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Meteorology
Abstract
Among the biggest challenges the world faces today are the climate crisis and the broader
issues of environmental sustainability rose in books such as Jared Diamond’s Collapse: How
Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. Part of the solution to this problem depends on climate
science, breakthrough technologies, and policy changes. It makes sense that something that
affects us every day; the weather would find its way into art both as a subject and as the
backdrop in works created by artists over the years. But how do artists depict something fleeting
such as the wind blowing, the sun shining, snowflakes falling how do they capture this moment
and portray the weather in their art? Artsology will show you a number of pieces, both paintings
and photography, created by notable artists who make the weather an important part of their art.
Weather Visualization
This is the forecasting of weather through the use of current technology and science to predict
the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. Weather forecasts are made by
collecting as much data as possible about the current state of the atmosphere (particularly the
temperature, humidity and wind) and using understanding of atmospheric processes (through
meteorology) to determine how the atmosphere evolves in the future. However, the chaotic
nature of the atmosphere and incomplete understanding of the processes mean that forecasts
become less accurate as the range of the forecast increases. There are many tools for weather
data visualization. Some of the tools are standalone and some of them are web based
applications. ArcGIS and MATLAB are the softwares which provide modelling capabilities for
environmental and scientific data. However, due to their high price, it is not practical for an
average user to use them. A web based visualization system is proposed for the end-users to view
and interpret time-varying Geographical Information Systems (GIS) data. To test the technique, a
Spatial Information Visualizer varying with time, based on GIS is produced. The goal is to give
the non-specialized client, who is not a specialist in utilizing advanced GIS programming, the
capacity to opinion, translate and comprehend time-fluctuating, perplexing, spatial information
utilizing an electronic strategy. A research study has addressed the challenge of inconsistent
encoding of weather visualizations and the relationship of weather features. Most of the
visualization systems provide generic forecasts regardless of the user type. However, proposed a
self-configurable, user specific climate research and anticipating framework that uses Grid
computing to provide scalable weather data forecasting and analysis system (Lynch 3432).
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How computers Contributes to weather visualization

Throughout history, numerous techniques and experiments were performed by meteorologists to
predict the weather with greater efficacy over time. Due to substantial advances in technology, it
is now possible to forecast the weather days and even months in advance which was not truly
possible before the mid-20th century. The use of computer models became widespread mainly
throughout the 1960s, as the first weather satellites were launched. The types of computer
models that are used in forecasts depend mostly on the type of climate and weather conditions.
Computers are used for interpolating data, and analyzing very complicated data. In forecasting
we need to look at a lot of weather variables (temperature, dew point, pressure and wind speed to
name a few). We only collect this data from weather observation sites which can be tens to
hundreds of kilometers apart. In order to determine these values at locations between the
observation sites we interpolate. When you are forecasting you need look at a lot of data and
determine what is going on to determine what is going to happen next. If humans did all the
interpolating themselves for all the data they would never be able to issue the forecast in the time
that is expected. Furthermore, now that we have very complicated values to analyze (vorticity for
example) there is no way that a human can calculate the effect of all the various factors in play.
A computer has to do it. Computers are also required for using weather radar, and yes to a lesser
extent satellite data. The need to visualize huge amounts of numerical data is exemplified in the
field of meteorology, where measurements of many atmospheric parameters are routinely taken
over large geographical areas for the purpose of monitoring and predicting weather. Computer
graphics has provided and will continue to offer powerful tools to meet this visualization
challenge, principally in three areas: first, efficient graphics algorithms for displaying the data;
second, novel special-purpose graphics hardware; and third, interactive techniques for
graphically manipulating the data at close to video rates. This paper reviews past and current
uses of computer graphics for gaining insight from measured or modeled meteorological data
(Lynch 3434).
Many new opportunities may be enabled through the clever use of cloud computing resources.
