Equipment Description 1 IEL ID No

Howitzers Fire Control System
IEL Equipment Description

ID 1 Cannon Tube Subsystem
No.1.1
Cannon tube
1.2 Breech
1.3 Bore evacuator
1.4 Muzzle brake
1.5 Thrust collar
1.6 Travel lock
2 Hydraulic Subsystem
2.1
Rammer
2.1 Variable recoil
2.3 Cannon equilibrator
2.4 Power Pack
2.5 Actuating valve
2.6 Tray
2.7
Handle
2.8
Blocking valve
2.9
Cylinder valve
3
Sighting Subsystem
3.1
Elbow telescope
3.2 Panoramic telescope
3.2 Panoramic telescope ballistic cover
3.4 Allignment device
3.5 Collimator
3.6 Dial sight
PHL: Field Artillary Cannon Battery & M119 Cannon
System Element Type: Energy Sources
No. System Item Hazard Hazard Effects
Howitzer veiable Recoil Variable Recoil system striking personnel 1. Injury to personnel/posible loss of life 2.
Damage to recoil system
PHL-1
Cab Amminition safety racks Rounds falling out of racks 1. Injury to personnel/posible loss of life 2.
Damage to projectile
PHL-2
Howitzer Ammunition M82 primer failure to function 1. Howitzer fails to fire resulting in at least a five minute delay in the
mission or possible mission failure
PHL-3
Howitzer Ammunition M4 Series Propelling Charges failure to function 1Howitzer fails to fire resulting in 5mi delay 2. Round falls long or
short of target 3. possible injury/loss of life to personnel
PHL-4
Howitzer Engine The engine produces carbon monoxcide 1. can cause illness, permanent neurological damage, loss of life
PHL-5
Howitzer Fuel fuel leaks into the hul of howitzer could cause fire resulting in loss of equipment, injury to personnel or
loss of life
PHL-6
Howitzer radio comunnication system Loss communication during fire mission failure to receive emergency voice commands
PHL-7
Howitzer Battery led acid battery gases can explode Gases can explode, causing injury, loss of life and damage or loss of
equipment
PHL-8
Howitzer computer Improper installation will result in low level shock to personnel
PHL-9
Howitzer computer computer displays ghost data Could result in round fired inadvertently
PHL-10
System Element Type:
Hazardous Functions
No. System Item
Hazard Hazard Effects
Howitzer gunner display unit(GDU) GDU fails to display correct data Crew will not receive data to conduct mission
PHL-11
Howitzer Ammunition- Fuze verable time Premature or late funtioning of fuze up to 1 sec Round could detonate as close as 300 meters from tube potential
(VT) enjury to personnel and equipment
PHL-12
Howitzer Ammunition- Fuze Mechinical Premature or late funtioning of fuze up to .10 sec Potential injury to personel and equipment
time (MT)
PHL-13
Howitzer Ammunition-FuzePoint Premature or late functioning of fuze Potential injury to personel and equipment
detonating (PD)
PHL-14
Howitzer Ammunition- Propellant charge Fails to ignite properly Resulting in a cook off which could cause a blowback potential
injury/loss of life to personnel and damaged equuipment
PHL-15
Howitzer Ammunition- Propellant charge ignites prematurly due to cannon tube temp. Resulting in a cook off which could cause a blowback potential
injury/loss of life to personnel and damaged equuipment
PHL-16
Howitzer radio comunnication system Loss communication during fire mission failure to receive emergency voice commands
PHL-17
Howitzer fire extinguisher ineffective while the engine is running and doesn’t Loss of personnel and equipment due to fire
work above 1100 rpm
PHL-18
Howitzer computer computer dispays incorrect data or unreadable data Could result in round landing off target resulting in loss of personnel
and equipment
PHL-19
Howitzer computer computer display is unreadable Will result in mission failure due to digital communications
PHL-20
Hazardous Operations
No. System Item
Howitzer Preperation for firing-breech Opening and closing of breech 1. Injury to personnel 2. possible Blowback when projectile is fired
PHL-21
Howitzer preperation for firing- checking recuperator proper fluid levels 1. Over filling with hydrolic fluid could result in blown seals during
recuperator firing resulting in round falling short of the target.
PHL-22
Howitzer preperation for firing-Collamator Improper Emplacement of the collamator, the can cause rounds to be fired in wrong direction.
primary aiming refrence..
PHL-23
Howitzer Ammunition failure to inspect ammunition Could result in unnecessary ammunition malfunctions, which could
cause bodily injury
PHL-24
Howitzer firing-direction Improper lay for direction Will result in round impacting left or right of the target causing
possible loss of life
PHL-25
Howitzer firing-elevation Improper lay for elevation will result in round impacting long or short of the target causing
possible loss of life to forward observers
PHL-26
Howitzer firing-fuze Wrong fuze settings Will result in round exploding premature or late which could cause
injury or loss of life to personnel
PHL-27
Howitzer firing-breech failure to ensure breech is properly closed Could result in a blowback, posible injury to personel or loss of life
PHL-28
Howitzer firing-firing Mechinsm Improper functioning or forcing to close Could result in permature funtioning of primer causing blowback
resulting in injury and loss of life
PHL-29
Howitzer Hull-Thermometer Self-indicating Thermometer fails 1. Long term exposure to extreme temperatures can produce central
neverous system damage and possible death.
PHL-30
Hazardous Components
No. System Item
Howitzer canon visible damage or foreign matter in tube. 1. Severed injury or death of personnel. 2. round explodes in tube
PHL-31
Howitzer Track Lost or defective track(s) 1. Cause a rollover, placing occupants at risk of injury or death.
PHL-32
Howitzer Hull- Ventilation Ventilation air intake grille fails 1. Improper ventilation can cause suffocation, upper respirator
issues, or death to occupants due to prolonged exposure to toxic
fumes.
PHL-33
Howitzer Hull-Thermometer Self-indicating Thermometer fails 1. Long term exposure to extreme temperatures can produce central
neverous system damage and possible death.
PHL-34
Howitzer Hull- Lighting Incandescent lighting (dome and instrument panel) 1. Prolonged exposure can cause health issues such as headaches
emit ultraviolet radiation. and eye strain.
PHL-35
Howitzer Firing- Site Sighting instruments - telescopes 1. The telescopes alinement device is radioactively illuminated. 2. If
Valves are broken or defective can cause harm or death from
radiation exposure.
PHL-36
Howitzer personal heater Improperly operating personal heater 1. Improperly operating personal heater can lead to exhaust odors
or exposure to carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide exposure can
cause headaches, difficulty breathing or death.
PHL-37
Howitzer exhaust grille Blocked exhaust grille can lead to CO poisoning. 1. A blocked exhaust grille will prevent air circulation within the hull
can lead to CO poisoning. (CO poisoning caused headaches,
dizziness, paranoid state or death)
PHL-38
Howitzer generator Exposure to high voltage. 1. High voltage can cause heart fibrillation, electrocution or death.
PHL-39
Howitzer rectifer Exposure to high voltage. 1. High voltage can cause heart fibrillation, electrocution or death.
PHL-40
Hazardous Materials
No. System Item
Howitzer fire control alignment Personnel Exposed to trithium gas while using the 1. Personnel Health hazards depending on exposure time and
M140 Alignment device caused by broken valves. amount. 2. failure of the device to illuminate
PHL-41
Howitzer ammunition- unused propellant Propellant charge disposal requires burning of 1. can lead to damage to enviorment burns to personnel and
charges charges equipment.
PHL-42
Howitzer lubricant- Cleaner lubricant continus use of CLP may cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract and may be fatal if
preservetant (CLP) swallowed
PHL-43
Howitzer movement- Fuel Diesel Fuel spill 1. while refueling could cause injury to eyes, skin, lungs and is an
enviornmental hazard
PHL-44
Howitzer Hydraulics Hydraulic fluid spill 1. May cause swellingand redness to the skin. Can cause intestinal
problems which could ultimately lead to death and presents an
enviormental Hazard
PHL-45
Howitzer ammunition- white phosphorus White phosphorus exposure to personnel 1. Can cause injury or death by burning deep into tissue, being
round inhaled as a smoke and ingested and can lead to death.
PHL-46
Howitzer ammunition- subblamentary contains Tetrytol (secondary high explosive) Exposure 1. Can lead to skin sensitization, such as dermatitis, itch and
charge exposure to personnel erythema. It can also affect mucous membrane, respiratory tract
and possibly the liver.
PHL-47
Howitzer engine Engine transmission oil spillage 1. Ground water pollution can happen from spillage, seeping into
the ground.
PHL-48
Howitzer radiator Radiator coolant (Anti-freeze) spillage 1. Anti-freeze is poisnous to humans and other animals. If ingested
can lead to severe diarrhea, vomiting, kidney falure and death.
PHL-49
Howitzer engine Engine oil spillage (pollution) 1. Engine oil contains a mixture of of toxic compounds such as
benzene. Benzene is known to cause leukemia in humans.
PHL-50
annon Battery & M119 Cannon
Energy Sources
Comments
1. Ensure personnel are clear of recoil before firing 2. Ensure proper fluid levels in recuperator,
no obstruction are in recoil area.
1. Ensure projectiles are properly secured with lock pins
1. Ensure primer is stored in dry place and do not remove from plastic package until ready for use
1. Must be stored in cool dry place, inspect before use 2. ensure correct charge is loeded using secondary checks
1. Stand at a safe distance from vehicle when starting do not operate in confined space for example a dough in
position.
1. Ensure to check fuel line and pump for leaks
1. conduct periodic commo checks
1. do not have open flames, or make sparks around a battery
1. Ensure proper connection 2. use proper PPE while handling antena
1. Improved communications between Howitzer crew and fire direction center
Comments
1. Conduct dry missions prior to live fire.
1. ensure correct time is set, setting verified by SC
1. Ensure correct time is set, setting verified by SC
1. Ensure correct time is set, setting verified by SC
1. ensure Propellant charges are properly stored prior to loading
1. swab cannon tube with water to keep tempature down during intence firing
1. conduct fire drills, ensure proper maintenance is concucted
1. ensure regular maintenance is conducted
1. Ensure equipment is fully mission capable prior to mission
Comments
Ensure breech is properly closed witness marks completely alligned.
Ensure fluid levels are correct and there are no cracks around seals.
1. Ensure aiming refrence is emplaced IAW TM 9-2350-311-10 2. Ensure secondary check are being
conducted.
1. Ensure inspection are done IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
1. Ensure correct target data is being placed on the gunners site by the gunner use secondary safety checks
conducted by the section chief (SC)
1. Ensure correct target data is being placed on the assistant gunners site by the AG use secondary safety checks
conducted by the section chief
1. Proper safety checks conducted by cannoneer #1 announced to the section chief, section chief properly verifies
settings proir to loading
1. Ensure witness marks are alligned and cheched by SC
1. Check proper functioning of device during prefire checks
1. Ensure proper maintenance is conducted to keep equipment in proper working condiction IAW TM 9-2350-311-
10
Comments
1. Muzzle plug is most common, ensure tube is clear of obstructions before loading
1. Check track for safety before driving IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
10
10
1. Only use when needed for operating equipment
1. ensure proper PPE is being used while operating equipment 2. ensure device is properly stored in
carring case and case is secured
10
1. ensure grille is free of obstructions before and during operations
1. ensure proper PPE is being used while operating equipment
1. ensure proper PPE is being used while operating equipment
Comments
1. ensure proper PPE is being used while operating equipment 2. ensure device is properly stored in
carring case and case is secured
1. burn at least 500 meters from equipment or personnel place increments

