LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEMES

1. VAMSADHARA, NAGAVALI AND THANDVA

BASINS AND OTHER BASINS
Major lift Irrigation Schemes NIL
2. GODAVARI BASIN
Sripada Sagar yellam palli project.
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Pranahita Chevella Lift Irrigation Project.
J.Chokka Rao Devadula Lift Irrigation Scheme.
Kaleswaram Lift Irrigation Scheme.
P.V.Narsimhna Rao Kanthana palle Sujala Sravanthi.
Jyothi Rao Pule Dummugudem Nagarjuna Sagar Sujala
Sravanthi.
Indira Sagar Rudram Kota Lift Irrigation Scheme.
Rajiv Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme.
 9. Chagalnadu Lift Irrigation Scheme.
10. Venkatanagaram Lift Irrigation Scheme.
11. Thoto Venkatachalam Lift Irrigation Scheme.
12. Tadipudi Lift Irrigation Scheme.
3. KRISHNA BASIN
Bhima Lift Irrigation Scheme.
Nettempadu Lift Irrigation Scheme.
Kalwakurthi Lift Irrigation Scheme.
Koilsagar Lift Irrigation Scheme.
AVRHNSS Lift Irrigation Scheme.
4. PENNA BASIN
Siddapuram Lift irrigation Scheme(Krishnapuram).
GandiKota Lift irrigation Scheme.
GandiKota CBR Lift irrigation Scheme.
C.B.R. Right Canal Lift irrigation Scheme.
5. TUNGABHADRA BASIN
1. Guru Raghavendra Lift Irrigation Scheme.
Sripada Yellampally Project
Ayacut : 2,00,000 acres.
Sripada sagar project Schematic Layout
Sripada Yellampally Project
Dr. B.R.Ambedkar Pranahitha Chevella
Sujala Sravanthi
 Dr. BRA PCSS
Package – 23 – Underground

• Approach channel
• Ramp
• Tunnel Intake
• Tunnel
• Surge Shaft
• DT Tunnels
• Pump House
• Delivery mains
• Cistern
Package - 23
J Chokka Rao Devadula Lift Irrigation Scheme
Kaleswaram Lift Irrigation Scheme
P.V. Narasimha Rao Kanthanapally
Sujala Sravanthi Project
Jyothi Rao Pule Dummugudem Nagarjuna
Sagar Sujala Sravanthi (Link Canal)
Indira Sagar Rudramkota Lift Irrigation
Scheme
Rajiv Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme
Rajiv Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme
Chagalnadu Lift Irrigation Scheme
Venkatanagaram Pumping Scheme
Thota Venkatachalam Pushkara L.I.S.
Thota Venkatachalam Pushkara L.I.S.
Tadipudi Lift Irrigation Scheme
Tadipudi Lift Irrigation Scheme
Rajiv Bheema Lift Irrigation Scheme
Rajiv Bheema Lift Irrigation Scheme
Rajiv Bheema Lift Irrigation Scheme
Jawahar Nettempadu L.I.S.
Mahatma Gandhi Kalwakurthi L.I.S.
Mahatma Gandhi Kalwakurthi L.I.S.
Koil Sagar L.I.S.
Anantha Venkata Reddy Hundri Neeva
Sujala Sravanthi Project L.I.S.
 Anantha Venkata Reddy Hundri Neeva
Sujala Sravanthi Project L.I.S.