For example, regional, higher-resolution weather predictions can be used to improve forecast
accuracy for phenomena including convective storms and their precipitation, or terrain-
dependent hazards such as those shown in the tehuanapecer wind example. The availability of
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higher-resolution, regional weather forecasts also permits other spinoffs that enable additional
applications, such as using convection-permitting simulations to predict higher thunderstorm rain
rates that may contribute to landslides within susceptible areas, or the use of simulation output to
drive local dispersion models to address local issues related to agricultural burning, air quality, or
hazardous emissions. Furthermore, the on-demand nature of cloud computing allows for
simulations to be requested in response to significant events or local disasters if the end-user
community cannot afford daily simulations. Cloud computing and IaaS-driven applications will
provide new opportunities for establishing data processing and simulation capabilities within
end-user communities that do not have immediate access to a fully established supercomputing
facility.

The way computer artists help scientists to get back to the public in a way they might send
the message correctly
Computer use has changed the way most people do business, including those in the art field. Not
only do artists, animators, photographers and filmmakers use computers to create their art, they
use them for much more. With the advent of computer technology brought the ability to preserve
artworks in digital format as well as speed up art distribution and professional promotion via the
web.
Art is a certain kind of specialized communication. Communication is not necessarily art. Art
does not equal communication, but all art is communication. In mathematical terms, art is a
member of the set of communication. What makes art different and special is that a
communication that has value. Computer art-work usually follows the rules of communication. If
it’s too original, it is difficult for people to understand. If it is too unoriginal, it is a bore. Too
loud and it is irritating. Too quiet and it has no impact. If the subject bears no relationship with
the experiences of the perceiver, it is not likely to be grasped. If it deals with a subject in a way
that is not stimulating, it is not likely to be valued. Communication through art can be achieved
in many ways that don't rely on words. Sometimes they're obvious, like a celebratory image of a
political leader. But other times, artworks communicate through elements you might not notice at
first, like the choice of colors, composition (the underlying form and how elements relate to one
another), or how the forms are either put together or fractured. Art often explores broad ideas or
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themes, some more obvious than others, and art often reflects on the time period in which it was
created, whether as a statement of support or a reaction against something.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) visualization laboratory
NOAA stands for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA scientist
studies the skies and the oceans. NWS is the National Weather Service. NWS is a component of
the NOAA. The National Weather Service is a component of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, (NOAA). NOAA is also an operating unit of the U.S. Department
of Commerce. NOAA warns of dangerous weather, charts seas, guides the use and protection of
ocean and coastal resources, and conducts research to improve understanding and stewardship of
the environment. NWS is an agency of the United States government, which is a part of the
United States department of Commerce that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings
of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the
purposes of protection, safety, and general information. These sources include Forecast, which
has a many other options, this source will inform you on the local weather, graphical forecast,
aviation forecast, marine forecasts, rivers and lakes, hurricanes, severe weather, fire weather,
sun/moon, long range forecast, and climate prediction. This site also includes Past Weather to
show past weather, which have options like heating/cooling days, monthly temperatures, records,
and astronomical data. The site also has safety source, to help you prepare for storms or any
other natural weather occasion, they have safety on floods, tsunamis, beach hazards, cold,
wildfires, tornadoes, fog, air quality and other. News is also a source that would relate directly to
your daily need, it has news on the National Weather Service, events, social media,
pubs/brochures/booklets, and the National Weather Service media contacts (Lynch 3437).
The work of NOAA
NOAA is an agency that enriches life through science. Our reach goes from the surface of the
sun to the depths of the ocean floor as we work to keep citizens informed of the changing
environment around them. From daily weather forecasts, severe storm warnings, and climate
monitoring to fisheries management, coastal restoration and supporting marine commerce,
NOAA’s products and services support economic vitality and affect more than one-third of
America’s gross domestic product. NOAA’s dedicated scientists use cutting-edge research and
high-tech instrumentation to provide citizens, planners, emergency managers and other decision
makers with reliable information they need when they need it.