2. ensure fire fight equipment is on hand
1. Use PPE while using product
1. use PPE while refueling including the use of drip pan 2. Any spillage be reported to
enviromental safety office
1. use PPE while adding fluid including the use of drip pan 2. Any spillage be reported to
1. use PPE while handling round 2. Any spillage be reported to enviromental

safety office
1. properly secure and unused charge until they can be turned in for proper disposal
PHA Analysis
Sytem Element Type: M109 Howitzers Fire Control System: Energy Sources
Element Subsystem-Feed Analyst:
Number Hazard Causes
Howitzer veiable Recoil Variable Recoil system striking
personnel
PHA-1
Cab Amminition safety racks Rounds falling out of racks

PHA-2
Howitzer Ammunition M82 primer failure to function
PHA-3
Howitzer Ammunition M4 Series Propelling Charges failure to

function
PHA-4
Howitzer Engine The engine produces carbon

monoxcide
PHA-5
Howitzer Fuel fuel leaks into the hul of howitzer

PHA-6
Howitzer radio comunnication system Loss communication during fire

PHA-7 mission
Howitzer Battery led acid battery gases can explode
PHA-8
Howitzer computer Improper installation
PHA-9
Howitzer computer computer displays ghost data
PHA-10
PHA Analysis
System Element Type: M109 Howitzers Fire Control System: Hazardous Functions
PHA-11 Howitzer gunner display unit(GDU) GDU fails to display correct data
Premature or late funtioning of fuze
PHA-12 Howitzer Ammunition- Fuze verable time (VT) up to 1 sec
Premature or late funtioning of fuze

PHA-13 Howitzer Ammunition- Fuze Mechinical time (MT) up to .10 sec
PHA-14 Howitzer Ammunition-FuzePoint detonating (PD) Premature or late functioning of fuze
PHA-15 Howitzer Ammunition- Propellant charge Fails to ignite properly
ignites prematurly due to cannon tube

PHA-16 Howitzer Ammunition- Propellant charge temp.
Loss communication during fire

PHA-17 Howitzer radio comunnication system mission
ineffective while the engine is running

PHA-18 Howitzer fire extinguisher and doesn’t work above 1100 rpm
computer dispays incorrect data or

PHA-19 Howitzer computer
unreadable data
PHA-20 Howitzer computer computer display is unreadable
PHA Analysis
System Element Type: M109 Howitzers Fire Control System: Hazardous Operation
PHA-21 Howitzer Preperation for firing-breech Opening and closing of breech
checking recuperator proper fluid

PHA-22 Howitzer preperation for firing-recuperator levels
Improper Emplacement of the

PHA-23 Howitzer preperation for firing-Collamator collamator, the primary aiming
refrence..
PHA-24 Howitzer Ammunition failure to inspect ammunition
PHA-25 Howitzer firing-direction Improper lay for direction

PHA-26 Howitzer firing-elevation Improper lay for elevation
PHA-27 Howitzer firing-fuze Wrong fuze settings
failure to ensure breech is properly

PHA-28 Howitzer firing-breech closed
Improper functioning or forcing to

PHA-29 Howitzer firing-firing Mechinsm close
PHA-30 Howitzer Hull-Thermometer Self-indicating Thermometer fails
PHA Analysis
System Element Type: M109 Howitzers Fire Control System: Hazardous Material
Personnel Exposed to trithium gas

PHA-31 Howitzer fire control alignment while using the M140 Alignment
device caused by broken valves.
Propellant charge disposal requires

PHA-32 Howitzer ammunition- unused propellant charges burning of charges
PHA-33 Howitzer lubricant- Cleaner lubricant preservetant (CLP) continus use of CLP
PHA-34 Howitzer movement- Fuel Diesel Fuel spill

PHA-35 Howitzer Hydraulics Hydraulic fluid spill
White phosphorus exposure to

PHA-36 Howitzer ammunition- white phosphorus round personnel
contains Tetrytol (secondary high

PHA-37 Howitzer ammunition- subblamentary charge explosive) Exposure exposure to
personnel
PHA-38 Howitzer engine Engine transmission oil spillage
PHA-39 Howitzer radiator Radiator coolant (Anti-freeze) spillage
PHA-40 Howitzer engine Engine oil spillage (pollution)
PHA Analysis
System Element Type: M109 Howitzers Fire Control System: Harzadous Components
visible damage or foreign matter in

PHA-41 Howitzer canon tube.
PHA-42 Howitzer Track Lost or defective track(s)
PHA-43 Howitzer Hull- Ventilation Ventilation air intake grille fails

PHA-44 Howitzer Hull-Thermometer Self-indicating Thermometer fails
Incandescent lighting (dome and

PHA-45 Howitzer Hull- Lighting instrument panel) emit ultraviolet
radiation.
PHA-46 Howitzer Firing- Site Sighting instruments - telescopes
PHA-47 Howitzer personal heater Improperly operating personal heater
Blocked exhaust grille can lead to CO

PHA-48 Howitzer exhaust grille poisoning.
PHA-49 Howitzer generator Exposure to high voltage.
PHA-50 Howitzer rectifer Exposure to high voltage.

Date:
Effects Mode IMRI Recommended Actions FMRI Comments Status
1. Injury to personnel/posible loss of 1. Ensure personnel are clear
life 2. Damage to of recoil before firing
recoil system 2. Ensure proper
fluid levels in recuperator, no
obstruction are in recoil area.
operational 2E 2E ope n
1. Injury to personnel/posible loss of 1. Ensure projectiles are

life 2. Damage to operational 2E properly secured with lock 2E ope n
projectile pins
1. Howitzer fails to fire resulting in at 1. Ensure primer is stored in

least a five minute delay in the mission dry place and do not remove
or possible mission failure from plastic package until
operational 2E ready for use 2E ope n
1Howitzer fails to fire resulting in 5mi 1. Must be stored in cool dry

delay 2. Round falls long or short of place, inspect before use 2.
target 3. possible injury/loss of ensure correct charge is
life to personnel operational 2E loeded using secondary 2E ope n
checks
1. can cause illness, permanent 1. Stand at a safe distance

neurological damage, loss of life from vehicle when starting do
not operate in confined
space for example a dough in
operational 2E position. 2E ope n
could cause fire resulting in loss of 1. Ensure to check fuel line

equipment, injury to personnel or loss operational 2E and pump for leaks 2E ope n
of life
failure to receive emergency voice 1. conduct periodic commo

commands operational 2E checks 2E ope n
Gases can explode, causing injury, loss

of life and damage or loss of equipment operational Do not have open flames
2E around the battery or make 2E ope n
sparks
will result in low level shock to 1. Ensure proper connection
personnel 2. use proper PPE while
operational 2E handling antena 2E ope n
Could result in round fired 1. Improved communications

inadvertently between Howitzer crew and
operational 2E fire direction center 2E ope n
Date:
Crew will not receive data to conduct poor 1. Conduct dry missions prior 2E
2E ope n
mission maintanance to live fire.
Round could detonate as close as 300 1. ensure correct time is set, 2E
meters from tube potential enjury to operational 2E ope n
setting verified by SC
personnel and equipment
Potential injury to personel and 1. Ensure correct time is set, 2E

operational 2E ope n
equipment setting verified by SC
Potential injury to personel and 1. Ensure correct time is set, 2E
equipment setting verified by SC
Resulting in a cook off which could 1. ensure Propellant charges

cause a blowback potential injury/loss operational 1E are properly stored prior to 1E ope n
of life to personnel and damaged
loading
equuipment
Resulting in a cook off which could 1. swab cannon tube with

cause a blowback potential injury/loss operational 2E water to keep tempature 2E ope n
of life to personnel and damaged down during intence firing
equuipment
failure to receive emergency voice 1. conduct periodic commo

commands operational 2E checks 2E ope n
1. conduct fire drills, ensure

Loss of personnel and equipment due operational 2E proper maintenance is 2E ope n
to fire concucted
Could result in round landing off target 1. ensure regular

resulting in loss of personnel and operational 1E 1E ope n
maintenance is conducted
equipment
1. Ensure equipment is fully

Will result in mission failure due to operational 1E mission capable prior to 1E ope n
digital communications mission
Date:
Ensure breech is properly

1. Injury to personnel 2. possible
operational 2E closed witness marks 2E ope n
Blowback when projectile is fired completely alligned.
1. Over filling with hydrolic fluid could Ensure fluid levels are correct
result in blown seals during firing operational 2E and there are no cracks 2E ope n
resulting in round falling short of the
around seals.
target.
1. Ensure aiming refrence is

emplaced IAW TM 9-2350-
can cause rounds to be fired in wrong operational 2E 311-10 2. Ensure 2E ope n
direction. secondary check are being
conducted.
Could result in unnecessary 1. Ensure inspection are done 2E

ammunition malfunctions, which could operational 2E ope n
IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
cause bodily injury
1. Ensure correct target data

is being placed on the
Will result in round impacting left or gunners site by the gunner
right of the target causing possible loss operational 1E use secondary safety checks 1E ope n
of life conducted by the section
chief (SC)
1. Ensure correct target data
is being placed on the
will result in round impacting long or
assistant gunners site by the 2E
short of the target causing possible loss operational 2E ope n
AG use secondary safety
of life to forward observers checks conducted by the
section chief
1. Proper safety checks

conducted by cannoneer #1
Will result in round exploding announced to the section
premature or late which could cause operational 2E 2E ope n
chief, section chief properly
injury or loss of life to personnel verifies settings proir to
loading
Could result in a blowback, posible 1. Ensure witness marks are

injury to personel or loss of life alligned and cheched by SC
Could result in permature funtioning of 1. Check proper functioning

primer causing blowback resulting in operational 1E of device during prefire 1E ope n
injury and loss of life checks
1. Ensure proper
1. Long term exposure to extreme maintenance is conducted to
temperatures can produce central
neverous system damage and possible operational 1E keep equipment in proper 1E ope n
working condiction IAW TM
death. 9-2350-311-10
Date:
1. ensure proper PPE is being

