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NOVEMBER,1978 DUTTON: ANAL YSIS OF FATS AND OILS 807
f-uf;;~-Hf;;:-lIF;.;-+--"f~~-;-Mrl;;-+-Mf~~;-t--"-F~;,;-+-M-F~;;-:-MF~;;~-Mf~~--------------;-';f-e~~l
Hydrogenated Oil ,
! Hfu = .. FtiI4 !
,
_______1 . t lUI,. -+ Mf u + .. f IU + UF n (" JU n ,' t MF11( -+ NF 1U t ur 1S,(
!, Mfu t MFu" MFlu t MF ll s" MF IB t Mr ns t MFas + MF lSS »f tis !,
: Methanolysis [2) : !
-------f-------· ! UFu" .. flU + Mf 1l5
L~:~L~_~:~~_~_~:~,~_t ~~:,~_t ~F~~:_t_~!~:~
t MF IU
__
t Ur n .i
__
-+ Mf aJ; t Mf 1H = "fCI,
~~!!:.U
MfTU ~~+ WfTH-t MF TU -t~ = NF GEI
Methyl Esters
_______1 . [~!!1;}~+~~~ MF ers
..fllla -t Iilfu.l~ -+IMF,sIDI = Mft[,~
: Preparative HPlC [3J:
-------f------- "FU,\1+~
t Mf lS,121
=IllFC'£l1
"F~!12
i I l.uIs,121 + MF ull + Mfll 10 +~-t MFII! . ::·,
Mi~,~-~-MF;;-:-Mf-a-s-:-iiF~:-;-MF-i-l--::: = Mfcll~
Saturates
-t ..
Dienes
IUf,s,nl+ MFI41~ +~+~+"M;;Il t MfIH-t IU,s + MF u • Mfu .................... = Mf c04
TABU
TABLE II
150m er
Sample 8.12 8.15 9.12 9.13 9.14 9,15 10.15 I 1,15 12.15
recommendations and actions indica ted above may have account individual alcohols. individual dialcohols, and
been made. individual alcohol esters in terms of the proportion of
There is a need for an overall characterization of a dienoic isomers that contribute to the individual alcohol
hydrogenated oil. This area of methodology is cited above types. Although rigorous algebraic solutions are possible, an
and is being considered by the Hydrogenated Oils Subcom- alternative computer program is used to give a "least
mittee, While admittedly far beyond the stage of a "glint in squares best fit."
the analyst's eye," it will serve to illustrate methodology at Data for a dienoic acids fraction of hydrogenated fat are
a pre-subcommittee stage. given in Table II. along with the analysis of inJependently
As an example of methodology development, a request analyzed mixtures. From a perusal of these data, it would
for positional and geometric isomers was made of our appear that a new approach to analyzing.diene isomers in
Northern Regional Research Center to characterize hydro- commercially hydrogenateJ fat products is now at hanJ.
genated oils that were to be used for atherosclerosis experi- Thus, in their search for adequate methodology, the Hydro-
ments in swine at the University of Wisconsin. The genation Subcommittee may be a step closer to their goal
schematic of Figure I gives the procedure used to deter- of overall characterization of hydrogenated fats. ShoulJ the
mine positional and geometric isomers in the monoenoic interest in the method justify and the Uniform Methods
acid fractions. The complete analysis is given in Table I for Committee approve, a new proceJure might be added to
positional and geometric isomers of octadecenoic acids for the expanding "Official and Tentative Methods of the
the seven fats used in the feeding studies (6). American Oil Chemists' Society."
Analytical methodology, such as the above (4) for deter-
mining the position and configuration of double bonds in fUTI-:RENCES
mixtures of monoenoic fatty acids found in hyJrogenated
1. Link, WE .. JACKS 53:232 (1976)
fats. may be concedeJ to be generally available and aJe- 2. (ilass. L.. Lipids 6:919 (1971).
quate (7). In the dienoic fatty aciJs, comparable method- 3. Scholfield, C. R .. Anal. Chem. 47: 141 7 (1975).
ology is essentially absent. 4. Johnston, A.E .. and H.1. Dutton. JAO('S49:98 (1972).
Recently a proceJure has been described (5) that pro- 5. Johnston. E.A .. J.H. DUlton. D.R. Scholfield. and R.O. Butter-
field, 1."I.OCS 55:486 (1978).
viJes information on the positional dienoic isomers that 6. Elson. c.E.. N.J. l3enevenga. D.J. Canty, R.H. Crummer, A.I-:.
may be expected in hydrogenated fats. As indicated in Johnston. J.J. Lalich. 1.R. Porter, J Rapacz. and L.S. Shrago,
Figures I anJ 2. the calculation requires quantitative gas in 'Tood }{esearch Institute Annual Report 1976." Univer-
chromatographic data for dialcohols as well as for alcohols sity of Wisconsin. Madison. WI. 1977. PI'. 401-414.
7 Dutton. I-I.J .. in "Analysis of Lipids and Lipoproteins." Ldited
and alcohol-ester fragments of reductive ozonolysis. A by 1::.(;. Perkins. Champaign. Illinois. 1976. Chapter 9. PI'.
series of linear simultaneous equations shown in Figure 2 138-152.