Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A systematic collection and analysis of all subjective and objective information necessary to define and validate
defensible curriculum processes that satisfy the language learning requirements of students within the context of
particular institutions that influence the learning and teaching situation. Brown, 1995, p.36
History
Late 1980’s Psychological stance to needs (Brindley 1989, Hutchinson and Waters, 1987) Needs= linguistic items +
functions + learners’ perceptions + psychological constructs.
Classification of Needs
Classes: Objective, Subjective, Perceived, Felt, Process-oriented, Product-oriented, Necessities, Lacks and Wants.
• Gathering information
Brown (1995)
Decision making:
Objective vs Subjective.
Information gathering:
Types of questions
Types of instruments
Selecting procedures
Types of questions:
Attitudes: Feelings and perception regarding the language or elements in the program.
• Learners.
• Content teachers.
Existing information
Tests
• Observations
• Interviews
• Meetings
• Questionnaires