Thanks to Kihong Ku

Bryson, Shane
Focht, Scott
CONTENTS:

[1.0] Curtain Competition

[1.1] Shane Bryson Curtain Competition
[1.2] Scott Focht Curtain Competition
[2.0] Responsive Facade: Wall-Flower
[2.1] Precedant Studies
[2.2] Conceptual
[2.3] Environmental and User Control
[2.4] Mechanics and Reactivity
[2.5] Structure
[2.6] Arduino Processing
[2.7] Interior and Exterior Experience
 Open Closed

Conceptual
[1.1] InitialDevelopment
Reaction Diagrams
Response
Project
to Movie
Goals
 Curtains in their natural state are free flowing and
organic. Typically they respond to environmental
conditions such as wind and sun. In this project,
a curtain is much more than a free flowing piece
of fabric. In Curta[in]teraction fabric is used to
not only be a separator of space but also a re-
sponsive element to the inhabitants of the space.
As someone approaches the curtain an infrared
sensor is tripped thus setting a servo motor into
action which then pulls the curtain and reveals an
opening to which the person can walk through.
This idea of opening and closing of curtains al-
lows spaces to grow and shrink, and also creates
a sequence of entries and exits.

Open Closed

Conceptual
[1.1] CurtainDevelopment
Responsiveness
Model Project
Photographs
Goals
 SHANES PROJECT

[1.1] Interactive Curtain Proposal

Interaction With User
MindCurtain.
Scott Focht

Mutations within the System

• The changing of the structure of a gene, resultingin a variant
form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations

An unexpected transformation that changes the flow of events

(in this case, everyone benefits from the mutation)

Concept based off plot development from the film “The City of Lost Children”

[1.2] Conceptual Development

What?

Curtains applied to glazing as an instillation on a facade

Why?

Curtains will improve building’s energy performance and overall comfort within the interior

How?

Users directly manipulate the curtains based on their current state of mind (users are the mutation);
mood within the building revealed on building’s exterior

Why?

Controlling the threshold to a room (window, door) can project different sensations within the interior

How?

Utilizing the properties of the curtain (flexibility, opacity, lightness)

Project Goals
 Screen acts as a daylighting tool
Summer months: When sun is present = shades go down, when sun is not present = shades go up
Winter months: When sun is present = shades go up, when sun is not present = shades go down

[1.2] Physical Process

Sun = curtains down No Sun = curtains up

Application on Facade
 Transparency with Enclosure Tension = Gaps and Reveals

Stretching = Bends Relaxation = Enclosure

The screen adapts to user preferences; Over time has the ability to anticipate user comfort based of previous inputs

[1.2] Interior Adaptations

Transformative street side facade

Active Facade
Wall-Flower
An Interactive Architectural Facade
 Wall-Flower

How we interact with the objects and architecture around

us is quickly changing. The advancement of technology
and automated computer systems has brought us to a point
where everything we do revolves around pushing a button
or looking at a screen. So why can’t this technology make
its way into architecture? The answer is: it can, and it will as
we move further into the future. The goal of this project is
to create a façade system that can interact with not only the
people who inhabit the building, but also with the exterior
and interior environment. This is an experiment to see how
architecture, industrial design, and the world of computer
processing can blend to make one comprehensive structure.
Interactive architecture is the next big step to creating more
personalized, efficient, and better functioning buildings and
no longer will architecture be so static and bound by the
limits of unresponsive constructions.

[2.0] Responsive Facade: Wall-Flower

• User presence + reactive display = experience

• Increase energy efficiency & user comfort

• Harvest urban resources

Objectives
[2.1] Precedent Study
Ernst Giselbrecht + Partner present the Kiefer Technic Showroom, an office building and exhibition space with a dynamic facade that changes to
outdoor conditions, optimizing internal climate, while allowing users to personalize their own spaces with user controls

The shell construction of the facade:

• consists of solid brick walls
• reinforced concrete ceilings and floors
• steel encased concrete columns.
The facade consist of:
• aluminums posts and transoms with protruding bridges for maintenance
• EIFS-facade in white plaster
Kiefer Technic Showroom
• electronic shutters of performated aluminum panels.
2007
Architect: Giselbrecht + Partner ZT GmbH

Kinetic Facade
[2.1] Precedent Study
The stainless steel louvers have several functions that transform the façade to allow more or less light into the building. The 1,280 motorized elements can be
closed to create a more solid enclosure, follow the position of the sun, or be entirely open to allow maximum solar exposure.

• 400,000 stainless steel lamellas/”feathers”

• 3,150 routered stainless steel moveable stalks

• Move and breathe with the touch of a controller.

• Direct natural light into tight interior spaces
• Respond to the location of the sun
• Enable light redirection without blocking the view
Q1 Building
2010
JSWD Architekten

Sun Screen
[2.1] Precedent Study
Windswept is a wind-driven kinetic façade consisting of 612 freely-rotating directional arrows creating a large-scale observational instrument that reveals the complex
interactions between the wind and the building. The wind arrows serve as discrete data points indicating the direction of local flow within the larger phenomenon.

