2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16)

AN IRIS BASED REVERSIBLE

WATERMARKING SYSTEM FOR THE
SECURITY OF TELERADIOLOGY
BALAMURUGAN.G
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer
Science and Engineering,
Christ College of Engineering
and Technology
Pondicherry University
Pondicherry-605010.India
gbalamurugan1991@gmail.com
DR.K.SURESH JOSEPH
Associate Professor,
Department of Computer Science,
School of Engineering and Technology,
Pondicherry University,
Pondicherry-605014, India
Arulalan.V
M.Tech,
Department of Computer Science
and Engineering,
Manakula Vinayagar Institute of
Technology,
Pondicherry University,
Pondicherry-605107, India
arulalanveerappan@gmail.com

Abstract— To improve the security of medical data and
also transfer the medical images and their information
among, the radiologist and physicians for concerning is
termed as Teleradiology. Maintaining a secure
environment is a challenging for Teleradiology from
various issues like malpractice liability and Image
Retention etc. To overcome these issues and also to
maintain secure transformation of medical data, we
propose a combined novel system using Biometrics,
encryption and watermarking method termed as, “An Iris
Based Reversible Watermarking for the security of
Teleradiology. Here, we use CIA mechanism for medical
information and also for medical image transformation.
Enrollment and Embedding process is carried out for the
addition of user’s and their information. Verification and
Extraction process is carried out for the authentication of
information identity.
Index Terms— Teleradiology, Biometrics, Encryption,
Watermarking technique, Enrollment, Embedding,
Verification and Extraction.
1. INTRODUCTION
Teleradiology plays an important role for the
transformation of medical information and images for e-health
care service [1]. But, there arise a critical Issue in privacy and
security protection of medical data such as image Retention,
privacy etc. Another important issue is maintenance of
multiple documents [8] for a single patient it is given as
personal details, digital X-rays, diagnosis results are
transmitted in online which may cause time complexity [2,
17]. In order to avoid this, we merge the multiple documents
using a functional technique called as watermarking [3, 11].
Various security mechanisms are carried out for the protection
of Teleradiology such as Firewall, VPN and cryptographic
hash function. But this mechanism does not provide a standard
mechanism for the security of Teleradiology. To maintain, the
CIA mechanism in Teleradiology which means only an
authorized user is permitted to access the medical information
in normal scheduled condition and also check whether the
integrity of medical data is altered or not by the unauthorized
persons and information resource relates to one patient [4]. To
provide all these functional aspects, Teleradiology requires a
novel security mechanism for maintenance of medical data
remotely. In this paper, we propose an personal information
system, the authentication is maintained by iris recognition
and then the confidentiality is achieved by encryption
technique using Biometric encryption [15,20] which is used
for encryption of medical information of patient’s.
Watermarking technique is employed to check the integrity of
the system.
Watermarking is termed as hiding of information in
its carrier signal [5, 7]. Traditionally watermarking systems
are classified according to their applications. Here we classify
the watermarking system based on their domain namely
Spatial Domain and Frequency domain [6, 16]. In spatial
domain it modulates spatially with the help of image pixels
respectively.
But, the frequency domain watermarking system
controls, the host signal frequency to embed the watermark in
its co-efficient [9]. In this proposal we prefer, frequency based
watermarking technique for selection of region to embed the
encrypted information. We use Discrete Wavelet
Transformation and Singular Value Decomposition [10, 14]
for the selection of region in frequency band in medical
Image. [12] Quantization based reversible watermarking is
used for embed the information. It ensures the availability for
the security of Teleradiology system and guaranteed access to
the medical Information.
2. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PROPOSED WORK
1) Iris Based Biometric Recognition
2) Key generation from the Iris Template
3) Biometric Encryption Algorithm
4) Watermarking scheme for region based embedding
based on Reversible Watermarking

