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    The Vietnam forum Yale University. Southeast Asia Studies.; Yale Center for International and Area Studies [New Haven, CT] : Council on Southeast Asia Studies at Yale University, ©1983-1997.

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    The Vietnam forum Yale University. Southeast Asia Studies.; Yale Center for International and Area Studies [New Haven, CT] : Council on Southeast Asia Studies at Yale University, ©1983-1997.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    116 views116 pages

    The VietNam Forum-12

    Uploaded by

    Quang-Dung
    The Vietnam forum Yale University. Southeast Asia Studies.; Yale Center for International and Area Studies [New Haven, CT] : Council on Southeast Asia Studies at Yale University, ©1983-1997.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    THE, wares ne nasoe VIETNAM 12 F OR U ‘COUNCIL ON SOUTHEAST ASIA STUDIES Sumer Pa |A REVIEW OF VIEFWAMESE CULTURE AND SOCIETY co-publines wih the WILLIAM JOINER Center U/Mass, Boston THE, wcmveensosions VIETNAM 12 FORUM =r co pub in ‘ont signification dans es idoprammesvetamiens Paul Scheider 1 ‘Authority and lgitinaey in leven coma Vietnam KW. Taylor 20 ‘The LE Code: Lain teiions Veta =+ iow este KW. Taylor 60 Deux formes toes: : esmione et oan Thi compares Phape TH Qué 64 Leseljs veramicones face & Union Indochinose Nguyen ThE Anh 2 8 igu Chih ad the exly development ‘ofthe Viemamese novel Cans Nu-Quinh& Joh C. Schafer 100, ‘AFrench dcsion for war: Frosch and Viewanese cision making tefere the outbreak of fe war in Indochina, December 1986 Stein Tenneson 112 Légitimit, ise et eptimation— Vietam: T1968, la dchiure Bu Xin Quang 136 Four pcs abou wat ‘wo Bing HIS Deresaty Tre Dg T2155 Inerono veer cut mtn fae ‘Bal Khai Nay 135, ‘herons Ph 1 156. ‘Un Américain & Han «ay Phare Vd KF 158 ‘A potato fr Me Nguyéa + ay John: Broaks 196 ‘Vietamese women nc en Mate 183, ‘Young single mal efugoe in Chicago uy Macdonald 193 Senlor Editor: 0, W. Wolters Executive Baitor: Huh Sanh Thong ‘YALE SOUIMEAST ASIA STUDIES James C. Scott. Dlector Coprigh © 1988 by Yale Sutat Aa Ser ESEN 0708-8868 THE VIETNAM. FORUM Sonir Ector ©. W: Waters ‘Sgorges Boudare! Keun Bowen, Erg tvsnsennOnrortong Jeremy HE'S Davcton ‘arnona Rautahotoo Gerald C Hexoy eee see re emu = Se te lest Coast Roprosoniaive: Nouén Meng Bide [Now England Roprosonitve: 1 VT ‘THE VIBTNAM FORUM is pablshed twice a year by the Council on Southeast Asa Statics at Yale Univesity. We welcome contib- las in English or French) inthe humanities and social sciences Tormaton ofthe Kets monastery. 1 was more than tht years be fore mere “bureaucratic” concep of foe was suemped. ‘The emaining ge spas ram be leven cetry fr who te formation fom the SU Ky s cited in he Vidi vk ip were Bis tongal gues asinguished by et loyally to Ly king Lé Phung iG a warrior who Bad caught Lj Cog U8n's ee with his expt ib a village boundary dsp a ede fail sel eens oes sat. teed hit Ma rebelous brothers inthe sucraion crs of 1038.13 ‘Tit Kit cated the Cham King in 1069 and el the Vis against Sing China in 10751077 nconras to these inpsing military fg ties is Mac Tn, a comme fisherman who had thwarted LE Vin ] The Vietnam Forum 12 31 ‘Thinks repcidal plot in 1056.97 By distinguishing these men as powerZl spirits wonky of being worshipped, later gentraons of Viet mse were identifying thei age as one which Toya toviaoas tings sued for tem igh spt! satus A stakment tite © Le"Phung Higa in the Dal Vit sy ten th is revealing. After he Secetion criss of 1028, PRAM praised Phang Hie’ loyalty and ‘avery. saying hat it surpassed all sencal precedent, Phong pared replied: . ‘The Crown Prince (Lj PAH MGs vue moves Heaven and ry, Those iho dare lo syrost range rhemes ate ‘f'n den byte ode and spit of heres, wo meet iy ite to fide ty Wht seen So mitra of als ver ‘This atsment it not simply akin of polite modesty. tis a confident sce that Be labors of men are nought walout the blessing of the Spt i ls lear afirmaton that te blessing ofthe spn et ‘upon Ly Phat i as ot denying hat ed nid mst ough ath us ey Seas ho cg ‘ater the men wa cnr yarn! ans wi power b ohana ui a on ow vee bal oid an Eon fr Png Higa oprah teal fe Ti ‘Schaef he en cay a eed tro. Woke “The Viet dfn u link tp {wish to ook tity a re more sii ram he Via wk tial aso wid Ly PHM Lj Hog called Lj nt Guang be chron, was PMs igh on, Adige Dg VE ‘Taj tain he was charged wth blog ope ede ees Gf Ngan wile Page Md sacked Champen 1048 On srt trom Chapa, Pht Mi sapped in Neha inspects o's abr, {d,eng wel pled wiht what he sw, promoted Ly Hol oe ‘asf tng and enruded Nght anos eae Pe oan rig less Chas cape nt, wee eed Nib an nr det SopervisonAeording wo he Vi io ele p Lj Hodog served ‘nth cso forsee yar gerng US border and peeing {eiherig moun ticapcop. n 136 bowers ler th ‘SoSt Ten ih ascend the ete lowing Pat Ms deh 108 ‘sje of sept and ecaled ns ong og When Do aie ko ian sai fre aed paso ah IM E was he wile of he Cham King klein at daring the tout war, ecoding tothe Dx VBL Aj ta" she was cap tae nd brought Veta, wr she tre hel oy Pot Ms teatand owned arte wavod tela homed. Accord he ‘i whip