Status of work:
Total length of canal under Phase – I : 251.750 Km
Phase – I :
Completed water is let out in to Jeedipally Resorvoir.
Siddapuram L.I.S.
Gandikota L.I.S.
Gandikota C.B.R. L.I.S.
Gandikota C.B.R. L.I.S.
Gandikota C.B.R. L.I.S.
C.B.R. Right Canal L.I.S.
C.B.R. Right Canal L.I.S.
C.B.R. Right Canal L.I.S.
Guru Raghavendra L.I.S.
 Reasons for Opting L.I.Schemes
• Spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall variation
leads for construction of storage reservoirs for
Irrigation needs and for Water supply.
• For the regions which are situated at higher altitudes
where gravity system of canals is not feasible.
• Prevailing situation is widening the socioeconomic
conditions between regions creating imbalance.
• Certain site conditions of source do not permit
construction of dams/barrages.
• Lift irrigation system has gained great significance in
the changed scenario as provision of conventional
irrigation structures is exhausted.
Limitation of the conventional Irrigation
structures namely Dams and Barrages
• Submersion
• Rehabilitation
• Land Acquisition
• Environmental Clearance
• Interstate Disputes and also
• They consume much time / more no. of
years
• Requires huge financial support and estimated
costs gets multiplied due to delay in
completion of projects and due to escalation of
prices.
• Even after completion of projects such as
major dams in the vicinity certain uplands still
unable to get Water for Example:
Priyadarshini Jurala Project, Srisailam and
Nagarjuna Sagar which promoted to take up
the projects like AMRP, Kalwakurthy,
Nettempadu, Bheema, Koilsagar, AVRHNSS
 Need for lift Irrigation Schemes
• In the present circumstances, lift irrigation
schemes assumed greater significance and
seems to be the only viable solution to meet the
aspirations of the upland people for the
following reasons :
• Speedy Completion of the Scheme
• Lesser initial Cost
• No need of extensive time for investigation
• Flexibility of Location of Head works
• Minimal foundation problems
• Environmental friendly
• Absence of many problems in dams such as
Submersion, Environment, Rehabilitation,
Land Acquisition and Inter-state Disputes.
• Though lift irrigation schemes have some
drawbacks and costly, in the prevailing
situation, they are inevitable since the situation
demands them in the contemporary irrigation
planning, but ought to be taken up judiciously.
 Objectives of L.I.Schemes
Diversion of flood water to upland areas can be done by:
• Supplying water to needy regions located far away from
source
• Feeding tanks for future needs
• Effective usage of water stored in reservoirs
• Optimum utilization of water by supplying designed
quantity
• Interlinking of rivers
• Transfer of surplus water from reservoirs to the required
regions.
 ADVANTAGES OF LIFT
IRRIGATION SCHEMES

• Lift irrigation possible at higher levels.

• Minimum land acquisition problem.
• Low water losses.
 Limitations of L.I.Schemes
• They are costly with respect to benefit cost ratio compared to
other Gravity schemes
• Require assured un-interrupted power supply
• Require assured flows in the source
• Recurring cost of power bills
• Regular maintenance is required for civil as well as
mechanical works.
• Any problem in pipes or pumps lead to grinding halt to the
system
• Life of L.I. scheme is shorter than dams & barrages
• Needs periodical replacement of mechanical & electrical
components
• Needs regular maintenance of approach canals with river as
source against siltation
 AYACUT DETAILS UNDER LARGE
L.I SCHEMES IN A.P.
• PUSHKARA L.I.S. - 1,85,906 Ac
• TADIPUDI L.I.S. - 2,07,000 Ac
• RAJIV SAGAR L.I.S. - 4,00,000 Ac
• ALISAGAR L.I.S. - 53,793 Ac
• GUTPAH L.I.S. - 38,793 Ac
• RAJIV BHIMA L.I.S. - 2,03,000 Ac
• NETTAMPADU L.I.S - 2,00,000 Ac
• KALWAKURTHY L.I.S. - 3,40,000 Ac
• H.N.S.S. L.I.S. - 6,02,500 Ac
• SRIPADA YELLAMPALLY - 2,20,000 Ac
• Dr.BRA PCSS - 16,40,000 Ac
• JCR DEVADULA LIS - 6,21,000 Ac
• KALESWARAM LIS - 45,000 Ac
 AYACUT DETAILS UNDER LARGE L.I.
SCHEMES IN A.P.
• DUMMUGUDEM N.S LIS - 22,12,670 Ac
• INDIRA SAGAR RUDRAM KOTA LIS - 2,00,929 Ac
• CHAGALNADU LIS - 35,000 Ac
• AMRP L.I.S. - 2,70,000Ac
• UDAYA SAMUDRAM L.I.S. - 1,00,000 Ac
• KANTHAN PALLI L.I.S. - 7,50,000 Ac (Stabilised)
• SIDDAPURAM L.I.S. - 21,300 Ac
• GURU RAGHAVENDRA L.I.S. - 4,128 Ac (New)
- 29,382 Ac (Stabilised)
• GANDI KOTA L.I.S. - 41,000 Ac (Gap Ayacut Under PBC)
- 47,500 Ac (Direct Ayacut)
• GANDI KOTA – CBR - L.I.S. - 20,750 Ac
• CBR Right Canal L.I.S. (18 Lifts) - 34,500 Ac
 Types Of Pump Houses
Pump Houses types based on type of pumps are :
1) Wet Pit Pump House
• Access to pump is not possible
• Substructure will be always with water for full area
2) Dry Pit Pump House
• Access to all components of pump is possible
• Substructure will be always without water and in dry
condition
• In view of the dry condition with access to every
component is possible, making maintenance is easy
 Types of Pump Houses with its
components
Bhima LIS Type – SemiUnderground
• Approach channel
• Ramp
• Tunnel Intake
• Tunnel
• Surge pool
• DT Tunnels
• Pump House
• Small Delivery mains
• Cistern
Bhima Type Pump House
Sripada Yellampally Project
– Semi Underground
•Volute Type
•Approach Channel
•Fore bay
•Pump House
•Long Pressure Mains
•Cistern
Metallic Volute Type
 Fixation of Pump Details:

Power (MW) = η*ρ *Q*g*H/10000

Where
η = Efficiency
ρ = Unit weight of water (kN/m3)
Q = Discharge (Cumecs)
g = Acceleration due to gravity(m/sec2)
H = Head (Metres)
 PERTINENT COMPONENT

• Service Bay
Width = 0.7 – 2.5 x unit spacing
Height = Main hook level + clearances

• Crane = Wheel base, end clearance, top

clearance, outer to outer of buffer stops

• Aux. Service bay = 0.5 x Length of service bay

DATA OF VARIOUS L.I.SCHEMES
PH (Pump Q H P No. of Spacing Length of
House) Units Pressure
mains
Cumecs m MW m km

Pack - 23 39.60 103.0 45.0 2 20.0

BLIP - I 21.25 40.0 12.0 3+1 13.0 0.052

Intake 7.00 107.0 10.5 4 9.0 11.10

Medaram 7.00 149.0 16.0 4 9.0 25.63

Gangadhara 6.25 80.0 4.0 4 9.0 9.200

VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF L.I.
SCHEMES
I) Civil Structure & Associated components /
provisions

II ) Electro-Mechanical and

III) Hydro-Mechanical
 I) Civil Structure &
Associated components /
provisions
• Approach Canal on U/S of Pump
house
• Intake/Sump/Forebay/Surge pool
• Sub structure / sump
• Super structure to accommodate
Pumps & Motors
• Balancing Reservoirs / tanks
• Delivery Cistern
• Gravity Canal with CM & CD
works on delivery side
II) Electro Mechanical
• Pumps & Motors
• Control Panels
• SCADA
• Dewatering Pumps
• Fire water Pumps
• EOT crane for Pumps
• HOPDV / NRV /
EOPDV etc within
pump house
• Transformers & Sub
station
III) Hydro – Mechanical
• Pressure mains with design
dia and thickness
• Surge Protection Devices
• Valves such as air valves at
regular intervals
• Stoplogs & trashracks
• Manifold connecting
delivery pipes of pumps and
pressure mains
• Semi Portal crane for
Stoplogs & Trash racks
Planning & Design of LIS Comprises The
Following
1. Hydrology
2. Finalisation of Alignment
- Length of Gravity Canals
- Length of Pressure mains
- Number of Lifts
- Balancing Reservoirs Utilization/Introduction -
Pump Houses Location
3. Hydraulic Particulars
- Discharge
- Pumping Head
4. Design of Pumps
- Type of Pumps
- Number of Pumps
- Capacity of Pumps
5. Design of Pump House
- Approach Canal / Tunnel
- Intake / sump / Forebay
- Sub Structure
- Super Structure
6. Design of Pressure mains
- Type / Material
- Diameter of Pipes and
- Number of rows
- Pipe Laying & Compaction of refill
- Surge Analysis And Protection System
- CM & CD Works for Pipe crossings
7. Delivery Cistern / Out fall structure
8. SCADA
9. Canal networking system
 1). HYDROLOGY
Water Required to be assessed based on
• Ayacut to be served
• Type of Crops
• Quantity of water
• Period of operation
• Drinking water requirement for enroute habitations.