978-1-4673-9214-3/16/$31.00 © 2016 IEEE

 2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16)
A. Advantage:
1) Maintains, the high quality medical image with Index
2) Provide Solution to all the issues related to
verification and validation and to ensure
confidentiality, integrity and availability for
Teleradiology system.
2.1. Iris Based Biometric Recognition
Figure 1: Steps in Iris Recognition
Iris Recognition system [13, 18, 19] specifies, the
authentication using the pattern recognition method based on
the high resolution iris of an individual user.
2.1.1 BASIC STEPS IN IRIS BIOMETRIC RECOGNITION
The initial step, image acquisition which deals the
captures of sequence of iris image from the cameras and
sensors. The second step, Segmentation is an essential module
in Iris Recognition; it defines the effective Image Region used
for succeeding processing such as feature extraction. It
process two essential steps namely Estimation of Iris
Boundary, Noise Removal. These steps are processed by using
two essential technique called as Canny edge detection and
Hough transform.
The third step, Normalization is used in iris image to
localized efficiently to transform the iris image into a
rectangular fixed Image. The normalization process is carried
out using the Daughman’s Rubber Sheet Model. The final step
is Extraction of Iris Texture from the normalized 2D form
image is broken up into 1D signal and these signal are used to
convolve with 1D Gabor Wavelets.
f 2
G ( f ) = exp[− log[[ ]]
f0
The log-filter outputs, the Biometric feature template
is obtained from the above equation in it.
2.2. KEY GENERATION FROM IRIS TEMPLATE
In this, we perform either row-wise or column-wise,
in one dimensional (1D) DCT of the intensities. This is carried
out to obtain the DC co-efficient after DCT to generate a 1D
sequence of DC values for the 2D grayscale iris biometric
intensity Image. The key value generated is 128-bit. The DCT
of a row of the iris matrix is given as
Figure 2: Key generation for Encryption
2.3 BIOMETRIC ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM
From iris template, a 128-bit value which is used as
a key for the encryption of medical information. The main
advantage of this algorithm is simple and operates at a higher
speed. The data is encrypted by bitwise division and
multiplication which has two reverse shift operations. Hence,
the algorithm is very efficient and simple in nature.
2.4 WATERMARKING SCHEME
In this key value is obtained from iris template for
message encryption and then it is watermarked at medical
Image using quantization reversible watermarking technique.
Reversible watermarking is also called as lossless
watermarking, which allows full abstraction of the embedded
data in the whole restoration of the cover image. Quantization
based watermarking technique are mostly fragile in nature. It
modulates the pixel value dependent on the previous pixel.
Data embedding method is used to make it more suitable for
the authentication.
2.4.1 SELECTION OF FREQUENCY BAND IN MEDICAL
IMAGE:
Using both techniques namely Singular Value
Decomposition and Discrete Wavelet Transformation, we
select the frequency band region for the insertion of medical
encrypted information in the DWT bands has LH,LL,HL,HH
and we prefer LL bands for insertion and also SVD is
performed iteratively to maintain the property of reversibility.
 2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16)

Figure 3: Block diagram for Reversible Watermarking

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR PROPOSED WORK

i) Enrollment and Embedding using reversible
watermarking
ii) Verification and Validation using reversible
watermarking
Figure 4: Enrollment and Embedding using reversible watermarking
3.1 ENROLLMENT AND EMBEDDING USING
REVERSIBLE WATERMARKING

In this stage, we perform iris recognition enrollment

function, here the user enroll the iris image the iris
preprocessing steps like segmentation, normalization, feature
extraction and template will be generated. From the obtained
template, we generate 128-bit key using row wise DCT and
then using Biometric encryption algorithm the medical
information will be encrypted using 128-bit key value.

The encrypted information will be watermarked with

the help of DWT and SVD in medical image using
Quantization Based Reversible watermarking Technique, the
individual key value and the watermarked medical image will
be stored in database with the help of indexing function.

3.2 VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION USING

REVERSIBLE WATERMARKING
In this validation stage, the input iris value obtained
after pre-processing is compared with the value present in the
database using Indexing, then it matches the key value will be
sent to the watermarked medical image, the information is
decrypted the original text will be obtained after the correct
person validation. Thus, the extraction process is obtained
with the help of reversible watermarking.

Figure 5: Verification and Validation using reversible watermarking

 2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16)
4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 4.2 IMAGE QUALITY ANALYSIS
The performance result for the proposed system is evaluated PSNR of original image and PSNR of watermarked
with the following metrics Image is compared the original content of medical image is
a) Embedding capacity not affected.
b) Image quality analysis
c) Complexity analysis
d) Cryptographic attacks
e) Watermark attacks

4.1 EMBEDDING CAPACITY

The embedding capacity of the proposed work is
evaluated by hiding text in the medical image. Using
quantization based reversible watermarking approach, we
embed (64-byte) of patient’s detail into the medical image of a
particular patient.

Graph1: PSNR with respect to Block size.

4.3 Complexity analysis
The average mean time taken for embedding is a
maximum of 16s and for extraction is for 10s which shows
that the proposed system is of less complexity

Screenshot 1: Iris Enrollment

Screenshot 3: Complexity analysis

4.4 CRYPTOGRAPHIC ATTACKS:

Biometric Encryption Technique is used to generate
the cipher text. In this four step cipher algorithm with 128 bit
key gives good security performance. The essential
modification is not possible without authentication of the iris
recognition because, iris template is obtained and then using
row wise or column wise DCT co-efficient is taken to generate
128-bit key from iris.
The performance against common cryptographic
attacks like known cipher text and plain text, selected plain
text and cipher text attacks is preserved.

