11 Mini. Overload [dBm] -8 -10 -10 -10
12 Receiver Sensitivity @BOL [dBm] -31 -37 -37 -37
13 Receiver Sensitivity @ HT. [dBm] -29 -35 -35 -35
14 Receiver Sensitivity @EOL [dBm] -28 -34 -34 -34
16 Max. Reflect. of receiver [dB] NA NA -25 -25
Tab. 9.9 Optical Performance of Optical Transceiver SFP at rate of 155Mbps
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9.1.5 Electrical 155Mbit/s Interface
All marks of a valid signal must conform to the

Pulse Shape
mask irrespective of the sign. The value V
(Nominally Rectangular)
corresponds to the nominal peak value.
Pair(s) in each direction One coaxial pair
Test load impedance 75 Ohms resistive
Peak voltage of a space (no
1±0.1 V
pulse)
Rise time between 10% and 2 ns
90% amplitudes of the
measured steady state
amplitude
Transition timing tolerance
Negative transitions: ±0.1 ns
referred to the mean value of
Positive transitions at unit interval boundaries: ±0.5
the 50% amplitude points of
ns
negative transitions Negative
Positive transitions at mid-unit intervals: ± 0.35 ns
transitions:
Return loss ≥15 dB over frequency range 8 MHz to 240 MHz
A1 (UIp- A2 (UIp-
Rate ¦t (kHz) ¦0 (kHz)
Maximum peak-to-peak p) p)
jitter at an output port
155 520
65 6.5 0.15 1.5
kbit/s
Tab. 9.10 155 520 kbit/s electrical interface parameters
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Parameter Specification
Nominal line 44 736 kbit/s
rate
Line rate In a self timed, free running mode, the line rate tolerance shall be ±895
accuracy bits/s (±20 ppm) or better.
Line code B3ZS (bipolar with three-zero substitutions)
Frame structure The signal shall have the frame structure defined in Recommendation
G.752 to ensure transmission through all types of 44 736 kbit/s transport
equipment. The frame structure is not required for multiplexing to higher
level DSN signals.
Medium One unbalanced coaxial line shall be used for each direction of
transmission.
Test load A resistive test load of 75 ohms ±5% shall be used at the interface for the
impedance evaluation of pulse shape and the electrical parameters specified below.
Pulse amplitude The amplitude (Note 1) of an isolated pulse shall be between 0.36 V and
0.85 V peak.
Power level A wideband power measurement of an AIS signal (as defined in
Recommendation G.704) using a power level sensor with a working
frequency range of 200 MHz shall be between -4.7 dBm and +3.6 dBm,
including the effects of a range of connecting cable lengths between 68.6
meters (225 feet) and 137.2 meters (450 feet). A low-pass filter having a
flat pass band and cutoff frequency of 200 MHz shall be used. The roll off
characteristics of this filter are not important; or
an alternate power level specification of the power of an all-ones signal
(Note 2) is useful for some equipment qualifications. It requires that the
power in a 3 kHz ± 1 kHz band centered at 22 368 kHz be between -1.8
dBm and +5.7 dBm. It further requires that the power in a 3 kHz ±1 kHz
band centered at 44 736 kHz be at least 20 dB below that at 22 368 kHz.
Pulse imbalance 1) The ratio of amplitudes of positive and negative isolated pulses shall be
between 0.90 and 1.10.
2) Positive and negative isolated pulses shall both conform to the mask of
Figure 14.
DC power There shall be no DC power applied at the interface.
Verification Access to the signal at the interface shall be provided for verification of
access these signal specifications.
NOTE 1 – While both voltage and power requirements are given to assist in qualification of
signals at the interface, the values are not equivalent. Voltage specifications are given for
isolated pulses, while power levels are specified for an AIS signal, or alternatively an all-ones
signal.
NOTE 2 – The all-ones signal is not realizable within the frame structure specified in
Recommendation G.752, and is not encountered in North American telecommunication
networks.
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Technical Data
Parameter Specification
Nominal line rate 34 368 kbit/s
Pair(s) in each direction One coaxial pair
Test load impedance 75 ohms resistive
Nominal peak voltage of a mark (pulse) 1.0 V
Peak voltage of a space (no pulse) 0 V ±0.1 V
Nominal pulse width 14.55 ns
Ratio of the amplitudes of positive and negative
0.95 to 1.05
pulses at the center of a pulse interval
Ratio of the widths of positive and negative pulses at
0.95 to 1.05
the nominal half amplitude
Maximum peak-to-peak jitter at an output port Refer to clause 2/G.823
9.1.8 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interfaces

