1- VERBO TO BE

1.1- AFIRMATIVA

SUJETO + AM / IS / ARE + COMPLEMENTO

He is a designer
We are eleven
I am a student

1.2- NEGATIVA

SUJETO + AM / IS / ARE + NOT + COMPLEMENTO

He is not a designer
We are not eleven
I am not a student

1.3- INTERROGATIVA

AM / IS / ARE + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTO + ?

IS HE A DESIGNER ?
ARE WE ELEVEN ?

1.4- PREGUNTA
QUESTION WORD + AM/ IS / ARE + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTO + ?
WHAT IS HE ?
HOW OLD ARE WE ?

1.5- RESPUESTA CORTA

La pregunta interrogativa tiene respuesta corta.
Ejemplo:
Are you a student? Yes, I am
No, I am not

Is He a programmer? Yes, He is
No, He isn’t

Are they students ? Yes, They are

No, They aren’t

1.6- Formas cortas del verbo TO BE

FORMA LARGA FORMA CORTA
AM `M
AM NOT `M NOT
IS ‘S
IS NOT ISN`T
ARE ‘RE
ARE NOT AREN’T
2- VERBO TO HAVE ( HABER o TENER )

I HAVE
YOU HAVE
HE HAS
SHE HAS
IT HAS
YOU HAVE
WE HAVE
THEY HAVE

2.1- AFIRMATIVA

SUJETO + HAVE / HAS + COMPLEMENT

They have a reservation
Sandra has a car

2.2- NEGATIVA

SUJETO + DOES / DO + NOT + VERBO BASE + COMPLEMENT

They do not have a reservation
Sandra does not have a car
 Forma negativa larga Forma negativa corta
DO NOT DON’T
DOES NOT DOESN’T

2.3- INTERROGATIVA

DO / DOES + SUJETO + VERBO BASE + COMPLEMENTO + ?

Does Sandra have a car ?
Do They have a reservation ?

2.4- RESPUESTA CORTA PARA LA INTERROGATIVA

Yes, Personal Pronoun + D0 / DOES = Yes, She does

No, Personal Pronoun + DON`T / DOESN’T = No, She doesn’t

3.- USOS DEL VERBO TO BE Y TO HAVE

a- Usamos el verbo TO BE para hablar acerca de nacionalidades y
profesiones.
Ej: I’m a designer
He’s Italian
She’s a programmer

b- También usamos el verbo TO BE y adjetivos para describir a

alguien.
Ej. Frankie is eleven
Proffesor Brown is nice
Emily is tall
Emi’s short
 c- También usamos HAVE y HAS para describir características físicas
tales como ojos, piel, cabello, una sonrisa.
Ej. She has a nice smile

d- Usamos el verbo HAVE para indicar posesión.

Ej. They have a reservation
Kate has file

e- También usamos el verbo BE y HAVE para describir lugares y

cosas.
Ej. The hotel is nice
It has a nice view
It’s not very expensive
It has a swimming pool.

4.- PRESENTE PROGRESIVO

Se usa para indicar acciones que se realizan en el momento. Se forma

con el verbo TO BE en presente más el verbo que indica la acción en
gerundio, es decir terminado en ING.

AM / IS / ARE + VERBO + ING

4.1- ORACION AFIRMATIVA

SUJETO + AM/IS/ARE+VERBO +ING +COMPLEMENTO
 She is working now.
They are studying English
I am dancing now

4.2 ORACION NEGATIVA

SUJETO + AM/ IS / ARE + NOT + VERBO + ING + COMPLEMENTO

I am not studying now
She is not dancing now.
They are not working now

4.3 PREGUNTA INTERROGATIVA

Am /is /are + sujeto + verbo + ing + complement +?

Am I working now ?
Is She dancing now ?
Are They working now ?

4.4 RESPUESTA CORTA AFIRMATIVA Y NEGATIVA

Yes, Pronombre Personal + am/ is / are

No, Pronombre Personal + am/ is / are + not

4.5 PREGUNTA DE INFORMACION

Question Word + am/ is / are + sujeto + verbo + ing + complement +?
What are you doing now ?
Where is she studying at this moment?
Why are they working now ?

