Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4000
3900
3800
3700
3600
3500
3400
3300
Entalpi (kJ/kg)
3200
3100
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
Genereret med X Steam
Generated with X
fra www.x-eng.com
2200 Steam from
Henrik Dam FMS
www.x-
www.henrikdamp.dk
eng.com
─── Temperatur i °C
─── Temperature
2100 ─── Tryk i bar absolut
in °C
─── Tørhedsgrad
─── Pressure in
bar absolute
2000 ─── Vapour
fraction
1900
5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9
Specifik entropi (kJ/kg°K)
Saturation x=0.9 x=0.8 x=0.7
0.7
P s h s h s h s h
0.01 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.02 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.05 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.2 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.4 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.6 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.8 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
30 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
40 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
60 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
70 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
80 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
90 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
100 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
110 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
120 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
130 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
140 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
150 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
160 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
180 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
200 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Properties given pressure and temperature Properties given pressure and enthalpy
Pressure 20.00 bar a Pressure 12.57 bar a
Temperature 180.00 °C Enthalpy 2788.00 kJ/kg
Enthalpy #VALUE! kJ/kg Temperature #VALUE! °C
Density #VALUE! kg/m3 Density #VALUE! kg/m3
Entropy #VALUE! kJ/kgK Entropy #VALUE! kJ/kgK
Vapour fraction #VALUE! % Vapour fraction #VALUE! %
IF97 Region #VALUE! IF97 Region #VALUE!
Phase #VALUE! Phase #VALUE!
Isobaric heat capacity #VALUE! kJ/kg Isobaric heat capacity #VALUE! kJ/kg
Speed of sound #VALUE! m/s Speed of sound #VALUE! m/s
f functions for use is available on the "Calling functions" worksheet
ibilities for any errors in the code or damage thereby.
acro:Security… to enable macros.
Temperature
Tsat_p 6 bar #VALUE!
T_ph 1 bar 100 kJ/kg #VALUE!
T_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
T_hs 100 kJ/kg 0.2 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Pressure
psat_T 120 °C #VALUE!
p_hs 84 kJ/kg 0.296 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
p_hrho 2000 kJ/kg 5 kg/m3 #VALUE!
Enthalpy
hV_p 1 bar #VALUE!
hL_p 1 bar #VALUE!
hV_T 100 °C #VALUE!
hL_T 100 °C #VALUE!
h_pT 1 bar 20 °C #VALUE!
h_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
h_px 1 bar 0.5 #VALUE!
h_Tx 100 °C 0.5 #VALUE!
h_prho 1 bar 2 kg/m3 #VALUE!
Specific volume
vV_p 1 bar #VALUE!
vL_p 1 bar #VALUE!
vV_T 100 °C #VALUE!
vL_T 100 °C #VALUE!
v_pT 1 bar 100 °C #VALUE!
v_ph 1 bar 1000 kJ/kg #VALUE!
v_ps 1 bar 5 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Density
rhoV_p 1 bar #VALUE!
rhoL_p 1 bar #VALUE!
rhoV_T 100 °C #VALUE!
rhoL_T 100 °C #VALUE!
rho_pT 1 bar 100 °C #VALUE!
rho_ph 1 bar 1000 kJ/kg #VALUE!
rho_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Specific entropy
sV_p 0.006117 bar #VALUE!
sL_p 0.0061171 bar #VALUE!
sV_T 0.0001 °C #VALUE!
sL_T 100 °C #VALUE!
s_pT 1 bar 20 °C #VALUE!
s_ph 1 bar #VALUE! kJ/kg #VALUE!
Specific internal energy
uV_p 1 bar #VALUE!
uL_p 1 bar #VALUE!
uV_T 100 °C #VALUE!
uL_T 100 °C #VALUE!
u_pT 1 bar 100 °C #VALUE!
u_ph 1 bar 1000 kJ/kg #VALUE!
u_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Specific isobaric heat capacity
CpV_p 1 bar #VALUE!
CpL_p 1 bar #VALUE!
CpV_T 100 °C #VALUE!
CpL_T 100 °C #VALUE!
Cp_pT 1 bar 100 °C #VALUE!
Cp_ph 1 bar 200 kJ/kg #VALUE!
Cp_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Specific isochoric heat capacity
CvV_p 1 bar #VALUE!
CvL_p 1 bar #VALUE!
CvV_T 100 °C #VALUE!
CvL_T 100 °C #VALUE!
Cv_pT 1 bar 100 °C #VALUE!
Cv_ph 1 bar 200 kJ/kg #VALUE!