Water Availability at source

• Net Quantity
• Period / Duration
• The water requirement shall match with the water available at
the source duly considering the allocated or under utilization
quantity for the already existing needs, if any.
 2). ALIGNMENT
Alignment freezing comprises finalisation of :
•Number of Lifts / Pump houses
•Approach and Gravity canal lengths
•Length of Pressure mains
•Fixing of Pump house location in the foreshore
of river / reservoir
•Utilization / Introduction of Balancing
reservoirs enroute the alignment
 Number of Lifts / Pump Houses
Number of lifts / pump houses is dependent on :
• Length of the alignment
• Total Pumping head required
• Presence of ayacut enroute the alignment
• Capacity and type of proposed pumps
Approach Canal and Gravity Canal

• Shorter length of Approach canal

• Off take point shall not be silt accumulation
region as it is the gate way of the LIS
• Reverse slope may be provided in river intake
• Approach Capacity 50% more than required
for river intake
• Greater length of gravity canals on delivery
side shall be explored minimizing pipe length
to achieve economy.
Approach Canal Gravity Canal
 Length of Pressure Mains :
Shorter length of Pressure main shall be provided since
length has compounding impact on cost of the scheme as
lengthy pipe results increases in:

• Pumping head there by pump capacity

• Pipe thickness

• Surge protection devices and

• Capital cost
 Fixing of Pump House Location
Pump house location shall be
located such a way that it needs :
• Smaller length of approach canal
• Smaller length of approach bridge
from TBL
 Utilization of Tanks / Balancing
Reservoirs
Presence of intermediate tanks
or BRs in the alignment
makes scheme economical
as well as efficient because :

• Design discharge of pumps can be reduced without impact

on crop water requirement which results in reduction of
pump capacity, pipe dia and canal sizes
• Flood waters can be stored in the balancing
reservoirs for future needs
• Better Synchronization of lifts is possible in multiple
stages of lifts
 3). HYDRAULIC PARTICULARS
Discharge w.r.t.
• Total quantity ( TMC or Mcft ) required to be lifted
• Specified operation period / water availability period
• Discharge at PH’s considering water requirement
enroute alignment.
• Pumping Hours
Pumping Head w.r.t.

• LWL of sumps and Delivery level of out fall / tanks

• HPs of approach & gravity canals and pipe alignment.
• Pressure mains length
 Parameters Governing Design Discharge
Total quantity of water to be pumped in the specified period
shall be arrived based on :
1. Crop water requirement
• For Peak demand of crop period when no intermediate tanks are
present or for single pumping only
• Mean Average demand of crop period with tank and for
multiple pumping stations
2. Seepage & Evaporation Losses
3. Drinking water requirement
4. Pumping hours ( Shall be for 24 hrs except for special
considerations in view of the dedicated power lines )
• Design discharge shall be computed from the above total
quantity to be pumped in required no. of days with specified no.
of pumping hours ( since Pumping hours has bearing over the
HP’s and obviously on the scheme cost )
 Pumping Head
Pumping head shall be decided carefully as in
major LI schemes, 1.0 m head also has impact on
scheme capital as well as running cost.
Pumping head has bearing on :
• Pump Capacity
• Pipe thickness & surge protection devices
• Running Cost as well as capital cost
( Approximately 11 KW pump capacity is required
to lift 1 cumec of water to 1m head )
 4. DESIGN OF PUMPS
• Pumps act as heart of LI Scheme and play important role in
the performance as well as efficiency of the LIS.
• A designer should have a comprehensive knowledge on
availability of various types of pumps and their applications
along with their limitations.
• Any wrong judgement in selection of pumps may lead to
procurement of unsuitable pump and the scheme may face
threat of repairs & maintenance along with non-functionality
to the design requirement of the scheme.
• Higher capacity increases unnecessarily the capital cost as
well as power consumption and on the other hand lower
capacity will not deliver design discharge.
 Factors Deciding Type of Pumps
Type of pumps to be adopted is governed by :
•Hydraulic requirement such as discharge and
total pumping head
•Pump house location & depth
•Suction lift
•Pump capacity
•Manufacturing limitations of respective pumps/
manufacturing company
 Types of Pumps:
1. Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps:- Applicable for
medium heads and discharges and has the limitation of
suction lift and hence may be better suited for LIS on
canals or tanks with total suction lift less than 6.0m.
2. Vertical Turbine Pumps:- Applicable for schemes
with high heads and discharges. Best suited for the
schemes where the suction lift is more than 6.0m and
more applicable to schemes on rivers.
• Pump capacity up to 0 - 4 MW
3. Concrete / Metallic Volute Pumps:- Applicable for
schemes with high heads and huge discharges.
• Pump capacity up to 4 - 15 MW
4. Francis turbine Pumps:
• Applicable for very high heads and very huge
discharges.
• Pump capacity >15 MW
5. Francis turbine Pumps with water depression
system:-
• Pump capacity > 25 MW
 Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps:
• Used for medium head & discharges, simple
operation.
• Useful to lift from canals or for smaller discharge
and heads.
• Have limitation of suction lift.
• Usually the suction lift is not allowed more than 6.0
to 6.5m.
• Leakages are completely eradicated
• No heat transfer
• Reduced friction
• Pump does not over load
• Utilize small floor space indifferent positions.
Horizontal Centrifugal
Pumps