Screenshot 2: Embedding capacity

 2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16)
Screenshot 4: Cryptographic Encryption
4.5 Watermark attacks:
There are three types of watermark attacks arise in it.
1) Unauthorized message embedding
2) Unauthorized message extraction
3) Unauthorized watermark removal
Screenshot 5: Acquisition of medical image
Screenshot 6: Watermarking of patients information in medical image
Screenshot 7: Extraction of patient’s information
4.5.1 Unauthorized message embedding
Let us start with the iris verification, without the iris
authentication the key of 128-bit cannot be generated. The
location of the text in the medical image is predicated by the
DWT and SVD such that an attacker cannot distinguish the
bits from any location.
4.5.2 Unauthorized embedding attack
The embedding of message in the medical image is
based on the DWT and SVD. The hackers can to modify
arbitrarily the embedded encrypted bit stream to introduce a
falsified message it can be easily evaluated during the
decryption stage because the extracted data will be unable to
reconstruct the watermarked medical image.
4.5.3 Unauthorized removal attack
The valid patient information in their encrypted
edition with Iris key should be presented in all images.
4.6 Iris recognition performance metrics:
i) FAR
ii) FRR
The performance of iris recognition is evaluated
using the false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate
(FRR).The false acceptance rate is the measure that the
biometric security system will incorrectly accept an access
attempt by an unauthorized user. FAR typically is declared as
the ratio of the number of false acceptance divided by the
number of identification attempts.
The false rejection rate or FRR is the measure of the
biometric security system will incorrectly reject an access
attempt by an authorized user. FRR typically is declared as the
ratio of the number of false rejections divided by the number
of identification attempts.
 2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16)
9. P.Viswanathan, Dr.P.VenkataKrishna (2009) Text Fusin
Watermarking in Medical Image with Semi-Reversible for secure
transfer and Authentication, ICARTCC Vol.3.
10. Swanirbhar Majumder, Kharibam Jilen, Kumari Devi,
Subir Kumar Sarkar (2013), Singular Value Decomposition and
Wavelet Based Iris Biometric Watermarking IETDL.
11. Lavanya and V.Natarajan (2012) Watermarking patient
data in encrypted Medical image, Indian Academy of Sciences,
pp.723-729.
12. Wioletta Wojtowicz (2013), Biometric Watermarking for
medical Images Example of Iris code, Technical Transaction
Mechanics.
13. Dolly Choudhary, Shamik Tiwari, Ajay Kumar Singh
(2012), A Survey: Feature Extraction Methods for Iris Recognition
Graph 2: ROC of the genuine acceptance rate (GAR) against FAR.
(IJECCT) Vol.2,Issue 6.
14. Sabu M.Thampi, Ann Jisma Jacob Securing Biometric
5. CONCLUSION
Images using Reversible Watermarking.
An Iris based reversible watermarking system for 15. Dr.R.Seshadri, T.Raghu Trivedi (2013) Efficient
the security of Teleradiology is designed for protection of Cryptographic key Generation using Biometrics,
medical information to overcome the legal issues. The Int.J.Com.tech.Appl. Vol2 (1).183-187.
system provides standard mechanism for Teleradiology and 16. Namita Chandrakar, Jaspal Bagga, 2013 Performance
also ensures that it provides CIA methodology. The Comparison of digital Image Watermarking Techniques- A
performance analysis of the system ensures that the system Survey.(IJCATR)
is reliable and reduces the complexities of the 17. Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Alireza Naghsh (2014)
Teleradiology. Watermarking Techniques used in Medical Images: A
Survey.J.Digit Imaging. Springer.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 18. Wang.Y, L.Ma, “Iris Recognition using circular
symmetric Filters,” National Laboratory of Pattern recognition,
I deliver my truthful thanks to Dr. A.Ravichandran M.E., Ph.D., Institute.
M.I.S.T.E., M.I.E., Director (Christ College of Engineering and 19. Maryam Eskandari, ONsen Toygar, Feature Extraction
Technology & Christ Institute of Technology) for providing the Selection for face-Iris Multimodal Recognition”, SIVIP2014.
wonderful opportunity and kind guideline for research article 20. Praveen Varma, 2012 Proposed Method of cryptographic
preparation key generation for security digital image (IJARCSS).
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