EJEMPLO

What are you doing now? ( pregunta de información )

I am reading a book now ( respuesta afirmativa larga )
I am not reading a book now ( respuesta negativa larga )
Are you reading a book now ? ( pregunta interrogativa )
Yes, I am / No, I am not ( respuesta corta afirmativa y negativa )

5. - PASADO SIMPLE
Se usa para indicar acciones que se completaron en el pasado.
Se forma con el verbo en pasado y un complemento que
indique pasado, como por ejemplo: last night, tonight,
yesteday,

5.1 ORACION AFIRMATIVA

SUJETO + VERBO EN PASADO + COMPLEMENTO
I lived in Santiago last year
You studied yesterday
She drank a lot tonight.

5.2 ORACION NEGATIVA

Sujeto + did +not + verbo base + complemento

They did not study yesteday
He did not work last week
I did not go to the beach last year

5.3 PREGUNTA INTERROGATIVA

Did + sujeto + verbo base + complemento + ?

Did you study yesterday ?
Did He work last week ?
Did you go to the beach last year ?

5.4 RESPUESTA CORTA AFIRMATIVA Y NEGATIVA

Yes, Pronombre Personal + Did
No, Pronombre Personal + Did + not ( didn’t )
5.5 PREGUNTA DE INFORMACION
QUESTION WORD+DID+SUJETO+VERBO BASE+
COMPLEMENTO+ ?

Where Did you go yesterday ?

What Did she do last week ?
When Did they go to the beach ?

Ejemplos
What did you do last summer ?
I went to the beach last summer
I didn’t go to the beach last summer
Did you go to the beach last summer?
Yes, I did
No, I didn’t
6. FUTURO WILL / FUTURO GOING TO

6.- FUTURO WILL

Indica acciones que se realizaran en un futuro probable o lejano.
Se forma con el auxiliar WiLL + el verbo base
WILL GO
WILL STUDY
WILL TRAVEL

6.1 ORACION AFIRMATIVA:

SUJETO + WILL + VERBO BASE + COMPLEMENTO
They will study tomorrow.
She will go to Mexico next year.
I will buy a new car next year.

6.2 ORACION NEGATIVA:

SUJETO + WILL + NOT + VERBO BASE + COMPLEMENTO
They will not( won’t) study tomorrow.
She will not ( won’t) go to Mexico next year
I will not ( won’t ) buy a new car next year.

6.3 INTERROGATIVA O YES/NO QUESTION:

Will + SUJETO + VERBO BASE + COMPLEMENTO + ?
Will they study tomorrow ?
Will she go to Mexico next year ?
Will you buy a new car next year ?
6.4 PREGUNTA DE INFORMACION

QUESTION WORD + WILL + SUJETO + VERBO BASE + COMPLEMENTO + ?

What will they do tomorrow ?
Where will she go next year ?
What will you buy next year ?

6.5 RESPUESTAS CORTAS PARA LA PREGUNTA INTERROGATIVA

YES, PRONOMBRE PERSONAL + WILL
NO, PRONOMBRE PERSONAL + WON’T

Yes, they will

No, they won’t

Yes, she will

No, she won’t

Yes, you will

No, you won’t

Ejemplo:
What will you do next summer ? ( pregunta de informaciòn )
I will go to Punta Arenas ( oraciòn afirmativa)
I won’t go to Punta Arenas ( oraciòn negativa)
Will you go to Punta Arenas next summer? ( pregunta interrogativa)
Yes, I will ( respuesta corta afirmativa)
No, I won’t ( respuesta corta negativa)
7. FUTURO GOING TO

El futuro GOING TO indica acciones que se realizaran en un futuro cercano

o planificado.
Se forma con el verbo TO BE en presente ( AM – IS -ARE ) más GOING TO
más verbo base.
AM – IS – ARE + GOING TO + VERBO BASE

7.1 ORACION AFIRMATIVA

SUJETO + AM / IS / ARE / + GOING TO + VERBO BASE + COMPLEMENTO

We are going to study tomorrow

She is going to travel next month
I am going to watch TV tonight

7.2 ORACION NEGATIVA

SUJETO + AM/IS/ARE/+NOT+GOING TO+VERBO BASE+ COMPLEMENTO

We are not going to study tomorrow

She is not going to travel next month
I am not going to watch TV tonight
7.3 INTERRROGATIVA O YES/NO QUESTION

AM/IS/ARE + SUJETO + GOING TO + VERBO BASE + COMPLEMENTO +?