on elm igs tal pope herd he sound 2 The Vieinam Forum 12 Of sphing and weeping coming trom the depths ofthe river, 80 they bua sinew offer sacifcs tothe departing spit. Later, when Pit ‘Ma came aro the shrine during the couse of his travels, he inured Shout land, upon hearing the soy a he shine, he repel sa ter sly a spn hee, should declare is fr moo Koow ‘That night ina dream a woman appeared apd sid: "T am MAE wile of| ‘he Cham king” When he awe, Pt Ma established ceremonial sa sifies and confered a posthumous tile on Mi E's spirit The local people Worhipped er and many miracles were abated wo ee power. The establishment ofthis cult was probably in some measure motvated bya desir w prop g violent dea “The cll of Lj Hoang and Mi E have ther erigin inthe moment ‘of phHt Mls greatest achievement, his expediion to Champa, Lj Fong was a fone guardlan prince. MIE was the wife ofa lle ‘enemy - Bath became objects of popular veneraign, Ly Hodng was honored by the intabitms of Nahe-an and Ml by people living beside the ver where she drowned The sentiment trated to PRS ME tt aun pnts were those "declared fr hum 0 know” cota the idea that it was Pht M's royal vite that roused the spits wo deca themselves A farher implication is that not ll pss recognized by the people were “dclared” fo Pht MS "Wo krow" suggesting a yal ‘isin perceiving the sprit worl By the tr ofthe fourteenth century. when the Vit dfn ak tp ‘was compiled, tes cule appear to have been perceived as an ene. Son of Pht Ns power, whieh was alo the power f the LS court and {he Vit ent dtc ie fone and cooger enemies. The wile ‘ofa fallen enemy becoming a guaran sprit of De ean reveals peat confidence inthe Viet ienuty and isan indication ofthe eligiout ‘ature ofthis identity. M) E's decision to die with honor in a Viet ‘umes iver elle ia er being eclved ini the weed of Vieamese Spins, PAL Mis portrayed as not only having understood this but slboas hava stimulated ME w "declare herself as a Vietnamizod ‘pit Phat Mae vie this tured an ene spit ing a native guar ddan spirit The Viewamese spirit word was abe 1 receive an domes tiation spirits lear demonstration ofthe vitality of “LY dynasty religion”. "Another spirit rom the Vit di woh tp associated with Pit Mais the spit of Long the “Dragons Belly". The “Dragons Bell refed tothe geographical, plies, nd spl ener ofthe rai at “Thing-long. According to the Vf da wink tp! the sprit of he Dragon's Helly appeared to Kao Pen, the Tang general who restored ‘ower in Viewam ater the Nan Chao depredations ofthe 8605, when Be ‘eball the iy of Baba, Thing-longs predecessor, at thes of mod ‘Em Manel Kao Pin len aint exercise the spt nd nally hs ‘ened back 1b China, according wo the ae, order to avoid the spite power. The pegple bul shrine fay the pet near what came the East gale of Thnglong, In Phit Mas time the aes around the shine ‘The Vietnam Forum 12 3 had tecome a mareiplace where fra mechan gathered One night ‘yp fated all te bldings ne rea except he sie. Pt ‘tok tis au soperatal sgn and honored he spit wih sc tes nda coremanal ie. The Vili nh forte laine tat inthe thiecndh cena re destroyed te cy oe tines uch ine iene suived wiht bar “The ait of the Dragos Bely was seen a the most eminent spiro thea, frit was the guatan sprite he place whee th Spas. A Torin general tempting orale bere was gre ‘oy he pet, and a Pat Nts ne ie pit revealed is power by wehranaing "The infrmaion aboot his srneSarvng She fie nT Une bows thea contr Vietmamese con ‘ied fo nd mew evidence of ths spits power: hy seeming 2 tne be eablshment fis pes clo PRM. “is signs of Pit Mi onrng De spt he Dragos say sn een perceptn of Thing ong the word 1 Cong Ut proclamaten upon moving cain 1010. "King Hosoi capa a Daria Cay Kao Pen was paddy lng ‘Viemamese na grat tr who eb Da aan uted in ane a este an propery Te iy e bul became the seat of ae Vie rece Kings. But, scoring thee of the spit ofthe Dragon's ‘ely, be could not witeand the sper powers oan, bong ‘alien fom he noth. The iplicaion of ss hat re le {ems pce one mat be In harmony wih he spit of be Drags Bly, The apt wae tha aocied wih te ie of ngs. Pa ‘ss paoagso spit inns ath waa a why Oot {puis fave. The power of Thing ong bul p by Phi Ms woused penta hang fhe pt fe Dragos Bel The pt "decae uel to PRM ME Uiugh We typhoon. The perception of hit MA revealed inthe Vi din tab ip wat of Eng who Pt nly aed te tempol alm bat who wat ao i elanship af amony and wodernding wih esperar elm, ‘On ther spt canbe enone hse conection wih Past a ugh he it i hp ds a a, Ts Sa TE, Mair of Agate rp mpl Ent: Shan fe Chin glen agen oy. ia Te) ware by the Chinese a the "Goof Arlt as ey asthe Chow dynasty. ‘coding to he Ve dita tp a Tee “inact to {plat al waves of rai ard ay ala for sri oT wa iad atthe uh gc of Laan, be Tanga pedcesr of DallTlngong. We ean sume at ia Ty a sealed In Viewam during he Chinese provincial peed, pokey dng Tang. According 1 eit tse“ Dinh Linh ase ap sar Hl He {4m 96, probaly at How an in 108,15 i Maran alata TH (Se a Tho, We ea Sr ‘le hat y Pt Ma epi or bu he Tanger alan a he a of Hj Tea as known nT ine, ro OX, Ts 5 ‘The Vietnam Forum 12 cult was bao on a recognition that agricuure was the