• When Suction lift is less than 6.0m

• Applicable for lifting from Canals
• For low heads and low discharges
 Vertical Turbine Pumps
• When horizontal centrifugal pumps are not favourable
i.e., for suction lift more than 6.0m
• Huge discharge with suction lift less than 6.0m,
• Applicable for wide ranges of discharges & heads.
• Efficiency of the pumps is about 85% to 88% (approx ).
• Applicable for lifting from reservoirs & rivers
• For high heads and high discharges
• Pump capacity up to 15.0 MW
• When fluctuation of water levels is > 25.0m
 VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS

CONCRETE VOLUTE PUMP VERTICAL IMPULSE TURBINE

 Limitations of VT Pumps
• Not preferred for huge discharges of 10 cumecs & above
with total head more than 75.0m.
• Head fluctuation for more than 20m, as lengthy shaft
develop operational & vibration problems.
• Capacity ( KW ) of pumps are to be selected based on
manufacturing limitation which also governs in finalizing
number of pumps.
 Concrete / Metallic Volute Pumps
• Similar to dry pit pumps arrangement
• Applicable for capacities more than VT pumps.
• Cannot be used for unlimited capacities / huge magnitudes
i.e., 1,20,000 Cubic m per hour.
• Useful for discharge of each pump up to 10 cumecs and
head is less than 150m
• Volute and draft tube will be embedded in the concrete
• Volute Pumps with head more than 50.0m need metallic
lining of volute and may be imported.
• Efficiency of pumps is about 89% to 90%( approx)
• Discharge control is not possible and need more power even
for reduced discharge ( unlike Francis turbine )
 Metallic Volute Pumps:

• High reliability.
• Design simplicity.
• Superior operating performance.
• Low submergence.
• Lowest maintenance cost.
• Delivery size up to 60,000 mm
• Capacity up to 1,20,000 Cubic m per hour.
• Heading up to 200 m.
TYPICAL PUMP HOUSE DRAWING CONCRETE
VOLUTE PUMP / VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP
 TECHNICAL COMPARISION OF CONCRETE VOLUTE
PUMP AND VERTICAL WET PIT PUMP
Typ Concrete Volute Vertical
e Pump Casing Pump
Metal
Dry – pit Wet –
Intake · Hydraulic Design ·pit Sump or Pit
· No dead water area · Dead water area
· No vortices · Chance of vortices
· No Micro/Macro · Micro/macro fouling
Fouling · Sand/silt deposit
· No Deposit · Irregular flow pattern
· Stream lined flow
pattern
Bearing · Out of water : no wear · Submerged bearing
· Oil lubricated bushes
· Easy temperature · Possible setbacks
check · Less reliability
· Minimum 10 years life · Difficult – expensive
· Simplified to maintain
maintenance
Shaft · Dry, no water contact · Inwater, subjected to
· No corrosion, long life irregular stresses and
· No vibrations problems
· Possible vibrations
and cracks
TECHNICAL COMPARISION OF CONCRETE VOLUTE
PUMP AND VERTICAL WET PIT PUMP

Typ Concrete Volute Vertical

e Pump Metal
Casing Pump
Dry – pit Wet –
Casing · No Corrosion ·pit Corrosion (Chemical
· No Erosion and Electrolytic)
· No Fouling · External Fouling
· No · Vibrations, Cracks
· No
Vibrations
Maintenance at all · Difficult-heavy to
maintain
Inspection · Simple and easy · Long duration and
Maintenance · No heavy loads costly interventions,
· Inspection without · Heavy loads
dismantling · Requires general
· General overhaul at overhaul at intervals
intervals of 5 to 7 of 2 to 3 years
years
ADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE VOLUTE
PUMP
• Hydraulically Efficient

• Low maintenance

• Low submergence requirement.