Are you going to study tomorrow?

Is she going to travel next month?
Are you going to watch TV tonight?

7.4 RESPUESTA CORTA PARA LA INTERROGATIVA

Yes, Pronombre Personal + am/ is / are

No, Pronombre Personal + am / is / are + not

Yes, we are
No, we aren’t

7.5 PREGUNTA DE INFORMACION

QUESTION WORD + AM/IS/ARE/ + SUJETO + GOING TO + VERBO

BASE + COMPLEMENTO + ?

When are you going to study ?

When is she going to travel ?
What are you going to do tonight ?

Ejemplo:
When are you going to study?
I am going to study tomorrow.
I’m not going to study tomorrow.
Are you going to study tomorrow? Yes, I am / No, I’m not

8.-- THIS (esto) / THESE( estos) THAT ( eso ) / THOSE ( esos )

9.--- THERE IS ( Hay en singular) / THERE ARE ( hay en plural )

9.1-

9. 2 - IS THERE/ ARE THERE. PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS CORTAS

1O.- ORDENES AFIRMATIVAS / NEGATIVAS

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Base Form Don’t Base From
of Verb
of Verb
Open Open the door open the door
Close Close the Don’t close the
window window
11. - PRONOMBRES SUJETO/ PRONOMBRES OBJETO SINGULAR

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Subject Object
Pronouns And Pronouns
Verb to be
I’m Me the door
You’re He likes You
He’s happy Him
She’s Her
It
It’s wonderful the
window
11.1 - PRONOMBRES SUJETO/PRONOMBRES OBJETO PLURAL

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Subject Pronoun Object
And Verb to be Pronoun

We’re us.
You’re happy He likes you.
They’re them.

12- PREGUNTAS CON WHAT ( QUE )

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
 Questions Verb to be
word

What is lovely? The photo is lovely.

They are dictionaries.

What are Those
books?

13- PREGUNTAS CON WHERE ( DONDE )

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Question word Verb to be
Where He is at the
stadium.
is Pablo?

Where are the pens? They’re on

the table.
14. - ADJETIVOS DESCRIPTIVOS

DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES

NOUN Verb to be
(sustantivo)

Mike Tyson
IS strong

Mike Tyson and ARE

Lennox Lewis
14.1 - ADJETIVOS DESCRIPTIVOS

DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES

ADJECTIVE NOUN (sustantivo)

He is a
famous boxers
They are

15- - USOS DEL VERBO TO BE Y TO HAVE

a- Usamos el verbo TO BE para hablar acerca de nacionalidades y
profesiones.
Ej: I’m a designer
He’s Italian
She’s a programmer

b- También usamos el verbo TO BE y adjetivos para describir a

alguien.
Ej. Frankie is eleven
Proffesor Brown is nice
Emily is tall
Emi’s short
 c- También usamos HAVE y HAS para describir características físicas
tales como ojos, piel, cabello, una sonrisa.
Ej. She has a nice smile

d- Usamos el verbo HAVE para indicar posesión.

Ej. They have a reservation
Kate has file

Preguntas con WHAT ( QUE )

e- También usamos el verbo BE y HAVE para describir lugares y

cosas.
Ej. The hotel is nice
It has a nice view
It’s not very expensive
It has a swimming pool

16. - Preguntas con WHAT ( Que )

What kind = que clase o tipo de

What day = que día
What area = que área
What type = que tipo
What time = que hora
17.- - PRESENTE SIMPLE
El PRESENTE SIMPLE se usa para indicar acciones que se realizan en
forma habitual y para indicar acciones que siempre son una verdad.
( ej. El agua hierve a 100 grados Celsius.)

Para la PREGUNTA DE INFORMACION, INTERROGATIVA, RESPUESTA

NEGATIVA LARGA y RESPUESTAS CORTAS AFIRMATIVA y NEGATIVA, se
usan los auxiliares DO y DOES.

El auxiliar DO se usa con los pronombres personales HE, SHE, IT y el

Auxiliar DOES con los pronombres personales HE, SHE, IT

Para responder en forma afirmativa larga y en tercera persona ( HE, SHE,

IT ) el VERBO de la oración debe cambiarse, para eso se le debe agregar
las terminaciones S, IES, ES.
A la mayoría de los verbos en oraciones en tercera persona se les agrega
S.
Ejemplo: She reads a book every month.
He runs in the park every Sunday

Cuando el verbo termina en S, O, SH, CH, X, Z se le agrega ES.