Bit rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 048 kbit/s
Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HDB3
Frequency tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 50 ppm (input)
Permissible cable attenuation at 1024 kHz . . . . . . . . 0 dB to 6 dB
Nominal impedance (input and output)
acc. to ITU-T G.703. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Ω (unbalanced) or
120 Ω (balanced),
( depending on hardware type)
Return loss
51 kHz to 102 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 12 dB (in), > 6 dB (out)
102 kHz to 2 048 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 18 dB (in), > 8 dB (out)
2 048 kHz to 3 072 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 14 dB (in), > 8 dB (out)
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Technical Data
9.1.9 Gigabit Ethernet Interface, Optical
Item Parameters Classification of GbE/1.25Gbps

1 Application Code 1000Base- 1000Base- 1000Base 1000Base-
SX LX ZX
2 Supported Distance[km] ~0.5 ~10 ~35 ~80
3 Laser Types MLM MLM MLM/SLM SLM
4 Central Wavelength [nm] 770 ~ 860 1270~1355 1270~1355 1480 ~
1580
5 Max. Spectral Width [nm] σRMS=0.85 σRMS=4 σRMS=2/ σ-20dB=1
σ-20dB=1
6 Min. SMSR [dB] NA NA 30 30
7 Average Launch Power [dBm] -9.5 ~ -3 -9.5 ~ -3 -4 ~ 0 0~4
8 Extinction Ratio [dB] 9 9 9 9
9 IEEE802.3 Mask Margin 10% 15% 15% 15%
10 Receiver Types PIN PIN PIN PIN
11 Mini. Overload [dBm] 0 -3 -3 -3
12 Receiver Sensitivity @BOL -20 -22 -24 -24
13 Receiver Sensitivity @ HT. -19 -21 -23 -23
14 Receiver Sensitivity @EOL -17 -19 -22 -22
16 Max. Reflect. Of receiver [dB] -12 -12 -12 -25
Tab. 9.13 Optical Performance of Optical Transceiver SFP at rate of GE/1.25Gbps
Note 1: The1000Base with extension distance about 35km and 80km is a customized
product that we will provide to our customs. But according to IEEE802.3, only two
standard types (1000Base-SX and 1000Base-LX) are defined clearly.
Note 2: Measured at bit error rate (BER) of 10e-12, using 2^7-1 PRBS test data pattern.
Note 3: To consider of aging factor, we define the receiver sensitivity at the beginning of life
(BOL) should be 2~3dB better than the standard values listed in the ITU-T G.957,
according to the application code.
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Technical Data
9.1.10 Gigabit Ethernet Interface 1000BaseT, Electrical
1000 BaseT Gigabit Ethernet poet acc. to IEEE 802.3-2002, IEEE 802.3ab
Distance variants 1000BaseT
User class as per IEEE 802.3-2002, IEEE 802.3ab
Nominal bit rate 125.000 kBaud
Frequency tolerance ± 100ppm
Code 8B/10B. scrambled, MLT5
Connector receptacle Shielded RJ45
Transmitter behavior
Output impedance 100 W differential
Peak differential output voltage 0.67 V to 0.82 V (0.75 V±0.83 dB).
level accuracy < 1%.( points A and B)

