So A Solute is dissolved in a solvent to form a Solution. - Solution * a homogeneous mixture cf 2. of more Substances solite = The component in a scitstion which exists in the smaller quantity. Solutions can be concentrated or dilute. These are terms +hat indicate +he amount cf Solute dissolved im. G given Volume of the solutien — (concentration). concentrated > A large amount ef solute is disselved in the solution dilute = very litle selute is dissolved in the selutionMotarity (mola concentration) molarity? the number cf moles of 4 Substance contained in | litre of solution = —Toles_of solute __ molarity = 1 ufre ef Solutien mol. moe Lae ool The units of molarity are coor M Ex? 10.09 of Nach is dissolved in water to make 100.mL of solution. What is #he molar concentration ef the solution? Step 1: Convert mass to mies | Nae a lo0g Noth « —Zslog+assg Noo ~ O:170--.mal Step 2? convert +e volume to litres ci 100-m. ™ eggmmL = Ot00L Step 3 * Calculate molarity ef Solution m= OL = QUO = 171 mol/L 17M. (M2 molar) G) moles = (M)(L) @ L = moles /m 3 ution @? What happens +o the concentration of @ Selution when mere unter is added ? A» The concentration of the solution wourd decease. (a¥s like adding water 40 orange juice) The process of making Solution less concentrated In generat, +0 dilute. a solution Solution larger, is calted dilution. You make the volume of the moles “ef Solute. : M Titres ef Solution By diluting a Solution, you make the litres cf solution bigger. AS this denominater increases, the value of molarity decreases, (The moles of the solute remain unchanged in. dilution)Dilutvan Calculations To calculate the concentration of a diluted solution, you must () Cateulate the males of solute in the original Solution. (2) Substitute the moles of solute and the new (final) Volume of the Solution (in litres) into the mélarity equation. 2g. Bruce adds 250.mi of Water +o 250.mt of a 0.200M Solution ef Naci. what iS the concentration of the diluted solution? To find moles of Natl M=yv =moies G) 0.200M ~ 6. 250L = 0.0500 moles Nac} = B.0808 males 8L! nis00 wes, 2 fe 2.0500 moles _ = 0.0500 moles. = (5100 2] Molacty= “Coase TORELY — SoreOE An alternative way 40 do this calculation is to use the dilution equation: Mv = Mp vp = nitro! molarity where ™ Vi = initial volume Mz = final molarity Vy = final veiume * must be in the same units, net necessarily litres, Using the new formula for the previous example, we get: Mov = mp yy (0.200™) (250.mt) = Mp (Soomt) egi How much water was added to 200,mi of 4 0-100m solution of KCl 4o moke a 0.0500M Solution ? a Vi vp = a Vy = Loom) (0.200L) 0, 0500 Vp = 0.400 vp tv volume cf water added 0.400 — 0.200. = [O200L