foundation of| the throne econome wel eng. Pale Ma was famous for is inet fn agncalte, epitomized by his insistence on personally conducting the spring plowing ceremony"? His paronage of Hu Ti may have ited wo this spirit being included among those honored by the our as having ben elfiacous again tbe Mongol Yuan fe Conclusion ‘We mus et beyond the simplistic assumption thatthe Lj dynasty was 2 centalized bureaucrat sate. Thave no argued this poin i etal be ‘au ere Thave taken a diferent topic, But believe Saka’ work Se my ow research wil sustain ts line of hough, indications aout {hs dzecton of which {have given in his est. Rather than ynasie bureaucracy administering al section f the realm, Thave argued ta there was dynasty in det contol of ace fea Surrounding the capital. Temporal leadership was exercised in ‘abtining raner security and te bury relaoship with China Religions leadership was execs in murtring a national focus or he ‘ferent forms of bei then pevaling, fom local animist cults wo a ‘eformise monastic Buddhism, This fous was more than simi, ‘more thi Buddhism, more than a royal cul; Thave calle "Ly ‘ynasyteligion”. believe this "Lj dynasty religion” was a significant ‘ase the evoation ofthe Vit nana ent. Powerful regional ans were loyal othe LY nox because oficial could enforce cem- [lane but cause they believed inte Ly King. Tey belived that {he Ly kings were men of vw, compete o dal withthe supe ratral power ofthe lan, able to cba spcratral blessing foe he rospenyof therein. The Ly dynasty was essed by general ac Claman, not by a campaign of pacification. n the tel cemry, a Series of royal minors allowed power wo fll nto the hands of rival ‘matmal clas at cour. These clans were simply the regional ‘who unl thn had been sausied to st inthe shade of he Ling ‘But when there were no song adlt kings, shy found themselves ‘Grist int the cater of te stage; as thet vais ineeasd in i tensiy, Ly djmast religion” faded inn dsbele,reosving anew blow ‘wih every batle Between warring regional powers in he violence that {Sind momentum at he tua of te dhieenhceatary "Tose, what have dried a6 "Lj dynasty religion” may soom to be not mach different fom Chinese theories about the natu of at {ory and legitimacy of Chinese emperors. True, in theory there isa smilsity in the assumption of the emperors vite and ofthis vibe 835 indicalon of Heaven's favor tough bestowal of the manda © ful But her the significant eel of analysis nt thaorsca. In i {odcal Umes, ese thores were expressed in tual and justifying ‘masins a the Chinese cout while ctl sate power depended poe Ihureauraic consol. tn LY Viet, religion had nt yet been bated down oa few rituals and justifying mains tere, it was the subsiance The Viet Forum 12 3s cf sate power The Ly ings wee obeyed because hey wee Bleed {fey dynasty rose So specular ete eleventh cont becase eve was whole sis of blievable ngs faded and fl fo {Poa ater tecaue the LY kings were no ont Blea n {Este par of ought modes in Ly dyna religion” The {Jaya was ently be grow an day of retusa qc fom tetoo A ne on cers, nd Do. Sinsation sy aos AeeqiSeni, evened now in he somone echo ens ho paren Notes LG Tan Kh, Le atom: Hite Clan (Paris, 1955. 4 Se exp by Nets Hg Pee eds le i, x ‘evga Dash Plt a Spin av eo 20 Fe 982). °S Minors Kata “Blonma Richd ei BS" [A sind of tbe sina law of he LY Symyx Vista, See Zesi UOXXT, Tt on 9: 8. “a Mie 35, 5: Mr Haan, tama mo eA Vieoanese iti ig Lf eo fw e e 82 ‘sone 80 7 hid, Oder is in his sre we: "Rakoden mpl o ss" [A sloinay suey on the rolamation of te acing River pln, ‘lan Als Kegé 17. 1 Uae 1979 3-37 sods Kog deus ata ‘Sin (Phe Hong River pun inh ents cna), Tan AJ Kenge 17 Pisch 1980s 597534. Sarl har alo pubes sever ade Taedownerhip in Vita ring tepid fom he fifteen ont ira, hp 29758 1B Ins pis 14, 0. i Wolers, “Kier ‘Hindu the Seven Century’ a ‘ay Stat Ate RB Sih and W Watson (NY rnd Kala Limp Oxford Univesity Pres, 1973), pp. 427-42, 0. W. Wolters, Fiery Coton and Regen In Sutent haan Perec (Singspore! [site of Soheut Ate Sten 198), pp 515 15. For mote dal aout ths and ht following acoson ofthe tenth century, See KW. Tayo, The Bir af Vian (Berkeley Utes f Calo Pres 1983), pp. 23495. 6.1 seonly spect Ue; se KW. Ty, "The Twelve Low in ‘eaih-Ceatry Victor! of South an Sle 14,1 (March Ses) Sah 17, Tol Bt, pp. 288 92. 14, Ngo StL (ie), Da Maja na A RAE | i The Vietnam Forum 12 116 to) 7896 Banko tx, area TD, LS. 13, Misa Kenwatary, "Rsh to 86 on tak” [Relations been ‘he Ly syst md he Sang) In Beoname Cane Kaa (istry ‘Merona atone tetyots Vielum end Choa, Yamato Toro (oy, 1973), yp oe, 120. See Ma Tuning as) Wen ben Cg [LAI (Hang cto 1899, 30903 ‘Trin Vin Gp "Le Bouddhinme x Aman’, Balan de ete ange fut Ore 32 (1982) 21647 Pay pis wand p28, 25. Tayo Bt 355. 24, Tae Vie Gig “Bouin, 217 m1. 25. Kenj Tomlin, “Beonann no mask 2k Tas no Koo sooo cnger" (Chl mdm, the leomer Viewamere matic "pei Sense and eg) Tina Ala Keng 17, 1 Gane 1979) 4598 26. Tua Vin Gilg "Bootie. 317.0. 