Maximum output droop Vg >Vf * 73.1%
Vj >Vh * 73.1%
Differential output templates lie within the time domain template
Transmitter distortion <10mV
Master PHY Transmitter timing Jitter Unfiltered: <1.4 ns
Filtered:<0.3ns
Transmit Clock Frequency 125MHz±0.01％
Return loss 2 MHz <f <40 MHz: > 16 dB
40 MHz < f < 100 MHz: [10 – 20 * log(f /80 MHz)] dB
Impedance balance 20lg(Ecm/Ediff）> 34-19.2lg（f/50）dB
common-mode output voltage <50mV
Receiver behavior
Slave PHY Transmitter timing Jitter Unfiltered:<1.4ns；Filtered:< 0.4ns
Alien Crosstalk noise rejection frame error rate<10E-7
Receiver frequency tolerance 125.00MHz±0.01%.
Common-mode noise rejection 1M–250 MHz noise.
Cable behavior
Connector plug Shielded RJ45
Cable type S/UTP
Category 5
Operating distance 100 m
BER < 10E-10 ( 100 m)
Tab. 9.14 Gigabit Ethernet Traffic Interface (1000BaseT)
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9.1.11 Fast Ethernet Interfaces 100BaseTX, Electrical
100 BaseTX Fast Ethernet poet acc. to IEEE 803.3u

Distance variants 100BaseTX
User class as per IEEE 802.3u
Nominal bit rate 125.000 kBaud
Frequency tolerance ± 100ppm
Code 4B/5B. scrambled, MLT3
Connector
receptacle Shielded RJ45
Transmitter behavior
Output impedance 100 Ω differential
Return loss 2 MHz ≤ f ≤ 30 MHz: > 16 dB
30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 60 MHz: [16 – 20 * log(f /30 MHz)] dB
60 MHz ≤ f ≤ 80 MHz: > 10 dB
Level (950…1050)mV
Single amplitude
symmetry 0.98 to 1.02
Rise/fall time 3 ns c t r,f ≤ 5 ns, (10 to 90%)
Duty cycle DCD < 0.5 ns (referred to 50 % of Vout)
Output jitter < 1.4 ns peak-peak
Overshoot ≤ 0.05 * Vout
Receiver behavior
Output impedance 100Ω differential
Return loss 2 MHz ≤ f ≤ 30 MHz: > 16 dB
30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 60 MHz: [16 – 20 * log(f /30 MHz)] dB
60 MHz ≤ f ≤ 80 MHz: > 10 dB
Signal detect Assert-Time < 1000 ms
De-assert-Time < 350 ms
BER < 1E-2
Cable behavior
Connector plug Shielded RJ45
Cable type S/UTP
Category 5
Operating distance < 100 m
Insertion loss ≤ 19 dB (12.5 MHz, 100 m)
Tab. 9.15 Fast Ethernet Traffic Interface (100BaseTX)
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Technical Data
9.1.12 Electrical Ethernet Interfaces 10BaseT

Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IEEE 802.3
Bit rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Mbit/s
Frequency tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 MHz
PMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NRZI serial
Connector type at subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RJ-45
All details regarding the 10BaseT physical layer can be found in clauses 7 and 14 of IEEE
802.3.
9.1.13 OA Interface Performance Specifications
Parameters Min. Max. Units

Operating Temperature 0 65 °C
Storage temperature -40 85 °C
Environment (ESD/EMC) 700/85% V/-
Tab. 9.16 EDFA absolute ratings
Parameters Standards
General requirements GR-1312-Core: Generic Requirements for Optical Fiber
Amplifiers and Proprietary Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplexed Systems; Issue 3; April 1999
Reliability GR-418-Core: Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for
Fiber Optic Transport Systems; Issue 2; December 1999
Physical Protection GR-63-Core: Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS)
Requirements: Physical Protection; Issue 1; October 1995
Safety GR-1089-Core: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical
Safety - Generic Criteria for Network Telecommunications
Equipment; Issue 2, February 1999
Fiber Optical Testing GR-1209-CORE Testing, Generic Requirements For Passive
Optical Components Test
GR-1221-CORE Testing. Generic Reliability Assurance
Requirements For Passive Optical Components
Notes:
The vendor is required to provide a reliability budget for the EDFA module. A
qualification report detailing the testing performed on the modules and the internal
components to show compliance to the relevant standards and life-test
information that justifies the FIT budget should back up this reliability information.
Tab. 9.17 EDFA reliability and standards requirements
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Technical Data
Parameters Description Note

