International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248

Volume: 4 Issue: 2 213– 216

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Review of Detection and Classification Techniques for Power Quality Events

Rajender Kumar Beniwal Rinku Kumar Rohit Saini

Department of Electrical Engineering
DCR University of Science &
Technology
Sonepat, India
Email: mail.rajender@gmail.com
Department of Electrical Engineering
DCR University of Science &
Technology
Sonepat, India
Email: rinkukumar721@gmail.com
Department of Electronics & Comm.
Engg.
Hindu College of Engineering
Sonepat, India
Email: rohitsaini2010@gmail.com

Abstract— This paper presents a short review on the field of power quality. Power quality is directly related to the performance of the electric
equipment. The accurate and reliable operation and life of equipment based on the quality of input power. So the main concern on the power
quality is for satisfactory operation of each connected equipment. Detection, classification and mitigation are the main steps used in the power
quality analysis. Accurate detection and classification gives effective mitigation solutions. A number of research papers are reviewed and
presented here which gives some knowledge about power quality field.
Keywords- power quality; signal processing; artificial intelligence
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I. INTRODUCTION
The term Power Quality (PQ) deals with electromagnetic
behaviour of the power system network and the electrical
equipments connected. With the advancement in technology
the equipments are more prominent to the supply and more
sensitive. Use of power electronics equipments is common now
a days and the non-linear behaviour of these equipment destroy
the quality of the supply.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE),
defines PQ as "the concept of powering and grounding
electronic equipment in a manner that is suitable to the
operation of that equipment and compatible with the premise
wiring system and other connected equipment."
The word power quality is related with the quality of the
electric power supplied by the utilities. From last two decades,
it is a major research area for the power systems. Every
equipment is designed to operate on the specified power
supply, any deviation from these specification results in
misoperation and may damage the equipment. In present
scenario electric equipments are more sensitive to the supply
and the use of non-linear equipments create distortion in the
supply. Hence, the thrust on the power quality research is
increased.
The power quality disturbances like sag, swell, transients,
interruptions, harmonics, notch etc. are occurs in transmission
and distributions networks. For the desired functioning of the
equipments these disturbances must be mitigated. For the
mitigation purpose detection and classification of these
disturbances is very important. A plenty of work has been done
in this area and some of the work has been presented in this
paper.
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II. LITERATURE REVIEW
For the detection and classification of PQ disturbances or
events, signal processing and artificial techniques are used by
the researchers. Some of the PQ disturbances are due to
environmental factors like storm, lightning etc. and due to
improper connections for theft [1-5] which also causes PQ
distortion. The electricity reforms [7,12] create competitions
among different companies and customer stratification [6,10] is
one of the major challenge for these companies. So the demand
of steady and clean power i.e., service quality [8,9,11,13,14] to
the customer is also priority of the companies. Some of the
researches are presented in this section.
Eristi et al. [15] have presents classification of PQ events by
using S-Transform (ST) and Extreme Learning Machine
(ELM) technique. In this proposed method, the different
features have been extracted by S-Transform and extracted
features are fed to the ELM classifier for classification of
various PQ events. The real and synthetic power quality events
are generated in MATLAB/SIMULINK with added noises of
20, 30 and 50 db. An analysis of power system generation and
distribution system has been presented in [16-17].
Authors in [18] have analyzed voltage sag and voltage
swell in power system networks by using ellipse parameters of
voltage. The authors have used the instantaneous magnitude
information of three phase voltages in three axis, separated by
1200. Veena et al. [19] proposed a Time/ Frequency domain
approach. Using extracted features, PQ disturbances like sag,
swell, transients outage and harmonics are classified. In the
proposed method, the models are simulated from parametric
equations, which are given the 100% classification efficiency.
Smart distribution sytems are also under development phase
[20-21].
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Deokar et al. [22] have proposed an integrated approach of
Discrete Wavelet Transform and Fast Fourier Transform. Total
sixteen type disturbances are simulated using parametric
equations in MATLAB. Rule based approach is used for
classification of PQ disturbances. Hence, from present study
we found that the proposed DWT-FFT approach gives
effective. Authors in [23] have proposed a Sparse Signal
Decomposition technique. By this method PQ signals are
decomposed into detail and approximation signals containing
impulse and sinusoidal waveforms. Features have been
extracted from these waveforms and then the signals are
Table 1. Important works on fault detection and classification of voltage sag
Authors Signal Processing Techniques Classifiers
Iovan et al. [32] Virtual technology ---
Kumar et al. [33] S-Transform ANN and RBDT
Latran et al. [34] Wavelet Transform ---
Kanirajan et al. [35] Wavelet Transform RBFNN-PSO
Babu et al. [41] EMD, HHT SVM
Eristi et al. [15] S-Transform ELM
Biswal et al. [42] EMD, HHT BNT
Deokar rt al. [22] DWT, FFT MRA Curves
Manikandan et al. [23] Sparse-Signal Decomposition HDT Algorithm
ratio. Similarly, the algorithms used for classifying power
disturbances were compared such as ANN, SVM, FL, BC,
MLP, k-NN and BPNN. These classifiers have been compared
on the basis of classification accuracy, flexibility and time
consumed. Some more techniques other than traditional
techniques as discussed above are also used by the researchers