27. Ry years ag, Ten Vin Ci dai the txt a “BB. EF, A sia" id, 9 01) T can ad no evidnce that thi text comely {rable oe Vista 28: ad praia 530: Keqoeth Cen, Budd In China (Princeon, 1972), pp 313-2, 31, Tah Via Gig "Bouddane’, ps 32. The fans mie monks Khng 1 and Ge Hi were lid ty ‘oi VE Ng ao To Dig cs ap 8 2254, "V0 The Dna end Rie ec iy pp. 294 35, 34 The Thee pace Venta, and Lge empler mere tected at eres mes wit both te VB Nga Thing and Vintaac “sec. The ‘icin tonple wae coca teen time with both the Tha Daeg saa Vi Nein Thing “oct The Kha gute onple wa nance tern int wi al ie “nc SS tai 9 I9t 36. Th, th Sh, and 16; enabling lesan repaaons fr the ‘mo 1010 ay 1619 by Lj Cg Ui aed 025 by Page MET 258u and Vt ge [22 Show sn ko eg | Pe | (Fai 196: eater VBL), 210 che convening of “wht sees” (Leng y Ly Pa Mn 1040 and} Nt Ton 156 37. Tn Vin Gulp “Botham. 253 40. Tia, p28. 41, Haj Sanh Tange & The Haag of Vatnamene Pot (ow fiat and London: Ye Univey Pre 1999118 "42. Tin Vin Gy, Bowsisne, p20, . . ‘25 Ie. p28 280,258 On King Land ike HE oe alo abe sam hich ul Stiga, 1961, pp. 5.38 of Chee tex “sg Ip 28s 45. Ia” 258 TT, rise, 46 Trl Vin Gig "Boathone’, p58 49: I. 240 perhaps bys expesion Ton Vin Gisp i ‘ering the poston tne he “Eh pp 23838. The Vieinam Forum 12 3” 1. i, 9-202 : 53: RiSS§ 8p, re, 2160 On Dae He se ao Lin co, china on SRE Vin ip, Bowe” p. 204 53a. 53. asp at 5a: pe 55 Mp 2s 2a $e, Tas Gi “aonen’ r. 2647. 35 Ta pe 00 Se, mas ee 35 ds 200 0: mats Prat | SO Net ibin Ts hime a bon mtd for peng “wall nos ep 2 Tr 21% rn ba Gh Ta date 63. So te ve 6.1 Baie 67. 1 2a 62,14 27h 3m Tr asin SO Be 2 HE 33h Ta Ty Sib 23 ak 31 hat, 48, Meas Tee, Dal Kans Se Toyo: Shs Bas, 1966 ey 5aat Nuc apn (gh cna, ude a were aired te a eu oon etd td ats in ope evar mere ey “ec ‘Sat nd yee forth comiy™ Se ids 3.80 are seer oo Ihe dn is pre ram ned Chin Keng for ths bern. ie Meise, 5 13; Upon dwt 1015, Bo Com Me was hoo a hi ng 2by aa Be Mott Site attr ate BTR ia Pie mame fas rer eon th Bais gon snd as we hve seay ml prey comued Que a Thing HE ‘MEaas ny ef Boon in Vc 1: ee noe NSE aay ttwce Lin me meron s $6. TT Sa and VOL, 2150, 87TH 376 48 Movohaci, Dat Kane Sen, 3:13 49. 11 3 sa The Vietnam Forum 12 FHSS nn mien noe tg a set ees at ee thts Sienna aeeas Fe ctnme yan BEES cae oe 1 ER om am Sane ee ne wate ne 15 RE SoanRsaiis a Mannan, wisest oa ce ES is abtden dats et ee 1 EE an reat SEE aS {22 Guar Daou Le na Bed eth ens, 168) 14 TH, Baan 13s. TE 34,358, i : a8 1s, a 32 Be Bs. 136. The pal code draft in 1042 by the “srt Ure sav seoTT, 236 1a) sons to tke te nignfemce mor how De The Vietnam Forum 12 2 penonaly of Phit Mi and preparation fr military oiizaon than From any Tonge poly for sdminisering jc fd if tere at ‘ich «Dg ms dons penal ade apd Beyond the sre tet dca ‘aby oe cae 137” VBULT. 7a, 138. Tr, 2136 159! Seb gue 1 above. 10, TF Base 1A ou, a. 142 Th 25 143, YUL Sa, 148: YOULT, 236256 HS. YOULT, 4, 146. WSL. Tits and a, 143. 235m bao, A review article ‘THE LE CODE: LAW IN TRADITIONAL VIETNAM A COMPARATIVE SINO.VIEINAMBSE LEAL STUDY WIT nISTORICAL JURIDICAL ANALYSIS AND ANNOTATIONS by Nguyéa Nooc Huy ond Te Vén Ta withthe coperution of ‘Trin Vin Lat for Ue translation. Athens {nd London’ Ohio University Presa 1987.3 volumes. Vol pp. $288 Val I-36; Va Ie pp. 263. Tables, appendons, sketch, logy, lontnry, index. Hardcover KW. Taylor ‘The publication of Unis work has been eagerly awaited by specialists of Vietnam, and it is clear that expectations Ihave not been disappsinted. These three volumes not only provide a readable translation of the Penal Code of Law of the Lé dynasty as it took form in the fifteenth century and Dat they research aids for analysing the relationship of Vietnamese law to Chinese law. ‘The first volume eontains an introduction under three hhoadings: “A brif logal history of Vietnam’, "Preparation and organization of the work’, and "Special features of the Lb code"; the rest of the first volume it taken up by the translation itself. The second volume contains annotations to the eode; the annotations include comparisons with other Vietnamese and Chinese law codes, references to episodes recorded in the annals and in other Vietnamese works that throw light upon legal provisions, discussions of tecondary literature, and expositins of problems in translating terms and defining legal concepts. ‘The third volume contains "tables of conversion” between the L& code and the codes of the Tang, Ming, and Ching dynasties of China as well as the Nguyén dynasty of nineteenth-century Vietnam it also contains forms for certain legal acts: parents! testament, property distribution among brothers and/or sistors, mort ge sale of riceland or ponds, sale of and or ponds, loan fontract, covenant of serf emancipation, and bost sale o The Vietnam Forum 12 6 agreement; this volume alo contains bibliography loveay, and an index, all well done and sable he there slit of Vitnameserulere, and also drawings of seventeonthveentiry Vietnamese metropolitan ie Dat were blahed in the early eighteenth centary in London with nmeol Baron's dscipten ofthe contr. "Tne meticulous comparative anaysis clearly docu ant tho datinctive Vienamere character of the Lé sede Ofte 728 arises in the code, nt more than 200 reveal de ternal inluonce from te Fang code end only 17 from the Sing In ther introduction, the authors provide an anal $e