ABSTRACT

A circuit for battery charging includes an SCR that is periodically

gated on for a duration corresponding to the state of charge of the
battery, being gated on for a duration corresponding to the state of
charge on the battery being the gated for only a short interval when
the battery is essentially fully charged to keep it charged. The
conduction angle is determined from the open circuited battery
potential and the previous charging history of the battery obtained
from potential sensing circuits. A pedestal and cosine modified ramp
circuit triggers the SCR’s through capacitors with a resistor inter
coupling the SCR gate and cathode electrodes. Circuitry prevents the
uni-polar junction transistor in the latter circuit from remaining
latched on. A potential circuit for determining the rate of charge
includes a resistor connected to the output terminal that is bypassed
when the average value of the signal connected on the collector of the
transistor having the base connected to the output terminal having a
predetermined value. Diodes inter-couple the SCR’s and the emitter
of the latter transistor for providing operating potential to the circuits
and the starting charging current to the output terminal when a
connected battery is fully discharged.

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 INTRODUCTION
The battery is charged with small amount of AC voltage or DC voltage. So if
you want to charge your battery with AC source then should follow these steps,
we need first limit the large AC voltage, need to filter the AC voltage to remove
the noise, regulate and get the constant voltage and then give the resulting
voltage to the battery for charging. Once charging is completed the circuit
should automatically turned off.

1.1. Block Diagram of Battery Charger Using SCR:

The AC source is given to the step down transformer which converts the large
AC source into limited AC source, filter the AC voltage and remove the noise
and then give that voltage to the SCR where it will rectify the AC and give the
resulting voltage to the battery for charging.

PROBLEM DEFINITION AND OBJECTIVE

The “Battery Charger Using SCR” is very safe and reliable over normal
charger. The stability of the circuit is high. There is gradual decreasing of
current according to the load of battery. The design is tough and durable. It
shows a very low variation of output voltage versus input voltage. There is full
charge time optimisation along with full automatic operation. Although very
economic these chargers have very important features including quality of dc
output signal, full rate power and quick adjustment. The control circuit protects
your battery surcharge and limits the output current under short circuit
conditions.

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 IMPLEMENTATION
1. The operation of the charge controller circuit is explained in this
section. The charge controller circuit will charge the 12 V
battery until the battery gets its full terminal voltage.
2. The charge controller changes from normal charging mode into
the tickle charging mode when the full terminal voltage (full
charge) of the battery is reached.
3. In the tickle charging mode the battery is slowly charged. The
charging of the battery is totally cut off by the OVERCHARE
PROTECTION CIRCUIT so that overcharging can be avoided.
circuit, the charge controller circuit can be modified to charge
the battery up to high level of charging current.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 CIRCUIT OPERATION
1. An automatic battery charger circuit using SCR is implemented in this
project. It can be used to charge 12V batteries. Batteries with different
potentials like 6V and 9V can also be charged by choosing appropriate
components. The working of the circuit is as follows.
2. The AC supply is converted to 15V DC with the help of transformer and
bridge rectifier and the Green LED is turned on. The DC output is a
pulsating DC as there is no filter after the rectifier.
3. This is important as SCR stops conducting only when the supply voltage
is 0 or disconnected from supply and it is possible only with pulsating
DC.
4. Initially, SCR1 starts conducting as it receives a Gate voltage via R2 and
D5. When SCR1 is conducting, 15V DC will flow through the battery and
the battery starts to charge. When the charge on the battery is almost full,
it opposes the flow of current and the current starts to flow via R5.
5. This is filtered with C1 and when the potential reaches 6.8V, Zener ZD1
starts conducting and supplies enough Gate voltage to SCR2 to turn it on.
6. As a result, the current flows through SCR2 via R2 and SCR1 is turned
off as both gate voltage and supply voltage are cut off. The Red LED is
turned on indicating a full charge on the battery.

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SCOPE OF PROJECT:
1) Switches large levels of current using only a small control current.

2) Can switch high voltages.

LIMITATIONS:
1)SCRs capable of handling greater than 600 V may be hard to find. Though SCRs rated at
voltages as high as 8000 V can be manufactured.

2)Though SCRs rated at currents as high as 4000 A can be manufactured.

APPLICATIONS:
1) Adjustable motor speed controllers.
2)Adjustable light dimmers.
3) Switching power supplies and battery chargers
4) Inverter
5) Charge Controller Circuit.

COMPONENT LIST AND PRICE:

Sr no. Components Quantity required Price(in rupees)

1 Step down 1 80
transformer
2 Diodes 4 8
3 Resistors 5 4
4 SCR 2 70
5 Potentiometer 1 8
6 Led 1 5
7 Capacitor 1 5
Total: 180 Rs

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