Wavelength Range 1540nm~1562nm 1
Pump Laser Uncooled pump
Configuration Single pump, single stage 2
Gain Flattening without GFF 3
Control Modes APC, AGC, and ACC
Transient Suppress Control Transient Suppress Circuit
Application Types Booster or Preamplifier
Notes:
1. This wavelength range is specified as the max. wavelength range for the erbium-
doped fiber amplifier using in 4-channel application;
2. This configuration is designed for 4 channel system up to now; but to more than 4
channel application, dual pump or dual stages may be required for obtaining high
gain or large output power;
3. For 4 channels applications, the GFF (gain flatten filter) is not required for obtaining
the fine gain flatness; but to more than 4 channel application system, the GFF is
required for optimizing the gain flatness.
Tab. 9.18 General requirements for Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
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Technical Data
Parameters Min. Type Max. Unit Notes

General Specifications (for all types Booster)
Wavelength Range 1528 1562 nm
Noise Figure 5.0 5.5 dB 3
Optical Power Detection Accuracy ±0.5 dB
Polarization Mode dispersion 0.3 0.5 ps
Polarization Dependent Gain ±0.2 ±0.5 dB
Return loss 45 dB
Transient Overshoot (5dB Add/Drop) 0.5 1.0 dB
Transient Suppress Speed (5dB Add/Drop) 0.5 ms
Spec. for Post-amp 13dBm
Input Power Range -6 3 dBm
Nominal Gain 10 dB 1
Saturation Power 13 dBm 2
Notes:
1. The Nominal Gain is the preferred value for optimizing gain flatness over the
transmission range;
2. The Saturation Power is specified by the maximum of Input Power Range at the
Nominal Gain Value;
3. The typical values of Noise Figure are specified at the Nominal Gain with the Max.
Input Power and with other Input Power, the Noise Figure should not overset the
maximum value.
Tab. 9.19 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Booster
FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

CHAPTER 9
Technical Data
Parameters Min. Type Max. Unit Notes

Wavelength Range 1528 1563 nm
Input Power Range -35 -10 dBm
Small Signal Gain 20 dB
Output Power Range @ PIN=-10dBm -17 3 dBm
Gain flatness @Gain=13dB ±0.5 ±1.0 dB 1
Noise Figure 5.0 5.5 dB
Optical Power Detection Accuracy ±0.5 dB
Polarization Mode dispersion 0.3 0.5 ps
Polarization Dependent Gain ±0.2 ±0.5 dB
Return loss 45 dB
Transient Overshoot (5dB Add/Drop) 0.5 1.0 dB
Transient Suppress Speed (5dB Add/Drop) 0.5 ms
Notes:
1. The Typ. values of Gain Flatness are specified at the Small Signal Gain with
the Max. Input Power, and the Max. Value is specified at the Small Signal Gain
over the Input Power range.
Tab. 9.20 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Preamplifier
FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

CHAPTER 9
Technical Data
9.2 Control Interfaces
9.2.1 SNMP/TCP/IP/Ethernet for Network Management System

Bit rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 10/100 Mbit/s
Plug connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RJ45
9.3 Signaling Interfaces
9.3.1 Fault Indication and Services Status LEDs

System Interface Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LED (green) power
1 LED (red) Critical
1 LED (red) Major
1 LED (red) Minor
SC Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LED (green) power
1 LED (red) FAULT
1 LED (green) ACT
Interface Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LED (green) power
1 LED (red) FAULT
9.3.2 Alarm Contacts