NOAA plays several specific roles in society, the benefits of which extend beyond the US
economy and into the larger global community:
 A Supplier of Environmental Information Products. NOAA supplies to its customers and
partners information pertaining to the state of the oceans and the atmosphere. This is
clear through the production of weather warnings and forecasts via the National Weather
Service, but NOAA's information products extend to climate, ecosystems and commerce
as well.
 A Provider of Environmental Stewardship Services. NOAA is a steward of U.S. coastal
and marine environments. In coordination with federal, state, local, tribal and
international authorities, NOAA manages the use of these environments, regulating
fisheries and marine sanctuaries as well as protecting threatened and endangered marine
species.
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 A Leader in Applied Scientific Research. NOAA is intended to be a source of accurate

and objective scientific information in the four particular areas of national and global
importance identified above: ecosystems, climate, weather and water, and commerce and
transportation.
The five "fundamental activities" are:
i. Monitoring and observing Earth systems with instruments and data collection networks.
ii. Understanding and describing Earth systems through research and analysis of that data.
iii. Assessing and predicting the changes of these systems over time.
iv. Engaging, advising, and informing the public and partner organizations with important
information.
v. Managing resources for the betterment of society, economy and environment.
NOAA's roots reach back more than 200 years: It is an America's environmental intelligence
agency. In 1807, President Thomas Jefferson founded the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (as
the Survey of the Coast) to provide nautical charts to the maritime community for safe passage
into American ports and along our extensive coastline. The Weather Bureau was founded 1870
and, one year later, the U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries was founded. Individually, these
organizations were America's first physical science agency, America's first agency dedicated
specifically to the atmospheric sciences, and America's first conservation agency. Science at
NOAA is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the ocean, atmosphere, and
related ecosystems; integration of research and analysis; observations and monitoring; and
environmental modeling. NOAA science includes discoveries and ever new understanding of the
oceans and atmosphere, and the application of this understanding to such issues as the causes and
consequences of climate change, the physical dynamics of high-impact weather events, the
dynamics of complex ecosystems and biodiversity, and the ability to model and predict the future
states of these systems. Science provides the foundation and future promise of the service and
stewardship elements of NOAA’s mission (Lynch 3439).
Stewardship is NOAA’s direct use of its knowledge to protect people and the environment, as the
Agency exercises its direct authority to regulate and sustain marine fisheries and their
ecosystems, protect endangered marine and anadromous species, protect and restore habitats and
ecosystems, conserve marine sanctuaries and other protected places, respond to environmental
emergencies, and aid in disaster recovery. The foundation of NOAA’s long-standing record of
scientific, technical, and organizational excellence is its people. NOAA’s diverse functions
require an equally diverse set of skills and constantly evolving abilities in its workforce. Also
underlying NOAA’s continued success is its unique infrastructure. NOAA’s core mission
functions require satellite systems, ships, buoys, aircraft, research facilities, high-performance
computing, and information management and distribution systems. The agency provides
research-to-application capabilities that can recognize and apply significant new understanding
to questions, develop research products and methods, and apply emerging science and
technology to user needs. NOAA invests in and depends heavily on the science, management,
and engagement capabilities of its partners. Collectively, NOAA’s organizational enterprise-
wide capabilities its people, infrastructure, research, and partnerships are essential for NOAA to
achieve its vision, mission, and long-term goals (Lynch 3440).
Conclusion
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In summary, throughout history, numerous techniques and experiments were performed by

meteorologists to predict the weather with greater efficacy over time. Due to substantial
advances in technology, it is now possible to forecast the weather days and even months in
advance which was not truly possible before the mid-20th century. The use of computer models
became widespread mainly throughout the 1960s, as the first weather satellites were launched.
The types of computer models that are used in forecasts depend mostly on the type of climate
and weather conditions.
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Work Cited
Lynch, Peter. "The origins of computer weather prediction and climate modeling." Journal of
Computational Physics 227.7 (2016): 3431-3444.