1. Personnel Health hazards depending used while operating
on exposure time and amount. equipment 2. 2E
2. failure of the device to ensure device is properly
illuminate stored in carring case and
case is secured
1. burn at least 500 meters

from equipment or personnel
1. can lead to damage to enviorment place increments
burns to personnel and equipment.
2. ensure fire fight
equipment is on hand
may cause irritation of the upper 1. Use PPE while using

respiratory tract and may be fatal if operational 2E 2E ope n
product
swallowed
1. use PPE while refueling

1. while refueling could cause injury to including the use of drip pan
eyes, skin, lungs and is an operational 2E 2. Any 2E ope n
enviornmental hazard spillage be reported to
1. use PPE while adding fluid
1. May cause swellingand redness to including the use of drip pan
the skin. Can cause intestinal problems operational 1E 2. Any 1E ope n
which could ultimately lead to death spillage be reported to
and presents an enviormental Hazard enviromental safety office
1. use PPE while handling

1. Can cause injury or death by burning
round
deep into tissue, being inhaled as a operational 2E 2. Any spillage be 2E ope n
smoke and ingested and can lead to reported to enviromental
death. safety office
1. Can lead to skin sensitization, such as 1. properly secure and

dermatitis, itch and erythema. It can operational unused charge until they can 2E
2E ope n
also affect mucous membrane, be turned in for proper
respiratory tract and possibly the liver. disposal

including the use of drip pan
1. Ground water pollution can happen operational 2E 2. Any 2E ope n
from spillage, seeping into the ground. spillage be reported to

1. Anti-freeze is poisnous to humans including the use of drip pan
and other animals. If ingested can lead operational 1E 2. Any 1E ope n
to severe diarrhea, vomiting, kidney spillage be reported to
falure and death. enviromental safety office

1. Engine oil contains a mixture of of including the use of drip pan
toxic compounds such as benzene. operational 1E 2. Any 1E ope n
Benzene is known to cause leukemia in spillage be reported to
humans. enviromental safety office
Date:
1. Muzzle plug is most

1. Severed injury or death of personnel. common, ensure tube is clear
2. round explodes in tube of obstructions before
loading
1. Check track for safety

1. Cause a rollover, placing occupants at operational 2E before driving IAW TM 9- 2E ope n
risk of injury or death. 2350-311-10
1. Ensure proper
1. Improper ventilation can cause maintenance is conducted to
suffocation, upper respirator issues, or operational 2E keep equipment in proper 2E ope n
death to occupants due to prolonged
exposure to toxic fumes. 9-2350-311-10
1. Ensure proper
1. Long term exposure to extreme maintenance is conducted to
temperatures can produce central
neverous system damage and possible operational 2E keep equipment in proper 2E ope n
death. 9-2350-311-10
1. Prolonged exposure can cause 1. Only use when needed for 1E

health issues such as headaches and operational 1E ope n
operating equipment
eye strain.

1. The telescopes alinement device is used while operating
radioactively illuminated. 2. If Valves equipment 2. 2E
are broken or defective can cause harm operational 2E ope n
ensure device is properly
or death from radiation exposure. stored in carring case and
case is secured
1. Improperly operating personal

1. Ensure proper
heater can lead to exhaust odors or maintenance is conducted to
exposure to carbon monoxide. Carbon operational 2E keep equipment in proper 2E ope n
monoxide exposure can cause
headaches, difficulty breathing or working condiction IAW TM
9-2350-311-10
death.
1. A blocked exhaust grille will prevent

air circulation within the hull can lead 1. ensure grille is free of
to CO poisoning. (CO poisoning caused operational 2E obstructions before and 2E ope n
headaches, dizziness, paranoid state or during operations
death)

1. High voltage can cause heart operational 1E used while operating 1E ope n
fibrillation, electrocution or death. equipment

1. High voltage can cause heart operational 1E used while operating 1E ope n
fibrillation, electrocution or death. equipment
TLM SCF
Type Yes/No
TLM SCF
Type Yes/No
TLM SCF
Type Yes/No
TLM SCF
Type Yes/No
TLM SCF
Type Yes/No
SSHA Analysis
Date:
Number Hazard Causes Effects Mode IMRI

Howitzer Variable Recoil 1. Injury to
veiable Recoil system striking personnel/posible loss
personnel of life
2. Damage to recoil
system
SSHA-1 Operational
Cab Rounds falling 1. Injury to

Amminition out of racks personnel/posible loss
safety racks of life
2. Damage to projectile
SSHA-2 Operational
Howitzer M82 primer 1. Howitzer fails to fire

Ammunition failure to resulting in at least a
function five minute delay in the
mission or possible
mission failure
SSHA-3 Operational
Howitzer M4 Series 1Howitzer fails to fire

Ammunition Propelling resulting in 5mi delay 2.
Charges failure Round falls long or
to function short of target 3.
possible injury/loss of
life to personnel
SSHA-4 Operational
Howitzer The engine 1. can cause illness,

Engine produces permanent neurological
carbon damage, loss of life
monoxcide
SSHA-5 Operational
Howitzer Fuel fuel leaks into could cause fire
the hul of resulting in loss of
howitzer equipment, injury to
personnel or loss of life
SSHA-6 Operational
Howitzer radio Loss failure to receive

comunnication communicatio emergency voice
system n during fire commands
mission
SSHA-7 Operational
Howitzer led acid Gases can explode,

Battery battery gases causing injury, loss of
can explode life and damage or loss
of equipment
SSHA-8 Operational
Howitzer Improper will result in low level

computer installation shock to personnel
SSHA-9 Operational
Howitzer computer Could result in round

computer displays ghost fired inadvertently
data
SSHA-10 Operational
SSHA Analysis
Element Subsystem-Feed Analyst: Date:

Howitzer GDU fails to
gunner display display correct Crew will not receive
SSHA-11 data to conduct mission Operational 2E
unit(GDU) data
Round could detonate

Howitzer Premature or as close as 300 meters
Ammunition- late funtioning
SSHA-12 from tube potential Operational 2E
Fuze verable of fuze up to 1
enjury to personnel and
time (VT) sec equipment
Howitzer Premature or Potential injury to

Ammunition- late funtioning
SSHA-13 Fuze of fuze up to . personel and Operational 2E
Mechinical equipment
10 sec
time (MT)

Ammunition- late
SSHA-14 FuzePoint functioning of personel and Operational 2E
detonating equipment
fuze
(PD)
Resulting in a cook off

Howitzer which could cause a
Ammunition- Fails to ignite blowback potential
SSHA-15 Operational 1E
Propellant properly injury/loss of life to
charge personnel and damaged
equuipment
Resulting in a cook off

Howitzer ignites which could cause a
Ammunition- prematurly blowback potential
Propellant due to cannon injury/loss of life to
charge tube temp. personnel and damaged
equuipment
SSHA-17 comunnication communicatio emergency voice Operational 2E
n during fire
system commands
mission
ineffective
while the
engine is
Howitzer fire running and Loss of personnel and
extinguisher doesn’t work equipment due to fire
above 1100
rpm
computer Could result in round

dispays landing off target
Howitzer
SSHA-19 incorrect data resulting in loss of Operational 1E
computer or unreadable personnel and
data equipment
computer Will result in mission

Howitzer
SSHA-20 display is failure due to digital Operational 1E
computer unreadable communications
SSHA Analysis

Howitzer Opening and 1. Injury to personnel
Preperation
SSHA-21 closing of 2. possible Blowback Operational 2E
for firing- breech when projectile is fired
breech
1. Over filling with

Howitzer checking hydrolic fluid could
preperation recuperator result in blown seals
SSHA-22 during firing resulting in Operational 2E
for firing- proper fluid
recuperator levels round falling short of
the target.
Improper
Emplacement
Howitzer of the
preperation can cause rounds to be Operational
SSHA-23 collamator, 2E
for firing- fired in wrong direction.
the primary
Collamator aiming
refrence..
Could result in
unnecessary
failure to
Howitzer ammunition
SSHA-24 inspect Operational 2E
Ammunition malfunctions, which
ammunition
could cause bodily
injury
Will result in round

Howitzer Improper lay impacting left or right
firing-direction for direction of the target causing
possible loss of life
will result in round

Howitzer impacting long or short
Improper lay
SSHA-26 firing- of the target causing Operational 2E
for elevation
elevation possible loss of life to
forward observers

exploding premature or
Howitzer Wrong fuze
SSHA-27 late which could cause Operational 2E
firing-fuze settings injury or loss of life to
personnel
failure to Could result in a
Howitzer ensure breech blowback, posible injury Operational
SSHA-28 2E
firing-breech is properly to personel or loss of
closed life
Could result in
Improper
Howitzer permature funtioning of
functioning or
SSHA-29 firing-firing primer causing Operational 1E
forcing to
Mechinsm blowback resulting in
close injury and loss of life
1. Long term exposure

to extreme
Howitzer Hull- Self-indicating temperatures can
SSHA-30 Thermometer Thermometer produce central Operational 1E
fails neverous system
damage and possible
death.
SSHA Analysis
Personnel
Exposed to 1. Personnel Health
trithium gas hazards depending on
Howitzer fire while using exposure time and
SSHA-31 control the M140 Operational 2E
amount.
alignment Alignment 2. failure of the
device caused device to illuminate
by broken
valves.
Propellant
Howitzer charge 1. can lead to damage
ammunition- disposal to enviorment burns to Operational
SSHA-32 unused 2E
requires personnel and
propellant burning of equipment.
charges charges
Howitzer
lubricant- may cause irritation of
Cleaner continus use the upper respiratory Operational
SSHA-33 2E
lubricant of CLP tract and may be fatal if
preservetant swallowed
(CLP)
1. while refueling could

Howitzer Diesel Fuel cause injury to eyes,
SSHA-34 movement- Operational 2E
spill skin, lungs and is an
Fuel enviornmental hazard
1. May cause
swellingand redness to
the skin. Can cause
Howitzer Hydraulic fluid intestinal problems
SSHA-35 which could ultimately Operational 1E
Hydraulics spill
lead to death and
presents an
enviormental Hazard
1. Can cause injury or