Alarm outputs
Critical/Major. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . urgent alarm
Minor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . non-urgent alarm
Electrical characteristics
Switch Voltage:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. 30VDC/30VAC
Load Current:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. 500 mA
Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . short cut
Inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . open
9.3.3 MDI/MDO Interfaces for Customer-specific Channels

MDI Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RJ45 for 4 MDI inputs (sensors)
MDO Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RJ45 for 2 MDO outputs (actor)
Activation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The MDI input and MDO
output ports are transparently
FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

CHAPTER 9
Technical Data
controlled via the

management interfaces of the
FW 4470
MDI Input Interface electrical characteristics
+ −
Voltage Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5V< (MDI )− (MDI )<+5.5V
+ −
Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +3V<(MDI )− (MDI )<+5.5V
+ −
Inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5V<(MDI )− (MDI )<+1V
MDO Output Interface electrical characteristics

Switch Voltage: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. 30VDC/30VAC
Load Current: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. 500 mA
Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . short cut
Inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . open
9.4 Interfaces for Network Clock Synchronization
9.4.1 2048-kbit/s Interface
Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITU-T G.703 (frequency

range limited to ± 4.6 ppm)
Input Interface T3
Input frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048 kbit/s
Balanced mode:
Input impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Ω
Input voltage U0P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 V to 1.9 V
Unbalanced mode:
Input impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Ω
Input voltage U0P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.375 V to 1.5 V
Output frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048 kHz
Output Interface T4
Output frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048 kbit/s
Output voltage U0P
With balanced load (120 Ω in parallel with 60 pF) . . . . 1.0 V to 1.9 V
With unbalanced load (75 Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.75 V to 1.5 V
FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

CHAPTER 9
Technical Data
9.5 Switching and Delay Times
9.5.1 MSPRing Protection Switching

Switching time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acc. to ITU-T G.841
External switch requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . manual switch, lockout, forced,
clear
Internal switch requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, RS-TIM,
MS-AIS, MS-EXC)
SD (from MS-DEG)
Switching type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N/A
Wait-to-restore time (for revertive operation) . . . . . . . 1 min to 12 min (1 second steps)
Operation type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . revertive
9.5.2 MSP Line Protection Switching

Switching time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acc. to ITU-T G.841
External switch requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . manual switch, lockout, forced,
clear
Internal switch requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, RS-TIM,
MS-AIS, MS-EXC)
SD (from MS-DEG)
Switching type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unidirectional (single-ended) or
bidirectional (dual-ended)
Wait-to-restore time (for revertive operation) . . . . . . . 1 min to 12 min (1 second steps)
Operation type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . revertive, non-revertive
9.5.3 SNC/I Path Protection Switching

External switch requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . manual switch, lockout, forced,
clear
Internal switch requests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SF (from SSF)
SD (from MS-DEG)
Switching type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unidirectional or bidirectional
Configurable persistency (hold-off time) . . . . . . . . . . 1 min to 12 min (1 second steps)
Operation type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . revertive or non-revertive
9.6 Power Supply

Input DC voltage (acc. to ETS 300 132-2) . . . . . . . . –48 V
(Range −40V ~ −72 V)
Power consumption (worst case equipped) . . . . . . . about 450 W
FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

CHAPTER 9
Technical Data
Maximum power consumption of cards:

DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 W
FAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 W
SC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 W
CC [70G/5G] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 W
1× STM-64 (SR-1 12 Km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 W
1× STM-64 (S64.2 40 Km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 W
1× STM-64 (L64.2 80 Km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 W
1× STM-64 (L64.2 1555.75nm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 W
1× STM-16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15W
4× STM-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15W
4× STM-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13W
4× STM-1 EW (W/P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13W
4× STM-1 E EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6W
3× E3/DS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5W
3× E3/DS3 (W/P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7W
3× E3/DS3 EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1W
2× GE/T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6W
2× GE+8× FE/AE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25W
2× GE+8× FE RPRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30W
6× FE/L2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 W
8× FE/T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 W
21× E1 RT (120/75 Ohm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 W
13 dBm OA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6W
15 dBm OA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8W
18 dBm OA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10W
20 dBm POA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6W
9.7 Environmental Conditions
9.7.1 Climatic Conditions

Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.1e
o o
Long term Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 C ~ 45 C
Long term Relative Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10% ~ 90% (40 oC )
Short term Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10 oC ~ 50 oC
o
Short term Relative Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5% ~ 95% (40 C )
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETS 300 019 Class 1.2
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 oC ~ 60 oC
FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

CHAPTER 9
Technical Data
Relative Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% ~ 98%

Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETS 300 019 Class 2.3
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 oC ~ 60 oC
Relative Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% ~ 98%
9.7.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC

Electromagnetic immunity in compliance with. . . . . . ETS 300 386-1 v1.3.1
Conducted Emission
DC-power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETS 300 386-1 (corresponds with
EN 55022 class B for 0.15 to 30 MHz)
Telecom ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CISPR 22 (1997), Class A
Electromagnetic emission in compliance with . . . . . . EN 55022 Class A
Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-2, Level 4
Radiated Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-3, Level 2
Electrical Fast Transients - DC Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-4, Level 1
Electrical Fast Transients - Telecom Ports . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-4, Level 2
Surges - Indoor Telecom Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-5, Level 1
Continuous Wave (all ports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-6, Level 2
9.8 Dimensions in mm
Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 × 2200 × 300
Subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 × 566.3 × 299.14 (W×H×D)
Cards: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W × H)
DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 × 41.5
Air Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 × 36.5
SC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
CC [70G/5G] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 × 35.5
1× STM-64. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
1× STM-16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
4× STM-4/1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
2× GE/T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 × 35.5
2× GE+8FE/AE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 × 35.5
2× GE+8FE/RPRE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 × 35.5
6× FE/L2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
8× FE/T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
21× E1 RT (120/75Ohm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

CHAPTER 9
Technical Data
3× E3/DS3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5

3× E3/DS3 (W/P). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
3× E3/DS3 EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
4× STM-1 EW (W/P). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
4× STM-1 E EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
OA (all type).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 × 35.5
9.9 Weights in kg
Rack according to ETSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.0

Subrack (unequipped): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9
Cards:
DC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.593
Fan Tray. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.200
SC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.365
CC [70G/5G] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.671
1× STM-64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.506
1× STM-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.336
4× STM-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.351
4× STM-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.351
4× STM-1 EW (W/P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.325
4× STM-1 E EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.263
3× E3/DS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.255
3× E3/DS3 (W/P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.252
3× E3/DS3 EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.267
21× E1 RT (120/75 Ohm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.358
2× GE/T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.354
2× GE+8× FE/AE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.387
2× GE+8× FE RPRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.387
6× FE/L2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.270
8× FE/T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.270
OA( All type ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.170
FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

CHAPTER 10
Abbreviations
CHAPTER 10
Abbreviations
1000BaseLX Gigabit Ethernet (Optical Interface)
1000BaseSX Gigabit Ethernet (Optical Interface)
1000BaseTx Gigabit Ethernet (Electrical Dual Twisted Pair Interface)
ADM Add-/Drop Multiplexer
AIS Alarm Indication Signal (G.782, G.783)
ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AU Administrative Unit (G.782) (G.783)
AUG Administrative Unit Group
B3ZS Binary 3 Zero Suppression (Code)
CC Cross-Connect
CMI Code Mark Inversion
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
DC Direct Current
DCC Data Communication Channel
DCCM DCC Multiplex Section (bytes D4 to D12)
DCCR DCC Regenerator Section (bytes D1 to D3)
DEG Signal Degraded
EM Element Manager
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EN European Standard
EOW Engineering Order Wire
EPL Ethernet Private Line
EPLAN Ethernet Private LAN
EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line
EVPLAN Ethernet Virtual Private LAN
ETS European Telecommunication Standard
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
F Standardized Interface for the Connection to a Local Craft Terminal
FAULT Fault Alarm LED
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FE Fast Ethernet
FO Fiber Optic
FTP File Transfer Protocol
GBE Gigabit Ethernet
GBR Gigabit Ethernet
GFP Generic Framing Procedure
GUI Graphical User Interface
GUIMN Graphical User Interface Manual
HBT High Bandwidth Tributary
HDLC High-Level Data Link Control
HEC Header Error Control
HO High Order (SDH Traffic)
HW Hardware
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3
CHAPTER 10
Abbreviations
IP Interworking Protocol (G.784)