“Our ordinary experience of wind is as a solitary sample point of a very large invisible phenomenon”

A 4’ x 4’ prototype panel fitted with 6 different arrow designs was

mounted on-site for a year of testing

The wind arrows are made of brake-formed anodized aluminum

The panels had holes punched in a 12” x 12” grid pattern into which the installation
contractor secured rivet nuts to accept the stainless steel axles Windswept
2012
Charles Sowers

Passive Movement
 The same way heliotropic plants track and fold according to the position of
the sun, The Wall-Flower tracks and folds in response to the inhabitants and
surrounding environment. When closed the system will shade more than ninety
percent of the glass façade and once open will allow more than ninety percent
of sunlight in. This is a key strategy in optimizing the interior temperature of
a building during the winter and summer months. During the summer the
Individual Wall-Flowers will be closed to block the harmful UV rays out but open
when a human presence is detected. This allows views out of the building to
be virtually uninterrupted while at the same time keeping the solar gain to a
minimum. The Wall-Flowers will then open up for the winter months allowing
maximum solar gain to heat the interior space. When the sensors are tripped by
a person, the nearby Flowers will then close blocking out any harsh, low angle
light into the space. The panels also provide privacy for the inhabitant and can
be controlled through a series of buttons. The individual flowers are made of
a photovoltaic fabric which will harvest the sun energy and inject it into the
building system as a renewable energy source.

[2.2] Concept
Closed Open
Hexagon geometry provides dicotomy of large surface area open and and small surface area closed

Open/Close Equalness
 Track cursor position, Enlarge dots around cursor/Shrink dots around cursor

[2.2] Concept
float sizeGrid = 2; ///// rounded rectangles void my_Rot_Rect(int x, int y) { scale(100/g);
float scaleFactor = 1; fill(50); pushMatrix(); fill(0, 0, 0, 255);
int grid = 50; noStroke(); float m = sizeGrid;
void setup() { beginShape(); ///// relate to mouse position beginShape();
size(1000, 500); int v = 10; int a = mouseX; vertex(11.547*m, 0);
smooth(); vertex(width-v, 0); int b = mouseY; vertex(5.774*m, -10*m);
background(255); bezierVertex(width-v/2, 0, width, 0+v/2, vertex(-5.774*m, -10*m);
} width, v); float mx = map(mouseX, 0, width, 0, 40); vertex(-11.547*m, 0);
void draw() { vertex(width, 0); float my = map(mouseY, 0, height, 0, 40); vertex(-5.774*m, 10*m);
// set graphic parameters endShape(); vertex(5.774*m, 10*m);
noStroke(); beginShape(); float g = dist(x, y, a, b); endShape(CLOSE);
fill(100, 200); vertex(v, 0); float g1 = dist(x, y, a, b); popMatrix();
background(255); bezierVertex(v/2, 0, 0 , v/2, 0, v); }
// set fill for second pattern vertex(0, 0); if (g < 100) {
fill(0, 0, 0, 255); endShape(); g = 100; void my_Norm_Rect(int x, int y) {
beginShape(); } pushMatrix();
///// create second pattern vertex(v, height); translate(x, y);
for (int i = 0; i <= width; i += grid) { bezierVertex(v/2, height, 0 , height- v/2, 0, float mx1 = mx + g; float m = sizeGrid;
for (int j = 0; j <= height; j += grid) { height - v); float my2 = my + g; beginShape();
if((i % 20) == 0) { vertex(0, height); vertex(11.547*m, 0);
pushMatrix(); endShape(); float mx3 = map(mx1, 0, 1100, 5, 40); vertex(5.774*m, -10*m);
scale(scaleFactor); beginShape(); float my4 = map(my2, 0, 1100, 5, 40); vertex(-5.774*m, -10*m);
fill(0, 0, 0, 50); vertex(width-v, height); vertex(-11.547*m, 0);
my_Rot_Rect(i , j); bezierVertex(width-v/2, height, width, ///// draw hexagon vertex(-5.774*m, 10*m);
popMatrix(); height-v/2, width, height-v); translate(x, y); vertex(5.774*m, 10*m);
} else { vertex(width, height); endShape(CLOSE);
pushMatrix(); endShape(); popMatrix();
scale(scaleFactor); noFill(); }
translate(0, sizeGrid*10); }
fill(0, 0, 0, 50);
my_Rot_Rect(i, j);
popMatrix();
}
}
}

Processing Script
 Diaheliotropism Paraheliotropism
• Faces perpendicular to the sun • Diurnal sleep of leaves (light avoiding)
• Motion caused by motor cells below the flower • Associated with:
• Pump potassium into nearby tissue • High light intensity
• High temperature
• Drought