the dati atarr th nd Thyd oo ie ‘The first general conclusion is that the Lé code adopted ‘many’ provisions of public law appropiate to-a mafern anlion sat’ This atertin isa bk bacure nthe abenee Stany clear definition of what constitutes a vmodern Soon sate’: bat, judging from the introduction, i meme thatthe authors bse their sbervaian upon wal eppeat tobe provisions inthe cade that prescribe strtor complies {ith norms of ebedionee to authors than ean be found in Ghinene cole and a judicial system exempliiing organi ‘atonal principles and procedural enter with grester Unilari to sme modo legal theorie and practices then {Ein be found in China ‘The ide of relatively strict standards of abedienes to authority in premedern Vietnam being understood at ei dence forthe beginning af "modern nation-rate sm tay entiation the wenkest part ofthe analy. There are foar parts tothe esthors argument: provisions “ory the paramount ponition of the emperar by ensuring the tmperor® personal security and establishing preventive Seanurer Sguine treason, tedition, and rebelion ‘standards for, and restrictions on, the beh nto of population through the maintenance of Tecinters and enforsing norms of moral behavior Snong the village people, aswel x provisions dining the iegl status of and enforcing yal txhavion among ethnic Iinortes and preventing the mingling sf foreigners wth the Vietnamese people this pint in taken by the authors au tvidence of “tne ear emergence in Vietnam ofthe concept Ot nationality and natonstate and the iden of nation alam and. provision for "an fisient military appar tas" and enforcing ati Manderde of dscpline during . ‘The Viet Forum 12 military campaigns (this point is taken by the authors as exemplifying the tradition of a strong and diceiplined mil itary organization" that "has been the hallmark of Vietnam since independence from China in 939" and has made Viet ram “the Prussia of Southeast Asia). In all ofthese areas, Vietnamese law is more detailed and stringent than Chi nese law. There may be other ways to interpret these differ. fences without introducing an intrusive and poorly-dfined ‘model of modernity oF a superficial and unkistorieal com- parison of martial prowess. A historian would probably find 22 more convincing explanation in the trauma of the Ming ‘ccupation, which immediately preceded compilation of the Le code, as well as the geovstrategic imperatives and poli ical contradictions of governing a relatively small king. ddom on the border of the Chinese empire, "The organization of the judiciary into separate crim. inal, civil, and tax (Wo name the most visible) courts, the rep. aration of functions between prosecutor and judge, and pro. fedural rules governing arrest, detention, tral, and use of evidence are all cited by the authors as refletiong distine- tive Vietnamese legal practice that are comparable with "modern judicial systems". This line of analysis is carried further in the second general conclusion, that the Lé code “brought into life concepts and rules which may be seen a functionally equivalent to those of modern Western civil law". The authors peint out that in Vietnam the concept of| vil, as opposed to merely eriminal, Inw was more devel: ‘oped than in China, in particular to guarantee protection of Drivate interests. For example, the law of contracts nullified contracts based on coercion, provided for formal regis: tration of contracts, and specified a statute of limitations; the ‘authors diseern features equivalent to modern contract law concepts in provisions about guarantors for debt, mortgage ‘sales, and rent. Regarding the law of torts, the Lé code Lnguishes between eriminal and civil liability and appl both kinds of liability to eases of property loss, bodily injury, ‘and death; provision was made for both compensatory and nitive damages in the case of property lss; compensation ‘applied to death as well as bodily injury; compensation was provided for "moral damage” (ie. to reputation); and rep: specified for enserfing a person. In the ares of property law, relatively high attention was given to land use and ownership; acquisition by occupation or adverse posses- ‘The Vietnam Forum 12 6 sion was provided for as was a system of recording land rights, Inberitance law recognized the freedom of a testator ta dispose of an estate without restraint in the case of in. tastate succession, equality among male and female heirs was recognized; furthermore, the right of children to own property and setup separate households during their parents lifetime was recognized. A woman had the right to remarry it neglected by her husband, and she had the right to sue in Court. Matrimonial property vights were recognized on the basis of equality between husband and wafe. This analysie fontains many clues about how Vietnamese roiety differed from Chinese society. What significance one might draw from the authors’ desire to link the Lé code with "modern concepts of law is unclear ‘The "brief historical introduetion contains a few li chés based on conventional Confucian historiography, in particular the idea that the Lf and Trin dynastie fentralized bureaucratic states and that the