Howitzer White death by burning deep
ammunition- phosphorus into tissue, being
SSHA-36 white inhaled as a smoke and Operational 2E
exposure to
phosphorus personnel ingested and can lead
round to death.
1. Can lead to skin

contains sensitization, such as
Tetrytol
Howitzer dermatitis, itch and
(secondary
ammunition- high explosive) erythema. It can also Operational
SSHA-37 2E
subblamentar Exposure affect mucous
y charge membrane, respiratory
exposure to tract and possibly the
personnel liver.
1. Ground water
Engine
Howitzer pollution can happen
SSHA-38 transmission poor maintanance 2E
engine from spillage, seeping
oil spillage into the ground.
1. Anti-freeze is
poisnous to humans
Radiator and other animals. If
Howitzer coolant (Anti-
SSHA-39 ingested can lead to Operational 1E
radiator freeze) severe diarrhea,
spillage vomiting, kidney falure
and death.
1. Engine oil contains a

mixture of of toxic
Engine oil
Howitzer compounds such as
SSHA-40 spillage Operational 1E
engine benzene. Benzene is
(pollution) known to cause
leukemia in humans.
SSHA Analysis

Date:
visible 1. Severed injury or

Howitzer damage or death of personnel.
canon foreign matter 2. round explodes in
in tube. tube
Lost or 1. Cause a rollover,

SSHA-42 Howitzer Track defective placing occupants at Operational 2E
track(s) risk of injury or death.
1. Improper ventilation
can cause suffocation,
Howitzer Hull- Ventilation air upper respirator issues,
SSHA-43 intake grille or death to occupants Operational 2E
Ventilation fails due to prolonged
exposure to toxic
fumes.
1. Long term exposure

to extreme
Howitzer Hull- Self-indicating temperatures can
SSHA-44 Thermometer Thermometer produce central Operational 2E
damage and possible
death.
Incandescent
lighting (dome 1. Prolonged exposure
Howitzer Hull- and can cause health issues Operational
SSHA-45 instrument 1E
Lighting such as headaches and
panel) emit eye strain.
ultraviolet
radiation.
1. The telescopes
alinement device is
radioactively
Sighting
Howitzer instruments - illuminated. 2. If Valves
SSHA-46 are broken or defective Operational 2E
Firing- Site telescopes can cause harm or
death from radiation
exposure.
1. Improperly
operating personal
heater can lead to
Improperly exhaust odors or
Howitzer operating exposure to carbon
SSHA-47 personal Operational 2E
personal monoxide. Carbon
heater heater monoxide exposure can
cause headaches,
difficulty breathing or
death.
1. A blocked exhaust
grille will prevent air
circulation within the
Blocked
exhaust grille hull can lead to CO
Howitzer
SSHA-48 exhaust grille can lead to CO poisoning. (CO Operational 2E
poisoning caused
poisoning. headaches, dizziness,
paranoid state or
death)
1. High voltage can

Howitzer Exposure to
SSHA-49 cause heart fibrillation, Operational 1E
generator high voltage. electrocution or death.
1. High voltage can

SSHA-50 cause heart fibrillation, Operational 1E
rectifer high voltage. electrocution or death.
TLM SCF
Recommended Actions FMRI Comments Status Type Yes/No

1. Ensure personnel are clear of
recoil before firing
2. Ensure proper fluid levels in
recuperator, no obstruction are in
recoil area.
ope n
1. Ensure projectiles are properly

secured with lock pins
ope n
1. Ensure primer is stored in dry

place and do not remove from
plastic package until ready for use
ope n
1. Must be stored in cool dry

place, inspect before use 2.
ensure correct charge is loeded
using secondary checks
ope n
1. Stand at a safe distance from

vehicle when starting do not
operate in confined space for
example a dough in position.
ope n
1. Ensure to check fuel line and
pump for leaks
ope n
1. conduct periodic commo

checks
ope n
Do not have open flames around

the battery or make sparks
ope n
1. Ensure proper connection 2.

use proper PPE while handling
antena
ope n
1. Improved communications
between Howitzer crew and fire
direction center
ope n
TLM SCF

1. Conduct dry missions prior to 2E ope n
live fire.
1. ensure correct time is set, 2E ope n

1. Ensure correct time is set,

2E ope n
1. Ensure correct time is set, 2E ope n

1. ensure Propellant charges are 1E ope n

properly stored prior to loading
1. swab cannon tube with water

to keep tempature down during 2E ope n
intence firing
1. conduct periodic commo 2E ope n
checks
1. conduct fire drills, ensure

proper maintenance is concucted 2E ope n
1. ensure regular maintenance is 1E ope n

conducted
1. Ensure equipment is fully 1E ope n

mission capable prior to mission
TLM SCF

Ensure breech is properly closed
witness marks completely 2E ope n
alligned.
Ensure fluid levels are correct and 2E ope n

there are no cracks around seals.
1. Ensure aiming refrence is

emplaced IAW TM 9-2350-311-10 2E ope n
2. Ensure secondary
check are being conducted.
1. Ensure inspection are done IAW 2E ope n

TM 9-2350-311-10
1. Ensure correct target data is

being placed on the gunners site
by the gunner use secondary 1E ope n
safety checks conducted by the
section chief (SC)
1. Ensure correct target data is

being placed on the assistant
gunners site by the AG use 2E ope n
secondary safety checks
conducted by the section chief
1. Proper safety checks conducted

by cannoneer #1 announced to
the section chief, section chief 2E ope n
properly verifies settings proir to
loading
1. Ensure witness marks are 2E ope n
alligned and cheched by SC
1. Check proper functioning of 1E ope n

device during prefire checks
1. Ensure proper maintenance is

conducted to keep equipment in
1E ope n
proper working condiction IAW
TM 9-2350-311-10
TLM SCF
1. ensure proper PPE is being used

while operating equipment
2. ensure device is 2E ope n
properly stored in carring case and
case is secured
1. burn at least 500 meters from

equipment or personnel place
increments 2E ope n
2.
ensure fire fight equipment is on
hand
1. Use PPE while using product 2E ope n
1. use PPE while refueling

2. Any spillage 2E ope n
be reported to enviromental
safety office

safety office
1. use PPE while handling round

2. 2E ope n
Any spillage be reported to
1. properly secure and unused

charge until they can be turned in 2E ope n
for proper disposal
safety office

safety office

safety office
TLM SCF
1. Muzzle plug is most common,

ensure tube is clear of 2E ope n
obstructions before loading
1. Check track for safety before 2E ope n

driving IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
conducted to keep equipment in 2E ope n
TM 9-2350-311-10

TM 9-2350-311-10
1. Only use when needed for 1E ope n

operating equipment
1. ensure proper PPE is being used

2. ensure device is 2E ope n
properly stored in carring case and
case is secured

TM 9-2350-311-10
1. ensure grille is free of
obstructions before and during 2E ope n
operations
1. ensure proper PPE is being used 1E ope n

1. ensure proper PPE is being used 1E ope n

SHA Analysis
Number TLM/SCF Hazard Causes Effects Mode IMRI

veiable Recoil system striking personnel/posible
personnel loss of life
2. Damage
to recoil system
SHA-1 Howitzer system malfuction Operational
Cab Amminition Rounds falling 1. Injury to

safety racks out of racks personnel/posible
loss of life
SHA-2 Round firing mishap 2. Damage Operational
to projectile
Howitzer M82 primer 1. Howitzer fails to

Ammunition failure to fire resulting in at
function least a five minute
delay in the mission
SHA-3 Round firing mishap or possible mission Operational
failure
Howitzer M4 Series 1Howitzer fails to

Ammunition Propelling fire resulting in 5mi
Charges failure delay 2. Round falls
to function long or short of
target 3.
SHA-4 Round firing mishap possible injury/loss Operational
of life to personnel
Howitzer The engine 1. can cause illness,

Engine produces permanent
carbon neurological
monoxcide damage, loss of life
SHA-5 Poor engine combustion Operational
Howitzer Fuel fuel leaks into could cause fire

the hul of resulting in loss of
howitzer equipment, injury
to personnel or loss
SHA-6 Round firing mishap of life Operational

comunnication communicatio emergency voice
SHA-7 Communation function system n during fire commands Operational
mission
Howitzer led acid Gases can explode,

Battery battery gases causing injury, loss
can explode of life and damage
or loss of
SHA-8 Power function equipment Operational
Howitzer Improper will result in low
computer installation level shock to
SHA-9 Programming function personnel Operational
Howitzer computer Could result in

computer displays ghost round fired
data inadvertently
SHA-10 Programming function Operational
SHA Analysis
Howitzer GDU fails to Crew will not

SHA-11 Display Function gunner display display correct receive data to Operational 2E
unit(GDU) data conduct mission
Round could
Howitzer Premature or detonate as close as
Ammunition- late funtioning 300 meters from
SHA-12 Firing Function Operational 2E
Fuze verable of fuze up to 1 tube potential
time (VT) sec enjury to personnel
and equipment

Ammunition- late funtioning personel and
SHA-13 Firing Function Operational 2E
Fuze Mechinical of fuze up to . equipment
time (MT) 10 sec

Ammunition- late
SHA-14 Firing Function functioning of personel and Operational 2E
FuzePoint equipment
detonating (PD) fuze
Resulting in a cook
off which could
Howitzer
Fails to ignite cause a blowback
Ammunition-
SHA-15 Firing Function potential injury/loss Operational 1E
Propellant properly
charge of life to personnel
and damaged
equuipment
Resulting in a cook
off which could
Howitzer ignites cause a blowback
Ammunition- prematurly
SHA-16 Firing Function potential injury/loss Operational 2E
Propellant due to cannon of life to personnel
charge tube temp. and damaged
equuipment
Loss
Howitzer radio communicatio failure to receive
SHA-17 Comunication function comunnication n during fire emergency voice Operational 2E
system commands
mission
ineffective
while the
engine is Loss of personnel
Howitzer fire
SHA-18 Firing Function running and and equipment due Operational 2E
extinguisher doesn’t work to fire
above 1100
rpm
computer Could result in

dispays round landing off
Howitzer
SHA-19 Programming function incorrect data target resulting in Operational 1E
computer or unreadable loss of personnel
data and equipment
Will result in
computer
Howitzer mission failure due Operational
SHA-20 Programming function display is 1E
computer to digital
unreadable communications
SHA Analysis
1. Injury to
Howitzer Opening and personnel 2.
SHA-21 Programming function Preperation for closing of possible Blowback Operational 2E
firing-breech breech when projectile is
fired
1. Over filling with

hydrolic fluid could
Howitzer checking result in blown seals
preperation for recuperator
SHA-22 Programming function during firing Operational 2E
firing- proper fluid
resulting in round
recuperator levels falling short of the
target.
Improper
Emplacement
Howitzer of the can cause rounds to
preperation for
SHA-23 Programming function collamator, be fired in wrong Operational 2E
firing- the primary direction.
Collamator aiming
refrence..
Could result in
unnecessary
failure to
Howitzer ammunition
SHA-24 Programming function inspect malfunctions, which Operational 2E
Ammunition ammunition
could cause bodily
injury
impacting left or
Howitzer firing- Improper lay
SHA-25 Programming function right of the target Operational 1E
direction for direction causing possible
loss of life
will result in round

impacting long or
Howitzer firing- Improper lay short of the target Operational
SHA-26 Programming function 2E
elevation for elevation causing possible
loss of life to
forward observers

exploding
Howitzer firing- Wrong fuze premature or late Operational
fuze settings which could cause
injury or loss of life
to personnel
failure to Could result in a