Cv_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Speed of sound
wV_p 1 bar #VALUE!
wL_p 1 bar #VALUE!
wV_T 100 °C #VALUE!
wL_T 100 °C #VALUE!
w_pT 1 bar 100 °C #VALUE!
w_ph 1 bar 200 kJ/kg #VALUE!
w_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Dynamic Viscosity
Viscosity is not part of IAPWS Steam IF97. Equations from "Revised Release on the IAPWS Formulation 1985 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substa
Viscosity in the mixed region (4) is interpolated according to the density. This is not true since it will be two fases.
my_pT 1 bar 100 °C #VALUE!
my_ph 1 bar 100 kJ/kg #VALUE!
my_ps 1 bar 1 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Prandtl
Calcualted as Cp*my/tc
pr_pT 1 bar 200 °C #VALUE!
pr_ph 1 bar 2875.4750649 kJ/kg #VALUE!
Thermal Conductivity
Revised release on the IAPS Formulation 1985 for the Thermal Conductivity of ordinary water substance (IAPWS 1998)
tcL_p 1 bar #VALUE!
tcV_p 1 bar #VALUE!
tcL_T 25 °C #VALUE!
tcV_T 25 °C #VALUE!
tc_pT 1 bar 25 °C #VALUE!
tc_ph 1 bar 100 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
tc_hs 100 kJ/(kg K) 0.34 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Surface Tension
IAPWS Release on Surface Tension of Ordinary Water Substance, September 1994
st_T 100 °C #VALUE!
st_p 1 bar #VALUE!
Vapour fraction
x_ph 1 bar 1000 kJ/kg #VALUE!
x_ps 1 bar 4 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Vapour Volume Fraction
Observe that vapour volume fraction is very sensitive. Vapour volume is about 1000 times greater than liquid volume and therfore vapour volume fraction
gets close to the accurancy of steam IF-97
vx_ph 1 bar 418 kJ/kg #VALUE!
vx_ps 1 bar 4 kJ/(kg K) #VALUE!
Version history
News in V2.5
* DLL distrubution for use in other applications
* Freebasic translation
* Fixed small error in Cv Region 5 p>1000bar
News in V2.4a
* ToSIUnit for h_ps region 4. (No effect in SI unit version).
News in V2.4
* Functions by p,rho inplemented in matlab also.
* Many missing ; in matlab causing printouts detected.
* OpenOffice version introduced. (Fixed calculation differences in open office and excel)
* Matlab error giving varaible undefined in some backwards solutions fixed.
News in V2.3
* Option Explicit, gives more efficient calculations.
* Extensive testing
* my_ph not defined in region 4.
* Problems at region border for h4V_p to adress solver problems at the exact border.
* Problem at fast border check in region_ph fixed.
News in V2.2
* Extensive testing
* Fixed error in Cp_ph
* Function p_hrho added. (Very good for calcualting pressure when heating a volume with water/steam mixture.)
* Fixed error in T_hs return no value for vet region bellow the water saturation line.
* Prandtl number added
News in V2.1
* Calling function h_prho
* Fixed problem with Cv reporting NaN in region 5.
* Equivivalent to the Matlab version. (Downloadable from www.x-eng.com)
News in V2
* Calling functions of h and s added.
* Thermal conductivity, Surface tension added
* Calling functions h_px and h_tx added.
* Cp, Cv and w undefined in the mixed region. (Before interpolation with the vapor fraction was used.)
* A work sheet "Properties" for simple lookups added.
ook. This page can be removed)
°C Saturation temperature
°C Temperture as a function of pressure and enthalpy
°C Temperture as a function of pressure and entropy
°C Temperture as a function of enthalpy and entropy
-
-
Temperatur (°C)
0.06 #VALUE!
0.08 #VALUE!
350
10 #VALUE!
11 #VALUE! 300
12 #VALUE!
13 #VALUE! 250
14 #VALUE!
15 #VALUE! 200
16 #VALUE!
17 #VALUE! 150
18 #VALUE!
100
19 #VALUE!
20 #VALUE!
50
21 #VALUE!
22 #VALUE! 0
23 #VALUE! 0 1 2 3 4
Specific
24 #VALUE!
25 #VALUE!
26 #VALUE!
27 #VALUE!
28 #VALUE!
29 #VALUE!
30 #VALUE!
31 #VALUE!
32 #VALUE!
33 #VALUE! 0.1 bar
34 #VALUE! T s
35 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Liquid
36 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Vapour
38 #VALUE! 50 #VALUE!
40 #VALUE! 100 #VALUE!
45 #VALUE! 150 #VALUE!
50 #VALUE! 200 #VALUE!
55 #VALUE! 250 #VALUE!