Ejemplo: The teacher wishes to speak with you.
I often catches cold.
The mother kisses her children
Cuando el verbo termina en Y se cambia la Y por i y se agrega ES.
Ejemplo: She carries the books in a briefcase.

He studies in the same class as I.

He tries to arrive everywhere on time.
Cuando el verbo termina en Y antecedida por un vocal, solo se agrega S.
Ejemplo: Mary plays the piano very well.

17.1 - ORACION AFIRMATIVA LARGA PRESENTE SIMPLE

SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO ( para I, YOU, WE, THEY)

THEY STUDY EVERY DAY.
WE GO TO THE CINEMA EVERY SUNDAY.
I DRINK COFFEE EVERY MORNING.

SUJETO + VERBO + IES / ES / S + COMPLEMENTO( para HE, SHE, IT )

SHE STUDIES EVERY MORNING.
HE GOES TO THE MOVIES ON SATURDAYS.
MARTA WATCHES TV IN THE EVENINGS

17.2 - ORACION NEGATIVA LARGA PRESENTE SIMPLE

 SUJETO + DO / DOES + NOT + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO

SHE DOES NOT STUDY EVERY MORNING

THEY DO NOT STUDY EVERY MORNING

17.3- PREGUNTA INTERROGATIVA

DO / DOES + SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO + ?

DO YOU STUDY EVERY MORNING?
DOES MARTA GO SHOPPING ON WEEKENDS?

17.4 - RESPUESTAS CORTAS AFIRMATIVA Y NEGATIVA

YES / NO, + I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, WE, THEY+ DO / DOES / DON’T/DOESN’T
YES, SHE DOES
YES, THEY DO
NO, SHE DOESN’T
NO, THEY DON’T

17.5 - PREGUNTAS DE INFORMACION

WHEN
 WHAT TIME
WHERE + DO / DOES + SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO + ?
WHAT KIND
WHAT

WHEN DO YOU GET HOME ?

WHAT DO YOU EAT FOR LUNCH ?
WHERE DOES SHE LIVE ?
WHAT TIME DOES MARIO GET UP EVERY DAY ?
WHAT KIND OF MUSIC DOES HE LIKE ?

18- NUMEROS Y PRECIOS

Para los precios se usan los números 1,2,3,4,5……………..

Decimos:
This CD costs $20 ( Este CD cuesta 20 dolares )
This CD is $ 20 ( Este CD es 20 dolares )

Para preguntar por precios usamos HOW MUCH ( CUANTO)

Ejemplo: How much is this CD? ( Cuanto es este CD ? )
How much does this CD cost ? ( Cuanto cuesta este CD ? )
19- EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO ( IN/ON/AT )

Para hablar acerca de TIEMPO usamos:

IN – ON – AT – UNTIL – FROM …… TO

IN se usa con estaciones del año y meses

ON se usa con días de la semana y fechas
AT se usa con las horas
UNTIL / FROM…….TO se usa para mostrar permanencia

Ejemplos:
Ana works until 6.00. (Ana trabaja hasta las 6:00)
Ana Works from 9:00 to 6:00. (Ana trabaja desde las 9 hasta la 6:00)
Kate Works in the morning. (Kate trabaja en la mañana)
Kate travels in the summer (Kate viaja en el verano)
Kate works on Monday. (Kate trabaja el lunes
She doesn’t work on Saturday and Sunday (Ella no trabaja el sábado y
domingo)
She doesn’t work on the weekend. (Ella no trabaja el fin de semana)

20 - ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS
 Se usan para indicar posesión. Ellos son:
MY = MIO
YOUR= TUYO
HIS = DE EL
HER = DE ELLA
IT = SU DE UNA COSA
OUR = NUESTRO
THEIR = DE ELLOS

‘S = DE

Para preguntar por posesión usamos la palabra WHOSE

Ejemplos: Whose sweater is this? (¿De quién es esta chomba?)
Se puede responder de 2 formas:
It’s Emi ’s sweater (Es la chomba de Emi)
It’s her sweater (Es la chomba de ella)