Howitzer firing- ensure breech blowback, posible Operational
breech is properly injury to personel or
closed loss of life
Could result in
Improper permature
Howitzer firing- functioning or funtioning of primer Operational
firing Mechinsm forcing to causing blowback
close resulting in injury
and loss of life
1. Long term
exposure to
Self-indicating extreme
Howitzer Hull- Thermometer temperatures can
SHA-30 Programming function Operational 1E
Thermometer produce central
damage and
possible death.
SHA Analysis

Personnel
Exposed to 1. Personnel Health
trithium gas hazards depending
Howitzer fire while using on exposure time
SHA-31 Programming function control the M140 and amount. Operational 2E
alignment Alignment 2.
device caused failure of the device
by broken to illuminate
valves.
Propellant
Howitzer 1. can lead to
charge
ammunition- damage to
disposal
SHA-32 Programming function unused enviorment burns Operational 2E
requires
propellant to personnel and
burning of
charges equipment.
charges
Howitzer
lubricant- may cause irritation
of the upper
Cleaner continus use
SHA-33 Programming function respiratory tract and Operational 2E
lubricant of CLP may be fatal if
preservetant
swallowed
(CLP)
1. while refueling
could cause injury
Howitzer Diesel Fuel to eyes, skin, lungs Operational
SHA-34 Programming function movement- 2E
spill and is an
Fuel enviornmental
hazard
1. May cause
swellingand redness
to the skin. Can
cause intestinal
Howitzer Hydraulic fluid problems which
SHA-35 Programming function Operational 1E
Hydraulics spill could ultimately
lead to death and
presents an
enviormental
Hazard
1. Can cause injury

Howitzer or death by burning
White
ammunition- deep into tissue,
phosphorus
SHA-36 Programming function white being inhaled as a Operational 2E
exposure to
phosphorus smoke and ingested
personnel
round and can lead to
death.
1. Can lead to skin
contains sensitization, such
Tetrytol
Howitzer as dermatitis, itch
(secondary
ammunition- and erythema. It
SHA-37 Programming function high explosive) Operational 2E
subblamentary Exposure can also affect
charge mucous membrane,
exposure to respiratory tract and
personnel
possibly the liver.
1. Ground water
Engine pollution can
Howitzer
SHA-38 Power function transmission happen from Operational 2E
engine oil spillage spillage, seeping
into the ground.
1. Anti-freeze is
poisnous to humans
Radiator and other animals.
Howitzer coolant (Anti-
SHA-39 Power function If ingested can lead Operational 1E
radiator freeze) to severe diarrhea,
spillage vomiting, kidney
falure and death.
1. Engine oil
contains a mixture
of of toxic
Engine oil
Howitzer compounds such as Lack of
SHA-40 spillage 1E
engine benzene. Benzene monitoring
(pollution) is known to cause
leukemia in
humans.
SHA Analysis
visible 1. Severed injury or

Howitzer canon damage or death of personnel. Operational
SHA-41 Power function 2E
foreign matter 2. round
in tube. explodes in tube
1. Cause a rollover,
Lost or placing occupants at Operational
SHA-42 Power function Howitzer Track defective 2E
risk of injury or
track(s) death.
1. Improper
ventilation can
Ventilation air cause suffocation,
Howitzer Hull- upper respirator
SHA-43 Power function intake grille issues, or death to Operational 2E
Ventilation fails
occupants due to
prolonged exposure
to toxic fumes.
1. Long term
exposure to
extreme
Self-indicating temperatures can
Howitzer Hull-
SHA-44 Power function Thermometer produce central Operational 2E
Thermometer fails neverous system
damage and
possible death.
Incandescent
lighting (dome 1. Prolonged
and exposure can cause
Howitzer Hull-
SHA-45 Power function instrument health issues such Operational 1E
Lighting panel) emit as headaches and
ultraviolet eye strain.
radiation.
1. The telescopes
alinement device is
radioactively
Sighting
Howitzer Firing- illuminated. 2. If
SHA-46 Power function instruments - Valves are broken or Operational 2E
Site telescopes defective can cause
harm or death from
radiation exposure.
1. Improperly
operating personal
heater can lead to
exhaust odors or
Improperly exposure to carbon
Howitzer operating
SHA-47 Power function monoxide. Carbon Operational 2E
personal heater personal monoxide exposure
heater can cause
headaches,
difficulty breathing
or death.
1. A blocked
exhaust grille will
prevent air
Blocked circulation within
Howitzer exhaust grille the hull can lead to Operational
SHA-48 Power function 2E
exhaust grille can lead to CO CO poisoning. (CO
poisoning. poisoning caused
headaches,
dizziness, paranoid
state or death)
1. High voltage can

cause heart
SHA-49 Power function fibrillation, Operational 1E
generator high voltage. electrocution or
death.
1. High voltage can

cause heart
SHA-50 Power function fibrillation, Operational 1E
rectifer high voltage. electrocution or
death.
TLM SCF

1. Ensure personnel are
clear of recoil before
firing
2. Ensure proper fluid
levels in recuperator,
no obstruction are in ope n
recoil area.
1. Ensure projectiles
are properly secured
with lock pins
ope n
1. Ensure primer is
stored in dry place and
do not remove from
plastic package until
ready for use ope n
1. Must be stored in
cool dry place, inspect
before use 2. ensure
correct charge is
loeded using secondary
checks ope n
1. Stand at a safe
distance from vehicle
when starting do not
operate in confined
space for example a
dough in position. ope n
1. Ensure to check fuel

line and pump for leaks
ope n
1. conduct periodic
commo checks
ope n
ope n
Do not have open
flames around the
battery or make sparks
1. Ensure proper
connection 2. use
proper PPE while ope n
handling antena
1. Improved
communications
between Howitzer
crew and fire direction ope n
center
TLM SCF
1. Conduct dry
missions prior to live 2E ope n
fire.
1. ensure correct time

is set, setting verified 2E ope n
by SC
1. Ensure correct time

by SC
1. Ensure correct time

by SC
1. ensure Propellant
charges are properly 1E ope n
stored prior to loading
1. swab cannon tube

with water to keep
2E ope n
tempature down
during intence firing
1. conduct periodic 2E ope n
commo checks
1. conduct fire drills,

ensure proper 2E ope n
maintenance is
concucted
1. ensure regular
maintenance is 1E ope n
conducted
1. Ensure equipment is
fully mission capable 1E ope n
prior to mission
TLM SCF
Ensure breech is
properly closed witness 2E ope n
marks completely
alligned.
Ensure fluid levels are

correct and there are 2E ope n
no cracks around seals.
1. Ensure aiming
refrence is emplaced
IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
2E ope n
2. Ensure
secondary check are
being conducted.
1. Ensure inspection
are done IAW TM 9- 2E ope n
2350-311-10
1. Ensure correct target
data is being placed on
the gunners site by the
gunner use secondary 1E ope n
safety checks
conducted by the
section chief (SC)
1. Ensure correct target

data is being placed on
the assistant gunners
site by the AG use 2E ope n
secondary safety
checks conducted by
the section chief
1. Proper safety checks

conducted by
cannoneer #1
announced to the 2E ope n
section chief, section
chief properly verifies
1. Ensure witness
marks are alligned and 2E ope n
cheched by SC
1. Check proper
functioning of device 1E ope n
during prefire checks
1. Ensure proper
maintenance is
conducted to keep
equipment in proper 1E ope n
working condiction
IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
TLM SCF

1. ensure proper PPE is
being used while
operating equipment
2. ensure 2E ope n
device is properly
stored in carring case
and case is secured
1. burn at least 500

meters from
equipment or
personnel place
increments 2E ope n
2.
ensure fire fight
equipment is on hand
1. Use PPE while using 2E ope n

product
1. use PPE while

refueling including the
use of drip pan
2. Any 2E ope n
spillage be reported to
enviromental safety
office
1. use PPE while adding

fluid including the use
of drip pan
2. Any 1E ope n
enviromental safety
office
1. use PPE while

handling round
2. Any spillage be 2E ope n

reported to
enviromental safety
office
1. properly secure and
unused charge until
they can be turned in 2E ope n
for proper disposal

of drip pan
2. Any 2E ope n
enviromental safety
office

of drip pan
2. Any 1E ope n
enviromental safety
office

of drip pan
2. Any 1E ope n
enviromental safety
office
TLM SCF
1. Muzzle plug is most

common, ensure tube 2E ope n
is clear of obstructions
before loading
1. Check track for

safety before driving 2E ope n
IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
1. Ensure proper
maintenance is
conducted to keep
working condiction
IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
1. Ensure proper
maintenance is
conducted to keep
working condiction
IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
1. Only use when

needed for operating 1E ope n
equipment

being used while
operating equipment
2. ensure 2E ope n
device is properly
stored in carring case
and case is secured
1. Ensure proper
maintenance is
conducted to keep
working condiction
IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
1. ensure grille is free
of obstructions before 2E ope n
and during operations

being used while 1E ope n
operating equipment

being used while 1E ope n
operating equipment
O&SHA Analysis
Date:
Task
Recommende
Number Hazard Causes Effects Mode IMRI d Actions
Position the recoil for firin Howitzer Variable 1. Injury to 1. Ensure
veiable Recoil Recoil system personnel/po personnel are
striking sible loss of clear of recoil
personnel life before firing
2.
Damage to 2. Ensure
recoil system proper fluid
levels in
O&SHA-1 Operational recuperator,
no
obstruction
are in recoil
area.
secure projectiles with lock Cab Rounds 1. Injury to 1. Ensure

Amminition falling out of personnel/po projectiles
safety racks racks sible loss of are properly
life secured with
O&SHA-2 2. Operational lock pins
Damage to
projectile
Storing the primer Howitzer M82 primer 1. Howitzer 1. Ensure

Ammunition failure to fails to fire primer is
function resulting in at stored in dry
least a five place and do
minute delay not remove
in the mission from plastic
O&SHA-3 or possible Operational package until
mission ready for use
failure
Storing and using the amm Howitzer M4 Series 1Howitzer 1. Must be