60 #VALUE! 300 #VALUE!
65 #VALUE! 350 #VALUE!
70 #VALUE!
75 #VALUE!
80 #VALUE! 6 bar
85 #VALUE! T s
90 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
95 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
100 #VALUE! 160 #VALUE!
110 #VALUE! 250 #VALUE!
120 #VALUE! 300 #VALUE!
130 #VALUE! 350 #VALUE!
140 #VALUE!
150 #VALUE!
160 #VALUE!
170 #VALUE! 50 bar
180 #VALUE! T s
190 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
200 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
210 #VALUE! 270 #VALUE!
220 #VALUE! 300 #VALUE!
230 #VALUE! 350 #VALUE!
240 #VALUE! 400 #VALUE!
250 #VALUE!
260 #VALUE!
270 #VALUE!
280 #VALUE!
290 #VALUE!
300 #VALUE!
320 #VALUE!
340 #VALUE!
360 #VALUE!
374.14 374.14 4.4298
360 #VALUE!
340 #VALUE!
320 #VALUE!
300 #VALUE!
290 #VALUE!
280 #VALUE!
270 #VALUE!
260 #VALUE!
250 #VALUE!
240 #VALUE!
230 #VALUE!
220 #VALUE!
210 #VALUE!
200 #VALUE!
190 #VALUE!
180 #VALUE!
170 #VALUE!
160 #VALUE!
150 #VALUE!
140 #VALUE!
130 #VALUE!
120 #VALUE!
110 #VALUE!
100 #VALUE!
95 #VALUE!
90 #VALUE!
85 #VALUE!
80 #VALUE!
75 #VALUE!
70 #VALUE!
65 #VALUE!
60 #VALUE!
55 #VALUE!
50 #VALUE!
45 #VALUE!
40 #VALUE!
38 #VALUE!
36 #VALUE!
35 #VALUE!
34 #VALUE!
33 #VALUE!
32 #VALUE!
31 #VALUE!
30 #VALUE!
29 #VALUE!
28 #VALUE!
27 #VALUE!
26 #VALUE!
25 #VALUE!
24 #VALUE!
23 #VALUE!
22 #VALUE!
21 #VALUE!
20 #VALUE!
19 #VALUE!
18 #VALUE!
17 #VALUE!
16 #VALUE!
15 #VALUE!
14 #VALUE!
13 #VALUE!
12 #VALUE!
11 #VALUE!
10 #VALUE!
0.08 #VALUE!
0.06 #VALUE!
0.05 #VALUE!
0.04 #VALUE!
0.01 #VALUE!
T-s Diagram
liquid
vapou
r
p=0.1
p=6
p=0.8
p=50
p=20
p=100
2 3 4 Enthropy5 (kj/kg.K)
Specific 6 7 8 9 10
0.8 bar
T s
#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
100 #VALUE!
150 #VALUE!
200 #VALUE!
250 #VALUE!
300 #VALUE!
350 #VALUE!
20 bar
T s
#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
220 #VALUE!
300 #VALUE!
350 #VALUE!
400 #VALUE!
100 bar
T s
#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
320 #VALUE!
350 #VALUE!
400 #VALUE!
Saturated Steam
ɳt = 0.98
P (Bar)
0.068
ṁ= 300 ton / h 5
G
P1 = 5 bar 0.03169
cos f = 0.96
Daya Turbin
X2 =
h2s =
h2 =
P2 = 0.068 Wt =
Input Boiler =
Efisiensi Siklus =
Energi yang d
Cogeneration Cycle
m= 27240 kg/h
P= 68.9 bar P (Bar)
T= 482.2 0C 68.9
13.78
P= 13.78 bar
Entalpi Steam Setelah Ekspan
et(h1-h2s)
280.3009998185
h2
Efisiensi Siklus
T (oC) hf (KJ/Kg) hg (KJ/Kg) sf (KJ/Kg K) sg (KJ/Kg K)
482.2 - 3369.269458 - 6.75
38.71 162.1342854 2571.228952 0.56 8.28
h0
ri Kualitas Uap
S-Sf = 0.802137776
Sg-Sf
Keluaran Turbin
Wset(h1-h2s) = 24653765.19 Kj/h
6848.268108 kW
ri Kualitas Uap
S-Sf = 1.07
Sg-Sf
= (h1-h2)
= 3369.269458 - h2
= 3088.968458 kj/kg
Keluaran Turbin
Wset(h1-h2s) = 7635399.235 Kj/h = 7.6353992351
2120.944232 kW
= 55.39711519 %
= 465.598 kJ/kG
eat (kJ/kg)
MM Kj/h