WHICH ONE – WHICH ONES? (Cual o Cuales ( one reemplaza un

sustantivo) )
Para responder con WHICH ONE / WHICH ONES usamos un sustantivo o
la palabra ONE
Ejemplos : Which shirt is yours ? (¿Cual camisa es tuya/ suya?)
Which one is yours? (¿Cual es suya / tuya?)
Para responder podemos decir: The blue shirt / The blue one
Ambas oraciones significan lo mismo
Para preguntar por más de 2 cosas usamos:
Which sweaters are yours? (¿Cuáles chombas son suyas o tuyas?)
The yellow ones. (Las amarillas )

21 - VERBOS Y OBJETOS DIRECTOS

El objeto directo puede ser un pronombre o un sustantivo. Siempre se

ubican después del verbo.

PRONOMBRE SUJETO PRONOMBRE OBJETO

(Se ubica antes del verbo) ( Se ubica después del verbo )
I ME
YOU YOU
SHE HER
HE HIM
IT IT
WE US
YOU YOU
THEY THEIR
21.1 ORACION CON OBJETO DIRECTO

SUJETO + VERBO + OBJETO DIRECTO

I LIKE SUSHI ( me gusta el sushi )
KATE LIKES HIM ( A Kate le gusta el )
KATE LIKES US ( A Kate le gustamos nosotros )

22.1 - ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA

Ellos indican con qué frecuencia y se ubican:

a) Antes de un verbo en presente simple.
SUJETO + ADVERBIO DE FRECUENCIA + VERBO EN PRESENTE SIMPLE

THEY ALWAYS STUDY

SHE USUALLY DRIVES
I NEVER READ
YOU OFTEN COOK

b) Después del verbo TO BE.

SUJETO + VERBO TO BE + ADVERBIO DE FRECUENCIA
 I AM ALWAYS
YOU ARE NEVER
SHE IS OFTEN
THEY ARE USUALLY

Los adverbios de frecuencia son :

NEVER ( nunca )
SELDOM ( rara vez )
OCCASIONALY ( ocasionalmente)
SOMETIMES ( a veces )

OFTEN ( a menudo )
FREQUENTLY ( frecuentemente )
USUALLY ( usualmente )
ALWAYS ( siempre )

23. - SOME / ANY

A) Usamos SOME /ANY para decir HOW MUCH – HOW MANY.

Para indicar que hay algo o nada. No especifica cuantos.

B) SOME en oraciones afirmativas

ANY en oraciones negativas y preguntas.
SOME / ANY usamos en respuestas.
Ejemplos:
Do you have money? (¿ tienes tu dinero? )
Yes, I have some. ( Si, Yo tengo algo )
No, I don’t have any. ( No, Yo no tengo nada )

24.- VOCABULARIO

24.1 PROFESIONES
Writer
Nurse
Teacher
Artist
Musician
Designer
Doctor
Student
Secretary
Actor
Travel agent

24.2 SALA DE CLASES Y OFICINA

DVD
Calendar
Pen
Desk
Phone
Backpack
Copy machine
Clock
Pencil
Cell phone
Blackboard
Copy machine
Clock
Pencil
Cell phone
Blackboard
Fax
Folder
Computer
File
Printer

24.3 RESTAURANT
Restaurant ckeck
Napkin
Plate
Spoon
Waiter
Beverage
Available
Served
Selection
Order

24.4 ACTIVIDADES DE OCIO

See a play
Go to a party
Have a picnic
Watch a basketball game
Go to a concert
Go to the beach
Go on a trip
Go dancing
Take a walk
Watch TV
Go shopping
Ride a bike
Work out
Go jogging

24.5 PARTES DE LA CASA

Living room
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
Garage
Dining room
Living room

24.6 LUGARES DE LA CIUDAD

Airport
Library
Train Station
Post office
Bank
Supermarket
24.7 COMIDAS
Food
Salad
Sauce
Diced
Fresh herbs
Pasta
Pizza
Hamburgers
Grilled Chicken
Plum
Shrimp
Onions
Baked

24.8 - ROPAS
Dress
Skirt
Pants
Sweater
T-shirt
Blouse
Shoes

24.9 VOCABULARIO GENERAL

Apply
Farewell
Thanks
Request
Technical
Developing
Educational software
Ask
Last
Alone
Team
Resume
Enclosed
Interview
Any time