Professional Documents
Culture Documents
September 9, 2013)
MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS
Environment
Nursing client
Nursing problem
Nursing process
Nursing therapeutics
Self care – practice of activities that individual initiates and perform on their own behalf
in maintaining life ,health and well being
Self care agency – is a human ability which is "the ability for engaging in self care" -
conditioned by age developmental state, life experience sociocultural orientation health
and available resources
Therapeutic self care demand – "totality of self care actions to be performed for some
duration in order to meet self care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of
operations and actions"
Self care requisites - action directed towards provision of self care. 3 categories of self
care requisites are-
o Universal self care requisites
o Developmental self care requisites
o Health deviation self care requisites
Associated with life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of human structure
and functioning
Common to all , ADL
Identifies these requisites as:
o Maintenance of sufficient intake of air ,water, food
o Provision of care assoc with elimination process
o Balance between activity and rest, between solitude and social interaction
o Prevention of hazards to human life well being and
o Promotion of human functioning
Describes how the patient’s self care needs will be met by the nurse , the patient, or both
Identifies 3 classifications of nursing system to meet the self care requisites of the
patient:-
Wholly compensatory system
Partly compensatory system
Supportive – educative system
Design and elements of nursing system define
Scope of nursing responsibility in health care situations
General and specific roles of nurses and patients
Reasons for nurses’ relationship with patients and
Orem recognized that specialized technologies are usually developed by members of the
health profession
A technology is systematized information about a process or a method for affecting some
desired result through deliberate practical endeavor, with or without use of materials or
instruments.
Categories of technologies
1. Social or interpersonal
2. Regulatory technologies
Nursing process presents a method to determine the self care deficits and then to define
the roles of person or nurse to meet the self care demands.
The steps within the approach are considered to be the technical component of the
nursing process.
Orem emphasizes that the technological component "must be coordinated with
interpersonal and social processes within nursing situations.
Implementation Step 3
evaluation
Nurse assists the patient or family
in self care matters to achieve
identified and described health and
health related results. collecting
evidence in evaluating results
achieved against results specified
in the nursing system design
Actions are directed by etiology
component of nursing diagnosis
evaluation
Orem's theory
o interrelate concepts in such a way as to create a different way of looking at a
particular phenomenon
o is logical in nature.
o is relatively simple yet generalizable
o is basis for hypothesis that can be tested
o contribute to and assist in increasing the general body of knowledge within the
discipline through the research implemented to validate them
o can be used by the practitioners to guide and improve their practice
o must be consistent with other validated theories ,laws and principles
Strengths
Limitations
In general system theory a system is viewed as a single whole thing while Orem defines a
system as a single whole, thing.
Health is often viewed as dynamic and ever changing.
The theory is illness oriented.
REFERENCES
Orem, D.E. (1991). Nursing: Concepts of practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year
Book Inc.
Taylor, S.G. (2006). Dorthea E. Orem: Self-care deficit theory of nursing. In A.M.
Tomey, A. & Alligood, M. (2002). Significance of theory for nursing as a discipline and
profession. Nursing Theorists and their work. Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
of America.
Whelan, E. G. (1984). Analysis and application of Dorothea Orem’s Self-care Practuce
Model. Retrieved October 31, 2006.
George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice, 3rd ed.
Norwalk, Appleton & Lange.
Wills M.Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia.
Lippincott Williams& wilkins.
Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development & Progress 3rd ed.
Philadelphia, Lippincott.
Taylor Carol,Lillis Carol (2001)The Art & Science Of Nursing Care 4th ed.
Philadelphia, Lippincott.
Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne (1992) Fundamentals Of Nursing –Concepts Process &
Practice 3rd ed. London Mosby Year Book.