ITMN Installation and Test Manual
ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU
LAN Local Area Network
LBT Low Bandwidth Tributary
LED Light Emitting Diode
LLC Logical Link Control
LO Low Order (SDH Traffic)
LOF Loss of Frame (G.783)
LOS Loss of Signal (G.783)
LP Lockout of Protection
LXC Local Cross-connect
MAC Media Access Control (ISO/IEC)
MCF Message Communications Function (G.782/783/784)
MIB Management Information Base
MSP Multiplex Section Protection
MSTP Multi-Service Transport Platform
MTS Multiplex Timing Source
NCT Network Craft Terminal
NE Network Element
OA Optical Amplifier
OH Overhead
OHX Overhead Access and Overhead Cross-Connection Function
OK Service LED
opt. optical
OS Operating System
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OSN Optical Service Node
OSPF Open Shortest Path First (IP Protocol)
PC Personal Computer
PDF Portable Document Format
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PoS Packet over SDH
PRC Primary Reference Clock
PWR Power
RS232 Recommended Standard 232
SC System Controller
SD Signal Degrade (G.783)
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SEMF Synchronous Equipment Management Function (G.782) (G.783)
SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source SF Signal Fail (G.783)
SFF Small Form-factor (STM-64 Optical Modules)
SFP Small Form-factor Pluggable (Optical Modules)
SNC/I Sub-Network Connection Inherent Monitoring
SNCP Sub-Network Connection Protection
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SOH Section Overhead (G.782)
SSF Server Signal Fail
SSM Synchronization Status Message
STM Synchronous Transport Module (G.782/G.783/G.784)
STM-N Synchronous Transport Module, Level N
SW Software
T0 NE-Internal System Clock Pulse
T1 Clock Pulse, Synchronizing from STM-N Port
FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

CHAPTER 10
Abbreviations
T3 Incoming Clock Pulse, Synchronizing from External 2048 kHz

Clock Pulse
T4 Outgoing, External Synchronous Clock Pulse 2048 kHz
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TED Technical Description
TIF Telemetry Interface
TMN Telecommunications Management Network (G.782, G.783, G.784)
TMX Terminal Multiplexer
TSD Trail Signal Degrade
TSF Trail Signal Failed
TU Tributary Unit
TUG Tributary Unit Group
ULED LED Voltage
UMN User Manual
VC Virtual Container
WAN Wide Area Network
FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