Ammunition Propelling fails to fire stored in cool
Charges resulting in dry place,
failure to 5mi delay 2. inspect
function Round falls before use 2.
long or short ensure
of target correct
3. possible charge is
O&SHA-4 injury/loss of Operational loeded using
life to secondary
personnel checks
Operting the engine Howitzer The engine 1. can cause 1. Stand at a
Engine produces illness, safe distance
carbon permanent from vehicle
monoxcide neurological when starting
damage, loss do not
of life operate in
confined
space for
O&SHA-5 Operational example a
dough in
position.
Howitzer Fuel fuel leaks into could cause 1. Ensure to

the hul of fire resulting check fuel
howitzer in loss of line and
equipment, pump for
injury to leaks
personnel or
O&SHA-6 loss of life Operational
communicating using the r Howitzer Loss failure to 1. conduct

radio communicati receive periodic
comunnicatio on during fire emergency commo
O&SHA-7 n system mission voice Operational checks
commands
Powering the Howitzer Howitzer led acid Gases can

Battery battery gases explode,
can explode causing
injury, loss of
life and
O&SHA-8 damage or Operational
loss of Do not have
equipment open flames
around the
battery or
make sparks
Operating the Howitzer c Howitzer Improper will result in 1. Ensure
computer installation low level proper
shock to connection 2.
personnel use proper
PPE while
O&SHA-9 Operational handling
antena
Operating the Howitzer com Howitzer computer Could result 1. Improved

computer displays ghost in round fired communicati
data inadvertently ons between
Howitzer
crew and fire
direction
O&SHA-10 Operational center
O&SHA Analysis
System Element Type: M109 Howitzers Fire Control System: Hazardous
Functions
Recommende
Use the computer to execu
Howitzer Crew will not 1. Conduct
GDU fails to
gunner receive data Operational dry missions
O&SHA-11 display 2E
display to conduct prior to live
correct data
unit(GDU) mission fire.
Fire the ammunition
Round could
detonate as
close as 300
Premature or
Howitzer meters from 1. ensure
late
Ammunition- funtioning of tube correct time
O&SHA-12 Operational 2E
Fuze verable fuze up to 1 potential is set, setting
time (VT) enjury to verified by SC
sec personnel
and
equipment
Fire the ammunition

Howitzer Premature or Potential 1. Ensure
Ammunition- late injury to correct time
O&SHA-13 Fuze funtioning of personel and Operational 2E is set, setting
Mechinical fuze up to .10 equipment verified by SC
time (MT) sec
Howitzer Premature or Potential 1. Ensure

Ammunition- late injury to correct time
O&SHA-14 FuzePoint personel and Operational 2E
functioning is set, setting
detonating of fuze equipment verified by SC
(PD)
Fire the ammunition
Resulting in a
cook off
which could 1. ensure
cause a
Howitzer Propellant
Ammunition- Fails to ignite blowback charges are
O&SHA-15 potential Operational 1E
Propellant properly properly
injury/loss of
charge stored prior
life to to loading
personnel
and damaged
equuipment
Resulting in a
cook off
which could 1. swab
ignites cause a cannon tube
Howitzer
Ammunition- prematurly blowback with water to
O&SHA-16 due to potential Operational 2E keep
Propellant cannon tube injury/loss of tempature
charge temp. life to down during
personnel intence firing
and damaged
equuipment
Power and communicate ov
failure to
Howitzer Loss 1. conduct
receive
radio communicati periodic
O&SHA-17 emergency Operational 2E
comunnicatio on during fire commo
voice
n system mission commands checks
conduct fire drills, ensur

ineffective
1. conduct
while the Loss of fire drills,
Howitzer fire engine is personnel ensure
O&SHA-18 extinguisher running and and Operational 2E proper
doesn’t work equipment maintenance
above 1100 due to fire
is concucted
rpm
Turning on and operating

Could result
in round
computer
dispays landing off 1. ensure
Howitzer incorrect data target regular
O&SHA-19 resulting in Operational 1E
computer or maintenance
unreadable loss of is conducted
personnel
data
and
equipment
Use the computer to execu

Will result in 1. Ensure
mission
computer equipment is
Howitzer failure due to Operational
O&SHA-20 display is 1E fully mission
computer digital
unreadable capable prior
communicati to mission
ons
O&SHA Analysis
Operation
Recommende
Closing the breech with
witness marks completely Ensure
alligned. 1. Injury to breech is
personnel 2.
Howitzer properly
Opening and possible
Preperation closed
O&SHA-21 closing of Blowback Operational 2E
for firing- witness
breech when
breech marks
projectile is completely
fired alligned.
Maintain the fluid levels
1. Over filling
with hydrolic
fluid could Ensure fluid
Howitzer checking result in levels are
preperation recuperator blown seals Operational correct and
O&SHA-22 2E
for firing- proper fluid during firing there are no
recuperator levels resulting in cracks around
round falling seals.
short of the
target.
Establishing the aiming re
1. Ensure
aiming
refrence is
Improper emplaced
Emplacement
Howitzer can cause IAW TM 9-
of the
preperation rounds to be Operational 2350-311-10
O&SHA-23 collamator, 2E
for firing- fired in wrong 2.
the primary
Collamator direction. Ensure
aiming secondary
refrence..
check are
being
conducted.
Could result
in 1. Ensure
unnecessary
failure to inspection
Howitzer ammunition
O&SHA-24 Ammunition inspect malfunctions, Operational 2E are done IAW
ammunition which could TM 9-2350-
311-10
cause bodily
injury
Establishing the correct tar
1. Ensure
correct target
Will result in data is being
round placed on the
impacting left gunners site
Howitzer Improper lay or right of the Operational by the
O&SHA-25 firing- 1E
for direction target gunner use
direction causing secondary
possible loss safety checks
of life conducted by
the section
chief (SC)
Establishing the correct tar
1. Ensure
will result in correct target
round data is being
impacting placed on the
long or short assistant
Howitzer
Improper lay of the target Operational gunners site
O&SHA-26 firing- 2E
for elevation causing by the AG use
elevation possible loss secondary
of life to safety checks
forward conducted by
observers the section
chief
Operating the annon
1. Proper
Will result in safety checks
round conducted by
exploding cannoneer #1
premature or announced to
Howitzer Wrong fuze
O&SHA-27 late which Operational 2E the section
firing-fuze settings
could cause chief, section
injury or loss chief properly
of life to verifies
personnel settings proir
to loading
Operate the Howitzer firin

Could result 1. Ensure
failure to in a witness
ensure
Howitzer blowback, marks are
O&SHA-28 breech is Operational 2E
firing-breech properly posible injury alligned and
to personel cheched by
closed or loss of life SC
Ensure the Howitzer firing-
Could result
in permature 1. Check
funtioning of
Improper proper
Howitzer primer
O&SHA-29 firing-firing functioning causing Operational 1E functioning
or forcing to blowback of device
Mechinsm close during prefire
resulting in checks
injury and
loss of life
maintain the tempeature o
1. Long term 1. Ensure

exposure to proper
extreme maintenance
temperatures is conducted
Howitzer Self- can produce Lck of to keep
Hull- indicating
O&SHA-30 central 1E equipment in
Thermomete Thermomete neverous monitoring proper
r r fails system working
damage and condiction
possible IAW TM 9-
death. 2350-311-10
O&SHA Analysis
Material
Recommende
Align the PPE
1. ensure
proper PPE is
1. Personnel
Personnel being used
Health
Exposed to while
trithium gas hazards operating
depending on
Howitzer fire while using equipment
exposure
the M140
O&SHA-31 control time and Operational 2E
Alignment 2. ensure
alignment amount.
device device is
caused by properly
2. failure of
broken stored in
the device to
valves. carring case
illuminate and case is
secured
burn at 500 meters from eq

1. burn at
least 500
meters from
equipment or
1. can lead to personnel
Propellant
Howitzer damage to place
charge
ammunition- enviorment increments
disposal
O&SHA-32 unused burns to Operational 2E
requires
propellant personnel
burning of
charges and
charges equipment. 2.
ensure fire
fight
equipment is
on hand
Chemical substance
may cause
Howitzer irritation of
lubricant-
the upper 1. Use PPE
O&SHA-33 respiratory Operational 2E while using
lubricant of CLP tract and may product
preservetant be fatal if
(CLP) swallowed
Use PPE while refueling inc
1. use PPE
while
1. while refueling
refueling including the
could cause use of drip
Howitzer injury to
Diesel Fuel pan
O&SHA-34 movement- eyes, skin, Operational 2E
spill
Fuel lungs and is 2. Any
an spillage be
enviornment reported to
al hazard
enviromental
safety office
Chemical substance
1. May cause
swellingand 1. use PPE
redness to while adding
the skin. Can fluid
cause including the
intestinal use of drip
Howitzer Hydraulic problems pan
O&SHA-35 which could Operational 1E
Hydraulics fluid spill
ultimately 2. Any
lead to death spillage be
and presents reported to
an enviromental
enviormental safety office
Hazard
Fire the ammunition
1. use PPE
1. Can cause while
injury or handling
death by
Howitzer round
White burning deep
ammunition- phosphorus into tissue,
O&SHA-36 white being inhaled Operational 2E
exposure to
phosphorus 2. Any
personnel as a smoke
round spillage be
and ingested reported to
and can lead
to death. enviromental
safety office
use the subblamentary cha
1. Can lead to
skin
sensitization,
such as
contains 1. properly
dermatitis,
Tetrytol secure and
itch and
Howitzer (secondary unused
erythema. It
ammunition- high charge until
O&SHA-37 can also Operational 2E
subblamentar explosive) they can be
affect
y charge Exposure turned in for
mucous
exposure to proper
membrane,
personnel disposal
respiratory
tract and
possibly the
liver.
Managing the Howitzer en
1. use PPE
while adding
fluid
1. Ground
including the
water use of drip
Howitzer pan
O&SHA-38 transmission happen from Operational 2E
engine oil spillage spillage,
2. Any
seeping into spillage be
the ground. reported to
enviromental
safety office
adding fluid including the
1. Anti- 1. use PPE

freeze is while adding
poisnous to
fluid
humans and including the
other
Radiator use of drip
coolant (Anti- animals. If
Howitzer pan
O&SHA-39 ingested can Operational 1E
radiator freeze) lead to
spillage 2. Any
severe spillage be
diarrhea, reported to
vomiting, enviromental
kidney falure
safety office
and death.
Operate the firing system
1. Engine oil 1. use PPE

contains a while adding
mixture of of fluid
toxic including the
Engine oil compounds use of drip
Howitzer such as pan
O&SHA-40 spillage Operational 1E
engine benzene.
(pollution) Benzene is 2. Any
known to spillage be
cause reported to
leukemia in enviromental
humans. safety office
O&SHA Analysis
System Element Type: M109 Howitzers Fire Control System: Harzadous
Components
Recommende
Operate the howitzer can
1. Muzzle
1. Severed plug is most
visible injury or common,
damage or death of
O&SHA-41 Howitzer ensure tube
foreign personnel. Operational 2E
canon is clear of
matter in 2. round obstructions
tube. explodes in before
tube loading
Managing howitzer track