• Lower Crane height & lifting capacity requirement.

• Full accessibility

• Easy internal inspection without dismantling

• Impeller can be examined from suction elbow

• Rotor from manhole

• Simple to construct Volute and Draft tube,
can be carried out by Civil construction
Company at site.

• High reliability

• Design simplicity

• Superior operating performance

• Low maintenance cost

 ECONOMIC COMPARISON CONCRETE
VOLUTE V/S VERTICAL WET PIT PUMP
Concrete volute pump is an economical alternative to
metallic vertical wet pit pumps on account of
CIVIL WORK:
• Civil work for vertical pumps more expensive
• Walls & bases needs to be strongly reinforced to hold
up greater weight.
• Greater care for vibration free condition
• More excavation
MECHANICAL WORK :
• Weight of mechanical parts in case of vertical pump is
more than twice than required for concrete volute pump
Pump & Motor of GLIS PS
Draft Tube & Volute
Spiral Case
OVERVIEW OF METALLIC VOLUTE PUMPS
 Dry Pit / Francis Turbine Pumps
• These are Turbines used for power generation and also
called as reversible turbines
• Useful and economical for very high heads (above 100
m) with huge discharge ( above 10 cumecs ).
• Economy can be achieved by reduction in number of
pumps, lifts and balancing reservoirs. etc,. but with
shorter length of pressure mains
• Control on discharge is possible resulting power savings
during fluctuations of discharge & heads
• O & M problems are minimum
• Efficiency of pumps is 90% to 91% ( approx ).
• Scheme with these pumps for low head and small
discharge or with lengthy pressure mains is
uneconomical
• These pumps are going to play vital role in the
interlinking of rivers where it is required to lift huge
quantity of water to very high heads.
• These pumps are installed in AMR Project ( SLBC LIS ),
located on the foreshore of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam and is
designed to lift 68 cumecs of water to a total head of
102m to irrigate 89032 ha ( 2.2 lakh acres ) using 4
numbers of 19000 KW ( each ) pumps.
Arrangement of Francis Turbine Pumps
•Applicable for lifting from reservoirs
& rivers
•For very high heads and huge
discharges
•Pump rating may be very high
Types of Pumps adopted in L.I.Schemes
in Andhra Pradesh
• Francis / Volute type ( Dry well Pumps )
• Godavari Lift Irrigation Scheme,
• Bhima LIS, Intake Pumping Station of SYP,
• Medaram Pumping Station of SYP and
• Gangadhara Pumping Station of SYP
• Vertical Turbine Type ( Wet well Pumps )
• Kodimial Pumping Station of SYP,
• LT Potharam Pumping Station of SYP and
• Jogapur Pumping Station of SYP
 MODEL STUDIES
OF PUMPING BAYS(SUMP)
FOR
LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEMES
 Number of Pumps
Number of pumps and pump houses to be adopted are
dependent on :
• Capacity of Pumps

• Specific Speed

• Suction Lift and

• Type of pumps

( Minimum of 4 pumps are desirable to facilitate better

operational flexibility as stand by pumps are not provided
now. )
 Data Required for Pumps Design
• Total discharge of the scheme to be lifted
• Lowest water Level ( LWL ) below which pumping not required
• MFL / FRL / FSL of the river / reservoir / canal as the case may be.
This helps in fixing the platform level and type of the pump.
• Delivery Level of tank to which water is to be lifted ( shall be above
FRL )
• Peak level in alignment if higher than delivery level and its chainage
• Length of pressure mains required from the pump house to cistern
• Pumping hours : Pumping hours has the bearing over the HP’s and
obviously on the cost of the scheme. Pumps shall be designed for 24
hours operation except in special conditions. If pumping is designed
for 20 hrs, project cost increases by 20% and so on.
 Determination of Pumping Head
• Total pumping head should be arrived with care as it
has the bearing on the performance of the pump as
well as on the scheme cost.
• Excess selection of head would lead to un-necessary
increase in pump capacity and power consumption
• Lesser head would lead to non-functionality of the
pumps to design efficiency as well as design
discharge.
Total pumping head is obtained on summation of :
• Static head between LWL & delivery level / Peak level
(For Optimization of pumping capacity and scheme
economy, it is always desirable to design pumps with
normal water levels instead of LWL)
•Frictional losses in pumping lines and pressure mains
•Losses due to exit, entry and bends
•System resistance losses due to the combined /
operation of pumps and pressure mains
Capacity of Motors
• Motor capacity may be 15% to 25% more than pump
capacity.
• For high magnitudes, it can be 25% and for medium
magnitudes is with small fluctuation of head, can be 15%.
Types of Motors
• Induction Motors : Rating is limited to 2 to 3 MW with low
efficiency consuming more power.
• Synchronous Motors : Rating is more than 3 MW with high
efficiency around 97%. All major LI Schemes will be with
synchronous motors.
 Selection of Voltage of Input Supply to
Pumping Station