Energy Optimization Energy Conservation

[2.2] Concept
Performance Goals
 [Screen remains constant acting as sun shade] • Changes state according to season and time
[User presence triggers “halo”] • Halo follows user
[User deploys button] • Changes state along preprogramed sequence

[2.3] Sun Shade

[Screen remains constant acting as sun shade] • Changes state according to season and time
[User presence triggers “halo”] • Halo follows user
[User deploys button] • Changes state along preprogramed sequence

Interior Movement (user)

 [Screen remains constant acting as sun shade] • Changes state according to season and time
[User presence triggers “halo”] • Halo follows user
[User deploys button] • Changes state along preprogramed sequence

[2.3] Direct Control

Panel’s material generates solar enery which is used to directly power the motors required for operation of the panels

Energy Harvesting
 Studying folding properties of the hexagon, the mechanics of getting to it close, and the assembly of multiple panels

[2.4] Mechanics
 Individual Panels

Facade System
Hexagonal panels fold to create openings in the facade

Digital Motion
 Panels grouped into clusters of four; reduces amount of motors and provides anchor point for structure

[2.4] Clustering of Panels

Breakdown of Action
 Panels react to user presence on the interior, form “walking halo” around user

[2.4] Detection of Users

Structural Assembly
 Panels react to user presence on the interior, form “walking halo” around user

[2.4] Detection of Users

Whether the Wall-Flower system is used on a new building construction or an old
retrofit project, it will work the same way. Four individual Flower panels will be
controlled by one servo motor mounted in the center. Infrared sensor will be located
on the interior to track the presence of a human, which will then tell the panels to
open or close. As a whole, the system will connect to the building by a series of
tension cables. This was done in an effort to reduce the amount of connection points
on the actual façade. This cable system will make it easy to construct the system
on any building, whether it was built in the fifties or last month. Small steel pipes
will be used as the main structure that will branch out and support each of the four
Flower panels. These steel pipes will also house the cables that attach to the servo
motor and allow the Flower to open and close.

Structural Assembly
 [1] Aligning the hexagons [2] Wiring the hexagons

[3] Mounting the servo pulley [4] Attaching wires to servo

[2.5] Assembly of Concept Model

Low visability through panels Open

High visibility through panels Closed

Model Performance
[2.5] Assembly of Prototype
Performance
Final Prototype
Goals
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo0;
Servo myservo1;
Servo myservo2;
int sensorMin = 60;
int sensorMax = 600;
int sensorThreshmin =60;
int sensorThreshmax = 600;
int numReadings = 8;
int readings[8];
int index = 0;
int total = 0;
int pin3 = 3;
int pin4 = 4;
int pin5 = 5;
int average = 0;
Rotate servo 180 degrees when IR sensor reaches certain value, return to 0 degrees when IR sensor is below value;
[2.6] Scripting
void setup() int sensorReading1 = analogRead(1); //second else if (length3<=80){
{ IR sensor myservo2.write(10);
Serial.begin(9600); int length2 = map(sensorReading1, sensorMin, }
myservo0.attach(pin3); sensorMax, 0,180); //Servo 2 int val = digitalRead(6); //read from the pin 2
myservo1.attach(pin4); Serial.println(length2);
myservo2.attach(pin5); if (length2>80){ //if (length4<80){
pinMode(2,INPUT); // set the pin 2 to input myservo1.write(179); if(val==LOW){ //if the current is low (i.e. pressed)
} delay(300); then
void loop() } myservo0.write(179);
{ else if (length2<=80){ myservo1.write(179);
{ myservo1.write(10); myservo2.write(179);
int sensorReading = analogRead(0); //first IR } delay(300);
sensor } }
if (sensorReading > sensorThreshmin && int sensorReading = analogRead(0); //first IR
sensorReading <sensorThreshmax) { sensor else if (val==HIGH){
int length = map(sensorReading, sensorMin, int sensorReading1 = analogRead(1); //second myservo0.write(10);
sensorMax, 0,180); //Servo 1 IR sensor myservo1.write(10);
Serial.println(length); int sensorAverage = myservo2.write(10);
if (length>80){ (sensorReading+sensorReading1)/2; }
myservo0.write(179); int length3 = map(sensorAverage, sensorMin, }
delay(300); sensorMax, 0,180); //Servo 3
} Serial.println(length3);
else if (length<=80){ if (length3>80){
myservo0.write(10); myservo2.write(90);
} delay(300);
} }
Rotate servo 180 degrees when button is pressed, return to 0 degrees when button is released
 Arduino Mega IR sensors
Breadboard

Wiring for physical model Servo motors

Wiring Layout
[2.7] Interior Partition - Privacy
Interior Partition - Open
[2.7] Ceiling Fixture - Blocks Light
 Interior Light Control

Mounted as a ceiling fixture regulating how much light can enter a space

Ceiling Fixture - Allows Light

[2.7] Facade Display
Facade Display Transformed
Wall-Flower
An Interactive Architectural Facade