1. Cause a 1. Check
rollover, track for
Lost or
O&SHA-42 Howitzer placing safety before
defective occupants at Operational 2E
Track driving IAW
track(s) risk of injury TM 9-2350-
or death. 311-10
Ventilate the air intake grill
1. Improper
ventilation 1. Ensure
can cause proper
suffocation, maintenance
upper is conducted
Howitzer Ventilation respirator to keep
O&SHA-43 Hull- air intake issues, or Operational 2E equipment in
Ventilation grille fails death to proper
occupants working
due to condiction
prolonged IAW TM 9-
exposure to 2350-311-10
toxic fumes.
Maintain the temperature o
1. Long term 1. Ensure

exposure to proper
extreme maintenance
temperatures is conducted
Howitzer Self- can produce to keep
Hull- indicating
O&SHA-44 Thermomete Thermomete central Operational 2E equipment in
neverous proper
r r fails system working
damage and condiction
possible IAW TM 9-
death. 2350-311-10
Lighting the system
Incandescent 1. Prolonged
lighting exposure can 1. Only use
(dome and cause health
O&SHA-45 Howitzer when needed
Hull- Lighting instrument issues such as Operational 1E for operating
panel) emit headaches equipment
ultraviolet and eye
radiation. strain.
Using the visual devices
1. ensure
1. The proper PPE is
telescopes being used
alinement while
device is operating
radioactively equipment
Sighting illuminated.
O&SHA-46 Howitzer instruments - 2. If Valves Operational 2E
Firing- Site 2. ensure
telescopes are broken or device is
defective can properly
cause harm stored in
or death from carring case
radiation and case is
exposure. secured
Use the heaters properly
1.
Improperly
operating
personal
heater can 1. Ensure
lead to proper
exhaust maintenance
odors or is conducted
Improperly
Howitzer exposure to to keep
operating
O&SHA-47 personal carbon Operational 2E equipment in
personal
heater monoxide. proper
heater Carbon working
monoxide condiction
exposure can IAW TM 9-
cause 2350-311-10
headaches,
difficulty
breathing or
death.
Maintain the Howitzer exha
1. A blocked
exhaust grille
will prevent
air circulation
within the 1. ensure
hull can lead grille is free
Blocked to CO of
Howitzer exhaust grille poisoning.
O&SHA-48 exhaust grille can lead to (CO Operational 2E obstructions
before and
CO poisoning. poisoning during
caused operations
headaches,
dizziness,
paranoid
state or
death)
Power the system

1. High 1. ensure
voltage can proper PPE is
Howitzer Exposure to cause heart being used
O&SHA-49 generator Operational 1E
high voltage. fibrillation, while
electrocution operating
or death. equipment
Power the system

1. High 1. ensure
voltage can proper PPE is
O&SHA-50 Howitzer Exposure to cause heart Operational being used
1E
rectifer high voltage. fibrillation, while
electrocution operating
or death. equipment
TLM SCF
FMRI Comments Status Type Yes/No
ope n
ope n
ope n
ope n
ope n
ope n
ope n
ope n
ope n
ope n
TLM SCF
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
1E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
1E ope n
1E ope n
TLM SCF
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
1E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
1E ope n
1E ope n
TLM SCF

2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
1E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
1E ope n
1E ope n
TLM SCF
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
1E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
2E ope n
1E ope n
1E ope n
HHA Analysis
Sytem Element Type: M109
Element Subsystem-Feed Howitzers Fire Control System: Energy Sources
Analyst:
Date:
HH Type Number Hazard Causes Effects Mode IMRI
veiable Recoil system striking personnel/pos
personnel ible loss of life
HHA-1 Operational
Explosion
Cab Rounds falling 1. Injury to
Amminition out of racks personnel/pos
HHA-2 safety racks ible loss of life Operational
Explosion
Howitzer M82 primer 1. Howitzer
Ammunition failure to fails to fire
function resulting in at
least a five
minute delay
and cusing
HHA-3 explosion risk Operational
Explosion
Howitzer M4 Series 1Howitzer fails
Ammunition Propelling to fire
Charges failure resulting in
to function 5mi delay 2.
Round falls
long or short
of target
3. possible
HHA-4 injury/loss of Operational
life to
personnel
Explosion
Howitzer The engine 1. can cause
Engine produces illness,
carbon permanent
monoxcide neurological
HHA-5 damage, loss Operational
of life
Oxygen defficiency
Howitzer Fuel fuel leaks into could cause
the hul of fire resulting
howitzer in loss of
equipment,
injury to
personnel or
HHA-6 loss of life Operational
Ogygen diffficiency
Howitzer radio Loss failure to
comunnication communicatio receive
system n during fire emergency
HHA-7 mission voice Operational
commands
Noise
Howitzer led acid Gases can
Battery battery gases explode,
can explode causing injury,
loss of life and
damage or
HHA-8 loss of Operational
equipment
Fire
Howitzer Improper will result in
computer installation low level
HHA-9 shock to Operational
personnel
Electric shock
Howitzer computer Could result in
computer displays ghost round fired
data inadvertently
HHA-10 Operational
Explosion
HHA Analysis
Functions
Crew will not

receive data
Howitzer GDU fails to leading to
HHA-11 gunner display display correct firing mishap Operational 2E
unit(GDU) data that threatens
human health
Fire
Round could
detonate as
Howitzer Premature or close as 300
Ammunition- late funtioning meters from Operational
HHA-12 2E
Fuze verable of fuze up to 1 tube potential
time (VT) sec enjury to
personnel and
equipment
Fire
Howitzer Premature or Potential

Ammunition-
late funtioning injury to
HHA-13 Fuze Operational 2E
of fuze up to . personel and
Mechinical 10 sec equipment
time (MT)
Fire
Howitzer Premature or Potential

Ammunition- late injury to
HHA-14 FuzePoint Operational 2E
functioning of personel and
detonating fuze equipment
(PD)
fire
Resulting in a
cook off which
could cause a
Howitzer blowback
Ammunition- Fails to ignite potential
HHA-15 injury/loss of Operational 1E
Propellant properly
charge life to
personnel and
damaged
equuipment
Fire
Resulting in a
cook off which
could cause a
Howitzer ignites blowback
Ammunition- prematurly potential
HHA-16 due to cannon injury/loss of Operational 2E
Propellant
charge tube temp. life to
personnel and
damaged
equuipment
Fire
failure to
Howitzer radio Loss receive
HHA-17 comunnication communicatio emergency Operational 2E
n during fire
system voice
mission commands
Noise
ineffective
while the
Loss of
engine is
Howitzer fire personnel and Operational
HHA-18 running and 2E
extinguisher equipment
doesn’t work due to fire
above 1100
rpm
Fire
Could result in
computer round landing
dispays off target
Howitzer
HHA-19 incorrect data resulting in Operational 1E
computer or unreadable loss of
data personnel and
equipment
Fire
Will result in
computer mission failure
Howitzer
HHA-20 display is due to digital Operational 1E
computer
unreadable communicatio
ns
Fire
HHA Analysis
Operation
1. Injury to
personnel 2.
Howitzer Opening and possible
Preperation
HHA-21 closing of Blowback Operational 2E
for firing- breech when
breech projectile is
fired
Fire
1. Over filling
with hydrolic
fluid could
Howitzer checking result in blown
preperation recuperator
HHA-22 seals during Operational 2E
for firing- proper fluid firing resulting
recuperator levels in round
falling short of
the target.
Fire
Improper can cause

Emplacement rounds to be
Howitzer of the fired in wrong
preperation
HHA-23 collamator, direction, Operational 2E
for firing-
Collamator the primary causing
aiming personell
refrence.. death
Fire
Could result in
unnecessary
failure to ammunition
Howitzer
HHA-24 inspect malfunctions, Operational 2E
Ammunition ammunition which could
cause bodily
injury
Fire
Will result in
round
impacting left
Howitzer Improper lay
HHA-25 or right of the Operational 1E
firing-direction for direction target causing
possible loss
of life
Fire
will result in
round
impacting long
Howitzer or short of the
Improper lay
HHA-26 firing- target causing Operational 2E
for elevation
elevation possible loss
of life to
forward
observers
Fire
Will result in
round
exploding
premature or
Howitzer Wrong fuze
HHA-27 late which Operational 2E
firing-fuze settings could cause
injury or loss
of life to
personnel
Could result in
failure to a blowback,
Howitzer ensure breech
HHA-28 posible injury Operational 2E
firing-breech is properly to personel or
closed loss of life
Fire
Could result in
permature
Improper funtioning of
Howitzer
HHA-29 firing-firing functioning or primer causing Operational 1E
forcing to blowback
Mechinsm close resulting in
injury and loss
of life
Fire
1. Long term
exposure to
extreme
temperatures
Howitzer Hull- Self-indicating can produce
HHA-30 Thermometer central Operational 1E
Thermometer fails neverous
system
damage and
possible
death.
Poinous gas
HHA Analysis
Personnel 1. Personnel
Exposed to Health hazards
trithium gas depending on
Howitzer fire while using exposure time
HHA-31 control the M140 and amount. Operational 2E
alignment Alignment
device caused 2. failure of
by broken the device to
valves. illuminate
Poisonous substance
Propellant 1. can lead to
Howitzer charge damage to
ammunition- disposal enviorment
HHA-32 unused Operational 2E
requires burns to
propellant burning of personnel and
charges charges equipment.
Fire
may cause
Howitzer
irritation of
lubricant- the upper
HHA-33 respiratory Operational 2E
lubricant of CLP tract and may
preservetant be fatal if
(CLP)
swallowed
Posinous substance
1. while
refueling could
Howitzer cause injury to
Diesel Fuel
HHA-34 movement- eyes, skin, Operational 2E
spill
Fuel lungs and is an
enviornmental
hazard
Chemical substance
1. May cause
swellingand
redness to the
skin. Can
cause
Howitzer Hydraulic fluid intestinal
HHA-35 problems Operational 1E
Hydraulics spill which could
ultimately lead
to death and
presents an
enviormental
Hazard
1. Can cause
injury or death
by burning
Howitzer White deep into
ammunition- phosphorus tissue, being Operational
HHA-36 white 2E
exposure to inhaled as a
phosphorus personnel smoke and
round ingested and
can lead to
death.
Chemical substance
1. Can lead to
skin
sensitization,
such as
contains dermatitis,
Tetrytol
Howitzer itch and
(secondary
ammunition- erythema. It
HHA-37 high explosive) can also affect Operational 2E
subblamentar Exposure
y charge mucous
exposure to membrane,
personnel respiratory
tract and
possibly the
liver.
Chemical substance
1. Ground
water
Howitzer
HHA-38 transmission happen from Operational 2E
engine oil spillage spillage,
seeping into
the ground.
Chemical substance
1. Anti-freeze
is poisnous to
humans and
other animals.
Radiator If ingested
Howitzer coolant (Anti- can
HHA-39 lead to Operational 1E
radiator freeze) severe
spillage diarrhea,
vomiting,
kidney falure
and death.
Chemical substance
1. Engine oil
contains a
mixture of of
toxic
compounds
Engine oil
Howitzer such as
HHA-40 spillage Operational 1E
engine benzene.
(pollution) Benzene is
known to
cause
leukemia in
humans.
Chemical substance
HHA Analysis
System Element Type: M109 Howitzers Fire Control System: Harzadous
Components
1. Severed
visible injury or death
Howitzer damage or of personnel. Operational
HHA-41 2E
canon foreign matter 2. round
in tube. explodes in
tube
Fire
1. Cause a
rollover,
Lost or placing
HHA-42 Howitzer Track defective Operational 2E
occupants at
track(s)
risk of injury
or death.
Fire
1. Improper
ventilation can
cause
suffocation,
upper
Ventilation air
Howitzer Hull- intake grille respirator
HHA-43 Operational 2E
Ventilation issues, or
fails death to
occupants due
to prolonged
exposure to
toxic fumes.
Oxygen deficiency
1. Long term
exposure to
extreme
temperatures
Self-indicating can produce
Howitzer Hull- Thermometer central
Thermometer fails neverous
system
damage and
possible
death.
High temperature
Incandescent 1. Prolonged
lighting (dome exposure can
and
HHA-45 Howitzer Hull- instrument cause health Operational 1E
Lighting issues such as
panel) emit headaches
ultraviolet and eye strain.
radiation.
Light
1. The
telescopes
alinement
device is
radioactively
Sighting illuminated. 2.
Howitzer
HHA-46 instruments - If Valves are Operational 2E
Firing- Site telescopes broken or
defective can
cause harm or
death from
radiation
exposure.
Radioactive material
1. Improperly
operating
personal
heater can
lead to
exhaust odors
or exposure to
Improperly
Howitzer carbon
operating
HHA-47 personal monoxide. Operational 2E
personal
heater Carbon
heater monoxide
exposure can
cause
headaches,
difficulty
breathing or
death.
Temperature
1. A blocked
exhaust grille
will prevent air
circulation
within the hull
Blocked
exhaust grille can lead to CO
Howitzer
HHA-48 exhaust grille can lead to CO poisoning. Operational 2E
(CO poisoning
poisoning.
caused
headaches,
dizziness,
paranoid state
or death)
Oxygen deficiency
1. High
voltage can
Howitzer Exposure to cause heart
generator high voltage. fibrillation,
electrocution
or death.
Electric shock
1. High
voltage can
Howitzer Exposure to cause heart
rectifer high voltage. fibrillation,
electrocution
or death.
Electric shock
TLM SCF
1. Ensure personnel are clear of recoil
before firing 2. Ensure
proper fluid levels in recuperator, no
obstruction are in recoil area. ope n
1. Ensure projectiles are properly secured