• If Total Load of Pumping Station

• 10 to 12 MW - 33 KV dedicated line is
desirable
• 12 to 50 MW - 132 KV line
•> 50 MW - 220 KV line
 INTAKE SUMP / FOREBAY DESIGN
REQUIREMENT
• The objective of sump and approaches is to provide storage and
good / smooth flow conditions in sump.
• Design with poor geometric features results undesirable flow
conditions in the sump & reduces pump efficiency.
• To develop uniform, steady and non-turbulent flow conditions in
the sump, max velocity at the entry of forebay shall be 1.2 m/s and
0.30 m/s near the pumps.
• Forebay may be tapered with limiting enlargement angle in plan to
20 degrees and bed slope in elevation 10 degrees.
• However, it is desirable to provide 15 degrees in plan and bed
slope of 8 degrees. Further, physical sump model studies is
pre-requisite for major LI Schemes.
 Hydraulic Provisions of VT Pump House
• Trash rack shall be provided in front of
the pumps itself but not at the entry of
the forebay to avoid trash entry into
impeller.
• Distance between the pump rear wall and
the trash rack shall be between 4D to 8D
depending upon the percentage of
obstruction through trash rack (Generally
it may be 6D)
• Pumps shall be 4.5m (approx) away
from D/S of PH wall to accommodate
non-return valve & butterfly valve
Hydraulic Provisions of VT Pump House ( Cont.. )
• Stoplog shall be provided behind the trashrack
• A breast wall between trashrack and stoplog upto LWL
from top not only improves hydraulic condition but also
reduces trashracks & stoplogs heights thereby reduces
scheme cost.
• RCC piers are generally provided in between pumps to
support pumps, pump house, to accommodate stoplog &
trash rack grooves and also to act as baffle walls in between
pumps to improve hydraulic conditions.
• Generally minimum of 1.0m thick piers are required to
accommodate stoplog grooves on either sides.
 Good features of sump design:

Where
d = Diameter of column assembly
D = Diameter of bowl assembly
which is usually in the range 1.5d
to 1.8d
T = Thickness of baffle wall / pier
Good features:

• Bell mouth near to sump floor; c = 0.5D.

