Functional Integration

Back and Spine

By
College of Rehabilitation Science
De La Salle-Health Science Institute
 Function of the Spine
• Support
– the Body weight
– transmit forces through the pelvis to the lower
limb,
– carry and position the head
– brace and help maneuver the upper limb
 Function of the Spine
• Movement

• Protection of the Nervous system

 Case
A mother brought her 12 y/o female child in
your clinic. She noted a hump on the right
scapula and shoulder disproportion. On physical
examination (+) ADAM’s test
Case
 case
A 35 y/o male came in for consult. He complains
of pain and stiffness are worse at night, in the
morning, or when you are not active. The pain
typically gets better with activity or exercise.

.
• A PT begins gait training for a patient with
bilateral knee flexion contractures at 30 degrees
at a long-term care facility. The PT knows that the
patient will have a forward trunk lean during gait
because the patient's line of gravity
• A. Is anterior to the hip
• B. Is anterior to the knee
• C. Is posterior to the ankle
• D. Is posterior to the hip
• Lumbar spondylolisthesis is best evaluated on
what x-ray projection?
• A. Lateral
• B. AP
• C. PA
• D. anterior oblique
• You observe that your patient walks with the
spine in extension (increased lumbar lordosis).
This could be due to all of the following
EXCEPT:
• A. Tight semitendinosus
• B. Tight rectus femoris
• C. Tight psoas major
• D. Weak gluteus maximus
• How much cervical spine rotation will your
patient have after a complete cervical spine
fusion at level C1-C2?
• A. Complete loss of cervical rotation
• B. 25% loss of cervical rotation
• C. 50% loss of cervical rotation
• D. No loss of cervical rotation
• Contraction of which muscle produces
extension of the head?
A. Spinalis cervicis
B. Longus capitis
C. Longus colli
D. Sternocleidomastoid
• The nucleus pulposus is thickest in which
regions of the spine?
A. Lumbar spine
B. Inferior half of the thoracic spine
C. Superior half of the thoracic spine
D. Cervical spine
• A physician notes a vertebral fracture in the x-ray
of a patient involved in a car accident. The
fractured vertebra has a bifid spinous process.
Which of the following vertebra is most likely
involved?
• A. Fourth lumbar vertebra
• B. Fifth cervical vertebra
• C. Twelfth thoracic vertebra
• D. First sacral vertebra
• A 27-year-ol woman is referred to a PT clinic with
a diagnosis of torticollis. The right
sternocleidomastoid is involved.
• A. Right lateral cervical flexion and left cervical
rotation
• B. Right cervical rotation and right lateral
cervical flexion
• C. Left cervical rotation and left lateral cervical
flexion
• D. Left lateral cervical flexion and right cervical
rotation
Left lateral trunk flexion is limited primarily by
A. The thoracic spine because of sagittal facet
alignment
B. The rib cage because of multiple
attachments
C. The lumbar spine because of horizontal
plane facet orientation
D. The left quadratus lumborum
The next patient on your schedule is a 69-year-
old Asian woman with a diagnosis of "T8
fracture." What condition are you most
concerned with for this patient?
A. Neck pain
B. Myopathy
C. Dizziness
D. Osteoporosis
Where is the most common site of fracture in
osteoporosis?
A. Metacarpals
B. Skull
C. Proximal radius
D. Vertebral bodies