with lock pins
ope n
1. Ensure primer is stored in dry place and

do not remove from plastic package until
ready for use
ope n
1. Must be stored in cool dry place, inspect

before use 2. ensure correct charge is
loeded using secondary checks
ope n
1. Stand at a safe distance from vehicle

when starting do not operate in confined
space for example a dough in position.
ope n
1. Ensure to check fuel line and pump for

leaks
ope n
ope n
ope n
Do not have open flames around the

battery or make sparks
1. Ensure proper connection 2. use proper
PPE while handling antena
ope n
1. Improved communications between

Howitzer crew and fire direction center
ope n
TLM SCF
1. Conduct dry missions prior to live fire. 2E ope n
1. ensure correct time is set, setting 2E ope n

verified by SC
1. Ensure correct time is set, setting 2E ope n

verified by SC
1. Ensure correct time is set, setting 2E ope n

verified by SC
1. ensure Propellant charges are properly 1E ope n
stored prior to loading
1. swab cannon tube with water to keep

2E ope n
tempature down during intence firing
1. conduct periodic commo checks 2E ope n
1. conduct fire drills, ensure proper 2E ope n

maintenance is concucted
1. ensure regular maintenance is 1E ope n

conducted
1. Ensure equipment is fully mission 1E ope n

capable prior to mission
TLM SCF
Ensure breech is properly closed witness 2E ope n
marks completely alligned.
Ensure fluid levels are correct and there 2E ope n

are no cracks around seals.
1. Ensure aiming refrence is emplaced IAW

TM 9-2350-311-10 2. Ensure 2E ope n
secondary check are being conducted.
1. Ensure inspection are done IAW TM 9- 2E ope n

2350-311-10
1. Ensure correct target data is being

placed on the gunners site by the gunner 1E ope n
use secondary safety checks conducted by
the section chief (SC)
1. Ensure correct target data is being

placed on the assistant gunners site by the
AG use secondary safety checks conducted 2E ope n
by the section chief
1. Proper safety checks conducted by
cannoneer #1 announced to the section 2E ope n
chief, section chief properly verifies
1. Ensure witness marks are alligned and 2E ope n

cheched by SC
1. Check proper functioning of device 1E ope n

during prefire checks

conducted to keep equipment in proper 1E ope n
working condiction IAW TM 9-2350-311-10
TLM SCF
1. ensure proper PPE is being used while

operating equipment 2.
ensure device is properly stored in carring 2E ope n
case and case is secured
1. burn at least 500 meters from
equipment or personnel place increments
2E ope n
2. ensure fire fight equipment is
on hand
1. Use PPE while using product 2E ope n
1. use PPE while refueling including the

use of drip pan 2. 2E ope n
Any spillage be reported to enviromental
safety office
1. use PPE while adding fluid including the

use of drip pan 2.
Any spillage be reported to enviromental 1E ope n
safety office
1. use PPE while handling round

2. Any spillage be 2E ope n
reported to enviromental safety office
1. properly secure and unused charge until
they can be turned in for proper disposal 2E ope n

use of drip pan 2.
safety office

use of drip pan 2.
safety office

use of drip pan 2. 1E ope n
Any spillage be reported to enviromental
safety office
TLM SCF
1. Muzzle plug is most common, ensure
tube is clear of obstructions before loading 2E ope n
1. Check track for safety before driving IAW 2E ope n

TM 9-2350-311-10

working condiction IAW TM 9-2350-311-
10

10
1. Only use when needed for operating 1E ope n

equipment
1. ensure proper PPE is being used while
operating equipment 2.
ensure device is properly stored in carring 2E ope n
case and case is secured

10
1. ensure grille is free of obstructions 2E ope n

before and during operations
1. ensure proper PPE is being used while 1E ope n

operating equipment
1. ensure proper PPE is being used while 1E ope n
operating equipment
System: M109 Howitzers Fire Control System
SSR Traceability Matrix Safety Requirements/
Subsystem:
Design Test
SSR System Safety Requirement HAR TLM Requirem Requirem
SC
Number (SSR) Number Number ent ent
Number Number
SSR-1 No single point failure Y 1 7
can result in missile
launch.
SSR 2 The set time should be verified y 1 7

by SC
The projectiles should be y 1 7

SSR 3 properly securred with lock pins
Safety Requirements/Criteria Analysis
Test
Comments
Method Coverage Results
(T/A/I/N) (E/I) (P/F)
HAR's derived from SSHA-1, and

SHA-28
HAR's derived fromO&SHA-2

O&SHA-13
HAR's derived fromO&SHA-2

Equipment Description 1 IEL ID No

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Equipment Description 1 IEL ID No

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Howitzers Fire Control System

IEL Equipment Description

1. Ensure projectiles are properly secured with lock pins

1. conduct periodic commo checks

1. do not have open flames, or make sparks around a battery

1. Ensure proper connection 2. use proper PPE while handling antena

1. Improved communications between Howitzer crew and fire direction center

1. ensure correct time is set, setting verified by SC

1. Ensure correct time is set, setting verified by SC

1. Ensure correct time is set, setting verified by SC

1. ensure Propellant charges are properly stored prior to loading

1. conduct periodic commo checks

1. conduct fire drills, ensure proper maintenance is concucted

1. ensure regular maintenance is conducted

1. Ensure equipment is fully mission capable prior to mission

1. Ensure inspection are done IAW TM 9-2350-311-10

1. Ensure witness marks are alligned and cheched by SC

1. Check proper functioning of device during prefire checks

1. Only use when needed for operating equipment

1. ensure grille is free of obstructions before and during operations

1. ensure proper PPE is being used while operating equipment

1. ensure proper PPE is being used while operating equipment

1. burn at least 500 meters from equipment or personnel place increments

1. Use PPE while using product

1. use PPE while handling round 2. Any spillage be reported to enviromental

Cab Amminition safety racks Rounds falling out of racks

Howitzer Ammunition M82 primer failure to function

Howitzer Ammunition M4 Series Propelling Charges failure to

Howitzer Engine The engine produces carbon

Howitzer Fuel fuel leaks into the hul of howitzer

Howitzer radio comunnication system Loss communication during fire

Howitzer computer Improper installation

Howitzer computer computer displays ghost data

Premature or late funtioning of fuze

PHA-14 Howitzer Ammunition-FuzePoint detonating (PD) Premature or late functioning of fuze

PHA-15 Howitzer Ammunition- Propellant charge Fails to ignite properly

ignites prematurly due to cannon tube

Loss communication during fire

ineffective while the engine is running

computer dispays incorrect data or

PHA-20 Howitzer computer computer display is unreadable

PHA-21 Howitzer Preperation for firing-breech Opening and closing of breech

checking recuperator proper fluid

Improper Emplacement of the

PHA-24 Howitzer Ammunition failure to inspect ammunition

PHA-25 Howitzer firing-direction Improper lay for direction

PHA-27 Howitzer firing-fuze Wrong fuze settings

failure to ensure breech is properly

Improper functioning or forcing to

PHA-30 Howitzer Hull-Thermometer Self-indicating Thermometer fails

Personnel Exposed to trithium gas

Propellant charge disposal requires

PHA-34 Howitzer movement- Fuel Diesel Fuel spill

White phosphorus exposure to

contains Tetrytol (secondary high

PHA-38 Howitzer engine Engine transmission oil spillage

PHA-39 Howitzer radiator Radiator coolant (Anti-freeze) spillage

PHA-40 Howitzer engine Engine oil spillage (pollution)

visible damage or foreign matter in

PHA-42 Howitzer Track Lost or defective track(s)

PHA-43 Howitzer Hull- Ventilation Ventilation air intake grille fails

Incandescent lighting (dome and

PHA-46 Howitzer Firing- Site Sighting instruments - telescopes