• Flat sump floor.
• Width about 2D.
• Submergence below LWL not less than 1.5D(mini).
• Length of approach shall not be less than 4D and preferably up to 10D in
case of single pump sump and 2/3W in case of multiple pumps sump.
• Distance of rear wall from pump X = 0.25D in case of single pump sump and
0.75D to 1.0D in case of multiple pumps sump.
• In any case, mean velocity of flow approaching bell mouth should be
0.3m/sec or less.
 Pump House / Pumping
Station Components
• Approach Canal
• Intake/Sump/Forebay/Surge pool
• Sub structure / sump
• Super structure to accommodate
Pumps & Motors
• Service / maintenance bay
• Control panel room
• Gantry for Pumps
• Stoplogs & Trashracks
• Dewatering Pumps
• Fire Water Pumps
 Design & Loads of Pump House
Pump House will be subjected to the following
loads :
• Pump & Motor loads – both static as well dynamic
• Earth pressures on sides of sump
• Water pressure inside in the case of VT pumps and on
breast wall for dry pit structures
• Raft of dry pit Pump house shall be designed for uplift
pressure of max water depth on U/S for dry pit pump house.
• Gantry loads on super structure columns
• Dynamic loads on motor floor
• Earth Quake Loads
 PRESSURE MAINS / WATER
CONDUCTOR SYSTEM
• Pressure mains function as nerves of LI scheme and
they consume lions share of the project cost whenever
pipe lengths are in Km.
• length of pipe has direct bearing on pumping head
thereby on pump capacity & surge protection system.
• MS pipes and PSC pipes are under more usage in LIS.
• It is desirable to limit the velocity in MS pipes to 2.0 m/s
and 1.5 m/s in PSC pipes.
• Velocity more than 2.0 m/s in MS pipes may be
considered for the schemes with shorter length of pipes
duly examining the impact on pump capacity.
• Max Dia of 3.0m is under more usage
PRESSURE MAIN
MS pipe thickness may be calculated based on :
• Deflection Criteria
• Stress Criteria : Compressive Stress & Tensile Stress
• Buckling
• Minimum thickness of MS pipe may be as per
recommendations given in IS : 1916.
Events inducing pressure surges :
Pump start up: Start up can cause rapid collapse of the void/space
downstream from a starting pump. This generates high pressure.
Power failure: This can cause as pressure upsurge on the suction
side and a pressure down surge on the discharge side.
• The pressure on delivery side, reaches vapour pressure resulting in
vapour column discharge separation.
SURGE PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR WATER
HAMMER CONDITION
• Whenever power failure occurs, rapid changes in
velocity and associated change in pressure results in
the pipe line causing surge pressure.
• Power failure leads to movement of upsurge and
down surge waves along the rising main and the
waves travel with high speed developing low & high
pressures all along the pipe line.
• Down Surge - Related to pressure drop or minimum
pressure. Pressure drop immediately after power
failure at peak locations causes negative pressure,
which may even go down to vapour pressure.
• Up Surge - Related to pressure rise or maximum
pressure. When separated water column rejoins,
sudden pressure rise occurs.
SURGE PROTECTION DEVICES
•Surge tank
•Air vessel
•One way surge tank
•Stand pipe
•Zero velocity valves
•Duel plate check valves
•Air valves
•Air cushion valves
•Two way surge tank
Surge Tank :
• Controls excessive water hammer when pressure rises.
• Provides good speed regulation characteristic.
Air Vessel :
• Controls both upsurge down surge.
• Located near pump house.
One way Surge Tank :
• Controls down surge directly and upsurge indirectly.
• Prevent occurrence of water column separation.
Stand Pipe:
• Located along the alignment where hydraulic gradient line is with in a
few m of pipe elevation.
• Used to control down surge.
Zero Velocity Valves :
• These are special type spring loaded non return valves for up surge
control with compression springs.
• valve closure occurs gradually with reduction in velocity in case of
power failure.
• Reaches full closure @ zero velocity.
Dual Plate Check Valves :
• Also a spring loaded non return valve with torsion
springs instead of compression springs.
• Intended for up surge control .
• Valve closure occurs gradually with reduction in velocity.
• This valve is provided for individual pumps & delivery pipes
where no by pass is required .
Air valves and Air Cushion Valves :
• Used as vacuum breakers
• Function as vacuum breaker @ -3 m pressure.
• Air cushion valves starts functioning as a vacuum breaker on
the outset of sub atmospheric pressure.
Two way Surge Tank :
• Controls upsurge and down surge.
 DELIVERY CISTERN / OUT FALL
STRUCTURE
• Required to dissipate the energy of
free water fall from pipe to avoid
erosion of canal
• Bed level of the Cistern should
always be kept below the bed level of
the delivery canal.
• Pipe invert level must be above
FSL/FRL to avoid reverse flow
• Pipe shall be almost nearer to the GL
for pipe safety
• Outfall may abut the face of tank
bund, if any, but not be located in
bund line
SCADA ( Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition )
• LIS with Multiple pumping
stations needs proper monitoring and
vigilance for better synchronization,
for which SCADA installation is
mandatory.
SCADA collects and detects data
such as :
• Non-functioning of pumps in any
of the pumping stations.
• Non performance of any of the
surge protection devices such as
air vessels / One way surge tanks
(OWST ) etc,.
 Pipe Testing & Thickness
• Radiography test
• UV Test
• Hydraulic Test: To be
performed above design
working pressure to determine
water tightness of joints.
• Hydraulic test may be 1.5
times design pr as per codal
provisions and 1.25 times as
per AWWA.
ALI SAGAR L.I.S.
ALI SAGAR L.I.S.
TADIPUDI L.I.S.
NTPC - DELIVERY CISTERN
MANTHANI LIFT SCHEME
ONE WAY SURGE TANK
THANK YOU