CHAPTER 11
Index
CHAPTER 11
Index
ＡＨ
add/drop function, 4-1 Hardware Driver Modules, 7-7
Air Filter, 6-5 HO and LO VC-n Connectivity, 5-3
Alarm Contacts, 9-20
Application Management Module, 7-6
Ｌ
Laser Safety Shut-down, 5-9
Ｃ Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function, 4-1
Climatic Conditions, 9-23
Commissioning, 8-1
Control Interfaces, 9-20 Ｍ
Cross-connect and Timing Card CC, 6-8 Maintenance, 8-1
cross-connection capacity, 5-3 Management System Protection, 7-5
MDI/MDO Interfaces, 9-20
MIB Management Module, 7-8
Ｄ MSP Protection, 5-14
Dimensions, 9-24 MS-SPRING, 5-11
ＥＯ
Electrical 34-Mbit/s / 45-Mbit/s Interface Card 3× Optical Amplifier Card OA, 6-36
E3/DS3, 6-18 Optical STM-16 Interface Card 1× STM-16, 6-12
Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC, 9-24 Optical STM-4/1 Interface Card 4× STM-4/1, 6-13
Engineering Order Wire, 5-10 Optical STM-64 Interface Card 1× STM-64, 6-10
Ethernet Packet Multiplexer and Mapping Functions,
5-5
External Alarm Interfaces, 5-10 Ｐ
Path Protection Switching, 5-11, 5-14
Ｆ PDH Mapping into SDH Containers, 5-5
PhotonicVision™ SNM, 7-4
Fan Assembly, 6-5 PhotonicVision™ SNM LCT, 7-3
Fast Ethernet Card 8× FE/T Card, 6-34 Power Supply Card PWR, 6-4
Fast Ethernet Card 6× FE/L2 Card, 6-31
FW 4470 subrack physical appearance, 5-1
Ｒ
Real-Time Multi-Task Operation System, 7-7
Ｇ Ring Applications, 4-5
Gigabit Ethernet Interface Card 2× GE/T, 6-28
FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

CHAPTER 11
Index
Timing function, 6-8

Ｓ Timing Output Interface, 5-9
SDH, 5-2, 5-4
SDH Overhead Processing Function, 5-6
SNC/I, 5-14 Ｕ
SNMP Agent, 7-7 User Data Interfaces, 5-2
Subrack and Slot Arrangement, 6-2
Synchronization, 5-7
System Controller Card SC, 6-5 Ｖ
VxWorks, 7-7
Ｔ
T0 system clocks, 5-8 Ｗ
Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies, 4-1 Weights, 9-25
FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651


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FTDG-600-01-41651

FW4470 RELEASE 3.3

ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 2006

Unpublished work and only distributed under restriction.

FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

CHAPTER 2 Introduction ...................................................................................... 2-1

CHAPTER 3 Overview of the Main Features ........................................................ 3-1

CHAPTER 5 System Description .......................................................................... 5-1

FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

5.5 Retiming .................................................................................................... 5-9

CHAPTER 6 Components of the FW 4470 ........................................................... 6-1

CHAPTER 7 System Control and Monitoring ........................................................ 7-1

FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

7.3 Management System Protection................................................................ 7-5

CHAPTER 8 Commissioning and Maintenance .................................................... 8-1

CHAPTER 9 Technical Data ................................................................................. 9-1

FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

CHAPTER 10 Abbreviations ............................................................................... 10-1

FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

Fig. 6.26 2× GE+8× FE RPRE module faceplate ................................................. 6-27

FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

Notes on this Documentation

1.1 Customer Documentation

• Installation & Testing Guide

• FLEXR-L User Manual

1.2 Complementary Documents

• FW 4470 Release Note

FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation

1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings

1.3.2 Symbols for Notes

i Information which extends beyond the immediate context.

Cross reference to other chapters in this manual or reference to other manuals.

1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs

1.4 Notes on Licensed Software

1.5 Standard Compliance

Electronic Industry Association (EIA)

European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

International Telecommunication Union–Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

– G.7042/Y1305 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) for Virtual Concatenated

FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

FW 4470 is a multi-service provisioning platform with add/drop, terminal and cross-connect

”State-of-the-art” protection switching mechanisms are supported to enable an optimum

For detailed information about the features of FW 4470 see Chapter 3.

2.1 Application Types

2.1.1 Terminal Multiplexer Type

FTDG-600-01-41651 FW4470 Release 3.3

155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/

155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/

Fig. 2.1 Terminal Multiplexer (TMX)

In addition to the TMX functionality also tributary to tributary connectivity is possible.

2.1.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer Type

FW4470 Release 3.3 FTDG-600-01-41651

155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/ 155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/

Fig. 2.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)