Confucian-style tivil service examination system dates from the Ly dy nasty. Yet, the introduction also contains an excellent dis ‘eussion about dating the Lé code and useful references to specific Tegal practices. However, the chief value of this ‘work les not inthe historical interpretations and analytical conclusions contained in the introduction but in the trans lation itself with al ofthe accompanying research tools: the tannotations, the tables of comparisons, the glossary, and the index work is an achievement that will endure. It is an indispensable reforence for anyone engaged in the study of Vietnamese history and culture. It is also a testament to Vietnam's historic participation, with China, Korea, and Sapan, in the larger Confucian cultural world he Hope College (This he sigtyrevied version of an arte fst publi inte lear of Seats Asan Stain vol 19, mo | (Mach 1988). Ie ‘apie here hy psmion of eis) DEUX FEMMES JALOUSES: HERMIONE ET HOAN THU COMPARES Pham Thi Qué Je me propose de ie une unde compart ela jas mnie 8 ‘es les lttatures classique fang tveiamiene. Les exempes| els ne sont ps nombreux dan a Uiratue vitamiene, sas pour Fepogue dela fin uI8tine siete a debt da 19tns, n peut en Cher de: Tun! ne mérite meme pas ure mention, ean peine es ‘est dans dx Yer, et Tau, unique en sn ene, et por pe. {ction pr la mnsiase analy dat es Tobe. Ces sur ce coe ‘samp que va pote mene, Ton vient be demande pourguot es rivals wietnaunins fs saien i peu de cas de In alone, passion ahrente A Tamour, alos (quits aint soaveat amour aver sublet dleatese Lara SOnen et sinpl t repos sla diehoome reat cee Ia aloe tn semen comme lgitime dans Tesptocidental nds quelle est ‘ualifie de mesqine dan la mental rina ete devat pase ‘er Lest da prfat genome, Elle cit méme inet Par Ia ‘nl confuesenn ot asa par des soe aus graves qui poate trainer pou Ia ferme répiato, Les Hives eanoriues mtonent ‘des excmples opie de femmes vetaeuses dont a prernsre quale ‘ait do n Cue pas Jalouse. On eta souvent le cas de Tépouse dro ‘Vin Vase (aynas des Chou) ql eat generease covers les cnc bins et vat permis forms ror davoirune nombyewe progéne, ondion importance pamordale por la coninuté du nom ct de a face Ilme somble naturel que louse condamnée pr i morale, sit trai dea irate noble eats de Faq csi "Cependant jen’ asl elena amer chez a Ferme ovien- tale det semtimnde sone iffrent do eox gu animes la emce ‘cent. La ate buaine es patout Tamme, ela jlusie ex ‘ov les mames ravages en ecient qin Orient, cers Gs posses {du méme démmon, Lise reales chitimentsavoces gus fs imp rates de Chie, au cts de ler Epos, fase sbi aux concubines {ul ais jou de la faveur mpi ine eter viva a fave ‘Sins la meme suture que Tempore dtu, conformereny 3 er rire volo’ de clu apes avov dtigure ay vinaigre de pear ‘be, dans Fadel elle ne pit encore user de ses charmes. ine a6 ‘oma save ive J dts de pore, ps ave coupe es pods et es mans, The Vietnam Forum 12 6 ‘Une chanson viewamicae, ileus, consacre la jalouie un e3- saotrelgiie: “Gel pment ne erat ppt? (Qua onme ne seat poe den mi? (Gee cam vive vrata re ‘ale one mie esr pu sje Xe jue ‘convient copendant de dante mon Eide oi a pour objet de ‘maize en paral Ie comportement de Hoan Th, personne dro: ‘aan Kim Vin Kila t celui dum personage de Racine dans la wage (he Andromgue, Hermione Tai coi ces deux exempes parce quis présenen une sili de sination: Hermione, pncesepreegut fate Pyrus, guts dé Ins pour epouser Andromagus Han Tad, file de hase dgnitaie, strié The Sinh, ui lu pretere Kid. ‘Dans Ie care dime mo props de voi comment I morse «spar constquent,Féducaiion repue peavent avo dinuence sue eiportement des gens, Comment es considatons dy rang social ct. (ihglen dion ariventfrgr une seconde nature gu ips 9 Tiedvido une ligne de confit ngecabl sux yu da monde, a fae ‘agit une personne diffrent de ee quelle eal stele cai a0 Impulsion do sentient, quite 3 boul de rage imiewement. Ces, teeas de Hoan Th dont ia lousi ocupe une place importante dans Fauve de Nguyén Du. Dai la premitesllsion gi ur et ate a ‘qu la faite de a svale, Ku, on compe 353 vers su les 3254 ers ‘Ss roman, sits einguitine pate, sans compu es 28 ver de lear der intr rencontre Lasteurprenat un soin particulier do la pcsenter {blo ct desous a vrson de Rent Cay De ile man How, let led shat mini on ve Hoan Tal al son nom: Sins le de he Si, ep ends mde, tn ie pr on ase ds pas be ut eis oats eit ou de ‘adc ne ctr coves Gn pnp parte pcan, tp ps ena, le a ngs Gendt vr? (Generac 3862.74 Kn Via Kil 1509153) ‘Une version de Ful Shmidr du mine pase di a ae ae eae epee pon i ve, mi Sten hor ate non mt (Seine 30) CCestbion eal Gominant carte de Hoan Te spt ‘ey comvenacss tds pps. De sa pesone deg une soe spire rie exile. Cee tna coma, a bessé Gen port dans granes anes cs prc sane leur ee 6 ‘The Vietnam Forum 12 ore femme ion, it spent erty cer mote pene Se agement (Gund an ee nin et dill mone, ie reso non ie protons dee que fon prvi, gouty elo i expe (dlian pls pun ewe remeber. ‘Mai Tet pr au ei, vous eae, Ain abies od ingest main” (Cngan, 3754-3762 KVR, 9-18-2848) ‘ia ad la premonition des malt ie Ii rserve Faure tit carci de Hoan Th la dssimulation, qualité ca fant, selon