in some of the reported articles such as empirical mode
decomposition (EMD) with Hilbert transform (HT) i.e., HHT
[28], demodulation concept [29] and TT-transform [30] based
for analyzing of PQ events.
Iovan et al. [31] have studied power quality events like
three phase voltage dips through virtual laboratory. Virtual
laboratory exhibits various kinds of voltage sag having
different properties. They have analyzed different signals to get
the information generated for different users. In [32], a
significant work on PQ disturbances by using Stock well’s
transform (ST) and artificial neural network based classifier
and rule based decision tree. The proposed algorithm indicates
the different multiple power quality disturbances in which
harmonics with sag, swell, interruptions etc. are considered.
This algorithm summarizes various features of power quality
disturbances by applying S-transform, which are used as an
input to the hybrid classifier for different power quality
disturbance classification.
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ISSN: 2454-4248
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classified by hierarchical decision-tree algorithm. Both
synthetic and micro grid simulated power quality disturbances
are tested.
For detection and classification of PQ events various signal
processing tools have been proposed by the researchers in [24-
26]. Further intelligent techniques used for classification were
also discussed along with some optimization techniques.
Different strategies for analysis of non-stationary signals have
been compared such as STFT, GT, ST, WT, KF etc. [27].
These techniques have been compared on the basis of
frequency and time resolution, convergence, signal-to-noise
Faults Signal Used
3-phase Voltage dip Real
Harmonic with Sag, Swell,
Real
Interruptions
Sag Synthetic
Sag, Swell, Harmonics etc. Synthetic
L-L, D-L-L Synthetic
L-L Real and Synthetic
Sag, Flicker etc. Synthetic
Sag, Swell, Interruptions,
Synthetic
Harmonics
Sag, Swell etc. Synthetic
Latran et al. [33] have proposed an algorithm for voltage
sag based on Db2 and Db8 wavelets, which are used to detect
voltage sag with or without phase jumps for good competitive
results between other methods like dq-transform, fast Fourier
transform and EPLL. Authors in [34], have presented wavelet
transform technique based on radial basis function neural
network (RBFNN) classifier, proposed algorithm indicates the
different types of power quality disturbances in which various
features extracted by using wavelet transform were used for
training RBFNN for the classification of events. Other
researches using multiwavelet [35-37], Legendre wavelet [38]
and modified potential function [39] are also presented.
Babu et al. [40] depict classification of power system
faults by using Empirical mode decomposition and support
vector machine. A multiple SVM model was used for
classifying the fault conditions in various power system faults.
Biswal et al. [41] have proposed a method for the power quality
events classification which is based on Empirical mode
decomposition and Hilbert transform. In this paper, EMD with
HT has shown a better time-frequency localization for non-
stationary signal patterns. In the proposed method, for event
classification the extracted features are given to a balanced
neural tree (BNT). Hence, from present study we found that the
proposed method gives better result in comparison to ST.
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Naik et al. [42] have studied the analysis of short duration
PQ disturbances such as sag, swell, harmonics, oscillatory
transients etc. by using Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT). The
proposed method has used Wavelet packet transform
decomposition levels which are used to extract the parameters
for the identification of power quality disturbances. Analysis of
non-linear power quality disturbances has been presented in
[43] and classification using fuzzy logic is presented in [44]. In
[45], an Embedded system based distributed private cloud
(EBDPC) is presented. Single channel independent component
analysis (ICA) approach is presented in [46]. By proposed
method, the independent components of the power system
signal have been classified by classifier. The qualitative and
quantitative analysis acknowledge the efficiency. Fractionally
delay wavelets [47] and frequency management has been
presented in [48].
Moreno et al. [49] have proposed an algorithm for detection
and isolation of power quality monitoring from other
disturbances based on power quality analyzer (PQA). In this
algorithm, various kinds of disturbances have been
programmed in PQA.
In [50-51], the authors present an approach for detection
and analysis of sag and transients present in the supply voltage.
Continuous wavelet transform has been used as signal
processing technique which presents the signal under study in
time-frequency domain. This gives correct time localization
and amplitude of the sag and transient signal.
III. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS
Various signal processing techniques used in the works are
mentioned in the Table 1 along with the type of faults being
considered, different types of signal being operated upon and
various classifiers used for classification of different type of
fault. Consequently, ANN based RBDT has been used in
reported work as in [33]. SVM using kernel function for better
performance has been used in reported work as in Babu et al.
[41]. EMD, a signal processing technique, has been used with
one or more improved form Hilbert Huang Transform, as in
Babu et al. [41], Biswal et al. [42].
IV. CONCLUSION
The literature of the power quality is very vast; it shows the
importance of the power quality. A plenty of work has been
done in this field. Different researchers present different
approaches. Some of the approaches are presented in this paper,
which gives an introductory idea about power quality and
different problems in this field. By analyzing this review it is
concluded that power quality disturbancces are cause of huge
financial losses. For proper solution of these problems effective
detection and classification is main key for mitigation.
IJFRCSCE | February 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
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