[Soal 1] Bola.

Anda sedang berada di pinggir permukaan piringan berjari-jari 𝑅 yang berputar dengan kecepatan
sudut yang dipaksa konstan 𝜔 berlawanan arah jarum jam menurut kerangka tanah. Anda melempar bola secara
horizontal sehingga bola tersebut terlihat bergerak kembali dan anda tangkap dalam waktu 𝑇. Abaikan gaya
gravitasi bumi. Tentukan kecepatan awal bola dan arah bola harus dilemparkan menurut kerangka Anda!

[Soal 2] Menggunakan definisi intensitas spesifik dan Fluks, tunjukkan bahwa Fluks total yang melewati pemancar
isotropik adalah nol. Fluks didefinisikan sebagai
∫ 𝑑𝐸
𝐹= ∫ 𝐼 cos 𝜃 𝑑Ω
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝜈 Ω 𝜈
Asumsikan nilai intensitas spesifik homogen di segala arah dan tidak ada sumber radiasi eksternal.

[Soal 3]

[The head start] Two clocks are positioned at the ends of a train of length L (as
measured in its own frame). They are synchronized in the train frame. The train
travels past you at speed v. It turns out that if you observe the clocks at simultaneous
times in your frame, you will see the rear clock showing a higher reading than the
front clock. By how much?

[Soal 4] [Relativistic headlight] A driver at a car moving at constant speed v relative to the ground observes his
car headlight. He finds that the light emerging from the headlight forms a cone that subtends up to θ degrees
directed to the front. What is the aperture angle of the cone of light observed from the ground?

[Soal 5] By the year 25000 A.D., the humans would have acquired the ability to swim at high velocities, but the
costal guards should put limits on these speeds for the safety of the divers. Divers who go to depths of the sea,
take a long time there, will probably die on their way back to the top. Humans are warm-blooded, meaning that
their body temperature is almost constant. Then according to ideal gas law, (P.V) will be constant for the lungs,
which P is the gas pressure and V is its volume. Because of the high pressure in seas, the lung volume would
decrease. The divers, who are making their way to the top, at high speeds, will have their longs expand in a
rapid way, which will make them explode! In this procedure, if you assume the lungs to be spheres, by their rapid
expansion, they will make an empty space between the air particles and lung walls, which will allow these
particles to move very fast toward the lungs and make them explode.
a. We know that the water's density is constant everywhere under seas. By assuming a constant gravity at every
height, find the water pressure at a point with a depth of ℎ
b. By using the ideal gas law, find a relation between ℎ and the volume of the lung by assuming the temperature
of gas inside the lung is constant.
c. If we assume the lungs to spheres find their volume as function of the depth height(ℎ)
d. Assume that the divers will go up with a velocity of 𝑉ℎ and the lungs to expand with a velocity of 𝑉𝑟 . Now by
differentiating the relation above find 𝑉ℎ in terms of 𝑉𝑟 and ℎ
e. The experiments have shown that if the lunges expand with a relative velocity 10 m⁄s greater than, more
than 60% of the gas particles of surface layer, then the required volume difference will occur and after a few
moments the longs will explode. The particles in surface layer are those that will only move in radial direction
(moving away from the center). Assume that the gas particles inside the lung obey the Maxwell-Boltzmann
distribution, by considering the figure at the end of the question find 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
f. Knowing 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥 , find 𝑉ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 at a height ℎ. This is the velocity restriction that the police are going use. Assume
the gas pressure at the surface to be 1 atm and humans' lung volume to be 6 liter.
g. What then is the minimum required time for the diver to get to the surface from the depth of 200m ? Take
the gravity acceleration to be 9.8 m/s2.