in teretation qu Ton veut bien donner het at de manger ss son- timens et de reser male de so, Aman avis, es putt une qualité sécensaire dans certincs ciconsanes: Hoan Thy e et jamal dé ‘ate des ignite de Son cle ede so sare, pric 8 te grande malas de st ‘Mais pour ire une fm a-esss da vlgnie ele West pas moins ‘uj a alos La vol en pros cet pasion fatale, ql la Je ‘ore Jour e rut comme tous es commun meres Depaul svat que ear magiiqae ‘ei dle joe a joan ome ‘San ea qt vou nate dae snc, glen eva give los pane mee ‘Solve mora conae eps lage ‘gute pn es oe ee Hes, (Creme, safe Ts VK, 18 30) Lajos qi pote Hermione, erp par Cone, sa con Aiden, et pour fe moins comparable: “Vous envoys em sea nom dAnomus, ‘so saa asp e pow eo {ue Ps i rear vou oor (Anaromage IV, 20 1SUI136) Malgé sa rand cole, Hogn Th conserve tout sa uci i sonne en considation de sn ang de femme egitim, done supérieure Sarat: "i lit avo ut et x dfalance, pt dus jew dean wees ‘retailer ‘re peor cote free, ‘ot go on ine Caspian” Crayon AME SHDSERVK, wy, 1530.1840) De wees eomdeatns pe sien amas venues Yespet Her sion On drat quelle sont sponte chez une femme orientale, ‘hte ATs polygamie,autoriste pr Te concept milena du con lansme. Kid, de son OL, ses "esignde” davance soit "la tm ‘The Vietnam Forum 12 o tee faut, habits lle aussi a rari impos parla fae n ferme inline ot alsonable, ee art vouly enn a ‘Suton de seconde ferme pr Taccord a femme legitime, en pous Sant Thc inh ringrer le foyer conjugal fire Fave de eur son, caigant este raison les repress ulicures, Ter sere ‘ei cue eonnd de Hoan Th Ele dic The Sia Assit anche ee, arenge-voxs Bien ese sas oe fe ee, tt, ot sre finely Fepouse eine ayant ria fat "egg 3 on sor Je my contre "Gangs, 5818 5" RV, 18101812) Revenons Hoan Tt, Dates consiération Ia eeanen d@aler anand jou sacole: "Be ive u pit de meaner ote seria daoqus comme puss {2 Sjunion due eer ase?” Toss, 0343097 RV, v. 1Se18e2) lea Wené Le mot ee quelle raigna pls que tou, cet de tice a répattion de femme louse, Cela surat fait "pend la ace 9c a gt” et et exposte 3 ate des gns, Ma ello we pow vaitnon pls ser fare sans agi On sprite indian” edit} es exces, ‘sepa Joe a pat fay ees ce efetngesiieeOn Specs tr Fae fhigemt rom vl fst neem By en! ements lew tren i se rae af (Sehnsidr, .247, VK,» 15431846) Pour ce qui ext delaras, Hogs Ti neces en ron aux pus fas suratges. On le vera parla suite. Quant In disimutation, ele est, ste malue dans cet a. ce qu fait quelle done Ioujur a si Sion. En cel elle difee de teancoup Hermione qui est wansparete “ans sa joe comme dan s cole; et iarive que Clone est oblage ‘arte sa maltese dans ses anspor ar ce conse “Dissimale™ (Andromagu I, 3, 888). Hermione vee regret dlr: "itu pisjod ma jo abandner on el” (hotomage, I, 857) Das a ste saint, dul st maladie en envoys rive apy "Si fat cir yu i pet mus qu os (Garona HL 8) esi gui satift pou fe moment son amour propre vengs, nas ‘ombien dangerex plsqia permis’ Andromague de reaver as tution. Hoan Ti, place, s sora garde dane ele mprence ‘out ex cakeul cher Hoan Th pour atver ses fins. Le qt I went apes cole et a vengeance, et cet sr Ki qule rele 8 " The Vietnam Forum 12 son “compte”, Ele calele ses chances de és et pear le hii ‘mont ql iigera ax complces: “Ure oa desu tive abe pr, lene pat Feist atop Sesangrn in four oe jm ne pee ‘on qi feb ope de comin: ur quis comansnt ee oument su eels ‘pei eal met [eps dct eve Ine ‘Gegen,v- 906 3913; RVR, 167-1580) 1 on rave Hormone et son pla de vengeance: Dereon ues portable fone presnsgoigo psi ler Se imports efoto namo ‘Reno ler nee alee ft sul (beep, ue ila ep” (aodtonagee ese 4) ide de rendre ln pac, de fire sutra et dans la pense desde femmes ates. Hoga The dita sa mee “tases ree x lng dans Phd! fat {apt wre ot aig dat Tajston et qv sack co gue eat gar sar Dard anni a aban cote ess El jon ri fate file ontone gaara ave (Seber, p 257 AVR, 16171600) Separr ls complies et as Tintion dominant dans les eu pans de vengeance (a sel dférece side dans left que Hoan Th, Plus sub dane la crass, sul finer suppiic des coupables: [ils soutfrent ee séprés moalement par des baits sociales, e ‘he, peesents Tun evant ute is ne pusent sera. ‘Pour Hermione, la met scale pourrait spares Pyrihus @Ando- rmague tele yout quas moment mine de ete saraton dfn tive ele arate plas dees empécter dese voir "oa pad vengr motive om je ream rt ag pre yor rene spin t mar ler ps gr, ‘eCachr mais au “siromages IVs» 260-260) ‘Chez os eae fms, a veageancs est done wut ptt. Hog Tt sled tf Seon ce Sot ape ma man” (Ghomc, wT 1915: RV, 1352) ‘Une analogs approche ces deux vers celui qui cauoane Fexplo- son de fare chez Heine: T The Vieam Forum 12 ® Va cour, mais eins coor dy wove Hemsione™ {tga IV, Ss, 1388) Alors que chez Hermione toot setsiorse, etl joe, ta fuer, 1 la menace, tut est dssimulaion chez Hogn Th qi las es rive de ss dessins mach Fotos Ye aun ai ‘ass sour even er comme, (Caps, 300 985, RVI. 159-1554) Et pour donner Io change 8 Son entourage et coaper court aux “comméages, elle pnisaitsverement deux petsnnes venves our ‘ul domer des ouves du mart vols Le deem, vee Su via portent ave dats rape dane compe, La ose i sane te vile clerk hve Cer ees tn ‘en dos mensonges pur exter e monde Mom ea We at fomee es ates. De els jogos sont sratment le fa de San At le ae non norte ef. (Gehmeer, 29; KVK, v. 18551562) Ee e main juan si sus ett conga, ‘healt esa uj aps Ce exit dio gg she, * (Grape, 39463985, KVR, 13651560) ‘Cee aide deme apparent ct sora nile cteur se de- imande si ele est vlment louse En veal, c'est que la clee Ia tea ele oullonne de rage en soa ime “Mase fon dat demerit on vise, tls cole ate ur onents so (Cenpan, «3986-9817 VK 167) Surceseaefites, The Sith ava au foyer. Au ie de éveser suri laraner accumu, elle lu it tonne fe: “Tent fein: exintrent lear oe des eo, snr ‘niente leur Sam Leura sable ever poe {ne i on Por ene oss evo, me “Sher, p25; RV, , 15601571) outs Hoga Tv son sigma a, Tea lero eet nr (Grane, 939682907, EVES 17) ‘Ainsi The Sin av iu de sie le Conseil 8 Kila 8 pas sé wove riot Then pet out stoner 4 ons, 1 Ser fond ews ‘Spent gud nbs nd 0s The Vietnam Forum 12 The Vietnam Forum 12 1 Hogn Thu confionte Tate Sinh et Kibué lo pagode de Kouan Yin. n The Viewam Forum 12 Wen ls jngeh pen are wes pa opie, can tustopt ar mon ea? Nuleet (Grays, 3972398: KVK, 919731579) Hoan Th, de 0 e0te, "Téourdscait oujours par une sake fei" st esa de seal confine, afi quelle espe {si pas ax bles des ges, car elle ne vulic s "ne ge aa on” (Generac, 4007 KV 158) tote "wn aces ea a age” (Carts. a RVR, 1585) ‘Ainsi anges passa sans que Thc inh et cal courage bor. er toute expleation et Gouri son cr "Nous avons au moment obs deux femmes meunt hexfcuon sear plan de vengeance, et B encore Sra resemblance, Tandis que Hogn Thu prend son temps (le at attendee moment ‘opportun avec une patience tout astigue), Hermione est peste, os [IU Racine est bouscule parla ele des unset paricliteement Font de emp: "Mais, epee our, pus Andromaque™ ‘istomagee IV. 3». 110). Hermione, aller, ne veut ps diférer sa vengeance, A Oreste ui propose depart je ne veux pas si loin power de tls affonts See "Selanne shonmen sae a — EEE eho tae Sco aside pe saree Se cena SI ee tient a oe moni rica sc gine sled Ta ane a a SoetTilats picie tiga Niweoete nee oes ere oer fe T The Vietnam Forum 12 B ‘Avec Hogn Tht prenons le chemi eps lng, pusgulle ne se pee ys t parce qi et ages qe le eters inform end ‘Gtcommen es choses se pase. “gn Thu, done, aux premiers isons de Fautomne,devanant le ase Tae Sin aller ean amare qui avait ste 3 Lint “ih ben mon ii prs Fane mane tite, (Lins sour ser ie vse ves pe ‘convient ps gue vous ait ev, Posie ee, nt ious vos devs Teper, mii 2 mo, dan fe reno, ‘ou niommer Gest slo exter?" (Gegrany 40-403 KYK, 9. 15991600) “Thc Siah ne se Bt padre dear fois It saat sue son cheval et rit Hogn Ti, de sn cine pedal pas son temp. le se rent. ‘inst ex ea meee a racomta ote la waison da maces ‘ons chagrin olla angen Danang come ge st oui te snt pn hint sot, de mares chi. Thame fom ma per mot woe ps din ‘ever, s ce pot ul ne nape ‘Selmer Come apace (Genus, KV, 160.2611) ‘A sa mate seule elle fet des confidences: a joule Maat comme cos insupportbles acts de gal, out en convenant gue cen {at as conforme aux benetances de e mote louse Ele await Fe gagné fired sednes 3 son mars et Ete couvir de home et SS prtreleme la fable dex gent Cest porque ermal es Yeux pour fe moment, Satan pss quelle avait labor€ un plan des Pius paras "Por lr Lit pe ton ae dose, ‘ane en fran a he un moi ener de ot shonin de Teas condatSeteent ftpenet 49 ree on easaey moss de emp, rpc ce bel wae eign oe, ou pouion apr te ng, ie: us fn emerges ges ech os, Sf Fpl ls eo ie ot pings ide mspponer Pate ‘Grgene 4ote40Hse VK 16151616) Plan gue la dame “grand tort noble” pprowa, et oteft dons ‘pourTexéoation de dntoiqe roe Kika, encom par un marco, Fat elev, sa mason ble On pet soin deter dans Tncendi wt ‘ave gu peat au bord del vere Le vie pce de Th Sia, gui ‘emeurat non loin de accor avers dmestiges, mais is Wa fivkreu pr mals I feu qu asi toot A la on amas Is esements gut lisentcoie que Kio avait pt ans le sini, ‘Quand Tae Sin ft de recur, les obstgues avant 6 fates, et ” The Vietnam Forum 12 ous las inginer ede da jeune home “Gund Kis ov Nee els danse ali. A pine cede ‘spi cs exits quel regi Torte de vei se pesca devant ine, tie dame, On iit waversr de vastes paces eee nu bot, gles Ki vic cactres dos sure ron: “Mandarin du Coa, Freier Mine Dan nelle Ge do crest, we dog gai ao mea dun it ines de mares prseses Ele incnegn Kis surson rg et son past C8 quia ene fe ponitg {ou Ronee La oute Saban ne Fat as ples once que, Dares van on hut aye I cee se, atic mi fv et Cate feame i sa be hn nt cmporements te don mo Ue pS, {Event de dsc’ nin dts ais Specie cs Gu ‘5 tomo lw ma fine ude (Gitoac, tsa, RVR TEE 1730) oa Ta Sm eat gh Ss le desma, ej ge ot er harp Els ot Ta eg ‘one woven ene ne prt To fi vende che ‘eect nce aus eee He en fe hat din tinh smn ca PP Ger p ST KVR, 1731173 Ain sabatt sr la pauee Kiel chitiment imi, Apts quoi, on convert son ne eu de Fler Esc el age de serangeren snp erent dans a dames ‘Un Jor que Hoga Ths rena en vite cc sa me, la ae ‘njigita Flu Esclae fare de sure file pour la scvir ena ‘i camérste, Vol Kid charge’ de oi sans pour stant tanger be

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